MANAGEMENT THEORIES

OBJECTIVES

1. Understand the role of a manager within an organization.

2. Define the functions of management.
3. Explore the differences between a manager and a leader.
4. Understand theories of management.
 WHAT DOES A MANAGER DO?

• Communicate the organization’s mission & vision

• Help employees understand how their day-to-day work fits into the
organization’s mission & vision
• Middle management: (where OTs often end up in management)
• Oversee a department, or group of employees/services
• Coordinate employees & their tasks
• Report “up” to superior management
 FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT

1. Planning
• Set goals, objectives, and plan for the future
Executives
2. Organizing
Senior
3. Directing Management
4. Controlling Middle Management

First-level Management

Staff
 MANAGEMENT VS. LEADERSHIP

• Leadership and management are complementary

• Management involves carrying out tasks related to planning, directing,
organizing, controlling….in order to achieve the organization’s goals
• Leadership involves developing relationships, empowering, and
inspiring…in order to achieve the organization’s goals
 MANAGEMENT THEORY: TRADITIONAL

• Scientific management theory

• Focus on improving efficiency
• Analyze workflow
• Administrative management theory
• Formalized organizational structure
• Division of labor, delegation of power
• Bureaucratic management theory
• Hierarchical structure
• Standardized processes
 MANAGEMENT THEORY: MODERN

• Human Relations Theory

• Focus on people and relationships
• Organization is a social system
• General Systems Theory
• Sum of parts
• X & Y Management Theory
• X: workers are not motivated, need to be micromanaged
• Y: workers like to work and are self-fulfilled
 CLINICIAN TO MANAGER

• Use management theory to help understand what motivates people

and how to direct people in your organization
• Many of the skills that you develop as a clinician can be repurposed to
be an effective manager
 REFERENCES

• Jacobs, K., McCormack, G. L., & A., P. K. J. (2019). The occupational therapy
manager. AOTA Press.
• Nadrifar, A., Bandani, E., & Shahryari, H. (2016). An Overview of Classical
Management Theories: A Review Article.
• Pindur, W., Rogers, S. E., & Suk Kim, P. (1995). The History of Management: A
Global Perspective. Journal of Management History, 1(1), 59–77.
https://doi.org/10.1108/13552529510082831