CHEMISTRY 122 Chapter 6 Chemical Equilibrium

Overview:
 Chemical Equilibrium
 Reaction at Equilibrium

Chemical Equilibrium – Ch. 6.1

Recall: From Chem 121 (Ch. 4)

Types of Chemical Reactions
(a) Precipitation Reactions: e.g., Na2SO4(aq) and Pb(NO3)2(aq)

(b) Acid-Base Reactions, e.g., HCl and NaOH

(c) Oxidation-Reduction Reactions:

MnO4– + Fe2+  Fe3+ + Mn2+

All reactions that we have considered were assumed to be unidirectional, but all reactions are
______________________!

Ex:
N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2NH3(g)

CH4(g) + O2(g)  2H2O(l) + CO2(g)

N2O4(g)  2NO2(g)

Some reactions are just more __________________ than others. Some ___________________
____________________ are extremely slow or improbable.

Our focus will be on systems which have measurable equilibria.

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J. Zhou Spring 2018
CHEMISTRY 122 Chapter 6 Chemical Equilibrium

A chemical equilibrium could represent either a ______________ or ______________ process.

Ex.
H2O(l)  H2O(g)
NaCl(s)  NaCl(aq)
CO(g) + 2 H2(g)  CH3OH(g)

A chemical equilibrium is a dynamic process and reactions are always occurring, it is comprised of
_____________ __________________ reactions:
H2O + CO  H2 + CO2

(1) Forward Reaction:

(2) Reverse Reaction:

Chemical equilibrium is achieved when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are ______________. At
equilibrium the concentrations of the reactants and products remain ______________.

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J. Zhou Spring 2018
CHEMISTRY 122 Chapter 6 Chemical Equilibrium

We can write an equilibrium constant expression for a reaction:

aA + bB  cC + dD

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J. Zhou Spring 2018