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Chapter 42: Introduction to selected homologous series (c) 2,3-dibromobutamide (d) 2-methylpropyl
A B C D A B C D A B C D 2-methylpropanoate
12 15 18 (i) (i)
13 16 19
14 17
(10)
(a) (b) (c) (ii)
(ii)
4-chloropentan-2-one 5-chloropent-3-enal
(20)
(11) (a) CH3COOCH2CH2CH(CH3)2 (1)
(a) 2-bromo-1,3-dichlorobut-2-ene (b) 2,4-dichlorobut-2-enoic acid
(i) (i) (b) 3-methylbutan-1-ol (1)
(c) Both isoamyl acetate and many organic solvents are relatively (1)
non-polar compounds.
Their molecules are held together by weak intermolecular (1)
(ii) (ii) forces/van der Waals’ forces.
(d) Isoamyl acetate has distinctive odour/ it is non-toxic. (1)
St Louis School page.2
(22)
(21)
(a) Isopropyl alcohol (1)
(a) CH3(CH2)2CONH2 and CH3(CH2)3OH (1)
(2) (b) This is because it can be used as a disinfectant, which can kill germs (1)
and bacteria.
(d) This is because acetone molecules can form hydrogen bonds with (1)
water molecules.
(1)
(e) Propan-2-ol molecules are held together mainly by (stronger) hydrogen (1)
bonds, while acetone molecules are held together by weak van der
+ at H and at O and N Waals’ forces only.
(b) Increasing order of boiling points:
CH3(CH2)2CH3 < CH3(CH2)3Cl < CH3(CH2)3OH < CH3(CH2)2CONH2. (1) The intermolecular forces between propan-2-ol molecules are stronger
than those between acetone molecules. More energy is needed to separate
Both CH3(CH2)2CH3 molecules and CH3(CH2)3Cl molecules are held together
by weak van der Waals’ forces only. the molecules of propan-2-ol during boiling.
-The strength of van der Waals’ forces increases with the molecular size.
-As the molecular size of CH3(CH2)3Cl is larger, the van der Waals’ forces
between the molecules are stronger. So, the boiling point of CH3(CH2)3Cl is (1)
higher than that of CH3(CH2)2CH3.
CH3(CH2)3OH and CH3(CH2)3Cl have similar molecular sizes. But hydrogen
bonds in addition to weak van der Waals’ forces exist among CH3(CH2)3OH (1)
molecules.
- The intermolecular forces between CH3(CH2)3OH molecules are stronger.
Hence, CH3(CH2)3OH has a higher boiling point than CH3(CH2)3Cl.
Both CH3(CH2)2CONH2 molecules and CH3(CH2)3OH molecules are held
together mainly by hydrogen bonds.
- But CH3(CH2)2CONH2 can form more extensive hydrogen bonds among its (1)
own molecules than CH3(CH2)3OH. (no of H-bonds per molecule is not required)
The intermolecular forces of CH3(CH2)2CONH2 are stronger. Hence,
CH3(CH2)2CONH2 has the highest boiling point.