Professional Documents
Culture Documents
LINEAR MODULATION
A: DSB-SC
B: AM
CONTINUOUS WAVE (CW)
MODULATION
• Denote m(t) as the analog signal to be transmitted.
• The message signal m(t) is transmitted through the
communication channel by putting it on a carrier signal of the
form
c(t ) Ac cos(2f ct c )
2
Ac
2
X ( f f c ) e j c X ( f f c ) e j c
DSB-SC Signal in frequency Domain
|X(f)| (f)
upper sideband
upper sideband
lower sideband
Bandwidth: B=2W
DSB-SC Signal in time Domain
u(t)
????????
• The magnitude of the spectrum of the message signal x(t) has
been translated or shifted in frequency by an amount f c
1 T /2
Ru ( ) lim u (t )u (t )dt
T T T / 2 ????
• Which can be shown to be given by:
A2c
Ru ( ) Rx ( ) cos(2f c )
2
• Taking Fourier transform of both sides:
Ac2 Ac2
Su ( f ) F Rx ( ) cos(2f c ) S x ( f f c ) S x ( f f c )
2 4
• The power spectral density of the DSB-SC signal is the power spectral density of
the message shifted upward and downward by and scaled byf c
Ac2 / 4
• The power of the modulated signal Ac2 Ac2
P u Ru (0) Rx (0) Px
• where is the power of the message signal
2 2
• Px Rx (0)
1B. Conventional Amplitude Modulation, AM
• A conventional AM signal consists of a large carrier
component in addition to the double sideband AM
modulated signal. The transmitted signal can be expressed
as
mX n ( f )
2
Ac jc
e ( f f c ) e j c ( f f c )
Ac jc
2
e ( f f c ) e j c ( f f c )
2
Ac jc
e mX n ( f f c ) e jc ( f f c )
e jc mX n ( f f c ) e jc ( f f c )
Bandwidth: B=2W
• Example: Single Tone Modulation.
• Suppose that the modulating signal xn (t
is )a sinusoid of the form
xn (t ) cos(2f mt ) f m f c
Determine the DSB AM signal, its upper and lower sidebands, and its spectrum,
assuming a modulation index of m.
Ac am
cos(2 ( f c f m )t c )
2
uppersidebandcomponent
• The spectrum of the DSB AM signal
U( f )
2
Ac jc
e ( f f c ) e jc ( f f c )
Ac m jc
4
e ( f f c f m ) e jc ( f f c f m )
Ac m jc
4
e ( f f c f m ) e jc ( f f c f m )
m m m m
Ac2 Ac2 2
Pu Px m Pxn ......... DSB SC
2 2
Ac2 Ac2 2
Pu m Pxn ...... AM
2 2
generate a product of
the m(t) with the
carrier
PROVE!
Balanced Modulator for DSB-SC.
vo (t ) m(t )c(t )
The switching of
the diodes is
controlled by a
carrier wave of
frequency fc,