Government ss3

WEEK 6: CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND MANAGEMENT

 Conflict can be defined as a state of serious disagreement, of argument between / among,
two / more persons / people over an issue, idea, feelings or opinion.
Types of Conflict
1.Violent Conflict
2. Value conflict
3. Organizational Conflict
4.Inter-personal conflict
5. Non-violent Conflict
CAUSES OF CONFLICTS
1. Political factor
2.Cultural factor
3.Religious factor
4.Economic factor
5. Social factor
6. Psychological factor
MEANING OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION & MANAGEMENT
Conflict Resolution: It can be defined as the methods and processes involved in facilitating the
peaceful ending of conflict, it is also known as reconciliation or dispute resolution.
Conflict Management: It is a way of managing a conflict before the actual solution
Negotiation
Mediation
Diplomacy
Creative peace building
Assignment
1.Define Conflicts.
2. Explain four causes of Conflicts in the society.
3. Define Conflict resolution.
4. Discuss four types of Conflicts.
5. What is conflict management
6. State four ways of resolving conflict
7. State three reasons for peace education

1.Conflict means [a] agreement [b] disagreement [c] riot [d] peace
2. Another word for conflict resolution is [a] exaggerating conflict [b] destroying those involved
[c] making peaceful process [d] encouraging war
3. One of the consequences of conflict is [a] love [b] lawlessness [c] growth [d] development
4. One of the causes of conflict is [a] cultural factor [b] exam malpractices [c] burial ceremony
[d] naming ceremony
5. Value conflict mean conflict over [a] economic matter [b] religious matter [c]political [d]
nationhood
 WEEK 7:MILITARY RULE IN NIGERIA
MILITARY RULE IN NIGERIA
MILITARY: It can be referred to as armed forces comprising the Army (land troops), then the
Navy (Sea troops) and the Air force.
MILITARY RULE: can be defined as a form of unconstitutional administration of a state or
country by member of the armed forces based on martial laws (Decrees and Edits) after
successfully overthrowing the government of that state or country.
COUP D'ÉTAT can be defined as a forceful overthrow of a constituted government in a country
by the armed forces.

BASIC FEATURES OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT

1. Suspension of constitution
2. Rules by decree and edict
3. Abuse of human rights
4. Centralized administration
5. Use of tribunals
Reasons for military intervention
1. Economic mismanagement
2. Political ambition of some army officers
3. Embezzlement of funds by civilian government
4. Over stay in power by some presidents
5. Influence from other countries
6. Rigging of election
7. Suppression of opposing political views
Assignment
1.Define the following (a) Military (b) Military rule (c) Coup d’ etat
2.State four basic features of Military Government.
3.Explain five reasons for military intervention.
OBJ
 The first military coup in Nigeria was on [a] January 15 1966 [b] Feb 3 1967 [c] Jan 25, 1967
 The first military coup in West Africa took place in [a] Nigeria [b] Ghana [c] Togo [d] Gambia
 The first military head of state in Nigeria was [a] Gen Gowon [b] Gen Murtala [c] Gen Ironsi
 Which military regime divided Nigeria into 36 states [a] Gen Babangida [b] Gen Abacha [c] Gen
Obasanjo [d] Gen Buhari
 The first step after a military take over is [a] Suspension of constitution [b] Shut down diplomatic
mission [c] Change the currency [d] Remove traditional rulers
Government

WEEK 8: STRUCTURE OF MILITARY REGIME

The Period 1966-1975
The above period witnessed two military regimes, namely;
(i) Aguyi Ironsi’s Regime: 15th January 1966 – 29th July 1966.
(ii) Yakubu Gowon’s regime - 29th July, 1966 – 29th July, 1975
AGUYI IRONSI’S REGIME: 15TH JANUARY 1966 – 29TH JULY 1966.
Structure: 1. Supreme military council made up of the head of state and military governors

 2. Federal executive councils consists of the head of state and civilian commissioners or
ministers
 Causes of Jan 15,1966 coup :
 Economic mismanagement by politicians
 Western regional electoral crisis of 1965
 Politicization of the army
 Intertribal politics
 Census crisis of 1962/63
 Influence of other coup in Africa
o Effects of the regime
 Promolgation of decree 34 of 1966 that changed Nigeria from Federal to unitary system
 Indifference to the coup plotters of 1966
 He could not implement most of his prorammes
o Yakubu Gowon’s regime - 29th July, 1966 – 29th July, 1975
Structure:
 Supreme military council consists of the Head of states and governors
 Federal executive councils- head of states and ministers
 Regional state council consists of military governors and commissioner
 Achievement
 Introduced NYSC-National Youth service Corp
 Divided Nigeria into twelve states on May 27,1967
 Introduced the indigenization decree of 1974
 Changed the currency from pounds to naira
 Nigeria became a member of OPEC and ECOWAS
 Changed Nigerian highway code from right to left
 Failures:
 Wastage of public funds
 Could not prevent the civil war
 Could not hand over to civilian regime as promised
 Assignment
Explain five causes of the January 15th coup d’ etat.
Discuss five achievements of Gowon’s regime.
 State three failures of Gen Gowon
 OBJ
 1.National Youth Service was created in the year [a] 1972 [b]1973 [c] 1974 [d] 1975
 2. Gowon became the Nigerian Head of state in the year [a] 1965 [b] 1966 [c] 1967 [d] 1970
 The civil war lasted for [a] 24 months [b] 30 months [c] 36 months [d] 42 months
 The highest decision making body under Gen. Gowon was [a] AFRC [b] PRC [c] SMC [d] National
assembly
 Gowon was removed from office by [a] Gen Murtala [b] Gen Babangida [c] Gen Abacha [d] Gen
Ironsi
Government ss3 Week 9

NIGERIA'S FOREIGN POLICY

*Foreign policy is the principles, guidelines and strategies adopted by a country in
conducting her relationship with other states while pursuing her national interest.
FACTORS AFFECTING/INFLUENCING NIGERIA'S FOREIGN POLICY
* Population/size
* Historical factors
* Geographical location
* National interest
* Military strength
* Public opinion
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF NIGERIA'S FOREIGN POLICY
The purpose of Nigeria's foreign policy is to achieve the following
* Eradication of colonialism and racism
* Settlement of interstate dispute/ conflicts in Africa
* Non alignment to any power block
* Promotion of national interest
* Respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity of other nations
* Respect for international laws and treaties.
Assignment

1. Define foreign policy

2. Explain five factors influencing Nigerian foreign policy
3. Discuss four aims and objectives of Nigerian Foreign policy
OBJ
1. Nigerian foreign policy before independence was [a] pro-west [b] Pro East [c] Non-aligned [d]
Full of armament
2. Foreign policy means [a] relations with party members [b] relations with sports councils [c]
relations with other countries [d] relations with country members
3. Africa the center piece of Nigerian foreign policy means [a] Afrocentrism [b] non alignment [c]
front line states [d] giant of Africa
4. Non alignment means [a] belonging to the East [b] belonging to the West [c] Neutral [d] Aligned
5. Nigerian foreign policy became more dynamnic under [a] Gen Gowon [b] Gen Murtala [c] Gen
Obansanjo [d] Gen Ironsi