MICROBES in

HUMAN -

WELFARE

1am
:X
Antibiotics

Treatment
sewage
Biocontrol
agents .

2 Ols .
 Microbes
•

Thermal
are

vents
found everywhere :

2) of geysers
2) Deep in soil
3) Under snow
 In Household
Everyday : LACTOBACILLUS ( LAB)
r
•

form curd
from milk
-

Increase Vit B12

disease microbes
check
causing
-

in stomach

fermentation dosa idle

•
of dough for ,

Making bread
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
-

(Baker 's
yeast)
cheese
making
-

Swiss cheese -

Profsionbacteriwm Sharmanni
Roquefort Penicillium
cheese
by fungi (
-

roquefort)

Industries
Beverages
• fermenters :
large vessels for growing microbes
wine
•
,
Beer
whisky
,
Brandy Rum
, ,

by Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( BREWER 's YEAST)

•
Without Distillation : wine ,
Beer
Distillation whisky Rum
After Brandy
:
, ,
 ANTIBIOTICS
PENICILLIN Sst Antibiotic produced by
-

ALEXANDER FLEMING
t
while
working
with
staphylococci
Ernst chain I Howard Florey .
Established
Penicillin
effectiveness of
Noble Prize to all 3
of them in 1945

Uses Penicillin
of
-

Treat :
Plague Diphtheria
whooping Cough leprosy

Additional .

citric
Aspergillus niger acid
• :

Acetobactee anti :
Acetic acid
Clostridium
butylicum :
Butyric acid
lipases :

Detergentsbottled
Pertinax Proteases
clarify juices
:
,

streptokinase :
from Streptococcus
clot ouster patients
in
°
.

with
myocardial infarction
 A Immuno suppressant
•

Cyclosporine :

used in
-

:
transplant patients
organ
-

:
by Trichoderma fuelysporwm
Statins
by yeast Monascus fswfuueus
:
•

cholesterol
Blood
lowering agents
°
-
. .

Sewage Treatment
•
Before disposal :
sewage treated in
sewage Treatment plants (sips)

Two
stages

Primary secondary
Removal
of large Primary effluent taken
particles by to
large aeration tanks
filtration e
sedimentation .

Agitated mechanical and

Aerobic microbes
form
solids -

primary sludge masses with

fungus -

supernatant -

effluent microbes
matter
consume
in
organic
effluent for
growth
 • Now passed into
settling Tank

• Bacterial flocs sedimented (Activated sludge)

small part of Activated sludge
used as inoculum in aeration
tanks .

Major part humped into large

Anaerobic sludge Digesters

• Bacteria produce gases : Cny coz

His

secondary effluent released into rivers .

 Bioans -
pinny .

•
concrete tank 10 -
15 m deep .

rises
•

floating content
cover placed above as

biogas rises .

• Used
for cooking
and lightning .

Bicentrd Agents .

natural Predation

not eradicated
No
of pests kept in check
properly
-

• .
.

• food chains not disturbed .

Ladybird &
Dragonfly : Get rid of Aphids and

mosquitos .

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) - control caterpillar

Available in sachets
mixed with water and sprayed .

Eaten
by insect larva
Toxin released in larvae
gut kills .

Trichoderma insects
Fungus Root borne
-

virus
nucleopolyhedrous narrow
spectrum
-

(NPV ) insecticide applications

 Biofertilisers
. Main sources : Bacteria
fungi
cyanobacteria
Rhizobium
present in roots
of legumes
-

• .

•
Azospiriuevm -
free
living Nz -

fire
Aaotobacter
.

Associations
SymbioticGenus
-
•

blennies
forms mycorrhiza
Plants resistance
-
show to
salinity
and
drought .

cyanobacteria oscillator
've
Anabaena Nostoc
Increase
fertility by adding
-

organic matter .
Previous YRS Imm .