UNIT 1: 

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Discuss the evolution of Webs
2. Identify different online systems, functions, and platforms available today.

OVERVIEW
ICT is the abbreviation for information and Communication Technology. ICT is an umbrella term
used to encompass all rapidly emerging, evolving, and converging computer, software,
networking, telecommunications, internet, programming, and information systems technologies. 
ICT is a composite term, which embodies three important concepts. To understand ICT, one
must understand all three concepts.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
1. INFORMATION
“Information” means many things to people depending on the context. Scientifically,
information is a processed data. Information can also be loosely defined as those which aids
decision making. Information, though abstract, could also be visualized as a commodity, which
could be or solid.
Information is whatever can cause a human mid to change its opinion about the current state of
the world. 
2. COMMUNICATION
“Communication” refers to the transfer or exchange of information from person to person or
from one place to another. When action produce a reaction, whether positive or negative,
communication has taken place. Other writers in the field of communication studies have
defined communication as: process: a transfer of information, ideas, thoughts, and messages. It
involves a sender, a receiver, a code, and a language that is understood by both the sender and
receiver. 
3. TECHNOLOGY
“Technology” refers to the use of scientific knowledge to invent tools that assist human beings
in their efforts to overcome environmental hazards and impediments to comfort. In this regard,
technology refers to the things like computer, telephone, cell phone, GSM handsets, television,
radio, etc. To put it together, ICT has been defined as the acquisition, analysis, manipulation,
storage and distribution of information, and the design and provision of equipment and
software. 

THE CURRENT STATE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

WEB 1.0
 It is a term coined to differentiate the first stage of the World Wide Web (www) in
comparison with the present stage of internet technology.
 At the beginning, there were few web content creators.
 Webpages were static and were called read only web.
 The only available feedback mechanism was through private

emails. 
WEB 2.0
It describes World Wide Web sites that emphasize user-generated content, usability,
and interoperability. The term was popularized by Tim O’ Reilly and Dale Dougherty at the
O’Reilly Media Web 2.0 Conference in late 2004, though it was coined by Darcy DiNucci in
1999.
Web 2.0 changes us from passive to active information consumers, allowing our online
voice to be part of the conversation. Its higher education changing approaches to learning and
teaching. It trends in distance education, globalization, digital literacy skills, and collective
intelligence are now driving the restructuring of academic programs. 

WEB 3.0 

It is described by Time Berners-Lee (Father of the WWW) as the read-write-execute

web. WEB 3.0 referred to as the semantic web or data driven web content and response. The
context of the search of the user is processed by a programming language to help the user by
presenting options of what the person is interested in. 
TECHNOLOGY CONVERGENCE
It is an evolution of technological development that merge into a new system bringing
together different types of applications and media. 
SOCIAL MEDIA
It is a collection of internet-based communication tools and computer assisted channels
dedicated to allowing users to interact, communicate, and share information in a virtual
community and network. The examples of these tools are Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and
Snapchat.
MOBILE MEDIA
A range of handheld devices, from mobile phones, and e-readers to game consoles,
primarily used as personal, interactive, Internet-enabled, and user-controlled portable platforms
that allow interconnected users to exchange personal and non-personal information (Wei,
2013).
ASSISTIVE MEDIA - It is a non-profit organization founded in 1996 in Michigan, USA. It was
founded by David H. Harvey.

ONLINE SYSTEM, FUNCTION AND PLATFORMS

Online System
 A system that is connected to the internet. 
 Provides access to a software system using a computer and internet connection. 
 Uses the internet web technologies to deliver information and services to users or other
information systems/application online system

Online Functions
 The technical definition of online function is a relation from a set of inputs to a set of
possible outputs where each input is related to exactly one output.
  Include email notifications from our server (emails using another server are not
included), the updating of web blacklists (lists of undesirable websites), updating of the
list of file sharing programs (prohibited programs page), and remote access to Child
Control through the Internet. Free program updates are also included.

Online Platforms
” If you can program it, then it’s a platform. If you can’t then it’s not.” – Marc Andreessen

It makes it easier for users to interact, to collect, and use the data from the user’s
interactions for their own needs.

Online Platform Categories

 Social Media - is a computer-based technology that facilitates the sharing of ideas and
information and the building of virtual networks and communities. By design, social
media is internet based and offers users easy electronic communication of personal
information and other content, such as videos and photos. Users engage with social
media via computer, tablet or smartphone via web-based software or web application,
often utilizing it for messaging. EX. FACEBOOK
 Search Engine - it is a software system that is designed to search for information on the
World Wide Web (WWW). The information may be a mix of webpages, images, and
other types of files. EX. GOOGLE CHROME
 Communication Services - these are outsourced enterprise communications solutions
that can be leased from a single vendor or provider. A communication Service Provider
is a provider that transports information electronically and can encompass public and
private companies in telecom, internet, cable, satellite, and managed services business.
EX. SMART TELECOMMUNICATIONS
 Payment System -   it is any system used to settle financial transactions through
transfer of monetary value, and includes the institutions, instruments, people, rules,
procedures, standards, and technologies. EX. LANDBANK
 Advertising Platform –   it allows user to create and manage advertising campaigns,
generate reports, and retrieve information about the ads, campaigns, and organization
that are associated with an account. EX. YOUTUBE
 Creative Content Outlets –   it is content that needs to be translated creatively. EX.
FRIENDZONE SIGN TO MOVIE

ONLINE SAFETY, SECURITY, ETHICS, AND ETIQUETTE

Online Safety is one the biggest concerns every parent has for their children is to keep them
safe, whether online or offline (At home, at school, at play). Some new developments are
making online safety easier and improving offline safety as well. 
 Cyberspace is “the notional environment in which communication over computer
networks occurs.
 Cyber Citizen denotes a “Citizen of the Internet” or a member of “Cyber community.”
 Cyber Awareness is awareness about the importance of cyber security. 
CAUTION 
 “Sexting” is a term used to describe inappropriate photos or text sent via cellphone or
smartphone. Cell phone history options allow you to view past caller and messages.
Although the history can be deleted, contact your cellphone provider for any other
options available. 
 Cyberbullying involves the use of technologies to display behavior that harms another. 
DO’s and DON’Ts when Cyberbullied.
  Do not respond or retaliate to inappropriate communication. 
 Save the messages and note the date and time.
 Contact a trusted adult, teacher, school counselor, or parent. 
 Notify the provider of inappropriate behavior by acting the “abuse” tool available on
many sites.
 Utilize the blocking feature in social networking sites, email, or instant messaging.

Online Security is a tree branch of computer security specifically related to the internet, often
involving browser security but also network security on a more general level as it applies to
other applications or operating systems on a whole. Its objective is to establish rules and
measures to use against attacks over the internet. The Internet represents an insecure channel
for exchanging information leading to a high risk of intrusion or fraud, such as phishing.
Different methods have been used to protect the transfer of data, including encryption.
 Cybercrime law 
The Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012, officially recorded as Republic Act No. 10175, is
a law in the Philippines approved on September 12, 2012. It aims to address legal issues
concerning online interactions and the Internet in the Philippines. Among the cybercrime
offenses included in the bill are cybersquatting, cybersex, child pornography, identity theft,
illegal access to data and libel. 

Online Ethics refers to patterns of behavior used when on the Internet, guided both by law and
personal philosophy. The great capabilities of this communication medium allow for the potential
of great harm, cruelty, and even crime. Major concerns in the field of online ethics include the
protection of private information, the limits of a presumed freedom of expression, and issues of
libel. Understanding legal ramifications and trusting personal philosophy used in other areas of
life can help a person determine his or her online ethics. 
Online Etiquette is online communication that makes everyone comfortable. The internet is a
group of computers that are connected, etiquette is a social code. That is the technical definition
of the words. Combing the words into a term enables it to become a philosophy or part of one. 

CONTEXTUALIZE ONLINE SEARCH AND RESEARCH SKILLS

RESEARCH is defined as a careful consideration of study regarding a particular concern or a
problem using scientific methods.
Researching on the Internet
 use search engines to your advantage.
 identify the website.
 examine for credibility.
 determine depth and scope of information.
 assess date of information
Search Engine is a software usually accessed on the internet that searches a database of
information according to the users’ query.
Web Dictionaries is a compilation of sites listed by topical categories. It can help a user move
from a general area of interest to a more specific topic and events.
Database Engines is a repository of reviewed journal and literature. It allows plain text
searching and announced searching.

STRATEGIES ON SEARCHING

Boolean Searching uses commands (operators) such us AND (&), OR (I), NOT (!). Sometimes
Boole
dan operators must be entered in capital letters.

Phrase and Proximity using quotation marks to allow you to search for an exact phrase.
Using NEAR allows you to specify how close to other terms you are searching for should be.

Truncations and Wildcards Function

Truncations: place a symbol at the end of the word so you search for variant endings of
that word.
Wildcards: place a symbol within a word to find variations on it.

MOST POPULAR SEARCH ENGINES

Google - As a difference of 43% from second in place Bing 
Bing is a web search engine owned and operated by Microsoft. The service has its origins in
Microsoft’ previous search engines. Bring provides a variety of search services, including web,
video, image and map search products. 
Yahoo offers a personalized overview I a centralized location for you to access news,
entertainment, sports, local weather, and more since October 2011 Yahoo search is powered by
Bing
“Ask.com” Ask is based on a question/answer. It also has the general search functionality, but
the results returned lack quality compared to Google or even Bing and Yahoo.
Aol.com (formerly known as American Online. Providing dial-up service) is an American web
portal and online service provider based in New York. 
Baidu is founded in 2000 and it is the most popular search engine in China. Baidu provides
users with a query-based searchable community to share knowledge and experience. 
Wolfram alpha is a Computational Knowledge Engine which can give you facts and data for
several topics. A search engine designed to answer basic questions, especially those
expressible in equations, using a large database rather than searching across the Internet.
DuckDuckGo has a clean interface. It does not track users. It is not fully loaded with ad.
Internet Archive is the internet archive search engine. It provides free public access to
collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music,
movies/videos, moving images, and millions of public-domain books.
ChaCha.com is like ask.com where users can ask or answer a particular question. The human-
guided search engine.
4.______________ is an American web portal and online service provider based in New York. 
5.______________ It is a non-profit organization founded in 1996 in Michigan, USA. It was
founded by David H. Harvey.
6._______________It is founded in 2000 and it is the most popular search engine in China. It
provides users with a query-based searchable community to share knowledge and experience. 
7_______________It is a web search engine owned and operated by Microsoft. The service
has its origins in Microsoft’ previous search engines. Bring provides a variety of search services,
including web, video, image, and map search products. 
8._______________It uses commands (operators) such us AND, OR NOT. Sometimes Boolean
operators must be entered in capital letters.
9.________________It is like ask.com where users can ask or answer a particular question.
The human-guided search engine.
10.________________It is a provider that transport information electronically and can
encompass public and private companies in telecom, internet, cable, satellite, and managed
services business. 
11.________________ It refers to the transfer or exchange of information from person to
person or from one place to another. When action produce a reaction, whether positive or
negative, communication has taken place. 
12.________________It is awareness about the importance of cyber security. 
13.________________It refers to a “Citizen of the Internet” or a member of “Cyber community.”
14.________________It involves the use of technologies to display behavior that harms
another. 
15.________________It aims to address legal issues concerning online interactions and the
Internet in the Philippines. Among the cybercrime offenses included in the bill are
cybersquatting, cybersex, child pornography, identity theft, illegal access to data and libel. 
16.________________ It is “the notional environment in which communication over computer
networks occurs.
17._______________ It is a repository of reviewed journal and literature. It allows plain text
searching and announced searching.
18._______________ It has a clean interface. It does not track users. It is not fully loaded with
ad.
19.________________ As a difference of 43% from second in place Bing 
20.________________ It is an umbrella term used to encompass all rapidly emerging, evolving,
and converging computer, software, networking, telecommunications, internet, programming,
and information systems technologies.