NAME- INDEX NUMBER

Nyantakyi Nana Yaw Ofori -10843029

Mensah Adelaide - 10822235
Lomotey Alice - 10844988
Vroom-Laryea Henry 10850512
Laarie Diana Dimbian 10826711
Prince Arthur - 10809485

There are two broad categories of functions that every local government is expected to
provide to its citizens these are organizational functions and human development functions. The
organizational functions are
Political decentralization: “Political’ decentralization typically identifies the transfer of decision-
making power to citizens or their elected representatives” (Cohen and Peterson, 1999:18).

Administrative decentralization: This “often means the transfer or the recruitment of

professionals and bureaucrats, who then form part of the administrative organizations 
receiving them” (Ahwoi, 2010:134).

Fiscal Decentralization: This refers to “The transfer of fiscal resources and revenue-generating
powers, inclusive of authority over budgets and financial decisions” from central
government to other organizations (Crawford, 2004)
Human development functions in this case are police service, Education service and Health
service.

The types of Authorities Given to local governments are Devolution and deconcentration
authorities. Divestment is given to the private sector or non-governmental organizations.
Devolution: This refers to the transfer of autonomous policy decision-making and
implementation authority from central government to lower-level organizations within the state. 
Deconcentration: This refers to the transfer of authority from central government to lower-level
organizations within the state to implement policies made by central government.

ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY FUNCTIONS

Locality A requires political devolution. Because of the high educational levels evident in
the 20% the citizens possessing at least a first degree from diverse programs of tertiary
education. The citizens of locality A have the conceptual capacity to choose competent people ho
can make sound decisions for the locality. Because of their good educational background, a
majority of them can properly scrutinize candidates for local chief executives.

On the other hand, local territory B needs political deconcentration. Owing to the fact that this
locality has very few people with tertiary education, and most are unemployed or in the informal
sector of farming, they would not select their leaders based on the ones that will make the best
policies for the community but rather they would elect people who are rich or well known as
their local government representatives.

For fiscal decentralization locality A requires Fiscal devolution. The average monthly
salaries of people in this community is 3000 cedis and about 60% of the citizens work in the
formal sector so they are in a pole position to generate their own revenue from the community
through taxes and donations and use it for the expenditures that they deem fit.

locality B, requires Fiscal deconcentration. Generally, income levels in the locality are relatively
low, it will be difficult to generate enough fiscal resources that will sufficiently cater for the
expenditures. Hence, the central government needs to transfer fiscal resources to locality B.

For Administrative decentralization, Local territory A needs administrative devolution.

They need the authority to recruit middle and lower level by their local government to implement
decisions made by the central government. Local territory A are in a good position to have
competent personnel due to the high levels of education and majority of the citizens working in
the formal sector Locality B needs administrative devolution as well. The local government in
territory b needs authority to recruit professionals and bureaucrats from the locality. Since most
people are in the informal sector, it will take the citizens of the locality themselves to know the
competent members among them.

DECENTRALIZATION OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT FUNCTIONS

 LOCAL TERRITORY A

Police service devolution. Since income levels are high and the average cost of living is
high, there will be alarm for security hence the local government needs the authority to have total
control over their police service. More attention will be given to security. On the contrary, if the
central government provides police service, they won’t be total focus on this locality because the
central government has other responsibility.

LOCAL TERRITORY B

Police service deconcentration is needed. This is because not much attention is needed for
security relatively comparing to locality A. There will inevitably be crimes however, it wouldn’t
be as urgent as the demand for locality A

EDUCATION SERVICES

LOCAL TERRITORY A

There is the need for Education service devolution. There are a lot of educated people in
this locality so there is no doubt the citizens know the importance of education. The local
government will therefore prioritize education

LOCAL TERRITORY B
 Education service deconcentration. Owing to the fact that there not so many educated
people in this locality, education will not be prioritized therefore the central government should
take over decisions about education.

HEALTHCARE DECENTRALIZATION

LOCAL TERRITORY A

This locality needs healthcare service devolution. Typically. an area like this will have mre
private hospital which means that they can do well in making healthcare decisions and so it will
be ideal if the central government grants them the authority to do so ,

LOCAL TERRITORY B
Local governments in this locality will not thrive with healthcare service devolution. This
is because most of the citizens are still struggling with basic needs. They are not in the capacity
to make decisions about healthservice cares