Keeping The Republic Power and Citizenship in American Politics Brief Edition 7th Edition Barbour Test Bank Download

Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, by Christine Barbour and Gerald C.
Wright,
©2016, CQ Press
TESTBANK
Test Bank for Keeping the Republic Power and Citizenship

in American Politics Brief Edition 7th Edition Barbour
Wright 1506349951 9781506349954
Full download link at:
Test bank: https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-keeping-the-republic-
power-and-citizenship-in-american-politics-brief-edition-7th-edition-barbour-
wright-1506349951-9781506349954/
Chapter 7
The Presidency
Multiple Choice
1. According to the textbook, President Bush’s use of signing statements:

a. threatened the system of separation of powers
b. was a strictly ceremonial act with no significance
c. helped to clarify for executive agencies how they are to implement laws
d. created agreements between presidents and the heads of foreign governments
e. was a traditional action taken by presidents to signify their agreement with Congress
Ans: A
Answer Location: The Presidency
Learning Objective: LO 7-1
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Question Type: MC
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. According to the textbook, presidents have difficulty surviving two terms in office and
maintaining their popularity because:
a. the electoral system favors inexperienced presidential candidates
b. voter turnout is low
c. of congressional ineptitude
d. presidents have too little power to meet public expectations
e. of partisan political bickering
Ans: D
Answer Location: Going Public
Question Type: MC
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. The _________ dates from the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt

a. lowering of public demands on presidents
b. rise of corruption in the presidency
Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, by Christine Barbour and Gerald C. Wright,
©2016, CQ Press
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c. growth of power in state governments

d. rise of public expectations of the president
e. decrease in the president’s responsibility for economic prosperity
Ans: D
Answer Location: The Modern Presidency
Question Type: MC
4. Presidents are limited to two full terms in office by:

a. an act of Congress
b. a Supreme Court decision that interpreted Article II of the Constitution
c. custom
d. constitutional amendment
e. an executive order issued by President Harry Truman
Ans: D
Answer Location: Qualifications and Conditions of the Office
Question Type: MC
5. In most advanced industrial democracies, the role of head of government:

a. is performed by the prime minister
b. is united with the role of head of state
c. is performed by the president
d. has been eliminated
e. is shared among a set of executive-branch officials
Ans: A
Answer Location: Head of State vs Head of Government
Question Type: MC
6. According to the textbook, the framers adopted the Electoral College as a way to:
a. override the power of the judiciary
b. insulate the president from the masses
c. control unrestrained presidential power
d. make the president more dependent on Congress
e. imitate foreign democratic systems
Ans: B
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Answer Location: The Presidential Job Description

Question Type: MC
7. A major assumption that the founders had concerning the Electoral College was that electors
would:
a. be political party leaders
b. further the democratic goal of popular government
c. be chosen by the state legislatures
d. be leading citizens who could be trusted to exercise good judgment
e. represent the average citizen when picking a president
Ans: D
Answer Location: The Presidential Job Description
Question Type: MC
8. The presidential impeachment process is intended to remove sitting presidents for:

a. loss of support in Congress
b. ineffective leadership
c. waning public popularity
d. immoral behavior
e. treason, bribery, and high crimes and misdemeanors
Ans: E
Question Type: MC
9. The official constitutional grounds for presidential impeachment are:

a. all crimes, regardless of their severity
b. treason, bribery, and other high crimes and misdemeanors
c. bribery, incompetence, and contempt of Congress
d. not explicitly spelled out in the document
e. treason, abuse of power, and contempt of Congress
Ans: B
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Question Type: MC
10. Many observers have concluded that impeachment is not an effective check on presidents
because:
a. it is too easy for presidents to rally public opinion against the process
b. members of Congress will not use the process
c. the Supreme Court would probably overturn a president’s conviction
d. the process is too crippling for the government because it would bring governing to a halt and
would not be popular with the public
e. presidents are never likely to commit an impeachable offense
Ans: D
Answer Location: The Constitutional Powers of the President
Question Type: MC
11. The president’s cabinet is composed of the:

a. president’s party leadership
b. chairs of the congressional standing committees
c. appointees heading each of the 15 major departments in the executive branch
d. Joint Chiefs of Staff and state-level policy advisers
e. chief justice and several congressional leaders
Ans: C
Question Type: MC
12. The president’s power to act as chief executive of the federal government comes from all of
the following constitutional provisions EXCEPT the provision:
a. stating the executive power will be vested in a president
b. giving the president power to appoint heads of departments
c. stating that the president “shall take care that the laws are faithfully executed.”
d. requiring the heads of department to report to the president
e. stating the president is commander in chief of the armed forces
Ans: E
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Question Type: MC
13. Which of the following statements is true about the modern use of treaties and executive
agreements?
a. Executive agreements have been held unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in favor of treaties
b. The percentage of completed interstate negotiations that end in treaties and executive
agreements is about the same each year
c. Most completed international negotiations (over 90 percent) end in executive agreements rather
than treaties
d. Most completed international negotiations (over 90 percent) end in treaties rather than executive
agreements
e. About the same number of each is completed each year
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Question Type: MC
14. The significance of the president’s inherent powers is that they:

a. allow the president to fulfill the office of president as the founders intended
b. are unconstitutional according to the Supreme Court
c. have been used to expand the powers of the presidency beyond what is explicitly stated in the
Constitution
d. were commonly used by nineteenth-century presidents
e. were more often used in the nineteenth century by weak presidents
Ans: C
Question Type: MC
15. All of the following are roles of the President of the United States EXCEPT:
a. Commander in chief
b. Chief administrator
c. Chief foreign policy maker
d. Head of the EOP and OMB
e. Head justice of the Supreme Court
Ans: E
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Question Type: MC
16. Presidents must play their role as _____ in order to solve problems, but that requires them to
behave in ways that conflict with their role as __________
a. head of state, chief administrator
b. head of government, party chief
c. commander in chief, head of state
d. head of government, head of state
e. party chief, head of government
Ans: D
Question Type: MC
17. Presidents have been able to ignore the restrictions on their ability to go to war contained in
the War Powers Act because:
a. public opinion tends to rally around presidents when they deem military action necessary abroad,
and Congress has declined to challenge such presidents
b. congress has no power under the War Powers Act
c. congress can never agree on a course of action when it comes to military decisions
d. the provisions of the act are very vague and make it easy to ignore
e. everyone agrees the Supreme Court would probably declare the law unconstitutional if Congress
ever attempted to enforce it
Ans: A
Question Type: MC
18. Presidents’ authority over foreign and defense policy comes from all of the following
EXCEPT their power:
a. To declare war
b. As commander-in-chief of the armed forces
c. To negotiate treaties
d. To conclude executive agreements
e. To recognize ambassadors from other nations
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Ans: A
Question Type: MC
19. In the United States, treaties are negotiated by the president and require:
a. review by the Supreme Court before they can be implemented
b. no endorsement from any other government agency
c. two-thirds approval from the Senate
d. two-thirds approval from Congress
e. three-quarters approval from the cabinet prior to their submission to Congress
Ans: C
Question Type: MC
20. Pacts made by the president with another head of state that do not require Senate approval are
called:
a. Executive orders
b. Treaties
c. Executive agreements
d. International memos of understanding
e. Interstate protocols
Ans: C
Question Type: MC
21. All of the following statements concerning the president’s veto power are true EXCEPT:
a. Presidents have had the power of the line item veto since 1995
b. Congress is generally unsuccessful at overturning presidential vetoes
c. Presidents use the veto more frequently when their party does not control Congress
d. George W. Bush was the third president not to veto a bill in his first term
e. The threat of a veto is a powerful tool in presidential negotiations with Congress
Ans: A
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Question Type: MC
22. Among the president’s legislative powers are all of the following EXCEPT:
a. The line-item veto
b. The State of the Union address
c. Executive orders
d. The vice president’s role as presiding officer of the Senate
e. The presidential veto
Ans: A
Question Type: MC
23. According to the textbook, Congress:

a. overrides a majority of presidential vetoes
b. does not override presidential vetoes because Congress members do not feel it is worth their
time
c. overrides a presidential veto about half of the time
d. is rarely able to override a presidential veto
e. has not overridden a veto in the past fifteen years
Ans: D
Question Type: MC
24. All of the following statements concerning presidents’ judicial power are true EXCEPT:
a. Their power is very weak in the short run
b. They can have a tremendous long-term impact on the judiciary
c. Senior senators of the president’s party have a great deal of power over all of the president’s
judicial appointments
d. Presidents can try to influence the judiciary by having the solicitor general argue cases before
the court
e. The pardon power is a check on the judiciary
Ans: C
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Question Type: MC
25. The responsibilities of the solicitor general include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Serving as head of the Department of Justice
b. Deciding which cases to file with the Supreme Court for the government
c. Representing the government before the Supreme Court
d. Filing amicus curiae briefs with the Supreme Court
e. Serving as a bridge between the judiciary and the executive
Ans: A
Question Type: MC
26. Most of the strength of the modern presidency is based on the:

a. inherent powers of the president
b. increased media pressures on the president
c. special powers delegated to the president by Congress
d. explicit constitutional roles assigned to the president
e. “rally around the flag” effect during times of national crisis
Ans: A
Question Type: MC
27. Activist nineteenth-century presidents tended to claim that they were exercising:
a. powers granted to them explicitly in the Constitution
b. emergency powers granted by Congress
c. the will of the people
d. superior wisdom
e. inherent powers of the executive implied in the Constitution
Ans: E
Answer Location: The Traditional Presidency
Question Type: MC
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28. Inherent powers are the:

a. powers not explicitly stated in the Constitution
b. unwritten abilities of judges to issue contempt citations and bench warrants
c. powers granted to Congress by the necessary and proper clause
d. congressional powers to control the budget process
e. constitutional responsibilities of the cabinet members
Ans: A
Question Type: MC
29. Obama has continued to use signing statements in the following manner:
a. More than George W. Bush
b. Only slightly less than George W. Bush
c. Much less that George W. Bush and only on a limited basis to protect his constitutional
prerogatives
d. Not at all
e. With every law he has signed
Ans: C
Answer Location: The Battle Over Executive Authority Today
Question Type: MC
30. To pass their legislative agendas, presidents must __________ members of Congress to get
Congress to support their proposals
a. intimidate
b. threaten
c. bribe
d. persuade
e. punish
Ans: D
Answer Location: The Expectations Gap and the Need for Persuasive Power
Question Type: MC
©2016, CQ Press
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31. All of the following statements concerning the cycle effect are true EXCEPT:
a. It creates pressure for presidents to introduce their most important legislative proposals early in
their term
b. It results from the inevitable alienation of public support that accompanies the need for
presidents to make divisive decisions
c. It affects only presidents whose party does not control Congress
d. It can cause presidents with little experience in Washington politics to lose an opportunity for
maximum influence on the legislative process
e. Its effects are modified by the state of the economy and major events
Ans: C
Question Type: MC
32. The cycle effect refers to the tendency for presidents to:
a. undergo rapid changes in their popularity regardless of conditions in the nation
b. depend heavily on national emergencies to push their legislative agenda through Congress
c. experience predictable shifts in their popularity over the course of their presidency
d. start their first term with low popularity, which then increases as their legislative program is
enacted
e. have periods of very high and very low popularity at random intervals throughout their
presidency
Ans: C
Question Type: MC
33. The cycle effect on presidential popularity is caused by the:

a. fact the presidents always promise one thing while running but do something different when
governing
b. fickle nature of the American public
c. fact that presidents inevitably turn out to be just politicians
d. fact that almost every decision a president makes will be unpopular with some people, and the
number of people angry with him grows over time as he makes more decisions
e. fact that presidents can pay off their supporters and therefore their popularity almost always
goes up during their term
Ans: D
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Question Type: MC
34. The president’s public approval rating tends to be affected by all of the following EXCEPT:
a. The popularity of the first lady
b. The predictable rise and fall of a president’s popularity over a term in office
c. The state of the economy
d. Divisive events, such as conflict with Congress
e. Unifying events, such as the beginning of a war
Ans: A
Question Type: MC
35. Which of the following strategies do presidents NOT use to influence Congress?
a. Ignoring the “ratings game” and paying no heed to polls
b. Going public
c. Keeping the economy healthy
d. Using the power to persuade
e. Building coalitions with members of Congress
Ans: A
Answer Location: Working With Congress
Question Type: MC
36. The term legislative liaison refers to:

a. congressional leaders who have a close relationship with the president
b. lobbyists who have an especially good relationship with Congress
c. the congressional party leadership who work closely with the committee chairs
d. reporters who have a close working relationship with leading members of Congress
e. executive personnel who seek congressional support for the president’s agenda
Ans: E
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Question Type: MC
37. Divided government occurs when:

a. one party controls the presidency while the other party controls at least one house of Congress
b. the vice president must cast the deciding vote as president of the Senate
c. the presidency and the Supreme Court are controlled by different parties
d. the three branches of government are unable to work together to solve problems
e. the president and Congress are unable to agree on a joint political agenda
Ans: A
Question Type: MC
38. The major reason presidents are not as successful in a divided government is:
a. Republicans and Democrats stand for different approaches and solutions to the nation’s
problems
b. members of one party simply want to defeat a president of the other party
c. congress has less control over its members
d. presidents do not try to do as much for fear that what will pass will represent the other party’s
priorities
e. congress takes control of the legislative agenda
Ans: A
Question Type: MC
39. According to the text, presidents take into account all of the following when selecting their
cabinets EXCEPT:
a. Pleasing relevant interests
b. Ideological agreement with the president
c. Personal loyalty to the president
d. Ethnic and gender balance
e. Independence of stature and reputation
Ans: C
Answer Location: The Cabinet
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Question Type: MC
40. The Executive Office of the President was formed to:

a. control the president
b. provide expert advice, serve the interests of the president, and supply information
c. control the cabinet
d. replace the cabinet
e. serve the cabinet
Ans: B
Answer Location: Executive Office of the President
Question Type: MC
41. The White House staff and the president’s cabinet often conflict because:
a. cabinet members usually have less political experience
b. the staff serves the president’s interests, while cabinet members seek support for their policy
initiatives
c. cabinet members’ loyalties are divided between the president and Congress
d. cabinet members are unlikely to have the same party affiliations as the staff
e. staff members are often holdovers from previous administrations
Ans: B
Answer Location: White House Staff
Question Type: MC
42. The chief of staff:

a. coordinates the president’s commander-in-chief duties
b. oversees operations of all White House staff and controls access to the president
c. coordinates the activities of the entire federal bureaucracy
d. plans the first lady’s activities
e. presides over the cabinet
Ans: B
Answer Location: White House Staff
Question Type: MC
©2016, CQ Press
TESTBANK
43. One effect of the Twelfth Amendment on the selection of the president and vice president has
been:
a. greater interparty rivalry
b. to encourage ticket balancing
c. an increased emphasis on attracting minority-party voters
d. to encourage former presidents to run as vice presidential candidates
e. an improvement in status for the vice president
Ans: B
Answer Location: The Vice President
Question Type: MC
44. The role of the vice president:

a. is not mentioned in the Constitution
b. is, with the exception of presiding over the Senate, determined by the president
c. has been significantly reduced in the modern age
d. has generally been stronger under Republican presidents than under Democratic presidents
e. is limited to presiding over the Senate and exercising ceremonial duties
Ans: B
Question Type: MC
45. James David Barber classified presidents:

a. by region and party to predict how they would succeed as president
b. by their nationality and ethnic background
c. by the office they held previous to the presidency
d. based on their morals and whether or not they would be positive leaders
e. based on their energy level and their orientation toward life
Ans: E
Answer Location: The Presidential Personality
Question Type: MC
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46. According to James David Barber’s typology of presidential personalities, which type of
president is likely to perform best in office?
a. Active-positive presidents
b. Active-negative presidents
c. Passive-positive presidents
d. Passive-negative presidents
e. Active-passive presidents
Ans: A
Question Type: MC
47. The text authors classify Obama as a(n) _______ type of president
a. passive-negative
b. passive-positive
c. active-negative
d. active-positive
e. None of the above
Ans: D
Question Type: MC
48. The different public assessments of President George W. Bush’s and President Bill Clinton’s
characters show us that:
a. although these presidents are of different parties, the public has assessed them nearly identically
b. Bush ranked higher on all traits than did Clinton
c. Bush and Clinton share the same presidential character
d. presidents have different styles and project different images to the public
e. Clinton ranked higher on all traits than did Bush
Ans: D
Question Type: MC
49. The importance of a president’s relationship with voters was well illustrated by the support:
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a. Nixon discovered during Watergate

b. Truman received during his struggle with General MacArthur
c. Reagan exploited during the Iran-Contra scandal
d. Carter tried to use during the Iranian hostage crisis
e. Clinton relied on during his impeachment trial
Ans: E
Question Type: MC
True/False
50. The rise of public expectations of the president dates from the administration of Roosevelt.
Ans: True
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Question Type: TF
51. In most advanced industrial democracies, the role of head of government is performed by the
prime minister
Ans: True
Question Type: TF
52. In their role as commander in chief presidents act as the civilian head of the military
Ans: True
Question Type: TF
53. Most completed international negotiations (over 90 percent) end in executive agreements rather
than treaties
Ans: True
Answer Location: Page 9
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Question Type: TF
54. Presidents must play their role as head of state in order to solve problems, but that requires
them to behave in ways that conflict with their role as head of government
Ans: False
Question Type: TF
55. In the United States, treaties are negotiated by the president and require two-thirds approval
from the judiciary.
Ans: False
Question Type: TF
56. Pacts made by the president with another head of state that do not require Senate approval are
called executive agreements
Ans: True
Question Type: TF
57. According to the textbook, Congress is rarely able to override a presidential veto
Ans: True
Question Type: TF
58. An executive agreement is a clarification of congressional policy issued by the president and
having the full force of law
Ans: False
Question Type: TF
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59. Presidents can try to influence the judiciary by having the solicitor general argue cases before
the court
Ans: True
Question Type: TF
60. The solicitor general argues cases for the executive branch before the U.S. Supreme Court
Ans: True
Answer Location: Page 14
Question Type: TF
61. The significance of the president’s inherent powers is that they have been used to expand the
powers of the presidency beyond what is explicitly stated in the Constitution.
Ans: True
Question Type: TF
62. Inherent powers are the powers are explicitly stated in the Constitution
Ans: False
Question Type: TF
Fill in the Blank
63. Obama has continued to use signing statements _______ than George W. Bush
Ans: much less
Answer Location: The Battle Over Executive Authority Today
Question Type: FIB
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64. There is a gap between the powers of the presidency and ______
Ans: what the public expects the president to do
Question Type: FIB
65. To pass their legislative agendas, presidents must __________ members of Congress to get
Congress to support their proposals
Ans: persuade
Question Type: FIB
66. The _________ can cause presidents with little experience in Washington politics to lose an
opportunity for maximum influence on the legislative process
Ans: cycle effect
Question Type: FIB
67. According to the text, effective heads of government are expected to act as a _____ for all
Americans
Ans: symbol
Question Type: FIB
68. The term _________ refers to executive personnel who seek congressional support for the
president’s agenda
Ans: legislative liaison
Question Type: FIB
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69. The ________ controls access to the president

Ans: chief of staff
Question Type: FIB
Essay
70. What is the impact of divided government on the president’s legislative agenda?
Ans: Presidents historically do not achieve as much of their agenda when Congress is controlled
by the opposing party. Presidents often must compromise heavily with Congress when it is
controlled by the other party, whereas their preferred position on issues is often achieved when
their party controls Congress. Divided government does not necessarily lead to inaction, however.
When national needs are pressing or the national mood demands action, the president and Congress
can work together under divided government
Answer Location: Various pages
Cognitive Domain: Application
Question Type: ESS
Difficulty Level: Hard
71. Fully discuss the double expectations gap. What does each of the gaps mean for the power of
the presidency?
Ans: The first expectations gap stems from presidential candidates having to make numerous
campaign promises in order to get elected, although they do not have the constitutional powers to
fulfill the promises they’ve made once elected. Therefore, the expectation that presidents will
fulfill such promises typically cannot be met. The second expectations gap comes from the
president having to fulfill multiple roles, which often conflict. For example, the president must
serve as head of state, which is a unifying and symbolic role. However, this role is diminished by
the requirements of the president’s head-of-government role. As head of government, the president
must make partisan and divisive political decisions. It is difficult for the president to excel at both
of these roles simultaneously; consequently, presidents often cannot match what is expected of
them
Question Type: ESS
©2016, CQ Press
TESTBANK
72. Compare presidential eras through time. How does the modern presidency today differ from
the modern presidency under Franklin Roosevelt? How has the presidency changed, compared to
the era of the traditional presidency? What does it mean for expectations of the president these
days?
Ans: The modern presidency today is much stronger than the office the founders envisioned. Still,
compared to the modern presidency under Roosevelt and his successors, the modern presidency
today is more closely checked by the media and by Congress. The era of the modern presidency
was the era when the power of the presidency was at its highest. Responding to the crisis of the
Great Depression and World War II, Roosevelt expanded the scope of the federal government but
also led citizens to expect the president to play an active and a successful role in the economy and
in the welfare of the country. The modern presidency today suffers in comparison because
presidents are more tightly checked, yet citizens still expect them to achieve as much as presidents
did in earlier eras of the modern presidency. Strong answers may connect this issue to the double
expectations gap
Question Type: ESS
73. Discuss the power to persuade, going public, presidential character, and presidential style. Why
are these personal features so important to presidential success? How do they help us to understand
the presidency in ways that just studying the constitutional powers of the presidency does not?
Ans: The power to persuade is key for the president to convince Congress and other political actors
to cooperate with his agenda. Similarly, going public—appealing to the public on an issue in order
to pressure other political actors—is another key to presidential success. Personal characteristics
(character and style) are vital to presidents’ ability to achieve their goals. Some scholars suggest
that some types of personalities or presidential characters lend themselves to success. Strong
answers should discuss Barber’s typology: energy level toward the job and orientation toward life
and the job. Students may even suggest that active-positive presidents should succeed. Finally,
different presidents have different styles, and successfully establishing a positive image of this
style can lead to positive public evaluations of the president. The benefit of these approaches is
that they look beyond the presidency as a constitutional office and acknowledge that success comes
as much from the president’s personal characteristics and strategies as from the constitutional
powers of the presidency
Question Type: ESS
74. What are the different roles of the cabinet and the Executive Office of the President? Why is
the Executive Office of the President, and especially the White House Office, considered to be
closer to the president both personally and politically? What are the effects of the tension between
©2016, CQ Press
TESTBANK
the cabinet and the Executive Office of the President and the White House Office on presidential
decision-making?
Ans: Cabinet secretaries are chosen for numerous reasons, and they are not always loyal to the
president’s ideological positions on the areas of public policy with which they deal. The Executive
Office of the President and the White House Office do not have to face Senate confirmation and
are typically chosen for their loyalty to the president and to the president’s ideological positions.
Further, the chief of staff reduces access to the president, often to the cabinet secretaries. Because
presidents can rely on Executive Office of the President and White House Office staff loyalty to
their positions, they often centralize decision-making in the White House and consequently rely
less on cabinet secretaries
Question Type: ESS
75. Explain the qualifications and conditions for office for the presidency
Ans: The president must be a natural-born citizen of the United States, at least thirty-five years
old, and have been a resident of the United States for at least fourteen years
Question Type: ESS
76. How has the role of the vice president changed over the past two decades?
Ans: Rather than simply balancing the presidential electoral ticket, recent vice presidents have
become more important to the presidents with whom they serve. Especially if the vice president
has a trusting relationship with the president, the vice president can have a large influence on
policy
Question Type: ESS

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Keeping the Republic: Power and Citizenship in American Politics, by Christine Barbour and Gerald C.

Test Bank for Keeping the Republic Power and Citizenship

1. According to the textbook, President Bush’s use of signing statements:

3. The _________ dates from the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt

c. growth of power in state governments

4. Presidents are limited to two full terms in office by:

5. In most advanced industrial democracies, the role of head of government:

Answer Location: The Presidential Job Description

8. The presidential impeachment process is intended to remove sitting presidents for:

9. The official constitutional grounds for presidential impeachment are:

Learning Objective: LO 7-2

11. The president’s cabinet is composed of the:

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

14. The significance of the president’s inherent powers is that they:

Learning Objective: LO 7-2

Learning Objective: LO 7-3

23. According to the textbook, Congress:

Learning Objective: LO 7-3

26. Most of the strength of the modern presidency is based on the:

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. Inherent powers are the:

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. The cycle effect on presidential popularity is caused by the:

Learning Objective: LO 7-3

36. The term legislative liaison refers to:

37. Divided government occurs when:

40. The Executive Office of the President was formed to:

42. The chief of staff:

44. The role of the vice president:

45. James David Barber classified presidents:

a. Nixon discovered during Watergate

Difficulty Level: Easy

Fill in the Blank

Difficulty Level: Easy

Difficulty Level: Easy

69. The ________ controls access to the president

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