ANSWERS

(v) Focuses light onto the retina (vii) Prevent reflection of light in the
CHAPTER 1 (vi)
Protects and maintains the eye
shape of the eye (viii)
Detects light stimuli and
1.1 produces nerve impulses
1 (a) Central (b)
(i) Brain (i) Pupil Controls the size of the pupil
(ii) Spinal cord
(b) Peripheral
(i) Cranial nerve
(ii) Conjunctiva Refracts and focuses light onto the retina
(ii) Spinal nerve
2 (a) Detects stimuli
(b) Send impulse
(iii) Cornea Protects the front part of the sclera
(c) Interprets impulse
(d) Produces suitable response
3 Voluntary action
conscience, brain (iv) Retina Produces nerve impulses
Examples of activity:
1. Cycling
2. Reading a newspaper (v) Iris Controls the amount of light that enters the eye

Involuntary action
immediately, conscience (vi) Choroid Provides oxygen to the eye
Examples of activity:
1. Sneezing 3 (a) (i) Rod cell
2. Respiration (ii) Cone cell
4 (a) 3 (b) (i) Retina
(c) 3 (ii) light intensity
5 (a) (i) Affector (iii) three, light colour
(ii) Effector 4 (a) (i) Ossicle
(b) (i) Affector (ii) Semicircular canal
(ii) Effector (iii) Auditory nerve
(iv) Cochlea
6 (a) Involuntary action
(v) Eustachian tube
(b) Closing and covering eyes will (vi) Oval window
prevent light from entering the eyes (vii) Eardrum
continuously. (viii) Ear canal
(c) The eyes will be defected or injured. (ix) Earlobe
(b)
1.2 (i) Earlobe Controls body balance
1 (a) Eye lens
(b) Conjunctiva
(c) Cornea (ii) Ear canal Amplifies sound vibration and send it to the oval window
(d) Pupil
(e) Aqueous humour (iii) Eardrum Channels sound waves to the eardrum
(f) Iris
(g) Sclera
(h) Choroid (iv) Ossicle Send nerve impulses to the brain
(i) Retina
(j) Yellow spot
(v) Semicircular
(k) Blind spot Converts sound waves into nerve impulses
canal
(l) Optic nerve
(m) Vitreous humour
(n) Ciliary muscle (vi) Oval window Transfers the collected sound vibration to the cochlea
2 (a) (i) Contracts and relaxes to control
the thickness of eye lens
(ii) Hold the eyeball in its place (vii)Cochlea Collects sound waves
(iii) Maintains the shape of the
eyeball and helps in focusing (viii)Eustachian Vibrates at the same frequency of the sound waves
light into the eye tube received
(iv) Maintains the shape of the
eyeball and helps in focusing
(ix) Auditory nerve Balancing air pressure in the eardrum
light into the eye

© Global Mediastreet Sdn. Bhd. (762284-U) A1

5 (a) (i) Nose 10 (a) Pinching the nose while consuming 1.3
(ii) Nostrils the medicine 1 (a) (i) Light
(iii) Smell sensory cells (b) When the nose is pinched, the sense (ii) Shoots
(iv) Nasal cavity of smell is prevented from detecting (iii) Plants get enough light for
(b) Generates nerve impulses when the chemical substances from the photosynthesis
stimulated by smell. food. (b) (i) Water
(c) Sense of taste 11 (a) Student’s answer (ii) Roots
6 (a) papillae (b) Optical illusion (iii) Plants get mineral water salts
(b) taste bud (c) The brain is unable to interpret and for photosynthesis
(c) sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami accurately what is actually seen by (c) (i) Gravity
7 (a) (i) Pain the eyes. (ii) Roots
Function: 12 (b) 3 (iii) Plants can grasp the soil for
Detects pain (c) 3 support
(ii) Heat (e) 3 (d) (i) Touch
Function: (ii) Tendrils
Detects heat stimuli SCIENCE IN DAILY LIFE (iii) Plants get support
(iii) Touch Large vehicles such as buses have wide blind (e) (i) Touch
Function: spot zones. The zones are on the left, right and (ii) Leaves
Detects touch behind the bus. Other vehicles within these (iii) Plants get food and protection
(iv) Cold zones cannot be seen by the bus driver because from enemies
Function: the image of the vehicle falls on the blind spot 2 Shoots show:
Detects coldness of the driver. The warning sign is placed to (a) positive
(v) Pressure remind other drivers not to be in the blind spot (b) negative
Detects pressure zones to avoid accident. (c) negative
(b) That person will be exposed to 13 (a) (i) thin Roots show:
injury. (ii) short (a) negative
(c) (i) 3 the number of receptors (iii) convex (b) positive
3 the thickness of epidermis (b) (i) thick (c) positive
(ii) long 3 (a) Phototropism and thigmotropism
(ii) 3 neck
(iii) concave (b) These plants have features such as
(iii) 3 a lot of receptors and thin (c) (i) Uneven wide leaves and can climb to obtain
epidermis (ii) Cylindrical sufficient sunlight.
8 (a) (i) Earlobe 14 (a) (c) A large root gives stronger support to
(ii) Ear canal tall trees.
(iii) Eardrum
(iv) Ossicle bones 1.4
(v) Oval window 1 (a) (i) Stereoscopic
(vi) Cochlea (b) (ii) in front
(vii) Auditory nerve (iii) Narrow;
(b) (i) earlobe overlapping
(ii) ear canal (iv) estimate the distance of objects
(iii) Ossicle bones accurately
(iv) Nerve cells (v) predators to hunt prey
(v) auditory nerve 15 (a) Exposed to loud sound over a long
(b) (i) Monocular
9 (a) − 3 period of time.
(ii) side
(b) − 1 (b) Through hearing aid or surgery
(iii) Wide;
(c) − 4 not overlap
PAK-21 ACTIVITY
(d) − 5 (iv) detect predators from multiple
(e) − 2 Student’s answers
directions
(v) prey to escape from predators
16
(a) Telescope To see very far objects 2 Type of vision

(b) Stethoscope To observe fine microorganisms Monocular Stereoscopic

Rats Owls
(c) Microscope To observe foetal development in the uterus
Deers Lions

Goats Monkeys
(d) Ultrasound machine To hear heartbeat sound
Rabbits Tigers

3 both ears; direction; closer; earlier;

(e) X-ray machine To take pictures of dense tissues such as bones stronger

© Global Mediastreet Sdn. Bhd. (762284-U) A2

4 (a) Scorpion 2.3
2 Inhalation
(b) Catfish 1 Nitrogen dioxide
(c) Snake (a) Cigarette tar
(d) Shark Carbon monoxide
(e) Cricket Haze
PAK-21 ACTIVITY Dust
Ribcage
Pollen
Student’s answers
Sulphur dioxide
KBAT CORNER PAK-21 ACTIVITY
(a) The image of vehicle Q falls on the
Diaphragm Student’s answers
blind spot of the lorry driver. The
photoreceptors are not present in the SCIENCE IN DAILY LIFE
blind spot, therefore the image of vehicle (b) (i) contracts, up, outwards Asthma is a respiratory disease that occurs
Q cannot be seen. (ii) contracts, flatten, downwards due to the narrowing bronchi and production
(b) Slow down the vehicle to be outside of (iii) increases, decrease of mucus causing difficulties in breathing. The
the blind spot area of the lorry driver (iv) high asthmatic student can be given coffee drink to
PISA/TIMSS CORNER ease her breathing difficulties. Coffee contains
Exhalation caffeine which is a drug that acts similarly as
C
a chemical called theophylline. This chemical
SUMMATIVE PRACTICE 1 (a) substances opens airways in the lungs thus
relieves breathlessness.
1 (a) (i) Touch
2 Acetone
(ii) 1. Has many receptors
Nicotine
2. Thin layer of epidermis
Ribcage Carbon monoxide
(b) (i) X: Bitter
3 A passive smoker is a non-smoker who
Y: Umami
often inhales cigarette smoke from
(ii) V 3
smokers near him and facing the same
Z 3
risk of respiratory diseases.
2 (a) (i) Phototropism Diaphragm
(ii) P: Grows towards the hole 2.4
Q: Grows upright 1 Trachea
(iii) Plant P receives light that enters (b) (i) relaxes, down, inwards (a) Tracheal system
the box only from the hole on (ii) relaxes, curve upwards (b) spiracle
the cardboard box while plant (iii) decreases, increase (c) thin, moist
Q receives light from all (iv) high (d) large surface area
directions as the glass box is (i) Trachea
transparent. 2.2
(ii) Spiracle
(b) K twirls around the support structure 1 (a) ❶ diffusion
to let the plant grows higher thus ❷ higher Moist skin
the leaves obtain more sunlight for ❸ Oxyhaemoglobin (a) thin, very permeable
photosynthesis. Oxyhaemoglobin (b) moist, dilute, diffuse
(b) ❶ Oxyhaemoglobin, oxidation (c) networks of blood capillaries, rate of
Oxyhaemoglobin diffusion
CHAPTER 2 ❷ (i) oxidation, energy, water
vapour, carbon dioxide
(i) Moist skin
(ii) Lungs
Carbon dioxide + water Gills
1 (a) (i) Nasal cavity
vapour + energy (a) filaments/ lamellae
(ii) Nostril
(ii) higher (b) large surface area
(iii) Larynx
❸ (i) body cells (i) Filament
(iv) Intercostal muscle
(v) Alveolus (ii) lungs
2 (a) The rate of diffusion of gases across PAK-21 ACTIVITY
(vi) Pharynx
(vii) Trachea the alveolus and blood capillary is Student’s answers
(viii) Bronchus higher.
2 (a) Do not smoke
(ix) Bronchiole (b) Provides large surface area for
(b) Drinks a lot of water
(x) Diaphragm gaseous exchange
(c) Exercise at least three times a week
(b) (i) Nostril (c) Allows respiratory gases to
(d) Stay away from smoker to avoid
(ii) Nasal cavity diffuse into the blood capillaries
being a passive smoker
(iii) Pharynx easily.
(iv) Larynx (d) The rate of diffusion of gases 2.5
(v) Trachea through alveoli and blood capillaries 1 (a) lower, photosynthesis
(vi) Bronchus becomes higher. (b) diffuses
(vii) Bronchiole
(viii) Alveolus

© Global Mediastreet Sdn. Bhd. (762284-U) A3

2 (d) The circulatory system of the
individual needs to work faster to
Occurs when plants carry Occurs during hot weather send oxygen and other necessary
out photosynthesis. and night time. substances to body cells so that more
energy can be generated to carry out
the activity.
5 (a) Sphygmomanometer device
(b) 100/55 mm Hg
Water enters the guard Water enters the guard 6 (a) (i) Pulse is produced by the
cell via osmosis. Stoma cell via osmosis. Stoma contraction and relaxation
becomes turgid. becomes flaccid. of the muscles in the artery
wall.
(ii)

3 (a) Acid rain Individual Resting pulse

(b) To expel waste products that are toxic
(b) Plants become infertile to the body.
(c) To transport necessary substances P: 5-year-old child 80 beats/ minute
KBAT CORNER for plants.
Oil palm yields will be reduced. When smoke Q: Adult male 70 beats/ minute
and dust fill the air space in the oil palm 3.2
plantation or cover the surface of oil palm 1 (a) Both systems are closed circulatory
leaves, the light intensity received by the system. / The blood flows in the R: Adult female 95 beats/ minute
leaves will be reduced. This led to the decrease blood vessels continuously through
in the rate of photosynthesis and affecting the heart to the entire body and (b) P, R, Q
the production of oil palm fruit. returns to the heart. (c) (i) The smaller is the size of the
(b) (i) The heart of animal X does not heart, the lower is the pulse
PISA/ TIMSS CORNER have septum but the heart of rate.
3 He experiences difficulty in breathing animal Y has septum. (ii) A small-sized heart pumps
(ii) The heart of animal X has 2 smaller amount of blood
atria and 1 ventricle while the compared to a bigger size
In order to inhale or exhale, air pressure inside
heart of animal Y has 2 atria and heart. Therefore, the small-
the thoracic cavity must be lower or higher sized heart has to pump blood
than the atmospheric pressure. If there is a 2 ventricles.
at a faster rate. This causes the
hole in the chest, the air pressure inside the (c) The blood circulatory system of pulse rate to be high.
thoracic cavity will be equal to the atmospheric animal Y is more efficient because (d) His resting pulse rate will
pressure. Thus, breathing becomes difficult the oxygenated blood is completely decrease.
for the patient. separated from the deoxygenated (e) − Types of activity done
blood. − Age
SUMMATIVE PRACTICE 2 (d) (i) Y − Gender
1 (a) Exhalation (ii) Y − Body health
(b) (i) 3 (iii) X
(ii) 7 (iv) X PAK-21 ACTIVITY
(iii) 3 2 (a) To allow the flow of blood in one Student’s answers
(iv) 7 direction only.
2 (a) The concentration of oxygen (b) (i) Aorta 3.3
in the inhaled air is higher than (ii) Superior vena cava 1 (a) X: Blood plasma
the concentration of oxygen (iii) Right atrium Y: White blood cells and
in the blood. This causes the (iv) Right ventricle platelets
oxygen to enter the blood capillary (v) Inferior vena cava Z: Red blood cells
through diffusion. (vi) Pulmonary artery (b) (i) 3 (iv) 7
(b) Oxygen (vii) Pulmonary vein (ii) 7 (v) 7
+ Oxyhaemoglobin (viii) Left atrium (iii) 3
Haemoglobin (ix) Left ventricle (c) 1. Nutrient
3 (a) Emphysema 3 (a) Artery 2. Hormone // Gas
(b) 1. Arsenic // Nicotine (b) Capillaries 3. Enzyme //
2. Cyanide // Toluene (c) Vein Excretory products
2 (a) (i) Blood group A
CONSTRUCTING TARSIA MAP (ii) Blood group B
CHAPTER 3 See page A13 (iii) Blood group O
(b) (i) No antibodi
4 (a) (i) Pulmonary circulatory system (ii) Anti-A and anti-B
3.1
(ii) Systematic circulatory system (c) (i) Death
1 (a) M: Oxygen (b) Blood flows through the heart twice
N: Carbon dioxide (ii) Individual with blood group A
in one complete circulation.
(b) Amoeba (c) The time for a complete circulation has antigen A. Blood group B
(c) No. The diffusion that occurs is becomes shorter in his circulatory consists of anti-A antibodies.
slow in the crocodile as it has large system. When blood groups A and B
volume. The crocodile requires a (d) The circulatory system of the mixed up, the anti-A antibodies
specific transport system to transport individual needs to work faster to in blood group B will attack
necessary substances and waste send oxygen and other necessary the antigen A in the blood of
products. substances to body cells to generate the individual. This causes
2 (a) To transport nutrient and oxygen in more energy to carry out the agglutination thus leads to
cellular respiration. activity. death.

© Global Mediastreet Sdn. Bhd. (762284-U) A4

3 (a) dissolve minerals from the roots to
Recipient’s blood group the other parts of the tree are not
Donor’s blood group removed.
A B AB O
3.5
A 3 7 3 7 (a) heart, valve
(b) complex
B 7 3 3 7 (c) without
(d) arteries, capillaries and veins
AB 7 7 3 7 (e) water, nutrients
(f) xylem, phloem
O 3 3 3 3 (g) continuous
(h) continuously
(b) Blood group O because it can be donated to all types of blood group. (i) xylem, phloem
(c) Blood group AB because it can receive all types of blood group.
KBAT CORNER
STEM ACTIVITY
The phloem which transports sucrose is
(a) Both of his knees have blue-black marks.
located in the lower leaf surface. While the
(b) The blood capillaries underneath the skin is torn and experiences bleeding. Platelets gathered
xylem is located in the upper leaf surface.
at the wound area to clot the blood causing the skin to appear bruised.
Therefore, the aphids gathered on the
(c) Student’s answers
lower leaf surface to suck the sap in the leaf.
3.4
PISA/TIMSS CORNER
1 (a) Transpiration, water vapour, evaporation
(b) Guttation, liquid, hydathodes (a) The sitting position of the student
(c) Hydathode which is fixed and did not change
2 (a) for a long period of time prevents
(i) Transpiration occurs when water blood from flowing smoothly to the
evaporates from the leaf surface legs.
through stomata . (b) (ii) 3
(ii) Water flows up
the stem and SUMMATIVE PRACTICE 3
leaves
(a) Starting from the ends to the shoots,
the celery (in J) turns blue whereas the
(iii) Water from the soil is absorbed
celery (in K) turns red.
into the root cells by osmosis.
(b) Coloured water is absorbed from the
ends of the stems and transported
through the xylem until it reaches the
(b) The plant wilts 6 (a) To study the effect of humidity on shoots.
3 the transpiration rate. (c) Repeat the experiment outside the
Transpiration Guttation (b) Oil is used to prevent laboratory (under the Sun)
evaporation of water from the (d) The rate of transpiration increases when
(a) stoma hydathodes water surface in the conical the temperature and light intensity increase.
(b) daytime night flask. So, the coloured water will be absorbed
(c) Mass loss is more than 95 g. more quickly.
(c) water vapour liquid (d) Humidity in set-up Q is lower than
the humidity in set-up P because
4 (a) Stomatal pore
(b) Structure M allows transpiration to
the anhydrous calcium chloride in
set-up Q have absorbed all water
CHAPTER 4
be carried out
(c) (i) 3 vapour in the air in the plastic bag.
4.1
(ii) 3 Therefore, the transpiration rate is
1 (a) compound, crust
(d) P, S, R, Q higher for the plant in Q, thus the
(b) dissolve
(e) Plants require light to carry out water loss would be higher.
2 (a) Gold
photosynthesis. Structure M opens (b) Silver
when photosynthesis is carried out 7 (a)
(c) Platinum
thus its size increases. During Q, (d) Bauxite
the rate of photosynthesis is the (e) Metal sulphide
highest, therefore the size of M (f) Hematite
Swollen
is the biggest. During R, the light 3 (a) Lead 3
intensity is low while during S, Sulphur 3
the light intensity is blocked by (b) Aluminium 3
the clouds. Therefore, the rate of Oxygen 3
photosynthesis is low in these two (c) Oxygen 3
conditions. During P, photosynthesis (b) Since the phloem part has been
Silicon 3
does not occur thus the size of M is removed, food substances are stuck
(d) Iron 3
the smallest since it is closed. and accumulated in the phloem
Sulphur 3
5 − Humidity above the cutting region causing
4 (a) (iv)
− Light intensity swelling in that region. (b) (i)
− Temperature (c) The tree is still alive because the (c) (iii)
− Air movement xylems that transport water and (d) (ii)

© Global Mediastreet Sdn. Bhd. (762284-U) A5

PAK-21 ACTIVITY (c) The volume of gas increases with the 4. Place the plastic bag into the
Student’s answers time of reaction. freezer and it will freeze into cool
(d) Metal T is more reactive than zinc pack.
4.2 because the rate of reaction is higher
1 Sodium, Magnesium, Zinc, Iron, Tin, than zinc. KBAT CORNER
Lead, Copper, Silver 2 (a) Totally agree. Opening new mines
Ammonium chloride and distilled water.
2 (b) 3 involves the use of large area.
(d) 3 The temperature after the reaction
Flora and fauna will be destroyed.
(e) decreases.
3 Animals lost their habitat. This
3 (a) To supply oxygen situation will affect the food web PISA/TIMSS CORNER
(b) It will burn with white sparkle glow. and food chain thus affecting the
(c) Magnesium is very reactive towards (a) A
ecosystem.
oxygen. (b) During respiration, glucose and oxygen
(b) − Replanting trees at the mining
(d) Explosion will occur. are used to produce energy. Carbon
area
dioxide and water are produced while
− Develop closed mining areas as
4.3 heat is released in this reaction.
recreational parks
1 (a) (i) Iron ore
(ii) Limestone SUMMATIVE PRACTICE 5


(b) As reducing agent
(c) (i) Iron + Carbon dioxide
CHAPTER 5 1 (a) (i) The temperature increases
during the reaction.
(ii) Iron + Carbon dioxide (ii) Exothermic reaction
5.1
(iii) Calcium silicate (b) (i) absorbed
1 (a) Chemical reaction that absorbs heat
2 (a) Water pollution (ii) heat
from the surrounding.
(b) Air pollution 2 (a) Exothermic reaction
(b) Chemical reaction that releases heat
(c) Destruction of habitat (b) 1. Boiling an egg
to the surrounding.
(d) Noise pollution 2. Neutralisation
2 (a) Exothermic reaction
(e) Soil erosion (c) (ii) 3
(b) Endothermic reaction
(c) Endothermic reaction (iv) 3
KBAT CORNER (d) Exothermic reaction
(d) Endothermic reaction
Zinc oxide reacts with carbon and releases (e) Exothermic reaction
carbon dioxide while there is no reaction (f) Exothermic reaction
between aluminium oxide and carbon when
heated. Carbon can eliminate oxygen in
3 (a) Endothermic reaction
(b) Ammonium chloride/ Sodium
CHAPTER 6
zinc oxide but cannot eliminate oxygen in hydroxide 6.1
aluminium oxide. Therefore, carbon is more (c) Photosynthesis 1 non-renewable
reactive than zinc and less reactive than 4 (a) Photosynthesis (a) (i) Hydro
aluminium. (b) Endothermic reaction (ii) Wave
(c) This process absorbs light energy (iii) Geothermal
PISA/TIMSS CORNER from the surrounding. (iv) Solar
− Study the reaction between metals 5 (a) Heat is absorbed from the (v) Wind
and dilute acid. surrounding (b) Non-renewable energy source
− Metals which are located above hydrogen (b) Heat is released to the surrounding (i) Petroleum
in the reactivity series of metals will react (c) Involve energy changes (ii) Natural gas
with dilute acid and give off hydrogen (d) The surrounding temperature (iii) Coal
gas. decreases (iv) Diesel
− Reacts with dilute acid. (e) The surrounding temperature (v) Nuclear
Metals which are located below increases 3 (a) Hydroelectric
hydrogen in the reactivity series of 6 The temperature of the mineral water (i) Water, turbine
metals do not react with dilute acid. is higher than the temperature of ice (ii) Kinetic energy → Electric
cubes. When the ice cubes are added energy
SUMMATIVE PRACTICE 4 into the mineral water, heat energy from (b) Thermal
1 (a) (i) Hydrogen the mineral water is transferred to the (i) fuel, steam
(ii) Test with a burning wooden ice cubes thus the ice cubes melted. The (ii) Chemical energy → Kinetic
splinter and a ‘pop’ sound will temperature of mineral water decreases energy → Electric energy →
be heard. because heat is transferred to melt the Heat energy
(b) ice cubes. The temperature continues to (c) Wind energy
60 decrease until the thermal equilibrium in (i) Wind, turbine
which the temperature of mineral water is (ii) Kinetic energy → Electric
50 equal to the temperature of the melted ice energy
cubes. (d) Nuclear energy
Metal T
(i) Nuclear reaction, Heat, water,
Volume of gas/ cm3

40
STEM ACTIVITY steam, Steam
Zinc (a) Rubbing alcohol, distilled water (ii) Chemical energy → Kinetic
30
(b) 1. Measure 600 ml of distilled water and energy → Electric energy →
200 ml of rubbing alcohol by using Heat energy
20 separate measuring cylinders. 4 (a) Direct current
2. Pour the rubbing alcohol and distilled (b) Alternating current
10 water into a plastic bag with zipper. (c) Alternating current
Stir well the compound. (d) Direct current
3. Place the plastic bag with zipper into 5 (a) Electric current that flows only in
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 another plastic bag with zipper to one direction.
Time/ minutes avoid leaking.

© Global Mediastreet Sdn. Bhd. (762284-U) A6

 (b) Electric current that flows in 6.3 10 (a) an earth wire
directions that change continuously. 1 (a) 11 kV (b) a fuse
(b) 132 kV (c) excess current flow
6.2 (c) 132 kV 11 (a) Do not overload a power point
1 (a) (d) 240 V (b) Replace damaged electric wire
(e) 11 kV immediately
d.c power
(f) 33 kV (c) Do not repair electrical appliances
supply
(g) 415 V without qualification
(h) 11 kV (d) Always ensure that the chords and
(i) 415 V or 240 V plug are not loose
(j) 240 V (e) Does not pull the wire when removing
a plug
Bulbs (i) Transformer station (f) Do not touch electrical appliances
(ii) National Grid Network with wet hand
(b) Modification: (iii) Main intake sub-station
Replace the battery with an alternating (iv) Heavy industry PAK-21 ACTIVITY
current power supply. (v) Distribution sub-station Student’s answers
(vi) Distribution sub-station
Reason: 2 (a) Live wire 6.4
Transformer only functions on (b) Neutral wire 1 (a) The percentage of input energy that
alternating current. (c) Main fuse is altered into beneficial output energy.
(d) Main switch (b) (ii) 3
PAK-21 ACTIVITY (iii) 3
(e) Circuit breaker
Student’s answers (f) Earth wire 2 (a) (i) Electric power
(g) Power circuit = 110 V ✕ 5.0 A
2 Similarities = 550 W
3 (a) Controls the current supply to all
(a) Alternating current (ii) Electric energy
circuits at home
(b) Iron core, primary coil, secondary = 550 W ✕ 30 ✕ 600
(b) Breaks the power supply from the
coil. = 990 kJ
main power
Differences (c) Breaks circuit if the current supply is (b) Electric power
too big = 1 200 W ✕ 2 hr
Step-up Step-down 4 (iii) = 2.4 kW
transformer transformer (i) (a) = 2.4 unit
(iv)
Cost of electricity used
(a) (b) = 2.4 unit ✕ 20 sen
(ii) (b) (v)
= 48 sen
5 (a) (i), (iv)
(b) (ii), (iii) KBAT CORNER
6 (a) Neutral wire (a) The individual may experience electric
(c) less (d) more (b) Earth wire shock.
(c) Live wire (b) Water can conduct electricity. Water may
(e) lower (f) higher (d) Fuse seeps into the switch and the current will
(i) Blue be conducted by the water to the hand that
(g) greater (h) smaller (ii) Yellow and green stripes is in contact with the switch.
(iii) Brown
3 (a) Step-up transformer PISA/TIMSS CORNER
(b) Step-down transformer SCIENCE IN DAILY LIFE
(a) Yes
The appliance will function as the wire that is (b) No
PAK-21 ACTIVITY
not connected is the earth wire. The function
Student’s answers of the earth wire is to allow the overflown SUMMATIVE PRACTICE 6
Np Vp current to be earthed thus the electric shock 1 (a) P: Renewable
4 = can be prevented. The disconnection of the Q: Non-renewable
Ns Vs
earth wire in a 3-pin plug makes an electrical (b) P. The energy from the Sun is easily
appliance unsafe to use. obtained, does not replenish after
Np = Number of turns in the primary coil
used, requires less cost compared
Ns = Number of turns in the secondary coil 7 (a) thin wire, low
to Q which is costly and harmful to
(b) safety
Vp = Input voltage humans.
(c) (i) breaks off electric circuit
(c) Their countries hardly obtain other
Vs = Output voltage (ii) Conducts current from
alternative energy which is cheaper.
appliances directly to the Earth
5 (a) (i) 1 500 = 250 V 2 (a)
8 (a) Cartridge fuse 3
Ns 6V (b) Replaceable wire fuse 3
Ns = 36 900 W
9 (a) Current = 120 V
(ii) Step-up transformer
= 7.5 V
(b)
(i) B2
Np Vp Rating of fuse = 10 A
(ii) Ns
=
Vs
(b)
Current
1 500 W = 1 200 W
(b) Current = 120 V 230 V
2 000 = 12 V
800 Vs = 12.5 V = 5.2 A

Rating of fuse = 13 A Fuse rating = 10 A
Vs = 4.8 V

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 Kinetic energy PAK-21 ACTIVITY
CHAPTER 7 = 1 mv2 Student’s answers
2
7.1
1 (a) → (ii)


=
1
2( ) ✕ 3 000 ✕ 202
KBAT CORNER
(a) Potential energy Kinetic energy
(b) → (i) = 600 000 J Potential energy
(c) → (iii) 7 Kinetic energy of Kok Poh
2 (a) Work done (b) S will stop first. A lot of energy is used

( )
1 to overcome friction. Cooking oil has the
110 = mv2
= (25 ✕ 10) N ✕ 100 m 2 biggest friction.

= 275 J 1
= ✕ 55 ✕ 3.62
(b) Work done = 1 530 J 2 PISA/TIMSS CORNER
60 ✕ s = 1 530 = 356.4 J
s = 25.5 m Situation Work is not done
Kinetic energy of Thilaban
10 N ✕ 3.6 m
3 (a) Power =
4s = 1 mv2 (a) 3
2
= 9 W (b)
1 3
(b) Work done = ✕ 70 ✕ 2.52
2 (c)
= (55 ✕ 10) ✕ 3 3
= 218.75 J
= 1 650 J
The kinetic energy of Kok Poh is bigger SUMMATIVE PRACTICE 7
Power = Work done
than the kinetic energy of Thilaban. 1 (a) Work is the product of force and the
Time taken displacement in the direction of force.
7.3 (b) Work
165 W = 1 650 J

x 1 Energy can neither be created nor = Force ✕ Distance
destroyed but they can be changed from 2 250 = Force ✕ 50
x = 10 s
one form to another. 2 250
4 (a) The load in trolley P is more than the =
2 (a) Maximum gravitational potential 50
load in trolley Q. Therefore, the work
energy = loss of kinetic energy = 45 N
done by trolley P is more than that of
trolley Q. 1 2 2 Power
= mv

(b) Work done 2 = Work
= (35 ✕ 10) ✕ 22
= 7 700 J


=( ) (
1
2
✕
120
)
1 000
✕ 152


Time
= Gravitational potential energy
= 13.5 J Time

7.2 1 = mgh
1 (a) height, Earth (b) mgh = mv2 3
2

(b) elastic, compressed, stretched = 1 ✕ (4 ✕ 10 ✕ 1.2)
(c) kinetic, moving
2 Gravitational potential energy of box P


10 ✕ h = ( )
1
2
✕ 152 3
= 16 W
= mgh h = 11.25 m 3 (a) Elastic potential energy
= 40 ✕ 10 ✕ 6 3 Kinetic energy gained = Potential energy 1 Fx
=
= 2 400 J lost 2

Gravitational potential energy of box Q

2
1
mv2 = mgh
= 1
()
2
✕ 25 ✕ ( ) 6
100
= mgh = 0.75 J
v2 = 2gh
= 25 ✕ 10 ✕ 14
= 3 500 J = 2 ✕ 10 ✕ 8 (b) Kinetic
energy = 1 mv2
2
Box Q has larger gravitational potential v = √160 1 2
= 12.65 m s-1 mv = 0.75
energy than that of box P. 2
3 Gravitational potential energy
= mgh
4 (a) Loss in gravitational potential energy
= mgh
1
2
✕ ( )
30
1 000
✕ v2 = 0.75

= (
1 000 )
450 ✕ 10 ✕ 8 = 8 ✕ 10 ✕ (25 − 10)
= 1 200 J


v2 = 50
v = 7.071 m s-1
= 3 500 J (b) Kinetic energy gained (c) No loss of energy in the system
4 Elastic potential energy 1 2
= 2 mv
= 1 Fx
2
( )
1
= 2 ✕ 8 ✕ 15.52 CHAPTER 8
( ) ( )

1 ✕ 40 ✕ 8
= = 961 J
2 100 8.1
(c) Some energy is used to overcome
= 1.6 J 1 (a) → (iii)
friction. Some energy is lost as sound
5 Elastic potential energy (b) → (i)
energy and heat energy.
1 (c) → (ii)
= Fx 5 Kinetic energy gained = Potential energy
2 2 (a) Radioactivity is a random and

( )
lost
1 spontaneous decay process of an
0.54 J = ✕ 180 ✕ x 1 2
2 mv = mgh unstable nucleus into a more stable
0.54 ✕ 2 2 nucleus through the emission of
= v2 = 2gh
180 radioactive radiations.
= 0.006 m = 2 ✕ 10 ✕ 12.8 (b) 1. Alpha radiation
= 0.6 cm = 256 2. Beta radiation
3. Gamma ray
72 000 m v = √ 256
6 72 km j-1 → (c) (i) Curie, Ci 3
3 600 s (iv) Becquerel, Bq 3
= 16 m s-1
→ 20 m s-1

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3 (a) Half-life is the time taken for the exceeds the safe background radiation dose
Reactivity (Bq)
reactivity or the number of nucleus which is <0.2 μSv/h. This shows that the
that have not disintegrate to become area is exposed to radioactive source. If the 160 ×
half of its original number. mining activity is continued, the workers may
(b) 140
8 days 8 days 8 days be at risk of having health problem such as
80 g 40 g 20 g 10 g cancer. 120

The mass of Iodine-131 left = 10 g 100

8.4
(c)
Iron-59 80
1 (a) age
(b) Beta radiation, thickness
8.2 60
(c) fertilisers
1 (a) Dalton’s, smallest 40 ×
(d) Gamma radiation, preservation
(b) neutral
(e) cancerous, radiotherapy 20 ×

ACTIVITY PAK-21 (f) Sodium-24, clot Time (min)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
2 (a) Thick lead wall will prevent users
Student’s answers
from being exposed to the radiation • Therefore, T 1 = 15 minutes.
2 (a) P. The number of protons is similar to emitted by the radioactive radiation. 2

the number of electrons. (b) Robotic hand SUMMATIVE PRACTICE 8

(b) Q and S. The number of protons Robotic hand is handled using remote 1 (a) P : 512 → 256 → 128 → 64 →
exceeds the number of electrons. control to allow scientists to handle 32 → 16 → 8 → 4 → 2 → 1
(c) R and T. The number of electrons radioactive substance without being Q : 8 → 4 → 2 → 1
exceeds the number of protons. near to the source of radioactive
After 27 minutes, the mass of P = the
substances.
mass of Q = 1 g.
8.3 (c) Film badge
(b) A calcium atom donates two electrons.
1 Ionising radiation The badge detects the radioactive
This causes the calcium ion to have
• X-ray radiation dose being absorbed by the
20 protons and 18 electrons. The
• Alpha radiation body.
number of protons exceeds the number
• Gamma ray
of electrons by 2. Therefore, the
• Beta radiation SCIENCE IN DAILY LIFE
calcium ion has a +2 charge.
Substance Q. The half-life of substance Q (c) (i) Alpha radiation
Non-ionising radiation
is neither too short nor too long. During (ii) Moderate
• Visible light
the detection of pipe leakage, radioactive 2 (a) Beta radiation has moderate
• Infrared
substance will be added into the water in penetrating and ionisation powers
• Radio wave
the pipe. The presence of the radioactive which are possible enough to
• Microwave
substance in the water should not remain penetrate the bottle and less dangerous
2 Alpha radiation, α → Beta radiation, β →
for a very long time so that it would not to users.
Gamma ray, γ
harm the consumers who are using the (b) When the bottle is fully filled, the
3 (a) (i) β
(ii) γ water. meter of the detector will show a
(iii) α lower reading. When the bottle is not
(b) PAK-21 ACTIVITY fully filled, the meter of the detector
Student’s answers will show a higher reading. The bottle
α β γ will be rejected by the quality control
KBAT CORNER unit.
(i) Helium Fast moving Electromagnetic (c) The radioactive substance that emits
nucleus electrons wave Percentage of atoms that have not decayed
= 100% − 93.75% alpha radiation is used in the smoke
= 6.25% detector. The alpha radiation paths
(ii) Positive Negative No charge in the air is short. Therefore, this
T1 T1 T1 T1
radiation does not affect the health
(iii) High Moderate Low 100% → 2
50% → 2
25% → 2
12.5% → 2
6.25%
of its users if it is installed on high
Time taken ground.
(iv) Low Moderate High
= 4 × T1
4 (a) natural, man-made
9
2

(b) natural = 4 × 35 min CHAPTER

= 140 min
(ii) Background radiation
9.1
(c) man-made PISA/TIMSS CORNER 1 (a) Corona
(ii) Nuclear accident
• When t = 0 minute, (b) Chromosphere
(d) high energy, outside the Solar System
Reactivity = 160 Bq. (c) Photosphere
or another galaxy
• The reactivity will become half the (d) Convection zone
5 (a) dose (e) Radiation zone
original value of reactivity at T 1 .
(b) joule, kilogram 2 (f) Core
(c) background • Thus, reactivity of Q at T 1 2 (a) (i) Prominence
6 Dose of radioactive radiations
2
1 (ii) Granule
= 55mSv/ cigarette = × original reactivity of Q
2 (iii) Solar flares
1 (iv) Sunspots
Total dose = 2 × 160 Bq
(b) Sunspots are formed when the clumps
= 5 × 7 × 55 mSv = 80 Bq of hot gas from the core of the Sun
= 1 925 mSv • From the graph, the time taken for are prevented from appearing on the
reactivity of surface of the photosphere by the solar
SCIENCE IN DAILY LIFE
Q to become 80 Bq = 15 minutes. magnetic field. It appears as a darker
The management needs to stop the mining area than other areas due to lower
activity in the area. The reading obtained temperature.

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3 (a) Solar flares (ii) To take photos from outer
(c) Space Helps astronomers
(b) Core telescope to discover objects space and send them back to
(c) Solar cycle in the space the Earth.
(d) Coronal mass ejection
(d) Space shuttle To carry astronauts PRACTICAL
(e) Solar wind
and their supplies
4 The light intensity of the corona and to the space station ACTIVITY 1.1
the chromosphere are very low compared
3 (a) Galileo telescope Observation:
to the light emitted by the Sun. Therefore, Student’s answers
the two layers are only visible when the (b) Hubble space telescope
Sun is blocked by the Sun. (c) Spitzer space telescope Discussion:
5 (a) Magnetosphere (d) Radiotelescope 1. Fingertips and lips
(b) Become a shield that protects the 4 Geology 2. (a) Thickness of epidermis layer: the
Earth from the effects of dangerous To detect location with mineral resources thicker the epidermis layer, the lesser
particles from the Sun. the sensitivity of the skin.
Agriculture
(b) Amount of receptors: the higher the
9.2 To determine suitable areas to conduct
amount of receptors, the higher the
1 Space weather is a change of environmental agricultural development
sensitivity of the skin
conditions in areas closed to the Earth or Defence
Conclusion:
the region from the Sun atmosphere to the To detect intrusion from enemies through
1. touch
Earth atmosphere. air and land
2. fingertips, lips
2 (a) (i) Aurora
SCIENCE IN DAILY LIFE 3. elbows, back of the neck, foot soles, arms
(ii) The phenomenon occurs
when charged gas particles The GPS is the global positioning system. ACTIVITY 1.2
in the solar winds react with Global positioning system is a navigation Observation:
the atoms and molecules in system using satellites. GPS on the satellite Student’s answers
the Earth’s atmosphere. The will transmit its position continually and Discussion:
magnetic gas particles from the signal will be received by the GPS 1. To remove all the tastes that present in the
the coronal mass ejection also receiver. In order to function effectively, mouth previously.
lead to this phenomenon. it requires unobstructed view of the sky. 2. (a) Student’s answers
(b) No. because aurora usually occurs in 5 1. Environment (b) The sensitivity of the tongue
the North Pole or the South Pole. 2. Agriculture depends on the number of receptors
3. Forestry
present.
KBAT CORNER 4. Geology
3. D (Umami)
6 1. Migrating to a new planet
The number of sunspots increases. Conclusion:
2. Finding more resources from other
planets five, number of taste receptors
PISA/TIMSS CORNER
3. Finding new sources of food and ACTIVITY 1.3
(a) Coronal mass ejection/ Solar flares water from other planets Observation:
(b) The geomagnetic storm in Q is 3 Student’s answers
stronger than the geomagnetic KBAT CORNER
Discussion:
torm in P. (a) X: Rocket 1. Taste
Y: Space shuttle 2. The taste of the food cannot be identified
SUMMATIVE PRACTICE 9 (b) Y can be used to travel multiple trips. properly.
1 (a) The number of Sunspots increases to Y is cheaper than X.
Conclusion:
the highest peak. This shows that the
taste, smell
Sun is in the most active phase in the PISA/TIMSS CORNER
solar cycle. If there is no satellite in this world, then EXPERIMENT 1.1
(b) The graph continues to decline there will be no communication satellites Observation:
until it reaches a minimum level in and we would not be able to communicate A 1
2020. effectively.
(c) Sunspots affect the weather patterns Without weather satellites, there would be Beaker M
on the Earth directly. little or no warning of disasters such as
typhoons and tornadoes that would cause 2
thousands of deaths.
CHAPTER 10 Beaker N
SUMMATIVE PRACTICE 10
10.1
1 (a) Claudius Ptolemy 1 (a) Satellite
(b) Nicolaus Copernicus (b) Rocket and space shuttle
(c) Locate natural resources such B 1
2 Nicolaus Copernicus, heliocentric, Sun
as petroleum and minerals/
10.2 Beaker P
Monitor and map forests/Detect
1 (a) USSR Sputnik soil conditions/ Detect and
(b) Neil Armstrong monitor oil spill and forest fires
(c) TiungSAT-1 (any one answer) 2
2 Name Function (d) Transmit signals for television,
Beaker Q
radio, telephone and other
(a) Space probe Collects and
send information communication systems/ Weather
about the space forecasting.
C
constituent 2 (a) (i) Radio telescope
(ii) Hubble space telescope
(b) Space station Floats in space to
allow astronauts to (b) (i) Q 3
carry out scientific (ii) Solar energy
investigation in the (c) (i) To detect and collect the radio
space waves from the outer space.

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Discussion: EXPERIMENT 3.1 (c) Constant:
A 1. (a) The source of light Variables: Type of plant, humidity, light
(b) To obtain sunlight for (a) Manipulated: intensity, presence of wind
photosynthesis Type of activity
Results:
2. (a) Away from the source of light (b) Responding:
Student’s answers
(b) To avoid being dried up Pulse rate
(c) Constant: D Hypothesis:
B 1. To absorb moisture in the air Duration of activity faster, higher
2. (b) Enable the roots of plants to seek
underground water Observation: Variables:
Student’s answers (a) Manipulated:
C 1. To prevent the results of the Discussion: Presence of wind
experiment being affected by 1. The pulse rate increases (b) Responding:
sunlight or phototropism 2. Rest Rate of transpiration
2. To ensure the roots of plants grow 3. (a) The higher is the pulse rate, the higher (c) Constant:
deeply into the soil and gain support is the oxygen intake and the carbon Type of plant, humidity, surrounding
and water supply. dioxide release. temperature, light intensity
Conclusion: (b) The pulse rate is higher during active Results:
1. sunlight activity compared to the normal pulse Student’s answers
2. gravity, water rate. This is because during active
activity, the heart rate is higher to Discussion:
EXPERIMENT 2.1 pump oxygen to the entire body. The 1. (a) greater
A Results: rate of oxygen intake and carbon (b) open wider
Student’s answers dioxide release are higher during 2. (a) absorb moisture
active activity. (b) greater
Discussion:
4. The pulse rate will be higher than the pulse (c) evaporation
1. Combustion uses oxygen. A lighted
rates recorded in the table. 3. (a) greater
candle shows that there is oxygen in
(b) energy, evaporate
inhaled and exhaled air. Conclusion: 4. (a) greater
2. Inhaled air. The increase in water level in The pulse rate will increase when carrying out (b) more
the gas jar is higher. active physical activities.
Conclusion:
Conclusion:
EXPERIMENT 3.2 Light intensity, surrounding temperature
The percentage of the composition of oxygen A Hypothesis: and air movement increase, the humidity
in inhaled air is higher than the percentage increases increases
of composition of oxygen in exhaled air.
Hypothesis is accepted. Variables: ACTIVITY 3.1
(a) Manipulated: Observation:
B Hypothesis: Light intensity
higher (b) Responding:
Rate of transpiration Red
Results:
(c) Constant:
Inhaled air A little cloudy Type of plant, humidity, surrounding
temperature, presence of wind Root
Exhaled air Very cloudy Red
Results: Red
Student’s answers

Discussion:
B Hypothesis:
1. Colourless Cloudy
decreases Stem Leaf
2. Exhaled air
Conclusion: Variables: Discussion:
exhaled air, inhaled air (a) Manipulated: 1. To show parts of plants that transport
Humidity water
EXPERIMENT 2.2 (b) Responding: 2. xylem
Observation: Rate of transpiration
Student’s answers Conclusion:
(c) Constant:
xylem
Results: Type of plant, surrounding
temperature, light intensity, presence
(i) remains the same remains the same ACTIVITY 3.2
of wind
Observation:
(ii) turns dark/ turns red Results:
brownish Student’s answers

C Hypothesis:
Discussion:
increases
1. Acidic. Litmus solution turns red.
2. Tar Variables:
3. Arsenic//Butane (a) Manipulated:
Surrounding temperature
Conclusion:
(b) Responding: Conclusion:
tar, acidic substances
Rate of transpiration phloem

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ACTIVITY 4.1 Discussion: EXPERIMENT 6.1
Observation: 1. (a) Zinc + carbon dioxide Hypothesis:
(b) No reaction 1. higher
Magnesium Burns vigorously with very (c) Lead + carbon dioxide 2. lower
bright flame 2. Lead
Observation:
Aluminium Burns quickly with bright Zinc
flame Brightness of bulb
Carbon
Zinc Burns quickly with bright X Y
flame Aluminium
3. more, remove oxygen Bright Dim
Iron Glows very brightly Conclusion: Dim Bright
zinc, aluminium
Lead Glows brightly
Discussion:
EXPERIMENT 5.1
1. Alternating current
Discussion: Variables:
1. To separate potassium manganate(VII) (a) Manipulated: Type of substances used 2. Type of Difference in
crystal from the metal. (b) Responding: Temperature of reaction transformer voltage
2. (a) Magnesium oxide (c) Constant: The volume of substances used
(b) Aluminium oxide Step-down Vs < Vp
(c) Zinc oxide Observation:
(d) Iron oxide Student’s answers Step-up Vs > Vp
(e) Lead oxide
3. Lead → Iron → Zinc → Aluminium → Discussion:
Conclusion:
Magnesium 1. Endothermic Exothermic higher, lower
reaction reaction
Conclusion:
1. metal oxide ACTIVITY 7.1
Ammonium Hydrochloric
2. Magnesium, aluminium, zinc, iron, lead acid and sodium Observation:
chloride and
hydroxide Student’s answers
distilled water
ACTIVITY 4.2
Results: Discussion:
Sodium Hydrochloric 1. Activity A
Reactivity hydroxide and acid and sodium 2. Activity A:
Mixture Observation
of carbon distilled water hydrogen Frictional force
(i) Burns fairly Carbon is less carbonate
bright reactive than Activity B:
zinc 2. Endothermic reaction is the reaction Gravitational force
involves increase in temperature at the end Conclusion:
(ii) No reaction Carbon

▲
of reaction. 1. force, distance
is more
Exothermic reaction is the reaction that 2. rate of doing work
reactive than
aluminium involves decrease in temperature at the end
of reaction.
(iii) Burns brightly Carbon is less
reactive than Conclusion:
lead absorbs heat from the surrounding, releases
heat to the surrounding

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 ▲▲▲
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© Global Mediastreet Sdn. Bhd. (762284-U)

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CONSTRUCTING TARSIA MAP (Page 43)

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