Safety

Safety Overview
Objectives:
• State basic safety rules.
• Describe the effects of electric current on
the human body.
• Discuss the responsibilities of OSHA.
• Discuss lockout and tagout procedures.
 Safety Overview
Objectives:
• Explain proper placement of a straight
ladder.
• Discuss the use of scaffolds.
• Discuss classes of fires.
• Discuss ground-fault circuit interrupters.
• Discuss the importance of grounding.
 Safety Overview
General Safety Rules
• THINK FIRST! This is the most important
safety rule!
• Never work on an energized circuit if it is
possible to disconnect the power.
• Avoid horseplay.
• Do not work alone.
• Work with one hand when possible.
• Learn first aid and CPR.
 Safety Overview
General Safety Rules
• The OSHA mission is to ensure safe and
healthy workplaces.
• Avoid using alcohol and drugs in the
workplace.
• Avoid walking close to trenches.
• Don’t jump over trenches, walk around
them.
• Place barricades around trenches.
 Safety Overview
General Safety Rules
• Use ladders to enter and exit trenches.
• Always maintain an outside person to
monitor people working in confined
spaces.
• Lockout and tagout procedures prevent
accidental energizing of circuits.
• Scaffolds provide the safest elevated
working platform.
 Safety Overview

A safety tag used to tagout equipment.

 Safety Overview

The OSHA lockout and tagout procedures

prevent electrical accidents!
 Safety Overview
General Safety Rules
• A straight ladder should be positioned so
that its bottom is placed away from the
wall a distance of ¼ the vertical height of
the ladder where it touches the wall.
• Ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) are
used to protect people from electrical
shock.
• NEC 250 refers to grounding
requirements.
 Safety Overview
0.100-0.200 (DEATH) THIS RANGE GENERALLY
AMPERES CAUSES FIBRILLATION OF THE HEART.
WHEN THE HEART IS IN THIS CONDITION,
IT VIBRATES AT A FAST RATE LIKE A
"QUIVER" AND CEASES TO PUMP BLOOD
TO THE REST OF THE BODY.

0.060-0.100 (EXTREME DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING)

AMPERES

0.040-0.060 (BREATHING DIFFICULTY)

AMPERES

0.030-0.040 (MUSCULAR PARALYSIS)

AMPERES

0.020-0.030 (UNABLE TO LET GO OF THE CIRCUIT)

AMPERES

0.010-0.020 (VERY PAINFUL)

AMPERES

0.009-0.010 (MODERATE SENSATION)

0.002-0.003 (SLIGHT TINGLING SENSATION)

AMPERES

Effects of electric current on the human body.

 Safety Overview

A GFCI device monitors both the hot and neutral

currents. These currents should be equal!
 Safety Overview

Unequal currents may mean an unwanted

pathway through a person! This is a ground fault.
 Safety Overview

One type of GFCI device is a special circuit breaker.

 Safety Overview

Another type of GFCI device is a special receptacle.

 Safety Overview
• Fires can be divided into four classes:
– Class A: wood and paper
– Class B: grease, liquids, and gases
– Class C: energized electric equipment
– Class D: metals
 Safety Overview
Review:
1. Never work on an energized circuit if it is
possible to disconnect the power.
2. Avoid horseplay.
3. The most important rule of safety is to
think first.
4. Do not work alone.
5. Work with one hand when possible.
 Safety Overview
Review:
6. A current of 100 to 200 milliamperes
passing through the heart generally
causes death.
7. The mission of OSHA is to ensure safe
and healthy workplaces.
8. Learn first aid and CPR.
9. Avoid using alcohol and drugs in the
workplace.
 Safety Overview
Review:

10. Don’t walk close to trenches unless it is

necessary.
11. Don’t jump over trenches; walk around
them.
12. Place barricades around trenches.
13. Use ladders to enter and exit trenches.
 Safety Overview
Review:

14. When working in confined spaces, an

outside person should keep in constant
contact with the people inside the space.
15. Lockout and tagout procedures are used
to prevent someone from energizing a
circuit by mistake.
 Safety Overview
Review:

16. The bottom of a straight ladder should be

placed a distance from the wall equal to
one fourth the height where the top of the
ladder makes contact with the wall.
17. Scaffolds generally provide the safest
elevated working platform.
 Safety Overview
Review:
18. Fires can be divided into four classes:
Class A is common items such as wood
or paper; Class B is grease, liquids, and
gases; Class C is energized electric
equipment; and Class D is metals.
19. Ground-fault circuit interrupters are used
to protect people from electric shock.
 Safety Overview
Review:

20. GFCI protectors open the circuit when

approximately five milliamperes of
ground-fault current are sensed.
21. NEC® 250 lists the requirements for
grounding electrical systems.