CTY LIVE: Cardiovascular System Review

1)What does the term vascular represent?

Blood vessels

2)Describe 3 differences between arteries and veins

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins carry blood to the heart. Arteries have thick walls, while
veins have thin walls. Veins have valves, while arteries do not.

3)What takes place in capillaries?

At the capillaries, which are very narrow microscopic vessels that connect to body cells, there is an
exchange of materials (waste, gases, nutrients) with the body cells.

4)Describe the chambers of the heart

The heart has right chambers and left chambers. These two chambers are seperated by the a wall known
as the septum. The right chambers pump blood to the lungs, while the left chambers pump blood to the body
organs.
5)Which heart chamber pushes blood out of the heart?
Left ventricle

6) Explain the difference between diastole and systole?

The diastole is the period of a heart cycle when the heart is relaxed, while the systole is the period of a
heart cycle when the heart is contracting.

7)What is the purpose of the cardiac conduction system?

The cardiac conduction system is the natural pacemaker, electrical impulses from the brain keep the muscles
(heart) contracting.

8)What instrument measures the electrical currents in the heart?

Electrocardiogram

9)What instrument measures blood pressure?

Sphygmomanometer

10)What is normal blood pressure?

normal blood pressure: systole/diastole, 120/80

 11)Name the circulation pathway that supplies blood to following:
--body cells and tissues? Systemic Circulatoin

--lungs? Pulmonary Circulation

--kidneys? Renal Circulatoin

--External heart muscle? Systemic Pathways

--Stomach, intestines, liver? Hepatic-portal circulation

12)Describe two cardiac diagnostic tools

he Nuclear Cardiac Scan and the Doppler ultrasound are both cardiac diagnostic tools. The nuclear cardiac scan is a
exercise stress test that uses a tracer to get images of the heart. Technetium or Thallium, radioactive substances known as
tracers, are injected into the arm vein while you use a treadmill to walk, and images of your heart are taken. The pictures
show blood flow to regions of the heart. For example, artery narrowing can be identified if reduced blood flow to that area
is seen during stress but normal blood flow is seen at rest. On the other hand, the Doppler Ultrasound is a test used to
check heart function, and is completed using an ECG (electrocardiogram). This test searches for harmful blockages in
bloodflow, defects in the structure of the heart and damaged blood vessels there, narrowing of blood vessels, and finally
the narrowing of arteries. Blockages in blood flow in the legs may lead to DVT, and the narrowing of arteries in
the arms and legs can lead to PAD. The narrowing of arteries in the neck, however, may lead to carotid
artery stenosis.