CDMA2000 Packet Data Infrastructure Review: Engineering Services

Packet Data Roaming
Engineering Services
Page 1
CDMA2000 Packet Data Infrastructure Review
CDMA2000 Infrastructure Overview: PCF

Packet Data Roaming
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PDSN/FA Internet Internet AAA
Packet Control Function (PCF)

Maintains connection state between PDSN and BSC Is aware of mobiles air link status (dormant, active) Collects air time accounting from BSC and forwards it to PDSN
HA PCF RAN
CDMA2000 Infrastructure Overview: PDSN

Packet Data Roaming
Page 3
Packet Data Serving node (PDSN)

Establishes data session with MS Supports Foreign Agent (FA) capability for Mobile IP service Route packets Collects accounting information Acts as a client for authentication and accounting
HA PCF RAN
CDMA2000 Infrastructure Overview: AAA

Packet Data Roaming
Page 4
Authentication, Authorization, and
Accounting Server (AAA)

Performs authentication, authorization, and accounting in conjunction with PDSN Provides proxy functions to relay these services to other AAA servers
HA PCF RAN
CDMA2000 Infrastructure Overview: HA

Packet Data Roaming
Page 5
Home Agent (HA)

Works in conjunction with FA to provide Mobile IP service Provides the anchor point for Layer 3 mobility
HA PCF RAN
1xEV-DO Architecture
Packet Data Roaming
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Leverages 1xRTT core network Includes new authentication (A12) For EV-DO, RAN = AN Identical from PCF and on
EV-DO Infrastructure
Packet Data Roaming
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EV-DO Interfaces
RNC IP A8 A9 A 12 Source AN A 13 AAA
RNC IP
PCF
R-P Interface A 10 A 11 PDSN
User Traffic Signaling
Other AN in same network
Packet Data Roaming
Page 8
CDMA2000 Protocol Review
CDMA2000 Protocol Overview: PPP

Packet Data Roaming
Page 9
Point to Point Protocol (PPP) Layer 2 protocol between MS and

PDSN Authenticates the MS (Simple IP) Negotiates an IP address (Simple IP)
HA
Determines Simple IP or Mobile IP Negotiates header compression Assigns DNS servers to MS
PCF RAN
CDMA2000 Protocol Overview: RADIUS

Packet Data Roaming
Page 10
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS)

Protocol between PDSN and AAA Authenticates MS Provides accounting information from PDSN to AAA
HA PCF RAN
CDMA2000 Protocol Overview: Simple IP

Packet Data Roaming
Page 11
Simple IP is just a term that means Not Mobile IP Same protocol that is used ubiquitously on the Internet Most operators use Simple IP, including KDDI, China Unicom, SKT, Verizon, Reliance, Hutchinson CAT, VIVO, Telecom New Zealand, APBW, etc. Operator can use both Simple IP and Mobile IP Simple IP does not have a mobility function IP Addresses are topologically significant If the MS moves to a different PDSN, it must get a new IP address Consequently, Simple IP is not compatible with static IP address assignment
CDMA2000 Protocol Overview: Mobile IP

Packet Data Roaming
Page 12
Mobile IP introduces new infrastructure elements to provide Layer 3 mobility to CDMA2000
Foreign Agent : MS accesses the Foreign Agent (collocated with PDSN), which provides a Care Of Address that is appropriate for the current location (similarities to the VLR/TLDN mobility function) Home Agent: Keeps track of the location of the MS and forwards inbound packets to its COA (similarities to the HLR mobility function).
Several operators support Mobile IP, e.g. Sprint, VzW, TNZ, and many more have plans to support it. Mobile IP allows static IP address assignment, and is a useful tunneling solution for data roaming (described later).
CDMA2000 Protocol Overview: Mobile IP (cont.)

Packet Data Roaming
Page 13
MS has an established data session. Packets sent to MS arrive at HA, which tunnels them to the current FAs COA. MS moves to a new PDSN/FA. FA provides its COA, which the MS provides to the HA. HA begins forwarding packets to new COA.
PDSN/FA
Internet Internet HA PDSN/FA
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol

Packet Data Roaming
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Protocol defined by IETF RFC that extends PPP to a far end point, which allows remote IP address assignment Introduces two new functions to accomplish this LAC: L2TP Access Concentrator LNS: L2TP Network Server Although useful for packet data roaming, L2TP for CDMA2000 recently published in standards Typically deployed in CDMA networks with PDSN acting as LAC
PPP extended to LNS
LNS assigns IP address
PCF RAN
PDSN/LAC
LNS
Private vs. Public IP Addresses

Packet Data Roaming
Page 15
There is currently a shortage of IP addresses and they are difficult to get To conserve IP addresses, most networks typically reuse specially defined private IP addresses (RFC 1918) These addresses include: 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 If a node using a private IP address wishes to access the public Internet, a Network Address Translation (NAT) device is needed NATs allow several public IP addresses to be mapped to a single public IP address (via port)
Many CDMA operators use private IP addresses inside their core network
Network Security
Packet Data Roaming
Page 16
CDMA2000 networks leverage commonly use security mechanisms Virtual Private Networks (using the IPSec protocol) are often employed to provide inter-network security of the Public Internet Firewall systems protect networks from outside attacks Packet data roaming requires specific security configuration, e.g. VPN tunnels between operators

CDMA2000 Packet Data Infrastructure Review: Engineering Services

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Packet Data Roaming