Seeleys Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology 8th Edition VanPutte Test Bank Download

Chapter 06 - Skeletal System: Bones and Joints
Seeleys Essentials of Anatomy and

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Chapter 06
Skeletal System: Bones and Joints
Multiple Choice Questions
6-1
1. Bone growth:
A. occurs through the deposition of new bone lamellae onto existing bone or other connective
tissue.
B. at the epiphyseal plates causes increase in bone diameter.
C. causing an increase in the length of the bone is called appositional growth.
D. is accomplished by the osteoclasts.
E. all of these are true of bone growth.
Bloom's Level: 02. Understand

HAPS Learning Outcome: F04.1 Explain the roles osteogenic cells play in the formation of
bone tissue.
HAPS Learning Outcome: F04.2 Compare and contrast intramembranous and endochondral
(intracartilagenous) bone formation.
HAPS Learning Outcome: F05.1 Compare and contrast the function of osteoblasts and
osteoclasts during bone growth, repair, and remodeling.
HAPS Learning Outcome: F05.2 Explain the hormonal regulation of skeleton growth.
HAPS Learning Outcome: F05.3 Explain the roles of calcitonin, parathyroid hormone and
calcitriol in bone remodeling and blood calcium regulation.
HAPS Learning Outcome: F05.4 Contrast the remodeling processes of a child (birth to
adolescence) and an adult (middle to old age).
Learning Objective: 6.03B. Outline the processes of bone ossification, growth,
remodeling,and repair.
Section: 06.03
Topic: Skeletal System
6-2
2. Bone remodeling:
A. is essential for maintaining blood calcium levels
B. continues throughout the lifespan of the individual
C. is accomplished by the actions of the osteoclasts and osteoblasts
D. is controlled by the actions of Parathyroid Hormone, and Calcitonin.
E. All of these are true of bone remodeling.

bone tissue.
Section: 06.03
6-3
3. In adults, which of the following represents a set of fused bones?

A. femur
B. temporal bone
C. radius
D. sacral bone
E. tibia
Bloom's Level: 03. Apply

HAPS Learning Outcome: F07.2 Identify the individual bones and their location within the
body.
HAPS Learning Outcome: F07.3 Identify bone markings (spines, processes, foramina, etc.)
and describe their function (e.g., point of articulation, muscle tendon attachment, ligament
attachment, passageway for nerves and vessels).
Learning Objective: 6.07C. Name and describe the bones of the pelvic girdle and explain why
the pelvic girdle is more stable than the pectoral girdle.
Section: 06.07
6-4
4. What are the most effective preventative measures against the effects of aging on the
skeletal system?
A. decreasing physical activity and the amount of stress on the bones
B. increasing physical activity
C. ingesting dietary calcium with a vitamin D supplement.
D. the combination of increasing physical activity and taking dietary calcium with vitamin D
supplements.
E. decreasing your dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D.
Bloom's Level: 04. Analyze

HAPS Learning Outcome: F09.1 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the skeletal
system and articulations respond to maintain homeostasis in the body.
HAPS Learning Outcome: F09.2 Explain how the skeletal system and articulations relate to
other body systems to maintain homeostasis.
HAPS Learning Outcome: F10.1 Predict factors or situations affecting the skeletal system
and articulations that could disrupt homeostasis.
HAPS Learning Outcome: F10.2 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if
the skeletal system and articulations could not maintain homeostasis.
Learning Objective: 6.09A. Describe the effects of aging on bones and joints.
Section: 06.09
5. The functions of the skeletal system include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. support and protection
B. movement and leverage
C. transport of materials via its fluid matrix
D. blood cell production
E. storage of minerals

HAPS Learning Outcome: F01 Describe the major functions of the skeletal system.
Learning Objective: 6.01A. Explain the functions of the skeletal system.
Section: 06.01
6-5
6. The skeletal system helps maintain homeostasis by

A. acting as a calcium buffer and storage site.
B. acting as a phosphate buffer and storage site.
C. acting as an energy buffer and storage site.
D. acting as a blood cell production site.
E. All of these aid in maintaining homeostasis.

Learning Objective: 6.04A. Explain the role of bone in calcium homeostasis.
Section: 06.04
6-6
7. The extracellular matrix of bone

A. contains collagen and minerals.
B. has a high proportion of calcium phosphate crystals (hydroxyapatite).
C. is entirely composed of proteoglycans.
D. contains collagen and minerals and has a high proportion of calcium phosphate crystals
(hydroxyapatite) are correct.
E. has a high proportion of calcium phosphate crystals (hydroxyapatite) and is entirely
composed of proteoglycans are correct.

HAPS Learning Outcome: F02.1 List and describe the cellular and extracellular components
of bone tissue.
Learning Objective: 6.02A. Describe the components of the extracellular matrix, and explain
the function of each.
Section: 06.02
8. Bones are a type of

A. cartilage.
B. epithelial tissue.
C. muscle tissue.
D. connective tissue.
E. multi-cellular membrane.

of bone tissue.
Section: 06.02
6-7
9. The extracellular matrix of cartilage may contain

A. primarily collagen fibers.
B. collagen fibers and minerals.
C. collagen fibers, elastic fibers and proteoglycans.
D. primarily elastic fibers.
E. chondrocytes.

of bone tissue.
Section: 06.02
10. The extracellular matrix of tendons and ligaments is made up of

A. primarily collagen fibers.
B. collagen and minerals.
C. collagen and proteoglycan
D. osteocytes.
E. chondrocytes.

of bone tissue.
Section: 06.02
6-8
11. During growth of a long bone, the site of growth in length is the
A. medullary cavity.
B. marrow.
C. epiphyseal plate.
D. endosteum.
E. periosteum.

bone tissue.
Section: 06.03
12. The outer surface of bone is covered by a connective tissue layer called the
A. lamellae.
B. periosteum.
C. endosteum.
D. epiphysis.
E. diaphysis.
Bloom's Level: 01. Remember

of bone tissue.
Section: 06.02
6-9
13. A long bone

A. has a medullary cavity in the diaphysis.
B. has red marrow and yellow marrow in its cavities.
C. has endosteum lining the medullary cavity.
D. has an epiphysis at each end.
E. has all of these properties.

HAPS Learning Outcome: F02.2 Identify the internal structural components of compact bone
and spongy bone.
HAPS Learning Outcome: F07.1 Identify the types of bones based on shape and composition
(compact vs. spongy), and relate the shapes of bones to their functions.
Learning Objective: 6.03A. Explain the structural differences between compact bone and
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
6-10
14. Compact bone consists of cells called osteocytes located within spaces in the matrix
called
A. lamellae.
B. haversian canals.
C. canaliculi.
D. lacunae.
E. medullary cavities.

bone tissue.
Section: 06.03
6-11
15. In compact bone, a haversian canal, with the lamellae and osteocytes surrounding it are
called
A. lacunae.
B. osteon.
C. canaliculi.
D. spongy bone.
E. medullary cavities.

and spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
16. The interconnecting rods or plates of bone in spongy bone are called
A. osteocytes.
B. trabeculae.
C. haversian canals.
D. haversian systems.
E. epiphyses.

and spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
6-12
17. Which of the following is INCORRECT?

A. Spongy bone is located in the epiphysis of long bones and interior of all other bones.
B. Compact bone is located in the diaphysis of long bones and thinner superficial surface of
all other bones.
C. Compact bone is located in the epiphysis of long bones and interior of all other bones.
D. Lamellae are thin sheets of extracellular matrix in which bone is formed.
E. An osteon is a central canal with concentric layers of lamellae and osteocytes surrounding
it.

and spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
6-13
18. When bone growth (lengthening) stops,

A. the cartilage of each epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone and is called the epiphyseal line.
B. the bone of each epiphyseal plate is replaced by cartilage and is called the articular
cartilage.
C. the cartilage of each epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone and is called the periosteum.
D. the bone of each epiphyseal plate is replaced by cartilage and is called the endosteum.
E. the cartilage of each epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone and is called the lamellar line.

bone tissue.
Section: 06.03
6-14
19. The periosteum

A. contains blood vessels and nerves.
B. contains osteoblasts.
C. is composed of dense connective tissue.
D. covers the outer surface of bones.
E. All of these are correct.

and spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
20. Trabeculae
A. add strength to the bone without adding weight.
B. are found primarily in spongy (spongy) bone.
C. consist of several lamellae with osteocytes between the lamellae.
D. have no central canals or blood vessels.
E. All of these pertain to trabeculae.

and spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
6-15
21. Which of the following pathways correctly follows the flow of nutrients needed by the
osteocytes in compact bone?
A. Osteocytes → lacuna → blood vessels in central canals → diffusion through the canaliculi
→ blood vessels in periosteum & endosteum → general circulation
B. Osteocytes → lacuna → diffusion through the canaliculi → blood vessels in central canals
→ blood vessels in periosteum & endosteum → general circulation
C. Blood vessels in central canals → blood vessels in periosteum & endosteum → diffusion
through the canaliculi → lucane → osteocyte
D. Blood vessels in periosteum & endosteum → blood vessels in central canals → diffusion
through the canaliculi → lacuna → osteocyte
E. Blood vessels in periosteum → direct diffusion through the hard, ossified matrix →
osteocyte

bone tissue.
Section: 06.03
6-16
22. Intramembranous ossification

A. occurs in the bones of the skull.
B. is the process that produces most of the skeletal system.
C. occurs when bones develop from cartilage models.
D. occurs when osteoblasts invade the spaces left by dying cartilage cells.
E. has all of these characteristics.

bone tissue.
Section: 06.03
6-17
23. After _____ (bone forming cells) become completely surrounded by bone matrix, they
are called _____ (mature bone cells).
A. osteocytes, osteoblasts
B. osteoblasts, osteoclasts
C. osteoclasts, osteoblasts
D. osteoblasts, osteocytes
E. osteocytes, osteoclasts

bone tissue.
Section: 06.03
6-18
24. Which of these statements about bone growth is NOT correct?

A. Bone growth can occur beneath the periosteum or in the epiphyseal plate.
B. Growth at the epiphyseal plate is responsible for the increase in length of long bones.
C. Bone growth occurs primarily because osteoclasts start forming new bone.
D. In the epiphyseal plate, dying chondrocytes are replaced by osteoblasts.
E. All of these are correct statements.

bone tissue.
Section: 06.03
6-19
25. Which of these statements about bone remodeling and repair is correct?
A. Bone remodeling involves removal of old bone by osteoblasts.
B. As a long bone increases in diameter, the size of the marrow cavity decreases.
C. Bone is the major storage site for calcium in the body.
D. The zone of tissue repair between two bone fragments is called a callus.
E. Both bone is the major storage site for calcium in the body and the zone of tissue repair
between two bone fragments is called a callus are correct

bone tissue.
Section: 06.03
6-20
26. All of the following occur during endochondral ossification EXCEPT:

A. Chondrocytes in the cartilage model enlarge, then die.
B. The cartilage is calcified.
C. A medullary cavity is formed as the osteoblasts remove bone and calcified cartilage.
D. A primary ossification center forms in the center of the diaphysis as blood vessels and
osteoblasts invade the calcified cartilage.
E. The presence of blood vessels in the outer surface of the future bone causes some of the
unspecified connective tissue cells on the surface to become osteoblasts.

bone tissue.
Section: 06.03
6-21
27. Which of the following bones were likely produced through endochondral ossification?
A. femur
B. frontal
C. parietal
D. temporal
E. None of these bones were formed through endochondral ossification.

bone tissue.
Section: 06.03
6-22
28. Which of these anatomical terms for bone features is NOT correctly matched with its
description?
A. condyle — smooth, rounded end of bone where it forms a joint with another bone
B. tubercle or tuberosity — knob or enlargement
C. process — prominent indentation
D. head — enlarged (often rounded) end
E. facet — small, flattened articular surface

and spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
29. Which of these bones is a part of the appendicular skeleton?

A. skull
B. ribs
C. sternum
D. clavicle
E. hyoid

body.
Learning Objective: 6.07A. Identify the bones that makeup the pectoral girdle, and relate
their structure and arrangement to the function of the girdle..
Section: 06.07
6-23
30. The joint uniting the parietal and temporal bones is the
A. lambdoid suture.
B. coronal suture.
C. temporomandibular joint.
D. mastoid suture.
E. squamous suture.

body.
HAPS Learning Outcome: F07.4 Compare and contrast the skull of a fetus/infant with the
skull of an adult.
Learning Objective: 6.06A. Name the bones of the skull and describe their main features as
seen from the lateral, frontal, internal, and inferior views.
Section: 06.06
6-24
31. The two bones of the skull in which teeth are located are the
A. maxilla and mandible.
B. zygomatic and mandible.
C. maxilla and zygomatic.
D. maxilla and frontal.
E. frontal and mandible.

body.
skull of an adult.
Section: 06.06
6-25
32. Which of these statements about the skull is true?

A. The external acoustic meatus is a canal in the temporal bone.
B. The zygomatic arch consists of joined processes between the frontal and zygomatic bones.
C. The nasal conchae are bones that form the nasal septum.
D. The mastoid process is a prominent lump just anterior to the ear.
E. The bridge of the nose is formed by the frontal bone.

body.
skull of an adult.
Section: 06.06
33. Which two bones contribute to the nasal septum?

A. vomer and maxilla
B. vomer and sphenoid
C. maxillary and palatine
D. vomer and ethmoid
E. ethmoid and sphenoid

body.
Learning Objective: 6.06B. List the bones that form the majority of the nasal septum.
Section: 06.06
6-26
34. Which of these bones does not contain a paranasal sinus?

A. frontal
B. parietal
C. maxillary
D. sphenoid
E. ethmoid

body.
Section: 06.06
35. Which of these bones or bone parts of the skull are correctly matched with their function?
A. sella turcica — contains pituitary gland
B. nasal conchae — increase surface area in the nasal cavity
C. paranasal sinuses — decrease weight and act as resonating chambers
D. hyoid bone — serves as point of attachment for neck and tongue muscles
E. All of these are correctly paired.

body.
skull of an adult.
Section: 06.06
6-27
36. The palate

A. separates the nasal cavity from the mouth.
B. consists of a hard palate and a soft palate.
C. is a point of attachment for tongue muscles.
D. is formed by the palatine and sphenoid bones.
E. both separates the nasal cavity from the mouth and consists of a hard palate and a soft
palate.

body.
Learning Objective: 6.06D. List the bones of the braincase and the face.
Section: 06.06
37. Which of these sections of the vertebral column is matched with its correct number of
vertebrae?
A. thoracic — 7 vertebrae
B. cervical — 12 vertebrae
C. sacral — 5 vertebrae fused into one sacrum
D. lumbar — 8 vertebrae
E. coccygeal — 2 vertebrae fused into one coccyx

body.
Learning Objective: 6.06F. Discuss the common features of the vertebrae and contrast
vertebrae from each region of the vertebral column.
Section: 06.06
6-28
38. Which of these sections of the vertebral column curve posteriorly?

A. cervical curvature and lumbar curvature
B. thoracic curvature and cervical curvature
C. thoracic curvature and lumbar curvature
D. lumbar curvature and sacrum (with coccyx)
E. thoracic curvature and sacrum (with coccyx)

body.
Section: 06.06
39. Which of these vertebrae is NOT correctly matched with their identifying characteristics?
A. thoracic vertebrae — articular facets for ribs
B. lumbar vertebrae — transverse foramina in transverse processes
C. atlas — articulates with occipital condyles
D. axis — allows lateral motion as in shaking one's head "no"
E. sacrum — has sacral hiatus and sacral promontory

body.
Section: 06.06
6-29
40. The first seven pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum are called
A. true ribs.
B. false ribs.
C. floating ribs.
D. sternal ribs.
E. Both true ribs and sternal ribs are correct names.

body.
Learning Objective: 6.06G. List the bones and cartilage of the rib cage, including the three
types of ribs.
Section: 06.06
41. The pectoral girdle

A. attaches the lower limb to the body.
B. consists of the clavicle and scapula.
C. is part of the axial skeleton.
D. is attached to the body only where the clavicle attaches to the vertebrae.
E. has all of these characteristics.

body.
Section: 06.07
6-30
42. The scapula

A. has a depression called the glenoid cavity where the head of the humerus articulates.
B. has a coracoid process to which arm and chest muscles attach.
C. has an acromion process to which the clavicle attaches.
D. has a ridge, called the spine, on the posterior surface.
E. has all of these landmarks.

body.
Section: 06.07
43. Which of these statements concerning the styloid processes is true?

A. A styloid process is located on the proximal end of the ulna.
B. The styloid processes serve as points of attachment for forearm muscles.
C. A styloid process is located on the head of the radius.
D. The styloid processes are located on the radius and ulna where they articulate with the
wrist.
E. All of these are true statements.

body.
Learning Objective: 6.07B. Name and describe the major bones of the upper limb.
Section: 06.07
6-31
44. Which of these statements concerning the upper limb is true?

A. The hand is composed of 5 metacarpals.
B. Each digit is composed of 4 phalanges.
C. The wrist is composed of 10 carpal bones.
D. The head of the ulna is closer to the thumb than is the distal end of the radius.
E. Epicondyles on the radius and ulna provide attachment sites for forearm muscles.

body.
Section: 06.07
45. The coxae

A. are part of the pectoral girdle.
B. are formed by the fusion of the ilium, ischium, and femur.
C. each have a large hole called the greater trochanter.
D. are joined together posteriorly by the pubic symphysis.
E. join the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint.

body.
HAPS Learning Outcome: F07.5 Compare and contrast the adult male and female skeletons.
Learning Objective: 6.07D. Name the bones that make up the coxal bone. D istinguish
between the male and female pelvis.
Section: 06.07
6-32
46. You are a forensic scientist who has just been given a skeleton to examine. You need to
determine if the victim was male or female. Which of the following characteristics of the
pelvic girdle are consistent with the police hypothesis that the victim was female?
A. heart shaped pelvic inlet
B. a sub-pubic angle greater than 90 degrees
C. Sacral promontory projects anteriorly
D. Ischial tuberosities are turned medially.
E. Ischial spines are relatively close together.
Bloom's Level: 05. Evaluate

body.
HAPS Learning Outcome: F07.5 Compare and contrast the adult male and female skeletons.
Learning Objective: 6.07D. Name the bones that make up the coxal bone. D istinguish
between the male and female pelvis.
Section: 06.07
47. Large points of muscle attachment near the head of the femur are called
A. epicondyles.
B. a malleolus.
C. the acetabulum.
D. the trochanters.
E. the patellas.

body.
Learning Objective: 6.07E. Identify and describe the bones of the lower limb.
Section: 06.07
6-33
48. Fibrous joints between the bones of the skull are called
A. sutures.
B. synovial joints.
C. gomphoses.
D. cartilaginous joints.
E. syndesmoses

body.
skull of an adult.
Section: 06.06
49. Which of these statements about synovial joints is correct?

A. Articular cartilage covers articular surfaces of bones.
B. Synovial joints contain synovial fluid.
C. The synovial membrane may extend as a pocket or sac, called a bursa.
D. The joint cavity is enclosed by a joint capsule.
E. All of the statements are correct.

HAPS Learning Outcome: F08.2 Identify the structural components of the synovial joint,
including accessory structures like bursae, tendon sheaths, and ligaments.
Learning Objective: 6.08D. Illustrate the structure of a synovial joint and explain the roles of
the components of a synovial joint.
Section: 06.08
6-34
50. Which of these joints could be described as a saddle joint?

A. the knee joint
B. the shoulder joint
C. the articular processes between vertebrae
D. the thumb joint
E. the joint between occipital condyles and the atlas

HAPS Learning Outcome: F08.4a For each of the six structural types of synovial joints:
Describe the anatomical features of that structural type.
HAPS Learning Outcome: F08.4b For each of the six structural types of synovial joints:
Describe locations in the body where each structural type can be found.
HAPS Learning Outcome: F08.4c Predict the kinds of movements that each structural type
will allow.
Learning Objective: 6.08E. Classify synovial joints based on the shape of the bones in the
joint and give an example of each type.
Section: 06.08
51. You turn the doorknob clockwise with your right hand to open the door. The movement
your hand makes would be called
A. extension.
B. flexion.
C. adduction
D. pronation.
E. supination.

Learning Objective: 6.08F. Demonstrate the difference betweeen the following pairs of
movements: flexion and extension; plantar flexion and dorsiflexion; abduction and adduction;
supination and pronation; elevation and depression; protraction and retraction; opposition
and reposition; inversion and eversion.
Section: 06.08
6-35
52. Which of these bones touches all of the others?

A. frontal
B. temporal
C. sphenoid
D. parietal
E. maxillary

body.
skull of an adult.
Section: 06.06
6-36
53. After suffering multiple cervical fractures, Myron Coolheart, IRS agent, was given a
choice of which vertebrae to fuse together i.e., he could leave only one articulation unfused.
He decided to choose the fusion that would still allow him to shake his head "no". His choice
was to leave the ___________ unfused.
A. atlas to axis joint
B. atlas to occipital condyles articulation
C. articulation between C2 and C3
D. articulation between C6 and C7

body.
Section: 06.06
54. Which of these movements would be needed to bend over and touch your big toe?
A. extension of arms
B. extension of forearms
C. flexion at the waist
D. Both extension of forearms and flexion at the waist are needed.
E. Both extension of arms and flexion at the waist are needed.

Section: 06.08
6-37
55. A blow to the shoulder often breaks the clavicle, but very seldom breaks the scapula.
Suggest why.
A. The scapula is larger than the clavicle.
B. The clavicle provides the only bony attachment of the pectoral girdle to the body.
C. The scapula is more protected by muscle.
D. When the body is moving forward, the clavicle is more likely to be struck than the scapula.
E. All of these are valid explanations.
Bloom's Level: 06. Create

body.
Section: 06.07
56. John Flashback was running downfield with the football. As he tried to avoid a tackle, he
stepped in a hole and his foot was twisted under him with great force. The X-ray shows a
"broken ankle". The structure that is most likely broken is the
A. calcaneus bone.
B. the patella.
C. a bone in the second metatarsal.
D. the lateral malleolus of the fibula.
E. the head of the fibula.

body.
Section: 06.07
6-38
57. During the process of bone repair, immobilization of the bone is most useful during
A. the last 2 weeks as bone remodeling occurs.
B. the first 4 to 6 hours until the blood clot forms.
C. the first 2 weeks until the callus has formed.
D. the first 4 to 6 weeks until spongy bone has closed the break.
E. the entire 2 to 3 months that it takes for compact bone to replace the compact bone that was
originally lost.

bone tissue.
Section: 06.03
6-39
58. A green-stick fracture is one specific example of

A. a comminuted fracture.
B. an impacted fracture.
C. an incomplete fracture.
D. a compound fracture.
E. an oblique fracture.

bone tissue.
Section: 06.03
6-40
59. The bone disease osteoporosis is associated with

A. decreased amount of mineral in the bone.
B. increased formation of pannus in synovial joints followed by inflammation.
C. overall decrease in the total amount of bone tissue.
D. too little activity in osteoblasts.
E. increased uric acid being deposited in joint capsules.

Section: 06.09
60. Vertebrae are best classified as

A. long bones.
B. short bones.
C. flat bones.
D. irregular bones.

and spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
6-41
61. Metacarpals and phalanges are best classified as

A. long bones.
B. short bones.
C. flat bones.
D. irregular bones.

and spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
62. The ulna and radius are best classified as

A. long bones.
B. short bones.
C. flat bones.
D. irregular bones.

and spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
6-42
63. The ribs and sternum are best classified as

A. long bones.
B. short bones.
C. flat bones.
D. irregular bones.

and spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
64. The maxillae is a(n)

A. long bone.
B. short bone.
C. flat bone.
D. irregular bone.

and spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
6-43
65. The anatomical term for a cavity found in bone is

A. canal or meatus.
B. fissure.
C. fossa.
D. sinus.
E. foramen.

and spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.05
66. A ______________ is the anatomical term for a depression found in bone.

A. canal or meatus
B. fissure
C. fossa
D. sinus
E. foramen

HAPS Learning Outcome: F03.1 Identify the structural components of a long bone, with
emphasis on region of longitudinal growth.
HAPS Learning Outcome: F03.2 Explain the functions of those structural components in the
context of a whole bone.
Learning Objective: 6.05A. List and define the major features of a typical bone.
Section: 06.05
6-44
67. A __________ is a term describing a hole found in bone.

A. canal or meatus
B. fissure
C. fossa
D. sinus
E. foramen

Section: 06.05
68. The anatomical term to describe a tunnel in bone is

A. canal or meatus.
B. fissure.
C. fossa.
D. sinus.
E. foramen.

Section: 06.05
6-45
69. The ____________ is (are) the opening through which the spinal cord connects to the
brain.
A. mandibular fossa
B. foramen magnum
C. nasolacrimal canal
D. optic foramen
E. orbital fissures

body.
Section: 06.06
70. The ____________ is (are) the opening that passes from the orbit to the nasal cavity.
A. mandibular fossa
B. foramen magnum
D. optic foramen
E. orbital fissures

body.
Section: 06.06
6-46
71. The ____________ is (are) the opening through which the optic nerve passes into the
cranial vault.
A. mandibular fossa
B. foramen magnum
D. optic foramen
E. orbital fissures

body.
Section: 06.06
72. The _____________ is (are) the opening(s) through which nerves or blood vessels
communicate with the orbit.
A. mandibular fossa
B. foramen magnum
D. optic foramen
E. superior and inferior orbital fissures

body.
Section: 06.06
6-47
73. The _____________ is (are) the depression where the mandible articulates with the
temporal bone.
A. mandibular fossa
B. foramen magnum
D. optic foramen
E. orbital fissures

body.
Section: 06.06
74. The ______________ is (are) the weight-bearing portion of vertebra.

A. articular facets
B. vertebral canal
C. vertebral body
D. spinous process
E. intervertebral foramina

body.
Section: 06.06
6-48
75. The lumps that can be felt down the midline of the back are the
A. articular facets.
B. vertebral canal.
C. vertebral body.
D. spinous process.
E. intervertebral foramina.

body.
Section: 06.06
76. The location where vertebrae join each other is (are) the
B. vertebral canal.
C. vertebral body.
D. spinous process.

body.
Section: 06.06
6-49
77. The locations where spinal nerves exit the vertebrae is (are) the
B. vertebral canal.
C. vertebral body.
D. spinous process.

body.
Section: 06.06
78. The ____________ is (are) the opening through which the spinal cord passes.
A. articular facets
B. vertebral canal
C. vertebral body
D. spinous process
E. intervertebral foramina

body.
Section: 06.06
6-50
79. The extracellular matrix of bone does NOT include

A. collagen fibers.
B. elastic fibers.
C. calcium.
D. phosphate.
E. Bone includes all of these in its extracellular matrix.

of bone tissue.
Section: 06.02
80. ________ marrow consists of bone forming cells and is found in the _______ of adults.
A. Yellow, medullary cavity
B. Yellow, proximal epiphyses
C. Red, medullary cavity
D. Red, proximal epiphyses

and spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
6-51
81. The letter D on this figure is pointing to the

A. epiphysis.
B. diaphysis.
C. periosteum.
D. endosteum.
E. medullary cavity.

and spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
6-52
82. The letter B on this figure represents the

A. epiphysis.
B. diaphysis.
C. periosteum.
D. endosteum.
E. medullary cavity.

and spongy bone.
spongy bone.
Section: 06.03
6-53
83. The long bones of the body form through ___________ ossification.
A. chondralmembranous
B. intramembranous
C. endochondral
D. endomembranous

bone tissue.
Section: 06.03
6-54
84. The cells that actively break down osseous tissue are
A. osteoblasts
B. osteoclasts
C. osteoprogenitor cells
D. osteocytes

bone tissue.
Section: 06.03
6-55
85. Regina is a vegan (a vegetarian that does not eat any animal products including dairy or
eggs). After a series of unexplained bone fractures, her doctor completes some tests and
discovers that her levels of parathyroid hormone are elevated. Which of the following
hypotheses would be the most plausible?
A. The lack of meat in her diet is causing anemia and preventing bone growth.
B. The lack of dairy in her diet has severely restricted the amount of calcium she has
available. This deficiency stimulated the release of PTH, which caused more of the calcium
stores in her bones to be mobilized. The deficiency has gone on for so long that she has
weakened her bones.
C. The lack of dairy in her diet has severely restricted the amount of calcium she has
available. This deficiency stimulated the release of calcitonin, which caused more of the
calcium stores in her bones to be mobilized. The deficiency has gone on for so long that she
has weakened her bones.
D. Her parathyroid glands are malfunctioning and producing too much calcitonin thereby
stimulating osteoblast activity and weakening her bones.

Learning Objective: 6.04B. Describe how parathyroid hormone and calcitonin influence bone
health and calcium homeostasis.
Section: 06.04
6-56
86. If blood calcium levels are too high, ________ activity decreases, while _______ activity
increases.
A. osteoclast, osteoblast
B. osteoblasts, osteoclast
C. osteocyte, osteoclast
D. osteoclast, osteon
E. chondrocyte, osteon

Learning Objective: 6.04A. Explain the role of bone in calcium homeostasis.
Section: 06.04
6-57
87. A person who has had their thyroid removed may have low levels of __________ and thus
_______ blood calcium levels without replacement treatment.
A. parathyroid hormone; slightly higher
B. parathyroid hormone; slightly lower
C. calcitonin; slightly higher
D. calcitonin; slightly lower
E. melatonin; slightly higher

Section: 06.04
6-58
88. Parathyroid hormone

A. is secreted by the parathyroid glands.
B. causes an increase in the breakdown of bone.
C. increases the levels of blood calcium in the body.
D. indirectly stimulates osteoclast activity.
E. All of these are correct.

Section: 06.04
6-59
89. __________ secretion results in reabsorption of calcium from the urine in the kidney and
an increase in calcium absorption in the small intestine.
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone
C. Vitamin D
D. Cholecalciferol

Section: 06.04
6-60
90. __________ is bone inflammation that is usually due to a bacterial infection.

A. Osteoporosis
B. Osteomalacia
C. Osteopetrosis
D. Osteogenesis imperfecta
E. Osteomyelitis
bone tissue.
Section: 06.03
6-61
91. From the list below, pick the ONLY bone that is unpaired.
A. sphenoid
B. zygomatic
C. nasal
D. maxilla
E. temporal

body.
skull of an adult.
Section: 06.06
6-62
92. The structure designated by the letter A is the

A. articular facet.
B. transverse process.
C. vertebral foramen.
D. spinous process.
E. body.

body.
Section: 06.06
93. The structure designated by the letter B is the

A. articular facet.
B. transverse process.
C. vertebral foramen.
D. spinous process.
E. body.

body.
Section: 06.06
6-63
94.
This figure illustrates
A. the atlas.
B. the axis.
C. a general cervical vertebrae (C3-C7).
D. a general thoracic vertebrae.
E. a general lumbar vertebrae.

body.
Section: 06.06
6-64
95. This figure illustrates the

A. femur.
B. humerus.
C. radius.
D. ulna.
E. tibia.

body.
Section: 06.07
96. The letter B represents the

A. medial epicondyle.
B. greater tubercle.
C. olecranon fossa.
D. trochlea.
E. deltoid tuberosity.

body.
Section: 06.07
6-65
97. What bone articulates with the structure labeled with the letter A?
A. clavicle
B. humerus
C. radius
D. coxal bone
E. scapula

body.
Section: 06.07
98. While walking through a dark house, you hit the outside of your ankle on a bedpost. More
than likely you have hit the __________, which is a component of the __________.
A. calcaneus, tibia
B. calcaneus, fibula
C. lateral malleolus, tibia
D. lateral malleolus, fibula

body.
Section: 06.07
6-66
99. The joint between a tooth and its socket is an example of a __________ joint.
A. fibrous
B. cartilaginous
C. synovial

HAPS Learning Outcome: F08.1b With respect to classification of joints: Describe the
anatomical classification, based on structure - fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial and
provide examples of each type.
Learning Objective: 6.08B. Explain the structure of a fibrous joint, list the three types, and
give examples of each type..
Section: 06.08
100. __________ joints, a type of synovial joint, move only in one plane.
A. Hinge
B. Ball and socket
C. Ellipsoidal
D. Pivot
E. Saddle

HAPS Learning Outcome: F08.2 Identify the structural components of the synovial joint,
including accessory structures like bursae, tendon sheaths, and ligaments.
Learning Objective: 6.08D. Illustrate the structure of a synovial joint and explain the roles of
the components of a synovial joint.
Section: 06.08
6-67
101. __________ is a unique movement that occurs at the thumb as it moves toward the little
finger.
A. Pronation
B. Eversion
C. Opposition
D. Circumduction
E. Excursion

Section: 06.08
102. Which of the following does not occur as you age?

A. The bone matrix becomes more brittle due to the reduction in the collagen to mineral ratio.
B. The total amount of matrix in bone decreases.
C. Osteoclast activity outstrips osteoblast activity.
D. There is a decreased likelihood of bone fractures.
E. The production of synovial fluid decreases.

Section: 06.09
6-68

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Chapter 06 - Skeletal System: Bones and Joints

Seeleys Essentials of Anatomy and

Solution Manual: https://testbankpack.com/p/solution-manual-

Test Bank: https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-seeleys-

Multiple Choice Questions

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand

3. In adults, which of the following represents a set of fused bones?

Bloom's Level: 03. Apply

Bloom's Level: 04. Analyze

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand

6. The skeletal system helps maintain homeostasis by

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand

7. The extracellular matrix of bone

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand

8. Bones are a type of

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand

9. The extracellular matrix of cartilage may contain

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand

10. The extracellular matrix of tendons and ligaments is made up of

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand

Bloom's Level: 01. Remember

13. A long bone

Bloom's Level: 04. Analyze

Bloom's Level: 01. Remember

Bloom's Level: 01. Remember

Bloom's Level: 01. Remember

17. Which of the following is INCORRECT?

Bloom's Level: 04. Analyze

18. When bone growth (lengthening) stops,

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand

19. The periosteum

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand

22. Intramembranous ossification

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand

24. Which of these statements about bone growth is NOT correct?

Bloom's Level: 04. Analyze

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand

26. All of the following occur during endochondral ossification EXCEPT:

Bloom's Level: 04. Analyze

Bloom's Level: 03. Apply

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand

29. Which of these bones is a part of the appendicular skeleton?

Bloom's Level: 01. Remember

Bloom's Level: 01. Remember

Bloom's Level: 01. Remember

32. Which of these statements about the skull is true?

Bloom's Level: 04. Analyze

33. Which two bones contribute to the nasal septum?

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand

34. Which of these bones does not contain a paranasal sinus?

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand

Bloom's Level: 04. Analyze

36. The palate

Bloom's Level: 02. Understand

Bloom's Level: 01. Remember

38. Which of these sections of the vertebral column curve posteriorly?

Bloom's Level: 01. Remember

Bloom's Level: 04. Analyze