Publishing Date || 01 December 2020
AGROBIOS NEWSLETTER
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
14. Agricultural Disaster Management: Concept and
Types 28
Mutteppa Chigadolli
ECONOMICS
15. Contact Farming: Boon to Farmer for Uplifting
Economic Status 29
Ramarao, Raghavendra, N, and Pruthviraj, N.
16. Flagship Initiatives for Doubling Farmers
Income by 2022 31
Gottam Kishore
17. Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF): Benefitting
Reply of Agriculture during Covid-19 33
Dharmender Singh, Dangi Pooja Arun
and Peeyush Kumar Jaysawal
18. An Overview of Agricultural Reforms
Formulated in 2020 35
Gunabhagya, Shilpa V. Chogatapur
and Geeta Kalaghatagi
19. Are the Farm Bills Beneficial to Farmers?? 37
Snigdha Manav, and Dinesh
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
20. Farm Mechanization in India Agriculture and
Allied Sector 38
Prof. A. S. Khadake
21. Robotics in Seed Gene Banks 40
N. Vinothini, Bhavyasree R. K.,
T. Poovarasan, & M. Sakila
22. Wear Measurement Methods for Rotavator
Blades 41
Rajat Arya
ENTOMOLOGY
23. Recent Trends in Conservation Biological
Control 43
Mogili Ramaiah and Kiran K. G. N.
24. Promising Fumigants 45
K. Deekshita
25. Novel Fungicides 46
S. B. Sawant, K. A. Sindhura and A. R. Mohapatra
26. Neoteric Invasive Whiteflies in Coconut
Ecosystem 47
P. Logeshkumar and K. Arunkumar
27. Insect Cyborgs: The Futuristic Biobots:
More than just Insects 48
Nidheesh, T. D.
28. Transport of Pesticides in Water 51
Anandhabhairavi. N, Ponselvakumari.
M. K., & Eniya. A
29. Karl Marx was Right, Socialism Works, for the
Greater Good (Social Aphids, Social Thrips) 53
Ponselvakumari. M.K.,
Anandhabhairavi. N, & Eniya. A
4 VOL. NO. XIX, ISSUE NO. 07
EXTENSION EDUCATION AND
RURAL DEVELOPMENT
30. Kisan Call Centre 55
Sonam Upadhyay
31. Women: Unacknowledged Heroes of Agriculture 57
Bolleboina Shilpa, and Boda Mahesh Naik
32. Women Empowerment Process and Opportunity 58
Subha Laxmi Sahoo, and Abhilasha Deepa Minz
FORESTRY
33. Melia: A Most Suitable Agroforestry Tree for Arid
and Semi-Arid Regions of India 59
Raghavendra, N, Ramarao and Pruthviraj, N.
HI-TECH HORTICULTURE
34. Hydroponics: Soil Less Plant Production 61
Ch. Ravali and G. Prasanna
35. Hydroponic Fodder Production 63
Saravana Kumar, M and Indhushree, A
HORTICULTURE
36. Nursery Management of Horticultural Crops 65
Priyanshu Singh
37. Potential of Fruit Crops for Carbon Sequestration: A
Promising Approach 68
N. P. Navnage, and P. R. Ramteke
38. Sweet Cherry and its Propagation Strategies 70
Pooja
39. Techniques and Methods of Grafting in
Horticultural Crops 71
I. Geethalakshmi and K. Arunkumar
40. Potential Underutilized Arid Minor Fruits 72
Vartika Singh
MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS
41. Ashwagandha: An Herbal Miracle 74
Ragin Shaji and Dr. Deepa S. Nair
MUSHROOM
42. Diseases of Mushroom 76
Aishwaryarani Basavaraj Baliger
PLANT BREEDING AND GENETICS
43. Genetic Elimination of the Lectin in Soybean
Seeds by Marker Assisted Selection by Specific
DNA Marker 77
Shrinkhala T. Pawale
44. Natural Genetically Modified Plants 79
Jyotsana Tilgam, Bhavyasree R. K.,
Ashajyothi Mushineni, Venkatesh Y. N.
45. Reverse Breeding (RB) in Crop Improvement 81
Dr. A. V. S. Durga Prasad
46. Stay Green Trait: A Potentiality in Plant Breeding 82
Rukoo Chawla
Publishing Date || 01 December 2020 AGROBIOS NEWSLETTER
sun, shading with the help of the timber framework
of 1-meter height may be used. Net house and
greenhouse structures can also be used.
6) Packaging of nursery plants
Packing is the method or way in which young
plants are tied or kept together with the help of
packing baskets, wooden box, plastic bags etc. till
they are transplanted. So, they have to be packed
tightly to maintain turgidity and enable us to
establish themselves on the new site to ensure a
greater number of successful transplanting. In
some parts of the country, banana leaves are also
used for packing the plants with their earth ball.
This is useful for local transportation.
7) Sale management
In general, the main demand for nursery plants
is during the rainy season. A proper strategy
should be followed for the sale of nursery plants.
For that advertisement in local daily newspapers,
posters, handbills, catalogue and appointment of
commission agents can be followed.
8) Management of mother plants
Care of mother plants is necessary to get good
quality propagules and scion.
Role of Nursery in Horticulture Development
1. Genetically pure planting material i.e. stock
and scion are essential for healthy and vigorous
plant growth, and they should be satisfactory
in quantity and quality and easily available for
further multiplication.
37. Potential of Fruit Crops for Carbon
Sequestration: A Promising Approach
N. P. NAVNAGE*, AND P. R. RAMTEKE1
*Ph.D. Scholar, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri-413722, Maharashtra
1
Ph.D. Scholar, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola Maharashtra
*corresponding author: navnageneha31@gmail.com
Introduction
The power of carbon on earth and the environment
can be valuable or poor relying upon the place it
is present. Enhance of carbon dioxide (CO2) in
surrounding environment is attracting world
concern. Excessive commence of carbon into
atmosphere exclusively the result of human
activity. Anthropogenic activities like superior
fossil-fuel consumption along with deforestation
are causing serious public and political worries on
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and their penalty
on failure of both above ground and below ground
68 VOL. NO. XIX, ISSUE NO. 07
2. Globalization has improved the chances
of export and import of quality planting
material to or from other countries. Special
technique and care are required for exporting
the nursery material. Similarly, great care is
necessary while importing nursery material
from outside.
3. There is a huge demand for skilled
professionals for grafting, budding, potting,
repotting and other nursery operations. The
nursery provides employment opportunities
for technical, skilled, semi-skilled, and
unskilled labour. The nursery can itself be a
very remunerative enterprise in the changing
national scenario.
4. Globally, many countries are facing drought
every year like India therefore, drought-
tolerant fruit crops are in demand for assured
income to farmers. Horticultural plantations
play an essential role in afforestation and
thereby help to reduce global warming.
Limitations or prerequisite
 Lack of trained personnel and skilled labours
for doing nursery activities
 Initial establishment and maintenance cost for
nursery needs to be met by the people, which
they presume as a risk-bearing activity. Along
with, risk on the marketing of seedlings, pest
and disease damage incidences
 Transplant shock which delays growth but is
not as severe on cell raised seedlings compared
to bare-rooted seedlings.
20905
biodiversity and climate change. The concentration
of atmospheric CO2 can be diminish either by using
lowering emission or through taking CO2 out from
ecosystem and storing it in terrestrial, oceanic or
aquatic ecosystem.
Carbon dioxide is largely produce green house
gas in the atmosphere. Carbon sequestration is
technique of capturing and storing atmospheric
carbon dioxide into different sources of ecosystem.
As large scale area is under agriculture system,
which cant’t be unnoticed for storing atmospheric
carbon in tree and soil. Agricultural systems do not
AGROBIOS NEWSLETTER Publishing Date || 01 December 2020
make sure the level of permanency for sequestered
carbon. These crops cannot be ignored as the
lands under crop production are vast. Carbon
sequestration in developing wooded area is
acknowledged to be a fee fantastic alternative
for mitigation of world warming and global local
weather change.
The perennial crop like fruit crops has positive
potential to hold substantial quantities of carbon.
For most among them is the process of fixing
carbon in plant biomass through photosynthesis.
Agro-forestry and Agri-Horti system provides
a sole prospect to combine the twin objectives
of climate change adaptation and mitigation.
Although Agro-forestry systems are not primarily
designed for carbon sequestration, there are many
recent studies that substantiate the evidence that
Agro-forestry systems can play a major role in
storing carbon in aboveground biomass. and in Soil
and in belowground biomass (Nair et al., 2009).
Carbon Sequestration Potential
of Fruit Based Crop
Horticultural tree based system, the combine
practice of incorporating trees in farming has
played a considerable role in enhancing land
productivity and improving livelihoods. These
tree plantation leads to increase and improve
the fertility of soil, maintain soil quality, soil
health and biodiversity in soil. The fruits based
tool is a independent mechanism where solar
electricity can be harvested at distinct heights,
soil resources can be successfully used and
cropping depth is increased. Carbon in tree can be
stored in trunks, branches, leaves, flowers, fruits
and roots, mentioned that publicity of tropical
and subtropical fruit timber (avocado, banana,
mangosteen, citrus and mango) to improved
attention of CO2 appreciably accelerated the rate
of photosynthesis and hence an amplify in tree
biomass. Photosynthesis in mangosteen increased
by 40 to 60% when uncovered to 800 ppm for one
yr compared to when uncovered to ambient CO2
concentration.
Phenomenon of Atmospheric Carbon
Sequestration by Trees and Soils
Through the process of photosynthesis, plants
assimilate carbon and return some of it to the
atmosphere through respiration. The carbon that
remains as plant tissue is then consumed by animals
or added to the soil as litter when plants die and
decompose. The primary way that carbon is stored
in the soil is as soil organic matter. Soil organic
matter is a complex mixture of carbon compounds,
consisting of decomposing plant and animal
tissue, microbes (protozoa, nematodes, fungi, and
bacteria), and humus – carbon associated with soil
minerals. Carbon can remain stored in soils, or be
quickly released back into the atmosphere through
respiration by soil microbes. Climatic conditions,
VOL. NO. XIX, ISSUE NO. 07 69
natural vegetation, soil texture, drainage, and
human land use all affect the amount and length of
time carbon is stored in soil (ESA, 2006).
Methodology for Estimation of Carbon
Stock and Carbon Sequestration
Carbon sequestration through fruit trees is mainly
depends on age of the trees, diameter of trees and
land area.
a) Carbon Stock
Carbon stocks will be calculated as
Carbon stock (C)= Total biomass *
0.55(coefficient described by (MacDicken,1997)
1. Biophysical measurements: Plant height
and diameter at breast height (DBH) are two
important biophysical measurements which
measured for each tree sample. The fruit tree
height measured by Theodolite instrument.
or by using bamboo stick. The tree diameter
was measured atbreast height (DBH) by using
diameter measure tape.
2. Estimation of Aboveground
biomass:(wood, bark, branches, twigs,
leaves and fruits): It includes all living
biomass above the soil. The aboveground
biomass (AGB) has been estimated by
multiplying volume of biomass and wood
density (Ravindranath and Ostwald, 2008).
The volume was calculated based on diameter
and height.
AGB (g) = Volume of biomass (cm3) × wood
density (g/cm3)
3. Estimation of Belowground biomass
(roots): The below Ground Biomass (BGB)
includes all biomass includes all biomass of
live roots excluding fine roots having <2mm
diameter. The belowground biomass (BGB)
has been calculated by multiplying above-
ground biomass taking 0.26 as the root to
shoot ratio (Ravindranath and Ostwald,
2008).
Belowground biomass (tha-1) = 0.26 × above-
ground biomass (tha-1)
Reference
Ecological Society of America, 1707 H Street, NW,
Suite 400, Washington, DC 2006. (202) 833-8773.
Esahq@esa.org; http://esa.sdsc.edu.
Ganeshamurthy, A. N., Ravindra, V., Venugopalan,
R., Malarvizhi Mathiazhagan and Bhatt, R. M.,
Biomass distribution and development of allometric
equations for non-destructive estimation of carbon
sequestration in grafted mango trees. J. Agric. Sci.,
2016, 8, 201–211.
Ravindranath, N. H., Somshekhar, B. S. and Gadgil,
M., Carbon flows in Indian forests. Climate
Change, 1997, 35, 297–320.