Department of Horticulture and Crop Science

AC AND DC
ELECTRICAL MOTORS
system of operation, types,
ratings and uses

Group Two
Prepared By:

Seat No: Name: Reg No: Signature:

1. 5 ‫سيف عفانة‬ 0193520

2. 6 ‫وجد موسى‬ 0194091

3. 7 ‫غيث صالح‬ 0194501

4. 8 ‫حنين السرخي‬ 0197465

- Summer semester 2023 -

INTRODUCTION
Both AC and DC motors are used extensively in various appliances.
Knowing the detailed AC and DC motors differences can help an
individual to choose either of them according to the requirements.
An Electrical Motor is a machine that converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy. It is used for generating torque to lift loads,
move objects & various other mechanical work.
The AC electric motor converts AC (Alternating Current) electrical
energy into mechanical energy while the DC motor is another main
type of electrical motor that only runs on DC or Direct Current.

SYSTEM OF
OPERATION
AC motors operate on the principle
of electromagnetic induction. When
an alternating current flows through
the stator windings, a rotating
magnetic field is created. This
rotating magnetic field interacts
with the rotor, inducing current in
the rotor windings, and generating a
torque that causes the rotor to
rotate. AC motors can be either
synchronous or asynchronous
(induction) motors. They comprise a
stator, and a rotor.
DC motors operate based on the
interaction between the magnetic
field of the stator and the current-
carrying conductors of the rotor.
When direct current flows through
the rotor, it creates a magnetic field,
and the interaction between the
stator and rotor fields generates
torque, causing the rotor to rotate.
They utilize Direct Currents (DC), and
comprise a rotating armature
winding, and a permanent magnet,
which acts as a static field.

AC Motors: Typically have a simple construction with fewer components.

They consist of a stator with winding coils and a rotor made of laminated
steel.
DC Motors: Can be more complex, especially in brushed DC motors, which
have brushes and a commutator for current direction switching. Brushless
DC motors (BLDC) have permanent magnets and electronic commutation.

GROUP TWO
TYPES
AC and DC motors each have their own unique characteristics and applications.
AC motors are more suitable for applications where constant speed operation is
required and maintenance simplicity is a priority. On the other hand, DC motors
excel in applications requiring variable speed control, high starting torque, and
regenerative braking capabilities.

AC
Types of AC Motors:
1. Induction Motors: Most common
type, used in various applications
due to their simple and robust
design. They do not require a
separate DC power source for
the rotor and are self-starting.
2. Synchronous Motors: Operate at
a constant speed determined by
the frequency of the AC power
supply. They are used in
applications requiring precise
speed control and constant
RPM.
DC
Types of DC Motors:
1. Brushed DC Motors: Use
brushes and a commutator
to switch the current
direction in the rotor
windings, which creates the
rotational motion.
2. Brushless DC Motors (BLDC):
Utilize electronic
commutation and
permanent magnets for
more efficient and precise
operation.

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RATINGS
AC Motors:
Power Output: AC motors can be
rated in terms of horsepower (HP)
or in kilowatts (kW). Common AC
motor power ratings range from a
fraction of a horsepower (e.g., 0.25
HP) to several hundred horsepower
(e.g., 500 HP or more).
Efficiency: AC motors can have
different efficiency ratings, denoted
as a percentage. Higher efficiency
motors convert a larger fraction of
input electrical energy into
mechanical energy, resulting in less
wasted power.
Speed: AC motors are often rated
with a specific speed in revolutions
per minute (RPM) or rotations per
minute. Motors can vary in speed
depending on their design and
intended applications.
USES
AC motors are chosen for high
demand applications such as
pumps, and material handling
products such as packaging
equipment, conveyors, and
dispensers. also used in household
appliances, industrial pumps, and
fans.
DC motors can vary in size and
power from small motors in toys
and appliances to large
mechanisms that power vehicles
and pull elevators. also used in
applications requiring variable
speed control including electric
vehicles, robotics, and precision
machinery.
DC Motors:
Power Output: DC motors may also
be rated in terms of horsepower
(HP) or kilowatts (kW). Typical DC
motor power ratings can range from
less than 1 HP to several hundred
HP.
Efficiency: Like AC motors, DC
motors also have efficiency ratings
expressed as a percentage.
Speed: DC motors can be rated with
a specific speed in RPM, indicating
the rotational speed of the motor
shaft.
Common voltage ratings for DC
motors in Jordan could be 12V, 24V,
or 48V, depending on the power
source.
REFERENCES

1. https://www.globalspec.com/reference/10799/179909/Ch
apter-3-AC-and-DC-Motors-AC-Motors-IEC-Ratings
2. https://www.maximizemarketresearch.com/market-
report/global-electric-ac-motors-market/97113/
3. https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2021/01/awg-swg-
mm-inch-kcmil-calculator.html
4. https://www.thomasnet.com/articles/machinery-tools-
supplies/ac-motors-vs-dc-motors-what-s-the-
difference/