Civic Education SS2 First Term .Docx (Reviewed)

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL
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FIRST TERM: E-LEARNING NOTES
SUBJECT: CIVIC EDUCATION CLASS: SS2
SCHEME OF WORK
WEEK TOPIC
THEME 1: CITIZENSHIP
1. Revision of work done in the last year.
2. Importance of Citizenship Education: (a) Meaning of citizenship education. (b)
Duties and obligations of Citizens to their communities, e.g. Security, obedience
to rules and regulations, environmental sanitation, promotion of peace, etc.
3. Importance of Citizenship Education: (c) Skills necessary for preservation of
our traditions, customs, beliefs, etc. in Nigeria.
4. Importance of Citizenship Education:(d) How to promote National
consciousness, national integrity and unity.
THEME 2: DEMOCRACY AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
5. Capitalist Democracy: (a) Meaning of Capitalist democracy and its
Characteristics.
6. Capitalist Democracy:(b) Competition for power among political parties, e.g.
campaigns, manifestoes, etc. (c) Importance of employment in alleviating
poverty. (d) Factors which promote guaranteed employment, e.g. free education
and medical care, responsible governance, popular participation, etc.
7. MID TERM BREAK
THEME 3: DANGERS OF POLITICAL APATHY
8. Meaning and Forms of Apathy: (a) Definition of Apathy and meaning of
Political apathy in its various forms. E.g. refusal to register and vote, refusal to
protest against election rigging.
DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL 1

9. Meaning and Forms of Apathy:(b) Reasons for political apathy e.g. bad
governance, unfulfilled political promises, election rigging, etc. (c) Why leaders
fail to protect the interest of their followers e.g. selfishness, party interest.
10. Revision
11. Examination
WEEK 1 DATE……………………….
REVISION OF LAST TERM’S WORK
WEEK 2 DATE……………………….
SUBJECT: CIVIC EDUCATION
CLASS: SS2
TOPIC: IMPORTANCE OF CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION
CONTENT: 1. MEANING OF CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION
2. DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS OF CITIZEN TO THEIR

COMMUNITIES
SUB-TOPIC 1: MEANING OF CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION.
A citizen of a state or country is a person who has the legal right to enjoy all the rights and
benefits of that state or county.
Citizenship is the legal status of an individual in a state or country.
Citizenship Education according to an author is the conscious efforts and activities came up by
the government to inculcate in the young people and adults knowledge, virtues, norms values,
attitudes and notions of acceptable manner of behaviour as a means of building of strong nation.
In another sense, civic education is the process of teaching and learning ones responsibility to the
state as responsible citizens of the country. It is introduced in schools to create awareness.
EVALUATION
1. Who is a citizen?
2. Citizenship means
3. Define citizenship education
SUB – TOPIC 2: DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS OF CITIZENS TO THEIR

COMMUNITIES.
Duties are activities a person is expected to do as a result of societal, social or family

expectation. Something you have to do because it is your responsibility.
Obligations mean activities which are specially designed to be carried out by an individual or
citizen towards a society, or other individuals.
It is the duty of the citizens and the government to protect lives and properties in the community.
In some communities we have vigilante group and citizens also work with the law enforcement
agency – Police for security purposes.
There are set down rules and regulation contained in the constitution of the land which good
citizens are to obey and abide by them. Religion groups also have their own rules and regulations
which the members must recognize and obey.
The citizens owe it as a duty and obligation to clean their environment, that is why we have days
of environmental sanitation both in the state and the nation as a whole.
i. It is the duty of the citizens to come out in mass to vote during elections and they can also
contest for political posts.
ii. It is the duty of the citizens to pay tax and levies to generate funds for the provision of
social amenities.
iii. The citizens should also protect government properties and not to vandalize them but
should have maintenance culture.
iv. For peace to reign in our community, the citizens are obligated to avoid anti-social
activities such as riots, violence, cultism and terrorism. They need to do things that will
promote peace.
v. The citizens in a community are expected to participate in community services that will
enhance the development process of their community.
vi. Helping the needy, sick (HIV/AIDS, Cancer, heart problems). At the same time meet the
need of their immediate environment.
vii. Attendance of NYSC (Nigerian Youths Serving our country.)
viii. Citizens should expose criminals and people with criminal tendencies
EVALUATION

1. List and explain five duties and obligation a citizen.
GENERAL EVALUATION
1. Define citizenship education

2. Explain the meaning of citizenship education.
3. Mention the duties and obligations of citizens to their communities.
4. Explain five duties and obligation a citizen
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Objective Test
1. The relationship between a state and her citizens is one of ________
a. Reciprocity b. Master –slate relation c. Leader led relation
d. the mighty and weakling relation
2. The process of teaching and learning ones responsibility to a state is.............
a. Citizenship b. Citizenship education c. Citizenship evaluation.
d. Citizenship Appraisal
3. The following except _______________ are objectives of citizenship education.
a. To teach people how to be responsible citizens.
b. To teach people how to develop sound moral values.
c. to make people to be nationally conscious.
d. To teach people how to suppress their fellow human being.
4. The first duty of a good citizen is to ______
a. support military intelligence of his state.
b. Pay his taxes and rates periodically.
c. To maintain a good relationship with his social system for survival.
d. To help formulate good laws for the state.
5. A member of a particular state is called __________?

a. an alien b. a citizen c. An ambassador d. a citizenship
Essay Test
1. Explain the meaning of citizenship education.
2. Mention the duties and obligations of citizens to their communities.
READING ASSIGNMENT
Basic civic education for Senior Secondary School, book 2, by Ukaegbu Merry N. et al. Meybiks
Nig. Publisher, Pages 1 – 6.
PRE – READING ASSIGNMENT
Read about the skills necessary for the preservation of our Traditions, customs and beliefs.
WEEKEND ACTIVITIES
List four ways in which our traditions, customs and beliefs can be preserved.
REFERENCE TEXTS
1. Basic civic education for Senior Secondary School, book 2 by Ukaegbu Merry N. et al.
Meybiks Nig. Publisher
2. Mind Exploits Civic Education for senior secondary schools by B.C. Amao. Mind
Exploits Publishers.
3. National standard civic Education for Secondary Schools by Folami Oluwatoyin.

Imperial Publishers Limited.

WEEK 3 DATE……………………….
CLASS: SS2
TOPIC: IMPORTANCE OF CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION
CONTENT: 1. SKILLS NECESSARY FOR PRESERVATION OF OUR

TRADITIONS, CUSTOMS, BELIEFS IN NIGERIA
Sub-Topic 1: Skills necessary for preservation of our traditions, customs, and beliefs in
Nigeria.
Culture is the totality of people’s way of life customs and traditions are the total ways in which
people of a particular society live and relate with another. Belief is the norms values and
doctrines which people of a common interest, opinion and back ground adopt to regulate their
tradition and customs. Features of culture, includes our mode of dressing, food, greeting, art and
crafts. In Nigeria, we have high level of traditional and cultural diversity. Different tribes are
known for a certain custom and tradition.
To preserve or protect our traditions, customs and belief in Nigeria;
a. Children should be taught and encouraged to speak and converse with their dialect or
local language at home by their parents. This will eventually help to preserve our cultural
identity.
b. Wearing of cultural dresses.
c. Organizing cultural festivals funded by the government.
d. We have different types of food or dishes prepared by Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba. When we
prepare them it will help to preserve our traditions and custom.
e. The making or creating various materials for domestic use to weave cloth (Akweke
people from Abia state.) basket, mat, chairs, e.t.c.
f. Citizens should be encouraged to travel to other parts of the country outside their state of
origin so as to expose them to other cultures.
g. Keeping of records of activities safe to create permanent records of events. It could be in

our filming of cultural events and festivals, audio recording of information by the
custodians of culture and traditions.

h. We can use the genes of literature like drama, play, poetry, short stories, the novel, to
preserve traditions, customs and beliefs in Nigeria.
i. The use of usual arts-making of sculptures, statues, painting, and sketching and
photography to preserve aesthetic aspects of Nigeria’s culture and traditions.
j. Oral traditions which include songs, folks, myths and legends, proverbs and ballads can
be used to preserve our history, traditions belief and culture.
EVALUATION
1. State 7 Skills necessary for preservation of our traditions, customs, and beliefs in Nigeria.
GENERAL EVALUATION
1. State 7 Skills necessary for preservation of our traditions, customs, and beliefs in Nigeria.
2. Enumerate 8 Skills necessary for preservation of our traditions, customs, and beliefs in
Nigeria.
3. Itemize 7 Skills necessary for preservation of our traditions, customs, and beliefs
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Objective Test
1. The embodiments of traditions, customs and beliefs is known as _______
(a) Culture (b) Cultural lag (c) Cultural (d) Cultural dynamism
2. One major way we can preserve our culture is through ___________
(a) Local building construction (b) Listening to the mass media
(c) Talking proverbially (d) Learning documentary art.
3. National unity can be promoted in Nigeria in the following ways except
(a) tolerance (b) Hospitality (c) Inter-marriage
(d) Corruption
4. All these are skills necessary for presentation of our traditions except
(a) Language (b) Dressing (c) Food
(d) Rioting
5. These are features of culture except ______ (a) Tradition

(b) Custom (c) belief (d) Bank
Essay Test
1. What is culture?
2. List and explain the skills necessary for the preservation of culture.
READING ASSIGNMENT
Kaysho Comprehensive Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools by Adeniyi Adeyemo R.
Et al, page 72 – 74.
PRE-READING ASSIGNMENT
Read How to promote National Consciousness.
WEEKEND ACTIVITIES
Explain what you understand by National consciousness
REFERENCE TESTS
1. Kaysho Comprehensive Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools by Adeniyi

Adeyemo R. Et al
2. Mind Exploits Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools by B.’S. Amao
WEEK 4 DATE……………………….
CLASS: SS2
TOPIC: CITIZENSHIP
CONTENT: 1. Understanding the concept of National consciousness, National

Integrity and National Unity
2. How to promote National Consciousness, National Integrity and

Unity.

SUB – TOPIC: 1. UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT OF NATIONAL

CONSCIOUSNESS, NATIONAL INTEGRITY AND NATIONAL
UNITY
A. National Consciousness:
National consciousness is the awareness that one belongs to an ethnic or political nation.
It is also a feeling of necessary social cohesion which establishes a unique character,
image and identity for a nation.
National Consciousness demands the following:
1. The existence of an ethnic or politically created group within a given geographical

territory.
2. Well-feeling originating from mental and emotional bond and cultural affiliation.
3. Sense of patriotism and love for the identified group and strong desire for its
corporate existence.
4. Willingness to pay the prize for the sustenance of the group’s interests, norms,
values and cultural orientations.
5. Giving total allegiance to the nation and obedience to the constitution and
constituted authorities.
6. Readiness to stand against external aggression and internal divisions and

injustices.
7. Contributing ones effort to sustain and strengthen the economic and social base of
the nation.
8. Supporting existing political structured for autonomy, security and general well-
being of the citizens.
9. Promoting ideas and policies that can engender meaningful transformation,

progress, growth and national development.
10. Putting the interest of the nation first above personal or sectional preferences.
B. National Integrity:
National integrity connotes being honest to ourselves and basing our actions, visions,
mission and utterances on strong moral principles and conviction. It can also mean
having a state devoid of division, segregation, parochial interests, sectionalism,

oppression and victimization pursuing national integrity requires being kind hearted,
truthful, sincere and empathic in relating with people from other ethnic nationality
outside our own. In doing this we are forging a common front for unity, togetherness,
corporate efforts at nation-building.
To achieve National Integrity, there is need for:
1. Honesty in dealing with fellow citizens .
2. Truthfulness
3. Trustworthiness
4. Sound Moral upbringing and disposition of the leaders and the led.
5. Unity in diversity, a source of our strength.
6. Understanding and tolerance for other peoples opinion and cultural differences.
7. Justice,: equity, fairness and political equality for all and sundry.
C. National Unity: National unity refers to having the sense of togetherness felt and
projected by people of different cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Nigeria is made up of
over 400 ethnic groups, and this diversity should be channeled to strengthen our unity as
a nation. People should put away their differences and work together in harmony to
develop Nigeria our country.
The following can help to promote national unity:
1. Tolerance – We must learn to live together by accepting and respecting one another
irrespective of our religious, political and geographical and cultural value differences.
We must promote “unity in diversity”.
2. Inter-tribal Marriages: Nigerians should have the freedom to marry from any part of
the country provided such marriage is propelled by love. There should be no
restriction or barrier of any kind on the way of any Nigerian wanting to marry from
any part of the country other than his or her people. People of difference cultures
related in marriage are not likely to raise arms against themselves.
3. National and inter states sports: Sports and Games competitions are strong weapon
for national unity. National sports and Games festivals as well as Inter-State Sports
Competitions should be encouraged to promote national unity.

4. Sustenance of the NYSC Scheme: The National Youth Service Corps scheme should
be retained and strengthened because it is a veritable tool in promoting unity among
the youths of this country. The NYSC scheme has been fostering national integration
and by extension, national unity.
5. Mass Mobilization and Public Enlightenment Campaign: the government through the
national orientation Agency and the Mass Media should step up campaigns arrived at
unifying the populace. Nigerians should be mobilized to develop love for our country,
have sense of patriotism, appreciate and respect national symbols and indeed be
proud to be Nigerians.
EVALUATION
1. Define the following concepts

a. National consciousness
b. National Integrity
c. National unity.
2. How can we achieve National Unity?
SUB – TOPIC 2: HOW TO PROMOTE NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS, NATIONAL

INTEGRITY AND NATIONAL UNITY.
The following values can help to promote National consciousness, National integrity and unity:
1. Respect and acceptance of one another: This will promote unity when we see ourselves as
one and treat one another with dignity and respect.
2. Tolerance: When we tolerate one another, we would be able to love and endure each
other despite our differences. Lack of tolerance has been engendering hatred, and
violence.
3. Cooperation: Cooperation promote unity, when we can work together harmoniously to

achieve a set goal.
4. Respect for the rights of others: When upholding and practicing the principles of
fundamental human right as enshrined in our constitution there should be less friction and
conflict in the country
5. Equity, justice and fairness: When there is equity, equality, justice and fairness there
would be peace, unity and oneness among the ethnic groups.
6. Identification without discrimination: We need to identify with other ethnic groups seeing
ourselves as one, not having the feeling or belief that we are better than them.
7. Hospitality with receptivity: when we receive one another with love and friendliness, we
will be able to accommodate and relate cordially with each other. Hatred would be
removed and peace and unit promoted
8. Togetherness: We should learn to do things together through cultural synergy and

programmes that will foster unity such inter marriages, sports festivals. Etc.
9. Moral Rectitude: Nigerian must embrace brotherliness, love, moral values, and dignity of
labour and shun corruption, hatred, laxity, fault finding, indolence, malpractices,
vandalism, hooliganism and violence, looting and embezzlement. NOA, ICPC, EFCC etc
must rise to this task.
10. Civic Educational: Nigerians especially children and youths must be educated to
internalize our cherished national value through civic education:
EVALUATION
1. List five ways to promote National Consciousness, integrity and unity.
2. Give the full meaning of NOA, ICPC and EFCC.
GENERAL EVALUATION
1. In what 3 ways can national integrity be achieved?
2. Briefly discuss how the NYSC scheme can promote national unity.
3. National unity and consciousness are less important than national integrity in building a
Nation. Discuss
4. List five ways to promote National Consciousness, integrity and unity.
5. Give the full meaning of these acronyms: 1. NOA 2. ICPC 3. EFCC.
6. Explain the following concepts
a. National consciousness
b. National Integrity
c. National unity.
7. How can we achieve National Unity?

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:
Objective questions
1. “The awareness that one belongs to an ethnic or political nation” is referred to as

________ (a) Citizenship (b) National consciousness (c) National integrity (d)
National unity
2. To achieve National integrity, there must be these except
(a) Conflict (b) Honest (c) truthfulness (d) Justice, Equity, Equality and fairness
3. National unity cannot be achieved through one of these
(a) ethnic inclination (b) Tolerance (c) Inter tribal marriages
(d) National Youths service corps scheme
4. One of these does not portray national unity
(a) having the sense of togetherness (b) Strong desire for corporate existence
(c) Sense of segregation, division and victimization
(d) Identification without discrimination
5. These are agents for ethnical re-orientation, mass mobilization and public enlightenment
except. (a) NOA (b) AGDA (c) EFCC (d) ICPC
Essay Question
1. a. In what five ways can national integrity be achieved?
b. Briefly explain how the NYSC scheme can promote national unity.
2. National unity and consciousness are less important than national integrity in building a
Nation. Discuss
PRE-READING ASSIGNMENT:
Read about the Meaning of capitalist democracy and its characteristics from Basic Civic
Education for Senior Secondary Schools SS 2 by Ukegbu, Merry N et al, Meybiks Nig.
Publishers (pages 20 – 22).
WEEKEND ACTIVITY
1. Defined and explain capitalist Democracy.

2. List and discuss five characteristics of capitalist democracy.
REFERENCE TEXTS
1. Basic Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools SS 2 by Ukegbu Merry N et al,
Maybiks Nig. Publishers (pages 20 – 26)
2. Dynamics of civic education for Senior Secondary Schools. By ‘Sola Adu and ‘Kunle
Ogunrinde. Emdet Publications. (pages 63 -68)
WEEK 5 DATE……………………….
CLASS: SS2
TOPIC: CAPITALIST DEMOCRACY.
CONTENT: 1. MEANING OF CAPITALIST DEMOCRACY AND ITS

CHARACTERISTICS.
1. Meaning of capitalist Democracy
Democracy has earlier been defined as the government of the people by the people and
for the people.
Broadly speaking, two types of democracy can be identified in the world namely:
Western democracy and Eastern democracy.
These two democratic practices fit into the two major economic systems in the world
namely: (i) Socialism and Capitalism
Socialism and its brand of democracy is practiced in China, Cuba, Russia, Dominican
Republic and other countries in Europe. Under this form of democracy, it is the
government that own means of production and runs a one party system. Individual
ownership of means of production is prohibited by the state.
Capitalism and its model of democracy is practiced in Western Europe by Great Britain,
United States of America, Japan, Germany and over two third of the countries of the
world including Nigeria.

Under capitalism, individuals are allowed to own wealth, means of production,

distribution and property and market forces of demand and supply determine the price of
goods and services. This capitalist ideology is called capitalist democracy.
Capitalism Democracy
Capitalism Democracy is therefore a form of government in which powers of government

flow from the citizens to the political leaders and the running of the government is based
on the consent of the electorate.
It could equally be seen as a political and economic practice where means of production,
distribution and acquisition of wealth and productive forces are controlled by the well-to-
do individuals.
In this types of democracy individuals are fully permitted to contest and own means of
production. The economy is based on the principle of free enterprise of the people, for the
people and by the people. This is to say that the people are allowed the freedom to choose
the type of government and governance they prefer. There is no state party and the
economic and political freedom of the citizenry is guaranteed. From the foregoing,
capitalist democracy can be defined as a form of government organized in accordance
with the principles of popular sovereignty, political equality, popular consultation and
majority rule.
2. Characteristics of Capitalist Democracy.
1. Popular Sovereignty: this means that basic governmental decision making power
is rested in all members of the community and not in any particular person or
ruling class.
2. Political Equality: Every member of the community or state has equal

opportunity in the nation’s political decision – making process on the principles of
“One Man, One Vote”.
3. Majority Rule: In their type of rule, government is not allowed to take decision
against the desire of the majority. This implies that political decision requires
choices among possible alternatives and each has its own supporters among the
sovereign people. Public decision making must be well-informed, fully discussed,
without government interference. Therefore in capitalist democracy, the majority
must have their way, but the minority must have the right to their views.

4. Popular Consultation: This implies that officials of government should seek and
get what public policies the people would like to be adopted and enforced.
Leaders should implement only popularly accepted policies and not selfish
interest and wishes.
5. Respect for Fundamental Human Rights: There is recognition for civil rights
such as freedom of speech, Press, Association etc.
6. Periodic Election: elections are expected to be periodically held, and made open,
free and fair. Elections must comply with the rule of Universal Adult Suffrage and
must be open to all qualified adults and monitored by other people and the
international community.
7. Respect for Rule of Law: This implies that everybody in the state must be equal
before the laws of the land. Everybody must be under the same law. Also, all
recognised human rights must be put down in the constitution and must be
respected by the constitution and must be respected by the people and the
government.
8. Independent and impartial judiciary: An independent and impartial judiciary,

to adjudicate in electoral disputes, is an essential characteristic of capitalist
democracy. Judges who serve in this body are expected to be fearless and made to
enjoy necessary freedom from government arbitrary control or punishment in the
course of discharging their constitutional duties.
9. Decentralization of Powers: It is important that the powers of the state must be

separated and not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups. This will
prevent the emergence of dictatorial and despotic leaders. In the same way, the
principles of checks and balances must be adopted and used in the system.
10. Freedom of Association and Groups: Democracy allows for the formation of
associations and political parties. In other words, there must be in existence in
democratic state, more than one political party and groups within which
alternative views can be promoted, and choices made available for the electorate
to pick from during elections.
11. The system is Market Driven: Participants market their labour, means of
production, goods, services and ideas. Nothing is done free. Every participant in
the economic system in guided by profit motive, there is selfless service.
12. It Encourages Healthy competition: the system allows many competing

producers, workers and buyers to compete among themselves. This paves way for

economic rivalry among producers, consumers and labour seeking better

remuneration.
3. Advantages of capitalism Democracy:
Capitalist democracy has some advantages over socialist democracy. Such advantages
include:
i It thrives on the doctrine of fundamental Human Rights expressed through

individual (private), corporate and state autonomy and freedom.
ii. It guarantees maximum freedom of enterprises.
i. It enhances faster economic development.

ii. It promotes good governance, quality policy making in provision and distribution
of public amenities due to less government interference in the economic
development process.
iii. It enables people have opportunity to make economic and political choices
iv. It encourages development at the level and pace of one’s potentials and
capabilities.
v. It encourages specialization in skills and quality productivity
vi. The system creates room for effective utilization of abundant talents and
resources.
vii. It is self regulatory since there is no government interference and control.
viii. It allows room for invention, innovation and creativity
4. Disadvantages of Capitalist Democracy.
i. It breeds selfish, greedy and exploitative few at the detriment of the majority
ii. Unbridled exploitation of the poor and less privilege in the society.
iii. It encourages unhealthy competition and rivalry.
i. It leads to selective employment; unemployment and cheap labour since capitalist

are not under any legislative control.
ii. It encourages in ordinate crave for wealth.
iii. It encourages inequitable distribution of income – wealth
iv. It encourages inhumane treatment and injustice against fellow men.
v. Capitalist major concern is profiteering with less concern for life.
vi. It promotes oligarchic form of government to enable them make polices that
would protect the interest of the rich class or bourgeoisies.
vii. Capitalist democracy is more or less a self functioning system with no apparent
regulatory measure. The poor are left unprotected from the exploitative tendencies
of the rich in the society.
EVALUATION
1. What is capitalist democracy?
2. Mention five characteristics of capitalist democracy.
GENERAL EVALUATION
1. State the meaning of capitalist democracy?
2. Enumerate five characteristics of capitalist democracy.
3. Itemize 4 advantages and disadvantages of capitalist democracy
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Objective Questions
1. Capitalist democracy is practiced in the following countries except.
(a) Great Britain (b) China (c) Germany (d) Japan
2. The following are feature of capitalist democracy except
(a) Political Equality (b) Majority Rule (c) Periodic Election
(d) One Party State
3. Another name for the wealthy – well-to-do individuals in the society ___
(a) Millionaire (b) Billionaire (c) Bourgeoisies (d) Bill Gate
4. One of these is not an advantage of capitalist
(a) It encourages unhealthy competition and rivalry.
(b) It is self regulatory, no government interference and control
(c) It guarantees maximum freedom of enterprise.
(d) It enhances faster economic development.
Essay Questions

1. Why do many countries prefer capitalist democracy to socialist Democracy?
2. Capitalist democracy has been criticized by some people. Give five reasons for their
criticism.
READING ASSIGNMENT
Basic Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools SS 2 by Ukegbu, Merry N et al, Maybiks
Nig. Publisher (pages 22-26)
Read about competition for power among political parties in capitalist Democracy
WEEKEND ACTIVITY
List five methods of competing for power by political parties
REFERENCE TEXTS
1. Basic Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools SS 2 by Ukegbu, Merry N et al,
Maybiks Nig. Publisher (pages 20-26)
2. Kaysho comprehensive Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools SS 1 – 3, by

Adeniyi Adeyemo R et al, Laysho Educational Books. (Pages 128 – 130)
WEEK 6 DATE……………………….
CLASS: SS2
TOPIC: CAPITALIST DEMOCRACY
CONTENT: 1. COMPETITION FOR POWER AMONG POLITICAL PARTIES.

SUB – TOPIC: COMPETITION FOR POWER AMONG POLITICAL PARTIES.
Politicians seek for power to rule over the people through elections. Prior to the election, the
Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) usually announce election time table which
serves as guide. Competition for power among various political parties for various political
offices in the nation is usually a struggle. Political parties compete for power through the
following:
1. Manifestos: Manifesto is a written or printed statement of the beliefs, principles, aims and
objectives of a political party for an election. A manifesto also contains the programme of
activities of all the political parties. Political parties usually present their manifestoes to
the electorate during campaigns and political realities in order to get their votes.
2. Campaigns: This is an organised effort of the members of a political party that seeks the
electorate to vote for their party. It is a forum used to present representatives to the
electorate to be voted for during elections.
3. Propaganda: This is the spread of information or ideas by a political party or government

to influence people’s opinions and belief by not giving them the facts. This is used to
influence the electorate to vote for the party.
4. Media discredits: This is a process of using media (radio, television, News papers and
magazines) as a weapon against opposition parties. The campaign message of the
political party is twisted and used against the other party members in order to discredit
them before the electorate.
5. Political speeches: A political speech is a formal talk given by a politician to an audience.

This could be done at an election campaign or given through radio or television to
convince the electorate to vote for such politician.
6. Political rallies: A political rally is a public meeting of a large group of people especially
to show support for a political party. It involves the candidates, supporters, well-wishers
and the press.
7. Elections: An election is a formal decision-making process in which a group of persons

choose an individual for public office such as the legislative and the executive post. This
process is usually done through voting.
8. Souvenirs Strategies: Political parties and candidates make use of branded items such as
T-shirt, face cap, umbrella, etc. as gift to the electorate.
EVALUATION

1. List and explain any five tools used by political parties to influence the electorate to vote
in their favour.
2. What is the use of manifesto to political parties?
3. What is the meaning of capitalist democracy?
4. Define Capitalist Democracy
IMPORTANCE OF EMPLOYMENT IN ALLEVIATING POVERTY:
Employment means finding something doing to keep body and soul together. It means to utilize
our time and other resources into something that will yield gain, profit and income for us.
Laziness and idleness bring insult, embracement and shame. On the other hand, poverty
means lack, dearth, unproductiveness, lowliness, penury, deprivation, to be poor. It makes one to
beg for food, clothes, money and other necessities of life.
These are importance of employment in alleviating poverty.
1. It helps in the growth of the economy: When people are employed they generate incomes
which enable them to purchase goods and services and this help the growth of the
economy.
2. It provides access to health care services: Employment makes it possible for people to
earn money, which enables them to take care of their health needs and that of their family
members
3. It provides education for relatives of employees: Employed citizens earn salaries, which
enable them to provide education for their children and wards.
4. It provides basic needs of life for the people: Employment empowers people to provide
themselves with basic needs of life such as food clothing and shelter.
5. It improves the standard of living: When people are employed they earn money, which
enables them to improve their standards of living. Thus, they would be able to afford
luxury items such as exotic cars, mansions, etc.
6. It makes people to trust one and give him greater responsibilities and challenges.
7. It brings other business opportunities both within and outside the country.
EVALUATION

1. What is the meaning of the following? (i) Empowerment (ii) poverty
2. List and explain five effects of unemployment.
3. List and explain five importance of employment to the individuals and to the nation.
FACTORS WHICH PROMOTE GUARANTEED EMPLOYMENT.
THE FOLLOWING FACTORS PROMOTE GUARANTEED EMPLOYMENT:
1. Free Education: Lack of education is a great barrier to being employed. For the citizens
to be gainfully employed free education should be provided for them to enable them
acquire basic literacy that will guarantee them employment.
2. Free medical care: The government at all levels should provide free medical care for the
citizens because the health status of citizens is important for a good workforce. It is only
those who are healthy that can be guaranteed employment.
3. Establishment of industries: The more industries are established in a nation, the more
the employment opportunities are created the more guaranteed employment to the citizen.
4. Responsible governance: A responsible government creates job opportunities for its

citizens. Therefore this guaranteed employment.
5. Popular participation in governance: Popular participation in governance comes about

when citizens contribute their quota to the growth and development of the economy by
payment of taxes, rates and bills, etc. The revenue generated through this process could
be used to establish industries, thus guaranteed employment for citizens.
6. Provision of security: The government should ensure that the lives and properties of
every citizen are secured. When there is security, of lives and properties more investors
will be attracted to invest in the nation and this will in turn guarantee employment to the
citizen.
7. Establishment of skill acquisition centre: Government and other rich Nigerians should
establish skill acquisition centers to train our youths on various skills. This will guarantee
them employment when they graduate or they can be self employed.
EVALUATION
1. List and explain any two factors that guaranteed employment opportunities to the
citizens.

2. What steps should the government of our nation take to attract more investment in
Nigeria?
3. What is the role or place of security in the promotion guaranteed employment in any
given society?
GENERAL EVALUATION
1. Mention and explain any three tools used by political parties to influence the electorate to
vote for their favour.
2. What is the use of manifesto to political parties?
3. What is the meaning of capitalist democracy?
4. Mention and explain two importance of employment in poverty alleviation.
5. Itemize the way establishment of more industries will improve employment creation in
Nigeria.
6. In what ways will popular participation in governance guaranteed employment in

Nigeria?
7. Explain in detail these words and state how they can guarantee employment (a) Free
education (b) Free medical care
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Objective Tests
1. Campaign in politics is often referred to as _____ (a) Political campaign (b) Electoral
campaign (c) Political manifesto (d) Campaign democracy
2. Political seek for power through _______ (a) election (b) campaign (c) rallies and
meeting (d) selection and nomination of candidates.
3. The use of gift items to win the mind and support of the electorate is refers to as _____
(a) enticement (b) souvenirs strategy (c) campaign strategy (d) wisdom in deceit.
4. When politicians twist their campaign messages against their opponents, it is called – (a)
Media discredits (b) campaign diversion (c) manifesto (d) propaganda

5. The spread of information or idea by political party to influence people’s opinions and
interest is called_________ (a) propaganda (b) manifesto (c) souvenirs strategies (d)
Political appeal.
6. Employment provides ________ (a) hazards (b) good standard of living (c) opportunity
for idleness (d) ill-gotten wealth.
7. Poverty means ________ (a) dearth (b) access to free medical care (c) lack of obedience
to law and order. (c) none of the above.
8. Employment means _______ (a) working for someone (b) doing something to earn a
living (c) Working in government parastatal only (d) to leave your house in the morning
and return in the evening.
9. Good health status promotes guaranteed _____ (a) wealth (b) peace of mind (c)
employment (d) good life style.
10. The following are the basic needs of life Except _______ (a) food (b) clothing (c) shelter
(d) children.
Essay Test
1. What is capitalist democracy?
2. Mention and explain two importance of employment in poverty alleviation.
3. Explain the way establishment of more industries will improve employment creation in
Nigeria.
4. In what ways will popular participation in governance guaranteed employment in

Nigeria?
5. Explain these words and state how they can guarantee employment (a) Free education (b)
Free medical care
READING ASSIGNMENT
Senior Secondary Civic Education (work book 2) Evans, Ben Emunemu et al (Chapter 2 and 3)
Read about meaning and forms of apathy
WEEKEND ACTIVITY

List four things that can make election results invalid.
1. Evans Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools, Book 2 by Ben Emuneme et al.
Evans Brothers (Nigeria Publishers) Limited
2. Cosmopolitan Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools, Books by Adeshola
Olubunmi et al. Cosmopolitan Books Services.
WEEK 8 DATE……………………….

CLASS: S.S.2
TOPIC: MEANING AND FORMS OF APATHY
CONTENT: DEFINITION OF APATHY AND MEANING OF POLITICAL APATHY
IN ITS VARIOUS FORMS
SUB-TOPIC 1: MEANING OF APATHY

According to Longman Dictionary Apathy is defined as “the feeling of not being interested in
something and not willing to make any effort to change things”. Also according to Encarta
Dictionary Apathy means “lack of enthusiasm or energy, lack of interest in anything, or the
absence of any wish to do anything”.
MEANING OF POLITICAL APATHY

It is a form of indifference or nonchalant attitude towards political activities by citizens. It is
lack of interest in politics or political activities by citizens of a country. It also refers to the
tendency of some members of the society to shun political activities in their country.
Political apathy is the feeling of not being interested in political programmes or activities by the
people of the country. It is a situation in which citizens of a country shows an indifferent
attitude towards political activities. It is total loss of interest in political programmes or
activities. It is a situation in which citizens are not enthusiastic to participate in politics.

EVALUATION
Explain the following terms
a. Apathy
b. Political Apathy
SUB TOPIC 2: FORMS OF APATHY

Political apathy can take different shapes. Some of these shapes include:
1. REFUSAL TO REGISTER TO VOTE: This is a situation in which eligible voters

refuse to register with the electoral body in order not to participate in election of
political leaders.
2. REFUSAL TO VOTE DURING ELECTIONS: Another form of political apathy is
the refusal to cast one’s vote during election. Some citizens refuse to vote during
election even though they are registered with the electoral body in the country.
3. REFUSAL TO CONTEST ELECTIONS: Some eligible citizens refuse to take up
elective posts or offices because they are apathetic.
4. REFUSAL TO PARTICIPATE IN PROTESTS AND DEMONSTRATION: Based
on the belief of some citizens, and lack of interest in politics, they will refuse to protest
against election malpractices
5. NON INVOLVEMENT IN ELECTIONEERING CAMPAIGN: A form of political
apathy is the refusal to take part in electioneering campaigns.
6. REFUSAL TO SUPPORT ANY CANDIDATE OR POLITICAL PARTY: Refusal
to support any candidate or party is another form of political apathy.
7. Lack of participation in community work or service.
EVALUATION
1. Explain any five forms of apathy.
2. What will be the fate of any nation where the citizens are not interested in politics?
GENERAL EVALUATION
1. Explain the following terms

a. Apathy
b. Political Apathy
2. Explain any five forms of apathy
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. The feeling of not being interested in something is called (a) apart (b) Political
Apathy (c) Apathy (d) popular participation
2. The feeling of not being interested in political programmes or activities by the people of
the country is known as ________ (a) Obsolete (b) Political apathy (c) Apathy
(d) All of the above
3. Which of the following is not a form of political apathy? (a) refusal to register to vote
(b) Total involvement in electoral process (c) lack of participation in community
development (d) refusal to vote during election
ESSAY
1. Differentiate between Apathy and Political Apathy
2. Explain any four forms of apathy
READING ASSIGNMENT
Read Longman Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools 2 by R.W. Okunloye el at,
pages 17 – 18.
PRE –CLASS READING ASSIGNMENT
Read about reasons for political apathy
WEEKEND ACTIVITY
Explain why leaders fail to protect the interest of their followers
REFERENCE TEXTS
1. Longman Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools 2 by R.W. Okunloye el at, pages
17 – 18.
2. Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools (An interactive Approach) Folashade O.O.
el at, page 95

WEEK 9 DATE……………………….

CLASS: S.S.2
TOPIC: MEANING AND FORMS OF APATHY
CONTENT: 1. Reasons for political apathy
2. Why leaders fail to protect the interest of their followers
3. Ways of discouraging political apathy
Sub-topic 1: REASONS FOR POLITICAL APATHY

1. BAD GOVERNANCE: People tend to lose interest in politics when the government
does not rule well, when the leaders are corrupt and the same measures are not used for
all the sections of the economy.
2. UNFULFILLED ELECTORAL PROMISES: There is going to be political apathy
when manifesto of the parties are not strictly adhere to. Manifesto is the document listing
party programmes and policies. It shows clearly what the party will do when in power.
3. VIOLENCE DURING ELECTIONEERING CAMPAIGNS: Political apathy sets in
when electioneering campaigns are characterized by violence.
4. VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS: When there is violation of human rights by
government agencies this will create the spirit of apathy in the citizens and it will not
allow them to participate in peaceful protests and demonstration.
5. TRIBALISM: A situation where one of the tribe is favoured over the other, political
apathy will set in.
6. RIGGING OF ELECTION: Election is meant for the removal of bad leader. When
electorates see that instead of free and fair elections, elections are rigged in favor of
individuals and parties, they tend to lose interest in politics.
7. COUP DE’ TAT: Constant military interventions in politics have discouraged so many
people from participating in the electoral process of the country.
8. POLITICAL THUGGERY: The issue of hooliganism has dissuaded decent people
from participating in politics.

EVALUATION
1. State five reasons for Political Apathy
SUB-TOPIC 2: WHY LEADERS FAIL TO PROTECT THE INTEREST OF THE

FOLLOWERS
It has been discovered that more often than not, the leaders, having got into power, forget and
fail to protect the interest of their followers. Some of the factors for this are:
1. LACK OF CIVIC EDUCATION: Some leaders do not have broad outlook, they are
myopic in nature, therefore, ending up serving their selfish interest.
2. THE FEAR OF THE UNKNOWN: Because of political instability, leaders love to grab
and save for generation of their children.
3. PARTY INTEREST; Leaders consider the interest of their party more important than
the overall interest of the nation.
4. LOW PARTICIPATION IN POLITICS: Since citizens are not interested in electoral
process. Rooms have been given to corrupt leader, therefore, they pursue their selfish
interest.
5. RIGGING OF ELECTION: Election could be rigged to favour the government in
power. Since the voters’ power has been taken away through rigging of elections, leaders
can afford not to cater for their followers.
6. POLITICAL CORRUPTION: This is the unlawful use of official power. This is to
either enrich themselves or further champion their own cause.
EVALUATION
1. Explain 5 reasons why leaders fail to cater for their followers
SUB-TOPIC 3: WAYS OF DISCOURAGING POLITICAL APATHY

1. Defending fundamental rights of the citizens
2. Practicing independent and non partisan politics
3. Establishing a corrupt free electoral body
4. Fulfilling of campaign promises and manifesto by the leader
5. Sensitization of citizens on their political rights
GENERAL EVALUATION
1. List and explain five reasons for political apathy in Nigeria.
2. Discuss five reasons why leaders fail to protect the interest of the followers
3. Political apathy can be caused by lots of factors. List the factors.
4. State and explain five ways of discouraging political apathy
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. __________ is not among reasons for political apathy (a) free and fair election (b)
illiteracy (c) discrimination against women (d) political culture
2. The followings are some of the reasons why leaders fail to protect the interest of their
followers with the exception of ________ (a) selflessness (b) Selfishness(c) poverty
(d) political apathy
ESSAY
1. Mention and explain five reasons for political apathy in Nigeria.
2. Explain five reasons why leaders fail to protect the interest of the followers
READING ASSIGNMENT
Read Longman Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools 2 by R.W. Okunloye, et al.
(pages 19 – 20).
PRE –CLASS READING ASSIGNMENT
Read about how leaders can protect the interest of the followers
WEEKEND ACTIVITY
Explain how leaders can protect the interest of the followers.
REFERENCE TEXTS
1. Longman Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools 2 by R.W. Okunloye el at, pages
19 – 20.
2. Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools (An interactive Approach) Folashade O.O. el
at, pages 95 – 97.


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DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL

FIRST TERM: E-LEARNING NOTES

SUBJECT: CIVIC EDUCATION CLASS: SS2

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL 1

REVISION OF LAST TERM’S WORK

SUBJECT: CIVIC EDUCATION

TOPIC: IMPORTANCE OF CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION

CONTENT: 1. MEANING OF CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION

2. DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS OF CITIZEN TO THEIR

SUB-TOPIC 1: MEANING OF CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION.

Citizenship is the legal status of an individual in a state or country.

SUB – TOPIC 2: DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS OF CITIZENS TO THEIR

Duties are activities a person is expected to do as a result of societal, social or family

vii. Attendance of NYSC (Nigerian Youths Serving our country.)

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL 3

1. List and explain five duties and obligation a citizen.

1. Define citizenship education

3. Mention the duties and obligations of citizens to their communities.

4. Explain five duties and obligation a citizen

1. The relationship between a state and her citizens is one of ________

a. Reciprocity b. Master –slate relation c. Leader led relation

d. the mighty and weakling relation

2. The process of teaching and learning ones responsibility to a state is.............

a. Citizenship b. Citizenship education c. Citizenship evaluation.

3. The following except _______________ are objectives of citizenship education.

a. To teach people how to be responsible citizens.

b. To teach people how to develop sound moral values.

c. to make people to be nationally conscious.

d. To teach people how to suppress their fellow human being.

4. The first duty of a good citizen is to ______

a. support military intelligence of his state.

b. Pay his taxes and rates periodically.

c. To maintain a good relationship with his social system for survival.

d. To help formulate good laws for the state.

5. A member of a particular state is called __________?

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL 4

a. an alien b. a citizen c. An ambassador d. a citizenship

1. Explain the meaning of citizenship education.

2. Mention the duties and obligations of citizens to their communities.

PRE – READING ASSIGNMENT

3. National standard civic Education for Secondary Schools by Folami Oluwatoyin.

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL 5

SUBJECT: CIVIC EDUCATION

TOPIC: IMPORTANCE OF CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION

CONTENT: 1. SKILLS NECESSARY FOR PRESERVATION OF OUR

To preserve or protect our traditions, customs and belief in Nigeria;

b. Wearing of cultural dresses.

c. Organizing cultural festivals funded by the government.

g. Keeping of records of activities safe to create permanent records of events. It could be in

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL 6

1. The embodiments of traditions, customs and beliefs is known as _______

2. One major way we can preserve our culture is through ___________

(a) Local building construction (b) Listening to the mass media

(c) Talking proverbially (d) Learning documentary art.

3. National unity can be promoted in Nigeria in the following ways except

(a) tolerance (b) Hospitality (c) Inter-marriage

(a) Language (b) Dressing (c) Food

5. These are features of culture except ______ (a) Tradition

DEEPER LIFE HIGH SCHOOL 7

(b) Custom (c) belief (d) Bank

Read How to promote National Consciousness.

Explain what you understand by National consciousness

1. Kaysho Comprehensive Civic Education for Senior Secondary Schools by Adeniyi