Sociology 16th Edition Macionis Test Bank Download

Macionis: Sociology, 16/e
Solution Manual for Sociology 16th Edition Macionis

0134157931 9780134157931
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0134157931-9780134157931/
In this revision of the test bank, I have updated all of the questions to reflect changes in
Sociology, 16th edition. In this revision, the questions are tagged according to six levels of
learning that move from lower-level to higher-level cognitive reasoning. The six levels
are:
REMEMBER: a question involving recall of key terms or factual material

UNDERSTAND: a question testing comprehension of more complex ideas
APPLY: a question applying sociological knowledge to some new situation
ANALYZE: a question requiring identifying elements of an argument and their
interrelationship
The 119 questions in this chapter’s test bank are divided into four types of questions.
True/False questions are the least demanding. As the table below shows, all of these
questions fall within the three lowest levels of cognitive reasoning (“Remember,”
“Understand,” and “Apply”). Multiple-choice questions also fall primarily within the
lowest levels of cognitive reasoning, although more of these questions are somewhat
demanding. Short answer questions also span a broad range of skills (from
“Understand” to “Evaluate”). Finally, essay questions are the most demanding, falling
within the three highest levels of cognitive reasoning (“Apply,” “Analyze,” “Evaluate,”
and “Create”).
Types of Questions
Easy to Difficult Level of Difficulty
True/False Mult Short Essay Total Qs
Choice Answer
Remember 36 (80%) 31 (56%) 0 0 67
Understand 5 (11%) 12 (21%) 3 (27%) 0 20
Apply 4 (9%) 13 (23%) 4 (36%) 2 (28.5%) 23
Analyze 0 0 4 (36%) 5 (71.5%) 9
45 56 11 7 119
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1

CHAPTER 6: SOCIAL INTERACTION IN EVERYDAY LIFE
TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS
TB_Q6.1.1
Through their social interaction, people create the reality they experience.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 6.1: Explain how social structure helps us to make sense of
everyday situations
Topic: Social Structure: A Guide to Everyday Living
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
TB_Q6.1.2
Social structure, including status and role, provides a guide for everyday living.
Answer: True
everyday situations
TB_Q6.2.3
Sociologists use the concept “status” to refer to someone’s importance.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 6.2: State the importance of status to social organization
Topic: Status
TB_Q6.2.4
Only a few statuses that we hold figure into our social identity.
Answer: False
Topic: Status
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts

TB_Q6.2.5
A status set refers to the roles people have over the course of their lifetimes.
Answer: False
Topic: Status
TB_Q6.2.6
Being a professional baseball player is mostly an achieved status.
Answer: True
Topic: Status
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
TB_Q6.2.7
A person’s racial or ethnic identity is largely an ascribed status.
Answer: True
Topic: Status
TB_Q6.2.8
The term “master status” refers to being the best in one’s occupational field.
Answer: False
Topic: Status
TB_Q6.2.9
Having a terminal illness may operate as a master status because people can react to the
disease as much as they do to the person.

Answer: True
Topic: Status
TB_Q6.3.10
A “role set” refers to all the roles a person has over the course of a lifetime.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 6.3: State the importance of role to social organization
Topic: Role
TB_Q6.3.11
Typically, each status is linked to several roles.
Answer: True
Topic: Role
TB_Q6.3.12
“Role conflict” refers to the conflict or incompatibility among the roles linked to two or
more statuses.
Answer: True
Topic: Role
TB_Q6.3.13
“Role strain” refers to differences between the same roles when performed by two
different people.
Answer: False
Topic: Role

TB_Q6.3.14
A father who wants to be both a friend and a role model to his son might experience role
strain.
Answer: True
Topic: Role
TB_Q6.3.15
The process by which people disengage from important social roles is termed “role exit.”
Answer: True
Topic: Role
TB_Q6.3.16
The global map in this chapter of the text shows that, in general, among nations in which
average income level is low, the share of housework performed by for women is high.
Answer: True
Topic: Role
TB_Q6.3.17
People usually have more statuses than roles.
Answer: False
Topic: Role
TB_Q6.4.18

The idea that reality is socially constructed means that, to most people, nothing seems
real at all.
Answer: False
Learning Objective: LO 6.4: Describe how we socially construct reality
Topic: The Social Construction of Reality
TB_Q6.4.19
Having “street smarts” amounts to the ability to make daily events unfold in the way that
you want them to.
Answer: True
TB_Q6.4.20
The Thomas theorem states that situations that are defined as real become real in their
consequences.
Answer: True
TB_Q6.4.21
Ethnomethodology is the study of how people present themselves to others.
Answer: False
TB_Q6.4.22
People around the world construct the same realities in their everyday interactions.
Answer: False


TB_Q6.4.23
The reality people build in their interaction depends only on the actors themselves, not on
the larger culture in which they live.
Answer: False
TB_Q6.4.24
The concept social media refers to technology that links people in social activity.
Answer: True
TB_Q6.4.25
Social media, based on computer technology, easily link large numbers of people who
may not be in the same physical space.
Answer: True
TB_Q6.5.26
Erving Goffman is the sociologist who developed the approach known as dramaturgical
analysis.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 6.5: Apply Goffman’s analysis to several familiar situations
Topic: Dramaturgical Analysis: The “Presentation of Self”

TB_Q6.5.27
A person’s effort to foster certain impressions in the minds of others is called the
“presentation of self.”
Answer: True
TB_Q6.5.28
According to dramaturgical analysis, a role operates like a part in a play and a status
serves as a script.
Answer: False
TB_Q6.5.29
In dramaturgical analysis, an examination room in a doctor’s office is one good example

of what Erving Goffman calls a “back region.”
Answer: True
TB_Q6.5.30
Nonverbal communication is communication using body movements, gestures, and facial

expressions instead of speech.
Answer: True

TB_Q6.5.31
There are specific gestures that indicate when a person is lying or otherwise engaging in
deception.
Answer: False
TB_Q6.5.32
People with less power typically have greater choice and flexibility in how they act in the
presence of others.
Answer: False
TB_Q6.5.33
In general, how much power people possess has nothing to do with how much personal
space they allow one another.
Answer: False
TB_Q6.5.34
Because men typically have more power in daily interactions than women, they are more
likely to intrude on the personal space of women.
Answer: True
TB_Q6.5.35

In everyday conversation, men tend to maintain more eye contact than women.
Answer: False
TB_Q6.5.36
Dramaturgical analysis treats embarrassment as “losing face.”
Answer: True
TB_Q6.5.37
Tact is common because embarrassment causes discomfort for both the presenter and
members of the audience.
Answer: True
TB_Q6.6.38
Emotions have both a biological and cultural foundation.
Answer: True
Learning Objective: LO 6.6: Construct a sociological analysis of three aspects of
everyday life: emotions, language, and humor
Topic: Interaction in Everyday Life: Three Applications
TB_Q6.6.39
Employers rarely concern themselves with the emotions of employees.
Answer: False


TB_Q6.6.40
Because emotions have some basis in biology, one would be completely wrong to say
that emotions are “socially constructed.”
Answer: False
TB_Q6.6.41
Ending words with “ette” and “ess” denotes femininity, which generally reduces the
value of something.
Answer: True
TB_Q6.6.42
The less incongruity or difference that people perceive between conventional and
unconventional social definitions of reality, the greater the potential for humor.
Answer: False
TB_Q6.6.43
Despite the fact that the world’s people live in different cultures, humor “travels well”
because it is a universal element of human culture.

Answer: False
TB_Q6.6.44
Racial and ethnic conflict is an important source of humor around the world.
Answer: True
TB_Q6.6.45
People sometimes use jokes to “put down” others, which is a basic form of social
conflict.
Answer: True
MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
TB_Q6.1.46
Harold and Sybil are lost while driving to some friends’ house. Harold will not stop to
ask for directions as Sybil wants him to. This story illustrates the pattern that ________
a. social interaction is actually mostly random.
b. men and women may have disagreements about who should drive.
c. men avoid asking for directions because they want to keep a sense of control.
d. men are more interested in connectedness than women are.
Answer: c
everyday situations


TB_Q6.1.47
The process by which people act and react in relation to others is called ________
a. social connectedness.
b. social construction.
c. social dynamics.
d. social interaction.
Answer: d
everyday situations
TB_Q6.2.48
Which of the following concepts defines a social position that a person holds?
a. Role
b. Status
c. Role set
d. Presentation of self
Answer: b
Topic: Status
TB_Q6.2.49
At any given time you occupy a number of statuses. These statuses make up your
________
a. master status.
b. role set.
c. achieved statuses.
d. status set.
Answer: d
Topic: Status

TB_Q6.2.50
What concept refers to a social position that is received at birth or involuntarily assumed
later in life?
a. Passive role
b. Master status
c. Ascribed status
d. Achieved status
Answer: c
Topic: Status
TB_Q6.2.51
Which concept refers to a social position that is assumed voluntarily and that reflects a
significant measure of personal ability and effort?
a. Active role
b. Master status
c. Ascribed status
d. Achieved status
Answer: d
Topic: Status
TB_Q6.2.52
Which concept refers to a status that has special importance for social identity, often
shaping a person’s entire life?
a. Social status
b. Master status
c. Ascribed status
d. Achieved status
Answer: b
Topic: Status

TB_Q6.2.53
Julie is a police officer who finds that wherever she goes in her small town, people seem
to think of her as a “cop.” Julie is experiencing the effects of ________
a. role exit.
b. master status.
c. ascribed status.
d. status conflict.
Answer: b
Topic: Status
TB_Q6.2.54
Akbar is an honors student. In sociological terms, being an honors student is an example

of ________
a. role conflict.
b. master status.
c. ascribed status.
d. achieved status.
Answer: d
Topic: Status
TB_Q6.2.55
Which item in the following list is best thought of as an achieved status?

a. Occupation
b. Physical or mental disability
c. Gender
d. Race
Answer: a
Topic: Status
TB_Q6.3.56

Sociologists use which concept to refer to behavior that people expect from someone who
holds a particular status?
a. Role
b. Master status
c. Status set
d. Role set
Answer: a
Topic: Role
TB_Q6.3.57
A role set refers to ________

a. all the roles found in a society.
b. a number of roles attached to a single status.
c. all the roles that are similar in function.
d. a number of roles within any particular organization.
Answer: b
Topic: Role
TB_Q6.3.58
What is the concept that refers to the conflict among roles corresponding to two or more
statuses?
a. Role conflict
b. Role strain
c. Role set
d. Role exit
Answer: a
Topic: Role
TB_Q6.3.59
Shawna is an excellent artist, but as a mother, she feels that she cannot work and devote
enough time to her family. She is experiencing ________

a. role conflict.
b. role strain.
c. role ambiguity.
d. role exit.
Answer: a
Topic: Role
TB_Q6.3.60
Which concept refers to the tension among roles connected to a single status?
a. Role conflict
b. Role strain
c. Role ambiguity
d. Role exit
Answer: b
Topic: Role
TB_Q6.3.61
Which concept is involved when a surgeon chooses not to operate on her own son
because the personal involvement of motherhood could impair her professional
objectivity as a physician?
a. Role conflict
b. Role strain
c. Role ambiguity
d. Role exit
Answer: a
Topic: Role
Difficulty Level: Difficult
TB_Q6.3.62
Which concept is involved when a plant supervisor wants to be a good friend and
confidant to the workers, but must remain distant in order to rate the workers’
performances?

a. Role conflict
b. Role strain
c. Role ambiguity
d. Role exit
Answer: b
Topic: Role
TB_Q6.3.63
What is the term for the process by which people disengage from important social roles?
a. Role rejection
b. Role reversal
c. Role loss
d. Role exit
Answer: d
Topic: Role
TB_Q6.3.64
Rebuilding relationships with people who knew you in an earlier period of life is a
common experience for those who are undergoing ________
a. role conflict.
b. role strain.
c. role ambiguity.
d. role exit.
Answer: d
Topic: Role
TB_Q6.4.65
Which concept is used to designate the process by which people creatively shape reality
as they interact?
a. Status interaction
b. Social construction of reality

c. Interactive reality
d. Role reality
Answer: b
TB_Q6.4.66
Flirting is a playful way of seeing if someone is interested in you without risking outright
rejection. Therefore, flirting provides a good illustration of ________
a. the Thomas theorem.
b. the process of role exit.
c. the social construction of reality.
d. street smarts.
Answer: c
TB_Q6.4.67
The Thomas theorem states that ________

a. a role is as a role does.
b. people rise to their level of incompetence.
c. situations defined as real are real in their consequences.
d. people know the world only through their language.
Answer: c
TB_Q6.4.68
Garfinkel’s research, an approach called ethnomethodology, involves ________

a. studying the way people make sense of their everyday surroundings.
b. tracking people’s roles over the life course.
c. the study of interaction in terms of theatrical performance.
d. studying unfamiliar cultural systems.

Answer: a
TB_Q6.4.69
The reality we construct through social interaction is likely influenced by our ________
a. social class background.
b. soft reality.
c. hard reality.
d. spirituality.
Answer: a
TB_Q6.4.70
Twitter and Facebook are examples of ________

a. social media.
b. dramaturgical analysis.
c. the Thomas theorem.
d. face-to-face social interaction.
Answer: a
TB_Q6.5.71
The study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance is referred to as

________
a. ethnomethodology.
b. dramaturgical analysis.
c. the Thomas theorem.
d. the social construction of reality.
Answer: b


TB_Q6.5.72
Which sociologist developed the approach called dramaturgical analysis?

a. George Herbert Mead
b. Harold Garfinkel
c. Erving Goffman
d. W. I. Thomas
Answer: c
TB_Q6.5.73
What does the concept “presentation of self” mean?

a. Efforts to create impressions in the minds of others
b. Being very self-conscious
c. Interaction that is highly formal
d. Trying to take attention away from others
Answer: a
TB_Q6.5.74
According to Erving Goffman, we engage in a _____ when we use costumes, props, tone
of voice, and gestures to convey information to others.
a. role
b. performance
c. status
d. self
Answer: b

TB_Q6.5.75
A ______ can be considered a prop in the classroom performance of a professor.

a. backpack
b. lectern
c. cell phone
d. confident tone of voice
Answer: b
TB_Q6.5.76
The power relationship between physicians and patients is immediately evident when the
patient enters the doctor’s office because ________
a. it is up to patients to decide when they will see the doctor.
b. the physician is already there to greet the patient.
c. patients must wait until a “gatekeeper” admits them to see the doctor in the
office’s “back region.”
d. patients generally address physicians by their first names.
Answer: c
TB_Q6.5.77
Research on gender and personal performances suggests that ________

a. men “read” women better than women “read” men.
b. women “read” men better than men “read” women.
c. neither sex is any better at “reading” the other.
d. both sexes can “read” behavior of own sex better than the other sex.
Answer: b
TB_Q6.5.78

Nonverbal communication refers to ________

a. body movements, gestures, and facial expressions.
b. instant messaging and other e-communication.
c. written language.
d. beliefs assumed to be true by everyone.
Answer: a
TB_Q6.5.79
An important element of nonverbal communication is ________

a. tone of voice.
b. the back region.
c. body language.
d. idealization.
Answer: c
TB_Q6.5.80
The careful observer can notice clues indicating that someone is telling a lie. People give
off these clues because ________
a. our culture defines specific gestures to convey dishonesty.
b. nonverbal communication is hard for most people to control.
c. few people ever intend to lie.
d. research shows that most criminals really want to be caught.
Answer: b
TB_Q6.5.81
“Personal space” is a concept that refers to ________

a. owned property, such as a house or land.
b. unowned space in a public place.

c. the surrounding area over which an individual makes some claim to privacy.
d. a feeling of needing isolation from others.
Answer: c
TB_Q6.5.82
In the United States, people stand farther away from one another when they are talking
than two people would in a Middle Eastern nation. This pattern reveals differences in
meaning attached to ________
a. personal hygiene.
b. personal space.
c. facial gestures.
d. the rights of women compared to men.
Answer: b
TB_Q6.5.83
According to Erving Goffman, people usually make efforts to _____ their intentions.
a. idealize
b. reveal
c. hide
d. contradict
Answer: a
TB_Q6.5.84
Smiling and making polite remarks to people we do not like is an example of ________
a. making another feel embarrassment.
b. exercising power over another.
c. idealizing a personal performance.
d. losing face.

Answer: c
TB_Q6.5.85
Which phrase was used by Erving Goffman to refer to being embarrassed in a social
situation?
a. “Breaking” a role
b. “Idealizing” a performance
c. “Exiting” a role
d. “Losing face”
Answer: d
TB_Q6.5.86
In terms of dramaturgical analysis, another term for helping a person to “save face,” or
avoid embarrassment, is ________
a. role exit.
b. tact.
c. idealization.
d. creating personal space.
Answer: b
TB_Q6.5.87
Tact is a common response in potentially embarrassing situations because ________

a. we like most people with whom we interact.
b. our cultural norms demand looking out for others.
c. everyone feels discomfort when a constructed reality breaks down.
d. most people are unsure how to act in most situations.
Answer: c


TB_Q6.6.88
Based on research around the world, Paul Ekman concludes that people everywhere
express how many basic emotions?
a. One
b. Three
c. Six
d. Over twenty-five
Answer: c
TB_Q6.6.89
Ekman claims that a major function of emotions is to ________

a. let us be “ourselves.”
b. support group life by forging connections with others.
c. limit the power of society over us.
d. give people a feeling of independence from others.
Answer: b
TB_Q6.6.90
When it comes to what triggers emotions in people and how those emotions are
displayed, culture ________
a. plays a minor role.
b. plays an important role.
c. has no effect.
d. only has an effect when individuals are socially marginalized.
Answer: b


TB_Q6.6.91
Arlie Hochschild explains that companies typically ________

a. try to regulate the emotions of workers.
b. focus on behavior rather than emotions.
c. encourage the free expression of emotions.
d. ignore the emotions of workers.
Answer: a
TB_Q6.6.92
In her study of women’s abortions experiences, Jennifer Keys discovered that feelings are
guided by ________
a. biological processes over which people have no control.
b. our inner selves.
c. “emotional scripts.”
d. cultural biases.
Answer: c
TB_Q6.6.93
Most women take the family name of a man they marry. In sociological terms, this is an
example of how language can be used to convey ________
a. power over others.
b. personal knowledge of others.
c. the importance of others.
d. the importance of the marital bond.

Answer: a
TB_Q6.6.94
The English language often treats whatever has greater value, power, or importance as
________
a. gender-free.
b. feminine.
c. masculine.
d. humorous.
Answer: c
TB_Q6.6.95
Humor is created when people ________

a. create and contrast two different realities.
b. say things that have no meaning at all.
c. speak with great clarity.
d. say things that offend others.
Answer: a
TB_Q6.6.96
In a “well-told” joke, ________

a. the unconventional and conventional definitions of reality are given so quickly
that people will not understand the difference.
b. there is a very sharp contrast between the conventional and unconventional
definitions of reality.
c. the conventional and unconventional definitions of reality are virtually the same.

d. the conventional and unconventional definitions of reality are confused.
Answer: b
TB_Q6.6.97
The idea of “getting” a joke, according to the text, depends on ________

a. knowing the joke teller well.
b. having a different social background than the joke teller.
c. understanding the two realities involved and appreciating their difference.
d. understanding exactly why someone is telling a joke.
Answer: c
TB_Q6.6.98
In general, an important foundation of humor is ________

a. incongruity—differences in meaning.
b. differences in social standing.
c. gender differences.
d. differences in culture.
Answer: a
TB_Q6.6.99
When interacting with people of an unfamiliar cultural background, ________

a. telling jokes is a good way to “break the ice.”
b. we find people everywhere enjoy many of the same jokes.
c. we find that some cultures do not have humor.

d. what is funny to people in one society may not be funny to those from another
society.
Answer: d
TB_Q6.6.100
Looking at humor from a structural-functional viewpoint, jokes ________

a. tend to bring people together.
b. can be a way of making one category of people feel good at the expense of
another.
c. are a good way of reducing conflict in society.
d. are often used to relieve tension—“lightening” a situation.
Answer: d
TB_Q6.6.101
From a social-conflict point of view, jokes ________

a. tend to bring people together.
b. can be a way of making one category of people feel good at the expense of
another.
c. are a good way of reducing conflict in society.
d. are often used to relieve tension —“lightening” a situation.
Answer: b

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
TB_Q6.2.102
Describe how status and role operate as two building blocks of daily social interaction.
Answer:
Topic: Status
TB_Q6.2.103
Explain the difference between an ascribed status and an achieved status. Give examples
of statuses that are mostly ascribed and those that are mostly achieved.
Answer:
Topic: Status
TB_Q6.2.104
Explain the concepts of status set and role set. Provide examples of each concept.
Answer:
Topic: Status
TB_Q6.4.105
Explain the idea of socially constructing reality by using examples from everyday life.
Answer:
TB_Q6.4.106

What is the Thomas theorem? Provide an example of how it works. How is this theorem
an example of the process we call the “social construction of reality”?
Answer:
Skill Level: Analyze It
TB_Q6.4.107
What are “social media?” Provide examples of social media and explain their importance
to everyday life.
Answer:
TB_Q6.5.108
Explain the basic approach called dramaturgical analysis. From this point of view,
explain how we engage in the “presentation of self.”
Answer:
TB_Q6.5.109
What is nonverbal communication? How do people use it in everyday life?
Answer:
TB_Q6.5.110
Identify several ways gender affects personal performances.
Answer:


TB_Q6.5.111
Stan claims that gender has nothing to do with patterns of social interaction. To him, men
and women in the same settings behave in the same ways. Use material from this chapter
to evaluate this assertion.
Answer:
TB_Q6.6.112
Explain how emotions are guided by both biology and culture.
Answer:
ESSAY QUESTIONS/TOPICS FOR SHORT PAPERS
TB_Q6.2.113
In a short essay, identify a number of your own statuses. What roles correspond to each?
Do any operate as master statuses? How? Identify which statuses are mostly ascribed and
which are mostly achieved. Use one or more examples to explain why many statuses are
both ascribed and achieved.
Answer:
Topic: Status
TB_Q6.5.114

Recall your own experience with a college or job interview. Now imagine that someone
new to that situation asks you for advice about how to dress, speak, and act. Write an
essay in which you explain how to influence other people in a positive way.
Answer:
TB_Q6.5.115
Language helps create social reality, beginning with the division of people into worlds of
“maleness” and “femaleness.” Write an essay in which you explain how language
involving gender creates different worlds for women and men. Think of specific ways in
which everyday language places the two sexes in different and unequal social positions.
Answer:
TB_Q6.5.116
Explain Erving Goffman’s ideas on the presentation of self. What are the elements of
“presentations?” For example, how does a college professor engage in a scripted
presentation of self to a class? What about a professor’s office? What features of the
office are used to convey information to an observer?
Answer:
TB_Q6.6.117
Explain ways in which human emotions are the same everywhere and ways in which they
are different. In your essay, assess the importance of both the biological and the cultural
foundations of human emotions.
Answer:


TB_Q6.6.118
Read through the box titled “Managing Feelings: Women’s Abortion Experiences” on
page 169 of the text. In what ways do “feeling scripts” guide women’s experiences with
abortion? Identify some other social situation in which you have been guided by “feeling
scripts.” Explain what factors guide the way reality is constructed.
Answer:
TB_Q6.6.119
What makes something funny? Explain the foundation of humor and what is involved in
“getting” a joke.
Answer:

Name ________________________________
Quick Quiz: Chapter 6

Social Interaction in Everyday Life
Multiple Choice:
TB_Q6.4.120
The reality we construct through social interaction is likely influenced by our________

a. social class background.
b. soft reality.
c. hard reality.
d. spirituality.
Answer: a
TB_Q6.5.121
Which sociologist developed the approach called dramaturgical analysis?

George Herbert Mead
Harold Garfinkel
Erving Goffman
W. I. Thomas
Answer: c
TB_Q6.5.122
An important element of nonverbal communication is is ________

a. tone of voice.
b. the back region.
c. body language.
d. idealization.
Answer: c


TB_Q6.6.123
Based on research around the world, Paul Ekman concludes that people everywhere have
how many basic emotions?
a. One
b. Three
c. Six
d. Over twenty-five
Answer: c
TB_Q6.6.124
When it comes to what triggers emotions in people and how those emotions are
displayed, culture ________
a. plays a minor role.
b. plays an important role.
c. has no effect.
d. only has an effect when individuals are socially marginalized.
Answer: b
TB_Q6.6.125
The English language often treats whatever has greater value, power, or importance as
________
a. gender-free.
b. feminine.
c. masculine.
d. humorous.
Answer: c


TB_Q6.5.126
Which of the following phrases was used by Erving Goffman to refer to being
embarrassed in asocial situation?
a. “Breaking” a role
b. “Idealizing” a performance
c. “Exiting” a role
d. “Losing face”
Answer: d
True/False
TB_Q6.3.127
Typically, each status is linked to several roles.
Answer: True
Topic: Role
TB_Q6.5.128
In dramaturgical analysis, an examination room in a doctor’s office is one good example

of what Erving Goffman calls a “back region.”
Answer: True

Short Answer
TB_Q6.6.129
Explain how emotions are guided by both biology and culture.
Answer:

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Macionis: Sociology, 16/e

Solution Manual for Sociology 16th Edition Macionis

REMEMBER: a question involving recall of key terms or factual material

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1

CHAPTER 6: SOCIAL INTERACTION IN EVERYDAY LIFE

Sociologists use the concept “status” to refer to someone’s importance.

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 2

Being a professional baseball player is mostly an achieved status.

A person’s racial or ethnic identity is largely an ascribed status.

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 3

Typically, each status is linked to several roles.

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Skill Level: Remember the Facts

People usually have more statuses than roles.

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Ethnomethodology is the study of how people present themselves to others.

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Learning Objective: LO 6.4: Describe how we socially construct reality

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Skill Level: Remember the Facts

In dramaturgical analysis, an examination room in a doctor’s office is one good example

Nonverbal communication is communication using body movements, gestures, and facial

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 8

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Dramaturgical analysis treats embarrassment as “losing face.”

Emotions have both a biological and cultural foundation.

Employers rarely concern themselves with the emotions of employees.

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Learning Objective: LO 6.6: Construct a sociological analysis of three aspects of

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Difficulty Level: Easy

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Akbar is an honors student. In sociological terms, being an honors student is an example

Which item in the following list is best thought of as an achieved status?

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A role set refers to ________

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The Thomas theorem states that ________

Garfinkel’s research, an approach called ethnomethodology, involves ________

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Twitter and Facebook are examples of ________

The study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance is referred to as

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Difficulty Level: Easy

Which sociologist developed the approach called dramaturgical analysis?

What does the concept “presentation of self” mean?

Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 21

A ______ can be considered a prop in the classroom performance of a professor.

Research on gender and personal performances suggests that ________

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Nonverbal communication refers to ________

An important element of nonverbal communication is ________

“Personal space” is a concept that refers to ________

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Tact is a common response in potentially embarrassing situations because ________

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Learning Objective: LO 6.5: Apply Goffman’s analysis to several familiar situations

Ekman claims that a major function of emotions is to ________

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