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Science Activity Sheet

Quarter 2 - MELC 3
Week 3
Earthquake Waves

REGION VI - WESTERN VISAYAS

Science 8
Activity Sheet No. 3- Earthquake Waves
First Edition, 2020

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 - Western Visayas

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such
work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition
the payment of royalties.

This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 - Western

Visayas.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be

reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical
without written permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.

Development Team of Science Activity Sheet

Writer : Dr. Roseliza F. Aurelio

Illustrator : Angela Joy J. Rogel
Editor : Mary Ann R. Fantilanan
Layout Artist: Angela Joy J. Rogel
Schools Division Quality Assurance Team:
Judy B. Dunton, Armida F. Dela Cruz,
Lorena D. Panuncio, Joanah V. Rojo, Joebert D. Dorado
Schools Division of Capiz Management Team:
Dr. Salvador O. Ochavo, Jr.
Nicasio S. Frio
Dr. Segundina F. Dollete
Shirley A. De Juan
Andres D. Quiachon
Regional Management Team:
Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma,
Josilyn S. Solana,
Elena P. Gonzaga,
Donald T. Genine,
Rovel R. Salcedo,
Moonyeen C. Rivera,
Anita S. Gubalane,
Minda L. Soldevilla,
Daisy L. Lopez,
Joseph M. Pagalaran

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Introductory Message
Welcome to Science Grade 8!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of the

Schools Division of Capiz and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western Visayas through
the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). This is developed to
guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and responsible adults) in helping the
learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to

guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the
contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist the learners in
acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity and
employment.

For learning facilitator:

The Science Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the teaching-learning
activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) with minimal
or no face-to-face encounter between you and learner. This will be made available to
the learners with the references/links to ease the independent learning.

For the learner:

The Science Activity Sheet is developed to help you continue learning even if
you are not in school. This learning material provides you with meaningful and
engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active learner, carefully read
and understand the instructions then perform the activities and answer the
assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed schedule.

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Name of Learner: ______________________________________________________
Grade and Section: ___________________________Date: _____________________

SCIENCE 8 ACTIVITY SHEET No.3

Earthquakes Waves

I. Learning Competency with Code

• Explain how earthquake waves provide information about the interior of the
earth. (S8ES-IIc-17)

II. Background Information for Learners

The Earth is composed of 3 main layers: crust, mantle, and core. The crust is the
outermost layer, hard and brittle (made up of rocks and minerals) and has a thickness of
40 km. It is where buildings, houses and living things are found. The mantle is the second
layer and the thickest layer. It makes up 84% of the earth’s volume, semi-solid and dense.
It has a thickness of 2,900 km from the crust. Its temperature is between 2,200 OC to 3,
700 OC. The core is the third layer and is further divided into two layers: the outer core
and the inner core. The outer core is made of molten, liquid iron and nickel. It is 2300
km in thickness and has a temperature between 4000 OC to 5000 OC. The inner core is
made up of solid iron and nickel. It is 1200km in thickness and its temperature is between
5000OC to 7000 OC.
When an earthquake occurs the seismic waves (P and S waves) are produced and
they all move in different ways through the Earth's layers. Seismic waves travel fastest
through solid than liquid. Seismic waves slows down in hot areas such as in molten areas
within the Earth. Seismic stations record seismic waves that have traveled though Earth’s
layers and are installed or placed at increasing distances from the earthquake epicenter.

Reflections, refractions (bendings), and the production of new wave phases (e.g.,
an S wave produced from a P wave) may result when seismic waves pass between the
Earth’s layers.Seismic discontinuities are boundaries between the layers of the Earth
where velocities of seismic waves change abruptly.

III. Accompanying DepEd Textbook and Educational Sites

DepEd-Bureau of Secondary Education, Curriculum Development Division,

Science – Grade 8 Learner’s Module, First Edition, 2013 (pp.135-136).
Pasig City, Philippines
National Geographic. “Earth’s Crust”.
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/crust/
Mihai Andrei. “What are the layers of the Earth? August 21, 2018.
https://www.zmescience.com/other/science-abc/layers-earth-structure/
Trevor Nace. “4 Layers of the Earth Made Easy”. August 26, 2019.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/trevornace/2019/08/26/4-layers-of-the-earth-
made-easy/#2b50f1d245d8
Enchanted Learning. “Inside the Earth” Copyright 1998-2018.
https://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/earth/Insid
e.shtml

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IV. Activity Proper
ACTIVITY 1: What’s Beneath the Earth?
Objectives:
After performing this activity, you should be able to:
1. locate the layers of the Earth using an illustration; and
2. determine the characteristics of the layers of the Earth.

A. Layers of the Earth

Directions: Locate and label the layers of the Earth by extending the lines from the
illustration to the words inside the box.

Mantle

Crust

Inner Core

Outer Core

B. Characteristics of the Layers of the Earth

Directions: Complete the table by choosing the characteristics of the layers of the Earth
in the box below.

hottest layer thickest layer

brittle layer made of solid iron and nickel
thinnest layer made of molten iron and nickel
contains living things thickness is 2300 km
comprises earth’s 84% volume innermost layer
outermost layer

Table 1. Layers of the Earth and its Characteristics

CRUST MANTLE OUTER CORE INNER CORE

What Have You Learned from The Activity?

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

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ACTIVITY 2: A Journey to the Core

Objectives:

After performing this activity, you should be able to:

1. explain how earthquake waves provide information about the interior of the earth.

Directions: Read and understand the text below. Answer the questions that follows.

From the first quarter lessons, your learning of waves was recalled with light and
sound. You have also learned that waves carry energy and it can travel through earth’s rocky
ground as seismic waves caused by earthquake.

From the previous activity you were able to learn earth’s layers, but we, human beings
were only able to reach a depth of almost 13 km of the earth’s crust (Kola Superdeep Borehole
by the Soviet Union), and considering it’s thickness we are not even close to the edge of the
crust. How were the scientist able to discover the earth’s layers without having go past through
the crust?

It was through studying earthquakes and seismic waves that scientists were able to
understand more about earth’s inner structures and characteristics by using seismograph to
detect it. The seismic wave is classified into two main types: surface wave, which travels
through earth’s surface or crust and body wave, which travels through earth’s inner layers.
Body wave is again classified into two: primary wave (p wave), and secondary wave (s wave).

Each body wave has distinct characteristics. P wave is the fastest kind of wave and
first to be detected, it can move through solid and liquid mediums, it pushes and pulls the
rocks, hence it is also called as compressional wave. While S wave is the second wave felt in
an earthquake, slower than P wave and can travel through solid mediums only and as
transverse wave.

Observe the model of earth’s layers. On the right side is the

pathway of the P wave as it travels through Earth, on the left
is the pathway of S wave as it travels through Earth. Do you
remember what you have learned about waves passing
through a medium of different density? Like sound and light,
seismic waves also refract, and because of these bending,
scientists were able to distinguish the inner layers.

Guide Questions:

1. How did the scientist discover that crust is a different layer from the mantle?
2. Why can’t s wave pass through the outer core?
3. How is outer core different from the inner core?

V. Reflection
Is knowing the different layers of the Earth important? Why or why not?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

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 VI. Answer Key
Activity 1.A.

Crust

Mantle

Outer Core

Inner Core
Activity 1.B.

outermost layer

innermost layer thinnest layer

nickel volume
made of solid iron and thickness is 2300 km comprises earth’s 84% brittle layer
and nickel
hottest layer made of molten iron thickest layer contains living things
INNER CORE OUTER CORE MANTLE CRUST

Activity 2.

1. It was through studying earthquakes and seismic waves that scientists were able to
discover that crust is a different layer from the mantle.
2. Because the outer core is made of molten, liquid iron and nickel and S wave can only
travel through solid mediums.
3. The outer core is made of liquid iron and nickel while the inner core is made up of
solid iron and nickel.