Advantages of Non-Probability Sampling:

1. **Cost and Time Efficiency:** Non-probability sampling methods are often quicker
and less expensive to implement compared to probability sampling methods

2. **Convenience:** Non-probability sampling methods are convenient and can be

easily implemented in situations where it is difficult or impractical to obtain a random
sample.

3. **Suitability for Exploratory Research:** Non-probability sampling methods are well-

suited for exploratory research, where the goal is to gain preliminary insights or
generate hypotheses.

4. **Focused Studies:** Non-probability sampling is useful when the research focuses

on a specific subgroup or rare characteristic within the population. This can help
researchers gain a deeper understanding of unique or unusual cases.

Disadvantages of Non-Probability Sampling:

1. **Sampling Bias:** Non-probability sampling methods are prone to sampling bias,

where the sample does not accurately represent the larger population.

2. **Lack of Statistical Inference:** Since non-probability sampling methods do not

provide a known probability of selection for each member of the population, it is difficult
to make valid statistical inferences or estimate population parameters based on the
sample.

3. **Difficulty in Replication:** Due to the lack of randomness and defined sampling

procedures, replicating the study using the same sample or comparing results across
studies becomes challenging.
4. **Limited Control:** Non-probability sampling methods may result in a lack of control
over potential confounding variables or other factors that could influence the study
outcomes.

5. **Ethical Concerns:** Non-probability sampling may lead to ethical concerns, such as

the potential for excluding certain groups or individuals from the study, or unintentionally
favoring certain groups over others.

6. **Limited Representativeness:** Non-probability sampling methods may not provide

an accurate representation of the population, making it difficult to generalize findings
beyond the sample.