SCIENCE 10

Quarter IV
MODULE 3 – Week 5 to 6

CHEMICAL REACTIONS

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I. TITLE: CHEMICAL REACTION
After finishing this module, you are expected to:
Content Standards:
The learners will understand the chemical reactions associated with biological and industrial
processes affecting life and the environment.
Most Essential Learning Competency:
1.Apply the principles of conservation of mass to chemical reactions.
This module presents the concept of change which in chemistry is equivalent to a reaction. We will be
discussing about balancing chemical reactions as it conforms to the principles of conservation of
mass as what was specified by the most essential learning competency.

WHAT I KNOW
TRUE OR FALSE. Write True if the statement is correct and False if the statement is incorrect.
1. __________ Chemical reactions takes place everyday.
2. __________ To balance chemical equations, a subscript must be added to each elements.
3. __________ In the Law of Mass Conservation, there should be equal number of atoms of
every element in each side of the chemical equation.
4. __________ A chemical equation is a shorthand for chemical reactions.
5. __________ A chemical equation is considered balance when each side of the equation has
the same elements.
6. __________ Starting materials in a reaction is called the products.
7. __________ Chemical reaction is an example of chemical change.
8. __________ Rusting of iron shows a chemical reaction.
9. __________ Chemical change and physical change are the same.
10. __________ Temperature can affect the rate of chemical reaction.

II. CONCEPT NOTES

We know that chemical changes occur when substances undergo changes in their
composition. Chemical reaction is a process in which one set of new substances called reactants is
converted to a new set of substance called products. A chemical equation is composed of two parts
which is the reactant and a product.
Example:
2Na(s) + Cl2(g) 2NaCl(s) (Chemical equation)

Reactants Product

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 Chemical equation is used to illustrate chemical reaction using symbols, formulas, and signs. It
is a chemists’ shorthand for describing the sequence of a chemical reaction. When we write a chemical
equation, we take note of the following:

1.Chemical formulas of element symbols are used instead of names.

2.This consists of reactants (written on the left side of the equation) and products (written on the
right side).
3.In between the two reactants, the “+” sign is used in place of the word “and”
4.To separate the reactants and the products, an arrow ( ) is placed in between them. The
tip of an arrow indicates the direction of the reaction and this represents the word produce, yield,
or form.
5. There should be the same atoms on the reactant and the product side of the equation.

Below are the symbols used in writing a chemical equation:

SYMBOLS DESCRIPTION
It indicates that the reaction is reversible which can go both
directions.

It shows that the substance is in solid state. It is placed after the

(s) formula.
(l) It shows that the substance is in liquid state. It is placed after the
formula.
(g) It shows that the substance is in gas state. It is placed after the
formula.
(aq) It indicates that the substance is dissolved in water
The delta sign above the arrow indicates that heat is supplied to
the reaction
A formula written above or below the arrow indicates that it is
used as a catalyst

thoughtco.com

Several chemical reactions takes place in our daily lives everyday.

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MANIFESTATION OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
●Change in odor
●Change in color
●Evolution of gas
●Formation of precipitate
●Evolution of light and heat
●Change in temperature or energy
●Change of form

BALANCING CHEMICAL EQUATION

Chemical equation must be balanced, therefore, there should be the same numbers of each
atom on the reactants and product side. Balancing chemical equation conforms to the Law of Mass
Conservation. Equation can be balanced by putting coefficients before any formulas and not change
the subscripts of the elements or compounds. Coefficients are whole numbers written in front of the
symbols or formula, which represents the number of its atom.

instructables.com commons.wikimedia.org

STEPS IN BALANCING EQUATION:

1. Inspect the elements in the reactant and product side. (You may write the elements found on
both sides of the equation -reactants & product for easier identification and inspection).
2.Count the number of atoms of each element on each side of the arrow.
3.Balance the atoms by using coefficients. Apply the Law of Conservation of Mass.
4. Check your work by counting the atoms of each element.

Examples:

1. Al + Cl2 Al Cl3 (Unbalanced) 2Al + 3Cl2 2Al Cl3 (balanced)

Reactant Product Reactant Product

Al – 1 Al – 1 Al – 2 Al – 2
Cl - 2 Cl- 3 Cl - 6 Cl- 6

2. Ca (OH)2 +H3 PO4 Ca3 (PO4)2 + H2O Ca (OH)2+ 2H3 PO4 Ca3(PO4)2 + 6H2O
(Unbalanced) (Balanced)

Reactant Product Reactant Product

Ca – 1 Ca- 3 Ca – 3 x 1 = 3 Ca- 3
H- 2 + 3 = 5 H= 2 H- (3x2) + (2x3)= 12 H- (6x2)=12
P–1 P- 2 P- 2x1 = 2 P- 2
O- 2 O- 8+1= 9 O- (3x2)+ (2x4)= 14 O-(4x2)+(6x1)=14

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 3. H2SO4 + NaOH H2O+ Na2SO4 H2SO4 + 2NaOH 2H2O + Na2SO4
(Unbalanced) (Balanced)

Reactant Product Reactant Product

H – 2+1=3 H- 2 H – 2+(2x1)=4 H- 2x2=4
O-4 + 1= 5 O= 1+4=5 O-4 + (2x1)=6 O= (2x1)+4=6
Na- 1 Na- 2 Na- 2 x1=2 Na- 2
S- 1 S- 1 S- 1 S- 1

APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL REACTION

There are lots of chemical reaction happening around us. Chemical reactions or chemical
changes can both be beneficial and undesirable in our daily life. There are various applications of
chemical reaction in different fields like in culinary and food preservation, medicine, engineering ,
industry and etc.

ThoughtCo. / Hugo Lin

Common Chemical Changes/ Chemical reaction and its Application

• The rusting of iron
• Combustion (burning) of wood
• The metabolism of food in the body
• Mixing an acid and a base, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
• Cooking an egg
• Digesting sugar with the amylase in saliva
• Mixing baking soda and vinegar to produce carbon dioxide gas
• Baking a cake
• Electroplating a metal
• Using a chemical battery
• The explosion of fireworks
• Rotting bananas
• Grilling a hamburger
• Milk going sour
• Creation of medicines
• Interaction of medicines inside our bodies
• Creation of laboratory equipments
• Performing laboratory tests
• Used in food preservation (fermentation, smoking, pickling, canning etc.)
• Kinetics and mechanisms
• Fuel cell engineering
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 • Reaction and reactor dynamics
• Reactor technology
• Chemical thermodynamics
• Controls of fire

III. LEARNING TASK

A. Learning Task 1- Balance Me. Balance the following chemical equation.

1. N2 + H2 NH3

2. CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O

3. HgO Hg + O2

4. Zn + HCl ZnCl2 + H2

5. 2H2O H2 + O2

6. C8H18 + O2 CO2 + H2O

7. C3H8 + O2 H2O + CO2

8. Xe + F2 XeF6

9. Fe + O2 Fe2O3

10. Ag+ H2S Ag2S + H2

11. Fe2 (SO4)3 + KOH K2SO4 + Fe (OH)3

12. H2 + Cl2 HCl

13. C2H4 + O2 CO2 + H2O

14. C + SO2 CS2 + CO

15. H2 SO4 + NaOH Na2 SO4 + H2O

B. Learning Task 2-Do This:

INSTRUCTION: Select one chemical reaction and explain the importance of it in our lives.
Present it to the class together with the chemical equation.

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C. Learning Task 4- CHEMICAL COMICS
Complete the short story on the comic that will be presented below. Choose words or phrases
given. The following situations will show different applications of chemical reactions.

Explosion of fireworks Medicine Fermentation

Baking a cake Wine food metabolism

Dexter and his family are watching a TV show They listen to the new breakthrough in
Science, the discovery of a new
1______________

dexterslab.fandom.com www.pinterest

Suddenly, mother realized that she was 2_______ Deedee and Dexter are very excited to
And immediately went to the kitchen. Eat the cake.

retrojunk.com
pictandpicture.org

Father now prepared the 3__________ on the Dexter know that wine undergo
Table. the process of 4_____________.

playbuzz.com www.ppinterest

Deedee and Dexter hurried to the dining table Dexter explained the 5________
And ate the cake. To Deedee

dexterslab.fandom.com dexterslab.fandom.com

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After the family ate together, they heard noise outside
And they witness 6_____________. They remembered that it was
already Christmas eve.

123rf.com
D. Learning Task 4- DO THIS:

Instruction:
List at least 5 chemical reactions you noticed in your home and in the environment.

1._____________ 4._____________
2._____________ 5._____________
3._____________

ANSWER KEY
Learning Task 1
1. N2 + 3H2 2NH3
Learning Task 2
(Answers may vary)
2. CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

3. 2HgO 2Hg + O2
Learning Task 3
4. Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2
1. Medicine
5. 2H2O 2H2 + O2 2. Baking
3. Wine
6. 2C8H18 + 25O2 16CO2 + 18H2O 4. Fermentation
5. Food metabolism
7. C3H8 + 5O2 4H2O + 3CO2 6. Explosion of
firewoks
8. Xe + 3F2 XeF6
Learning Task 4
9. 4Fe + 3O2 2Fe2O3 (Answers may vary)

10. 2Ag+ H2S Ag2S + H2

11. Fe2 (SO4)3 + 6KOH 3K2SO4 + 2Fe (OH)3

12. H2 + Cl2 2HCl

13. C2H4 + 3O2 2CO2 + 2H2O

14. 5C + 2SO2 CS2 + 4CO

15. H2 SO4 + 2NaOH Na2 SO4 + 2H2O

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REFERENCES

PRINTED MATERIAL

Valdoz, Aquino, Biong, Andaya (2017) Science Links: Worktext for Scientific and Technological
Literacy Rex Bookstore, Inc., Manila, Phillipines.

Deped Learners manual

ELECTRONIC SOURCES

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COMPILED BY:

KRISTINE F. YAGONIA
BABAG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

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