Website: www.ijnres.

org

Analyzing Gender based Two-Wheeler Electric Vehicle Riding

in Relation to Accidents
C. Chan1, a), Rubesh2, b), Pant3, c)
1
Department of Energy Engineering, Akal College of Engineering and Technology, Sirmaur, India
2
Department of Energy Engineering, Midlands State University, Zimbabwe
3
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, India
a)
chin_chun86@rediffmail.com
b)
nrubesh@msu.ac.zw
c)
20118004@student.annauniv.edu

Abstract— This research study delves into the analysis of gender-based patterns in two-wheeler electric vehicle (EV) riding
with respect to accidents. As electric mobility gains momentum worldwide, it becomes essential to understand the potential dif-
ferences in accident rates, risk factors, and safety practices between male and female riders. The objective of this research is to
identify and compare accident trends, driving behaviors, and risk perceptions associated with male and female two-wheeler EV
riders, providing valuable insights to enhance safety measures and promote gender-specific accident prevention strategies. The
research employs a mixed-method approach, combining the analysis of historical accident data and surveys. Accident data are
collected from reliable sources, including traffic authorities, police reports, and insurance records, to uncover patterns in acci-
dent occurrence, severity, and contributing factors specific to each gender. Additionally, surveys and questionnaires are distrib-
uted to representative samples of male and female electric two-wheeler riders to capture driving behaviors, safety practices, and
accident experiences.

Index Terms— Electric Vehicle, Two wheeler Riders, Accidents, Risk analysis

I. INTRODUCTION der. To achieve the research objectives, a mixed-method

Electric vehicles have gained widespread attention as
eco-friendly and sustainable mobility solutions. among them,
two-wheeler electric vehicles have seen significant adoption
worldwide. this research article investigates the patterns and
characteristics of male and female riders' involvement in
accidents while using two-wheeler electric vehicles [1]. The
study aims to identify potential gender-specific risk factors,
driving behaviors, and safety measures associated with ac-
cidents. by examining data from accident reports and con-
ducting surveys, this research provides valuable insights to
enhance safety measures and promote gender-specific acci-
dent prevention strategies within the context of electric mo-
bility [2]. The growing popularity of electric two-wheelers
as an environmentally conscious mode of transportation
warrants a comprehensive examination of the safety impli-
cations for male and female riders. this study delves into the
analysis of accidents involving two-wheeler electric vehi-
cles to ascertain potential gender-specific differences in
accident rates, contributing factors, and safety practices [3].
The review of existing literature highlights the scarcity of
research on gender-specific differences in accident rates
among electric two-wheeler riders. while studies on conven-
tional vehicles have shown variations in accident severity,
risk perception, and driving behaviors between male and
female drivers, this analysis seeks to explore the unique
dynamics of electric two-wheeler accidents concerning gen-
Copyright © 2023 Authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unre-
stricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
approach is utilized. firstly, historical accident data involv-
ing electric two-wheeler riders are collected from relevant
sources such as traffic authorities, police reports, and insur-
ance records [4]. secondly, surveys and questionnaires are
distributed among a representative sample of male and fe-
male electric two-wheeler riders to gather insights into their
driving behaviors, attitudes towards safety, and accident
experiences.
II. ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENT DATA
The comprehensive analysis of accident data reveals
patterns in accident occurrence, severity, and contributing
factors between male and female riders. the study investi-
gates variables such as age, location, road type, time of day,
and weather conditions to identify potential risk factors as-
sociated with each gender. Analyzing accident data on a
gender basis is a significant step towards understanding the
distinct road safety challenges faced by men and women.
Road accidents continue to be a global concern, causing
millions of injuries and fatalities every year. However, this
data-driven approach can help identify gender-specific pat-
terns, contributing factors, and potential areas for improve-
ment in road safety measures [5]. In this article, we will
delve into the importance of gender-based analysis of acci-
dent data, explore key findings, and discuss the implications
for enhancing road safety and promoting a more inclusive
transportation environment.

A. Importance of Gender-Based Analysis
Conducting gender-based analysis of accident data al-
lows researchers, policymakers, and road safety experts to
recognize disparities in road safety outcomes between men
and women. Historically, accident data has been aggregated
without considering gender, which may overlook critical
differences in risk exposure, driving behaviors, and the se-
verity of injuries experienced by both genders. By examin-
ing data separately for men and women, we can better un-
derstand the nuanced factors that contribute to accidents and
devise targeted interventions accordingly [6].
B. Differences in Driving Behaviors
One significant aspect that emerges from gender-based
accident data analysis is the differences in driving behaviors
between men and women. Studies have shown that men
tend to engage in riskier driving practices, such as speeding,
aggressive driving, and driving under the influence of alco-
hol or drugs, which increase their susceptibility to accidents.
On the other hand, women are more likely to prioritize safe-
ty, obey traffic rules, and wear seat belts, leading to a com-
paratively lower incidence of accidents. This insight high-
lights the need for tailored road safety campaigns that ad-
dress gender-specific driving behaviors and encourage re-
sponsible driving practices among all road users [7].
C. Vehicle Usage and Preferences
Accident data analysis reveals distinctive vehicle usage
patterns and preferences among men and women. For in-
stance, men are more likely to use motorcycles and heavy
vehicles, which are associated with higher accident risks due
to their vulnerability and handling characteristics. Converse-
ly, women often opt for smaller, more fuel-efficient cars,
which may contribute to a lower rate of severe accidents [8].
Understanding these vehicle usage trends can help design
gender-sensitive road safety policies, such as targeted safety
measures for motorcycle riders or the promotion of safety
features in specific vehicle categories.
D. Road Types and Accident Hotspots
Gender-based analysis also offers insights into road types
and accident hotspots that disproportionately affect men and
women. Certain roads, intersections, and geographic loca-
tions may pose higher risks for one gender over the other.
Identifying these accident-prone areas can lead to targeted
road infrastructure improvements, enhanced signage, and
better traffic management strategies to reduce accidents and
improve overall road safety [9].
E. Injury Patterns and Severity
Accident data analysis based on gender can also uncover
disparities in injury patterns and severity. Studies suggest
that women are more likely to sustain minor injuries and
soft tissue damage in accidents, while men face a higher risk
of severe injuries and fatalities [10]. This difference can be
attributed to physiological factors and the types of accidents
men and women are involved in. Understanding these injury
patterns is vital for developing gender-responsive emergen-
cy medical services and rehabilitation programs to ensure
appropriate care and support for all accident victims.
F. Driving behaviors and safety practices
The survey findings shed light on differences in driving
behaviors and safety practices among male and female rid-
ers. the analysis includes factors such as speed, adherence to
traffic rules, helmet usage, and awareness of safety features
on electric two-wheelers.
G. Risk perception
Analyzing Gender based Two-Wheeler Electric Vehicle Riding in Relation to Accidents (Chan, Rubesh and Pant)
24
the study explores variations in risk perception and attitudes
towards safety measures between male and female riders.
understanding how each gender perceives risks while riding
electric two-wheelers can help in designing targeted safety
campaigns [11].
H. Implications for policy and safety measures
Based on the research findings, this section proposes
gender-specific accident prevention strategies. these may
include tailored awareness campaigns, educational programs,
and safety guidelines aimed at addressing gender-specific
driving behaviors and risk perceptions.
III. ENHANCING ELECTRIC VEHICLE (EV) SAFETY
AND MINIMIZING ACCIDENTS
Enhancing Electric Vehicle (EV) safety and minimizing
accidents is a critical endeavor to accelerate the global tran-
sition to sustainable transportation. As the popularity of EVs
surges, it becomes increasingly vital to address safety con-
cerns for both occupants and pedestrians. Several key strat-
egies can be employed to achieve this goal and create a safer
environment for EVs [12]. First and foremost, integrating
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) is paramount.
ADAS technologies, such as automatic emergency braking,
lane departure warning, blind-spot monitoring, and adaptive
cruise control, can effectively prevent collisions and assist
drivers in avoiding potential hazards on the road. These cut-
ting-edge features rely on sensors and cameras to continu-
ously monitor the surroundings, offering real-time feedback
to drivers and enabling swift and precise reactions to dan-
gerous situations [13].
Another essential aspect of EV safety lies in optimizing
battery technology and management systems. Since the bat-
tery pack is the heart of an EV, ensuring its safety is of ut-
most importance. Robust battery management systems regu-
late charging and discharging to prevent overloading and
overheating, minimizing the risk of thermal runaway and
fire incidents. Furthermore, implementing appropriate bat-
tery cell design and materials can enhance the battery's resil-
ience and resistance to potential hazards. Strict adherence to
high safety standards during the manufacturing process and
comprehensive testing protocols are vital to ensuring that
EV batteries meet the highest safety requirements. Vehicle
design and crashworthiness play a crucial role in reducing
injuries in case of accidents. Employing advanced materials
and engineering techniques, EV manufacturers can
strengthen vehicle structures and integrate energy-absorbing
components, such as crumple zones, to dissipate impact
forces effectively. Rigorous crash testing and simulations
are conducted to validate the vehicle's safety performance
under various collision scenarios. By prioritizing crashwor-
thiness, EVs can protect occupants and minimize the severi-
ty of injuries, bolstering public confidence in their safety.
Addressing pedestrian safety concerns is equally important
in the context of EVs. Unlike traditional internal combustion
engine vehicles, EVs tend to operate silently, making them
less noticeable to pedestrians, especially those with visual
impairments. To mitigate potential accidents involving pe-
destrians, many EV manufacturers have adopted sound gen-
eration systems. These systems emit audible alerts at low
speeds, helping pedestrians detect the presence of an ap-
proaching EV and facilitating safe crossings. Striking a bal-
ance between environmental consciousness and pedestrian
safety is crucial, and the adoption of sound generation sys-
tems is a step towards achieving that equilibrium [14].

In addition to technological advancements, education and
awareness initiatives are pivotal in promoting EV safety.
Educating drivers about the unique characteristics of EVs,
including their regenerative braking systems and the im-
portance of properly maintaining battery health, can lead to
safer driving practices. Moreover, raising public awareness
about pedestrian safety near EVs can reduce the risk of ac-
cidents involving vulnerable road users. Public campaigns,
workshops, and collaboration between EV manufacturers
and traffic safety organizations can contribute to creating a
safety-conscious culture around EVs. To fully support the
adoption and safety of EVs, robust infrastructure develop-
ment is indispensable. A well-established charging infra-
structure reduces range anxiety and enables EV drivers to
plan their journeys with confidence. This ensures that EVs
are adequately charged, minimizing the risk of sudden pow-
er depletion during travel, which can lead to accidents. Gov-
ernment incentives and investments in charging station net-
works play a vital role in encouraging private and public
organizations to expand charging infrastructure across cities
and highways. Regular maintenance and inspections are
fundamental in ensuring the safe operation of EVs. Periodic
servicing and adherence to manufacturer-recommended
maintenance schedules help detect potential technical issues
early on and prevent them from escalating into safety haz-
ards. Battery health checks, tire maintenance, and overall
vehicle health inspections are vital components of a com-
prehensive safety maintenance program for EVs. Responsi-
ble battery recycling and disposal practices are critical for
environmental safety and to prevent hazardous incidents. As
EV batteries reach the end of their useful life, proper recy-
cling processes ensure the recovery of valuable materials
and reduce the environmental impact. Additionally, safe
disposal practices mitigate the risk of battery fires and
chemical leakages that can harm both the environment and
public health. Collaboration with emergency services is es-
sential to prepare for any incidents involving EVs. Emer-
gency personnel should receive specialized training to han-
dle accidents or emergencies involving EVs and their high-
voltage systems. This includes knowledge of how to safely
handle damaged EVs and extract occupants in case of acci-
dents. As EVs become more connected and autonomous,
cybersecurity becomes a paramount concern. Ensuring ro-
bust cybersecurity measures to safeguard EVs from poten-
tial hacking attempts is crucial to maintain the integrity and
safety of these vehicles [15]. Protecting the vehicle's control
systems, communication channels, and data transmission
from cyber threats is essential for maintaining road safety.
Data analytics and predictive maintenance can play a signif-
icant role in preventing accidents caused by technical fail-
ures. By collecting and analyzing real-time data from EVs,
manufacturers and service providers can identify potential
issues proactively and take preventive measures before ac-
cidents occur. Predictive maintenance can help detect and
address potential malfunctions in critical components, such
as batteries and braking systems, avoiding safety hazards.
Governments play a critical role in setting high safety stand-
ards for EV manufacturers and enforcing compliance. In-
centives for manufacturers to adopt advanced safety tech-
nologies and invest in research and development can accel-
erate the integration of cutting-edge safety features in EVs.
IV. CONCLUSION
The research article concludes by providing recommenda-
tions for policymakers, manufacturers, and relevant stake-
Analyzing Gender based Two-Wheeler Electric Vehicle Riding in Relation to Accidents (Chan, Rubesh and Pant)
25
holders to promote safe electric two-wheeler riding among
both genders. it also highlights the need for further research
to delve deeper into gender-specific accident trends and the
effectiveness of gender-targeted safety initiatives. The anal-
ysis of male and female two-wheeler electric vehicle riding
with respect to accidents provides valuable insights for the
development of gender-specific accident prevention strate-
gies. by identifying potential risk factors, driving behaviors,
and safety practices, this research contributes to enhancing
safety measures and fostering a safer environment for elec-
tric mobility. implementing the proposed recommendations
can lead to a significant reduction in accidents and contrib-
ute to a more sustainable and secure future of electric two-
wheeler transportation.
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