Dete:

Page No.

Endocon
Nucear £ndospernace nuclcaz ncdospcAm

siin telchua) Cndospem

ek ycle yde n cats.

Seasanal Giezderc
Menshual cucle- canhnuoLA 1eedere

othits aion2

inceae Ahe concelkahon pxogeaterone in emalos }ody

LH

hormong As hin hüxmime is Teapnahle oY (yulahon

prevenhoh

Alaithal the eqq ahichin found in female.

HOmolachal [ yolk dislbufed
=) MiutolaciHyalgoiNa ha canhe) equaty
Qelolachal Cyolk ar th Corner)
Cenholaihal ( olat hcen
suiical Yemoval of umal uler toAdo ta mang phaio
Hisha tumy :
Leada o p honmonal imbalance.
1eSultsin ef a/lect
4he plysinfoghcal proßlemn. (no mnsYual cåcte)
Spe cialat who anereApÜnsale ur de liveiy
ot a baby.
 Date :
P'age No.

Cwht spot:
Aaita Albiniam qrp_o! inhoriled_cliaorcders oharatteaitte
Albinom hdea

Lao o seq1eqahion considered t be trw HlLclate

Linsage
father o henehcaAeAdt). Carego Mende
Rathasaf eopcaimEnksl Genchi:]homas Mg
Phanyl alanina s hene.
Phenyialaning hydYoxytage

Rsenu Rhenylipuuie acd

Cmake the penson mentaky readed
$resultin accimulation ofphanyt
puTuvic in b i a i n a

thexe is mulahm fn thia qene hia àgdd LAads to

the ceplccomont muaelia hy Adipe Hssu

OLiqDzoDsparmia Low spemm count

 Date:
Päge No.

Sessile looer he {lo0er 1ohich do not have stak

Lilce shuchire hlow halamus.

Casenhial part
Anthex Srom en
Stiqma ilamen

Petal ((o1otla)
Carpel Sh¡e

ScpalaL Caly)
bictt Prok chive hssALR beloicsepaia
Rlat phcaa
Veqetahye Phoae
hudding
toering.
zipening
(3isw cuthure)
’ miYD PIopagahon
Joipnkency he abluny ba Single call t cliuide s
Pro duce al ihe ceren halkd cola Nan 0rqansn
sem ca in human is exCimp
 Date :
Page No.

Conaaculahim: Removal of anthor. ton the bisekual<lowes

BRloe ahe deh£ scence of cnther
Csup tún g of an the)

Chall'nckonay. Bemoya) of Ghall Bladder

XM0gamy CAllo qamy)

CALG - Coronary Avey By- paa Surçep Canhig
Auhoqnatt
Polinghon.
Autogamy Pseucdocopulahn
heitonogamy
Xen Dgamy
Cleistoyamy
t Chamogam alo ays Xemgamy plant in1eap0nse lo qquh

PlantaDhich ia callaa Drosnghda c plcnt kingdiomt nby

Auabidopsis Anahanaheo2. ess chxAnosoma

Becaat,hey teud upun h eaat ound n frait

pahcalaly mangD banana
Like humana.
’ shobitanthua kunlhianaNeela kurini) :

PbanthokZoAe
ProPunclLe zne
Limnah
Proto 1al
 fDate:
Page No

Rolinahens.
Arcemo philly ioind)
Ayanphitly. Loater)
Cao moph1s (insects) - aight colbu pollaDcrain,bean
D1nithophily, CIairda) iagmne,o athachng shicha
Malaco ohita (snala) pollen harin, chb mataial
olenk it colhuc fel petela.
Chiapteiophils<&sak) pollenkit
Piovice

Hay 4ove palen allcq

habitahs.
Halaphy ka: plants fnund in sath

Heerophily i PlantK heanng hoo typca flaue, like

of eces
hydrnphylea he anng hoo typchave he
Öne in oaleg oioothoy
Smal
Lohy humming tiranho (Snaleat Pira) baving
Siz2
ALen's rule

Chitopespphily
polination duing nigh
Piklatn la 3Pastot)& fra qaiwOieA

aninnaa CY Caled coprnphagou

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|Page No.

-Aleoteny/PadoqChcais Re OXocuchan ia, possible

tadpole

Ohiptaillizard.-Xephlho
RaLihen0 4eneis qahlizahon.
Arhenntnk Drong honybea
heltnlkyohiplail
aphitok ukeg
liard.
Athnomurphicfouger
Zycpmophie LoLer
raciah symmehy.
Biakaal symniehy
tahy nbxadùngí cuaeA acäeaaca
Subreoding tooda to the honmo zugo & Uho Glond
change o 4h sanLe ecosive chaa cher inca Cue
Conhaaing fom ofasingle gene-"Alelea
MicInsOeneA
^mali qamek o1mahum
COnnechve
FLdeimia
-fdotheLium
Stomiu
Japeham
 Pspe No.

DuisKinia th Lombinahon.o 9RUyer Serholl lo secxet a

hoLno Lalled inhibin
Epideulia ayes
dermiacASyers homont te inhiit the
seorhm of ICSH.
mierospUYAngiLum quses ) duat sike rtoli.ala.
Adjacant m
Nhunoxmioinhiits Seehun of fst LH.

Exlain MiaospoqeneAia
Bilobed anther having 4 niciospuxnçia called 1he
dithecqLA ach nmicrospurcnqiu havngqouL
prolechue fayens, epidernia Endolocun, £ibio ayer
and Aapchn
Sapehuniu the inngrmost ancd nloct impotaut tayer
ohich xovide nourislhnant he Spxmcgc nuLA fhssue
Sihu, each call ehsp 01ogeILu hasue is capableo 4onigg
aollsn.qain Each on0 u tho ppttnlial follenqrai cels

Miczospng tthed-\n)
SAe, Jhe ConhinuyLA Miotá olthiy tho the nËcrospuzagi
Leada-tw the cing of hoo cadjacqnt nIOSpUIAulqit..
Scen Conhnuoa meicoia eKerts a xesSure on
ihe endn thocium layer AareCultleading
ofhich
Lo release
Ao endo thoruun buist at stonium
 Date :
Page No.

)Spor Opollenin ats aa pokenk

heáyt nlurour when loc
alLCrgent
eas euen ate cleaening

etntertahtn:ex- sil comsesvahim

Sttsa technique c congervahiim oall Cevela f
2ieBo (itcA
(atl dive s ouksicla hair nahixal habitats
thrgh
00
diÇierent tchngues ube cayopreaeYYahaa

Geneiuhye -fxie (spuxnpollenia)0

nucleus
Cliutat)

Ssogamse Murplhotocp'callq similar & nahle qamaje

Anisogams : Mophafogtclly dhimilar &hiokio cyannct
Oogamy MOLphologitally digssimilar and one nskile

Lolhs) the nicnpyle iSOite to shgma

Scalled cna hophua
Funi tel e Chalasc

Nucllu

MMC Dutey intqument

Jnner nte qumenl
 Dete :
Page No

Misuvarium
MesoheithA igamns q1e thne dio to ohich t attachod
tu wterAA
poucho dugfa in hunan ftmale 2 the rRchum
extnium c the pcritomecl canhy alo
9hak oall of uttau

Puconta ’ Jho cushn iko tissue t0 which ovue is

attachecd to 400 0vary
Negaspgncaa

7collg -R-nucleate cl Stage indicale, ihat Ihe emryn

ot caual Celle
LOhg tho meioss do not laacato tho fomalion af
Ans Sn or doY fyovice essenhal nuhments
to th emkxso
Jno ceat three dogengrete foy provicung Hie cyto plan

9 iphonogamy cnierg pollen ube sfron mixopyle,

Chalaza
Chalazogams - Phery o pollen hube fum
MeROgInny
chemo lrop\um-he abilinj o (201\en hibe to arch any
chemi tal simulesaaitat ihe nVe MuNE polan
huse te the ntc ttop mitope
 Date:
Page No.

outh tecing. deut

Arhfitial ybridisction
sifin comþdibiliny.
An intinnt mehanism olich
inhibis the giminahon
pallan hibc an on shgma ofsamo
floneTi

-
PÊNrans{pmA inio endocperm
Lengs ta inec.heia ciseare Called tranAmi sthle
Kuru ciaeae ttAA, Priom daeuat Spongo form encphto pathito
CopioçhagDA eed m. eXCretc
fEndosper m
CeltutaT
Free- hudear
tetóoia inte Mecltalt oth
(n som eada nucellwA percm called peaixpc(A1,
Monocpl s $ cdicots.

Endocerka
imbry

)
 Date:
Page No.

ohat do yo Mean s Bt- co tton BE-Brinjal

Baillua Jhuingensaia ahich haa Bean wed a a Bio
Roalicicde hecauar ths gotein qut# Synhoi, by
s DNA CallecL CIyastllijne (protsin. its not toxic)

Sn the alkati enuIUmMAnt ot e intea hng it belsmea Oxic

resulk n ie death o meecte c The iarual stagt.
Scitnhst has cdap ted a technique msohich hey
gen oducing cry arOHRin ha been taken B \eacd Led
Asarudt o ushich YoDsehid lant ealcd pracles crY pugieh.
soan saeom ingects attatk Sueh cothn Bynial plans gne
Calld

H Human emananic Staqe

Moiolahim
Bladta aidn.
haahilca
Organoqcneaia
PmbeyoguncAin Shuqea
2. Chtebular emlozyo ctae
3. Aeart sh apcd emlaryo staGe

’ ohpolknty: Albilih, cell

PLeuro{aokencestencell- totipoBeney qron Rone n4ron
 aice Roliabad )
temp
mbryo. qenial hanomenon
in
undesirable UntesaLmeLitaa Asa )
apec teart Jpedo
domanc Seed
plane differ
differenhigle
inta|
lbAALPro-embeyo
1 Jerming
Hasmahun Emaiya
No. Page
Date:
 Date:
Page NO.

Cike cimoue use Mechaniam a l de olloned.

cbsutbsc]
Alcahol eing hyclropMobic in nahure
nahre

MICROSPORo.n£ESTS:
AxdoeciuM ia the mle xepIoduthve pa afower having
Stauk lke shuchuie called i l a t and bilobed anthg c
2, Filcbed anther eiclosing-Y micrO SQYania ohich.
licdde &ayts iouA ayei) and tapchum.
spunsialk 0x
3. Japehanm Reing ths înnarnnst fiyer cnd re
unshin9 sporogenoLu isaue

Qain. Cah cm o the polenhatMothor

to (uhim pollen
miohc divigi) TLduchunal clivision
S: PMC uncier qD
Lecding to 110 Mahon o uur hapld microspuse felrad
ohich it
GMeissia divism canhnue ^, Cu aYesulE of
exeris a preisur n the olt most layer i.e epicermiu
Cmcequontly. it Leadate Bhobuushg af cpidums
1
at tho Shmium
atom 4he anheY incalled dehisceOe
(made up o cenippollnh)
S Pollen Qaùn hoo menMa cng xig
and ininuLmade u2 of coluot pechin) havig hoo
Nucleugwogetahue nuieulAasgr nuteu) çndeDrahve
DrlauAmale.r nucieitA)
 Date:I
Page No.

Connechve
-ipidermy
Endolheium
fatoua tayc1 (Middu layea)
Stomit m
Sporon

Shucut uohed anther helont dehiscence

Cndohetium
ElghuA lasex

Lndothct dehisane o anthL.

Layer

Exn
nhnt
Veqaloht
(htnciahvect
Jube nucdRus
 Dute:
Page No.

oEodospeimic seccds: Jlle serca uahich ave

ALbuminga

rThase seeda 1) hich en cdo spm persisk atL

Sedahizaho) goncnul, (fmdyaa
Apcaa ceoda:
N-Sndos201 Nic She s cdn
n-alaunminoa C colyledone
uhlised in 1ho
ho endospÍn ts ully
Sepd in ohich the cit ct
seed mahurahum haveng leucoplt cia
Stoxace food
ale urDplaat - pxDAeiNA
PiaioplcuAt - as
aDnyoplaat staYch

Caynoecium having sh(mq r xtephviny of pollen Gqain,

ovary andth1n t e vars
Shyu sliehna hcacal Suollen pa1tdipid
Ovue is sihtaled posgesing Ncala cola lado
ana ro pha

etCYehm Auain r0m NucalluA

O\the coll
ncrease the size the cal.called Megasp\yre molher
me ofdiviyign LMMCJ
Jis cOl nder dogenerale
uncqalmegaspyTes Qut o theae three will mcgaspire.
{uncAgcl Caluc mtg funchimal
S nlu cm 1emain mogaspiR developed Ino
3nis deyAom his fmchemal
monospo1iC Cevelopment
hia cderlop ment w called
qamio phe (embryo) underqd3- mìohc dinhun
Jhis female
-nucleus
and (eads o th aYna hDN of anu.called
Jhree nucleus movestowarda Chalazal end
hile other moeSlDierdu the mies OpylorL
Anbeodalrels.
 Sineagncla
nuclci Polor
Antipodal
The ueto
NuckA
monospuIL,
Shoma
ahon ferhi mreacs isemazyo. mahusakon
oh OF
calcenlval
l calcd l
calfarger qoing Dudei
lar ohile,
he e9g and sgidaSfoImmg
syne
No. Page
Date:
 Date:
Page vo.

Anthehsu-on thu loud Bloum i o Aks pctala

Hypocohle
Apicie colio pumule A
Nee m- ati Azadir acta indica

Jrina
epdermto tha basi f epider mis

Jypes of Aiuit
fonnahion.
Jiu fuis: Omy the ovqry conaiouttea in kuit
which other paft of the
Faloe tuir: o r ype of uit in
apple
epicarp of appe
- fichinis on, Catcium, mag) esium Vitamin A,

acts
P-keronin onihi present in cow's milk is resp
a pr eurrsor of emogloin.
epicarp
Epikasp She phyoerbrin hves
of
MeSOLaiP apple qives
endocarp.ouqhaqc
Banona io yidii) Calium& Phephovus.

Beneis of Pa theno Cafp4

achal hime,
oe ets tuut ha10shng u pomilble than
Muse pulp qumhty.
3 it a not pocribLp ih pomagr cnaedu advcntae
 Date:
Page o

oy axusl 1c9ro dutham duing thu seed o1maian

Sudh sed are Called Az Apemishc sed And
he phammenon ncallec Aponmiais
Vivipany - ohen ne plant seed gets qarminak aB h
plant oody.
s thSe ahs lMer qTOoh inbibir clher1han cocisác atid'
Resoie aci
 Dete :
Pare No.

Sexua Reoroduchmn Planks

planis
hat ia anqçospenb
gne induchun o{DIoexing in plcnts depenca upon
the uitahle ohotu peiocd.
Piesene of seN QTal 3hyio horMUNeA Ule AuxiLs,
(nisbie tins Cyto bkinin etesoost qI0oeing 1
iants acsconhaL.
Acomplek hisexud flooRY COMtaina boih
QDon- essenhialhuts
Pmdrogeium hunDeiM C1e ihe essenhat farts
O{a qinLDEr ohich aie ConKein LDth qoxnnaton.
Of mictospre and megaspure non
Calx glsepals) and corDlaLPe tala) are the ctty.
essenhal pak ofa flooe hich Cne indise
invoNedin sexICH Yep1oduchon

Flovoers ave obser Ved in angiosPem n comple hon

of vege tahehca eaf lLfe cycle
etaorotol

Piiomont Anchoeciun
Shile

Jhalawy
 Date :
Page No.

then the lUvotr itined aa uinisexual 0Y dioeiUuA

Poy RAateme (un ßcahaya
SF a giOvoer comtain oth andioRciun1 & qynoecum

Jocimam
mecdinan sia CJuli) tiia A Cning xot) etr
Jhe arrangtiment o qDweis 0n the qLoral axis

(Basedoi elmgakd nainaxis.pahntex maln axia

Racme Catkin
pixetSpactx
+ Splkelets
fymoeinfmeacente hype
mmahaai cyme
cçchcaicilcm
t polychcvial Cym.

) M1C ROSPO ROMENESIS:

Sne fo1.0CS of dave lopment of micosp0re innde he
CIntho
Fyescar
q0wei is knaon cau mioroSporOqenes
A ohed anther ofan cangospeim gÍnuoer
contalns qOu1 mkispo pollon SaCA QLY miciospoCDgc
Qhe p\|9n sacu of anthr Cre-COyered cy hnch
Layeis Le epideIMia cdo thecium, Pibroj
 Wnatu 1ediah a,

Page No.

Tayer and Iape hum.

The tape h1m is an impor tant aer uohich oyicle
MOunichmont othe spoogMous tissue
polen moiher
he diplcid np PMc unde1 QDeA Meiosin le 01M
aclua ter of gourhaplod micso sQuXe tthad.

As ihe no.cf niiohc divisioNA proqresS, he ie

ofholLen sacaMcre cyc shich 1esults in ho fusign
o hoo adicacont Dircl polon saca.
Ancrcaofd 'noopollenYcáng RXeiks:p1e Ssure 0n
tihe epidermal ioall. conequbnfy, he epi cLeimal

RAleNal suronditga is termed ca dghi scenco

At 1he thme o cehiscenceCch pollon Gan is
characteaiscc faypxesENLLOf xing (spoio follenin)
ínhne Ccalllese and pechn) Geim pAYe Vegelabve
Aucteiu n tube hucdeus generahue ucleur
Connechive
CEpidermia
ndehecium.
Flxouslaye,
Stomiun SCpehm

Poluen mother call

 Date :
Page No.

Connechve
piclemn
Rapehm -£ndotheLiUM

line af dehiscence
Stomisum
WPollen saC.

Lacer taSSxiCadea
MAOASPORO eNESIS
Thto mocnof doulbpnment ot Mqasptom
Meqa spGrMothoy coll 4hQ muisM knbon as
MeqaapamD qcneaiai
Ahypical nynoe'cium Cm fain shqmmTLphhy
oplen qacun, shylecaNc csal'soollen pAYE OI
Aoithin aho va, Canghophua oNue eshita cliptut!
mogacpo( maheCL
mlaspiJre
as fun chonal mgaipute deuLinps into emlarqo
he.cue topmenk of ena ganmu phylt or emhuyh Am