1

A comparison of single-phase and phase-gated average verification planning for phase-

gated proton treatment
I. Abstract
II. Introduction
A. PI: IMPT offers treatment advantages for chest and abdominal treatment sites.
(Reference: Tryggestad et al,1 Hu et al,2 Deiter et al3)
B. PII: Uncertainties exist in IMPT dose delivery, and verification scanning and
replanning is common. (Reference: Hu et al,2 Deiter et al,3 Evans et al,4 Green et
al5)
C. PIII: Motion management is required for IMPT when target motion is present.
(Reference: Tryggestad et al,1 Gelover et al,6 Gut et al,9 Taasti et al10)
D. PIV: The replan rate for motion management treatment sites is high. (Reference:
Hu et al,2 Gelover et al,6 Fakhraei et al,7 Mundy et al8)
E. PV: Verification scanning requires extensive clinical resources. (Reference: Hu et
al,2 Evans et al4)
F. PVI: Adaptive proton radiotherapy offers benefits to treatment delivery with
IMPT. (Reference: Green et al,5 Hu et al2)
G. PVII: Adaptive proton radiotherapy requires efficient workflows, and phase-gated
scanning is currently incompatible with automated software. (Reference:
Tryggestad et al,1 Green et al,5 Gelover et al6)
H. PVIII: Summarize introduction points.
1. Problem: The problem is that the verification process for patients
receiving phase-gated proton treatment requires the creation of a
new phase-gated average scan which is time consuming, requires
additional clinical resources, and is incompatible with current
software used for automatic verification planning. 
2. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare target coverage
(V95%) reported on phase-gated average verification plans to target
coverage on single-phase verification plans to ensure that the results
are within 5% to ensure clinical acceptability.
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3. Hypothesis: The first research hypothesis (H1) is that a single-phase

verification plan will result in reported CTV coverage (V95%) that is
within 5% of the reported CTV coverage for a phase-gated average
verification plan for patients receiving phase-gated proton
treatment. The first null hypothesis (H10) is that a single-phase
verification plan will not result in reported CTV coverage (V95%)
that is within 5% of the reported CTV coverage for a phase-gated
average verification plan for patients receiving phase-gated proton
treatment.
III. Materials and Methods
IV. Results
V. Discussion
VI. Conclusion
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