Harmonics - Carrier - Part-2 - Feb 3, 2019

Harmonics (part-2)
Web Session With Carrier API Team

Date: February 4, 2020
0.5
-0.5
-1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0.5
-0.5
-1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1│
Property of Danfoss
Harmonics
Part-1
▪ Basics of Harmonics
▪ Harmonics Indices
▪ Limiting Harmonics and IEEE519-2014
▪ Overview of Harmonic Solutions
▪ Practical Recommendations
Part-2
▪ Insights into the Harmonic Solutions
▪ Performance Assessment of Harmonic Solutions
▪ Harmonic Calculation & IEEE519 Compliance Tool
▪ Case Study - Harmonic Solutions Assessment
▪ Practical Recommendations for Managing Harmonics
2│
Property of Danfoss
Types of Harmonic Solutions
Integrated Solutions
(Point of Load Compensation)
(Individual compensation)
▪ Passive filter
▪ Active filter
▪ 12 Pulse VFD
External Standalone Solution ▪ Active Front End
(Point of Load Compensation)
(Individual Compensation)
▪ Passive filter
▪ Active filter
External Standalone Solution

(Point of Coupling Compensation)
(Group Compensation)
▪ Active filter
Depending on the installation needs, ANY of the above could be the best choice
3│
Property of Danfoss
Danfoss Harmonic Solutions
AHF
Advanced passive filter 5% & 10%
4│
Property of Danfoss
Point-of-Load Compensation
Danfoss Low Harmonic Drives combine the simplicity
LHD-A/P and the robustness of 6-pulse drives, as well as the top
Danfoss performance of Active/Passive Filters in one enclosure.
integrated solution
The Danfoss LHD’s have been designed for:
◼ Best mitigation performance also at pre-distorted
voltages
◼ Systems where efficiency is in focus
◼ Drives with high load dynamic
◼ Critical process application
Best Good
<3%
◼ Easy to install ◼ Power range
Total harmonic ◼ Compact
distortion, even ◼ High efficiency and sleep ◼ Enclosure types
up to 9kHz mode
◼ Best mitigation
Real LHD ◼ Failure robust
◼ Low harmonics > 2kHz
LHD drives current waveform
VLT Enclosed LHD-P with a passive harmonics filter

VLT LHD-A with an active harmonics filter
5│
Property of Danfoss
VLT LHD-P, Enclosed Drives with Power Options
VLT Enclosed LHD-P with a passive harmonics filter as an input option ensures
THDi9kHz<3% and it is the best choice, when switching frequencies above 2kHz in
the power supply network is a concern
PLC or Individual Compensation
Available for T5/T7 voltages
VLT® HVAC Drive FC 102
VLT® Refrigeration Drive FC 103
Power range
90 kW to 500 kW (380-500 V)
90 kW to 710 kW (525-690 V)
Back-channel cooling (> 80% of heat

dissipation to ambient)
IP21/54 rated for both drive and mains
filter cabinets, ensures small overall size
<3% PLV302P7I315C1BMA1XX1XAWL54D3XXXXXD2XXXX
Total harmonic Selectable input/output power filters ensure highest

distortion, even quality of the voltage on motor terminals, as well as the lowest
up to 9kHz
harmonics content of the mains currents - TDD<3% even up
Real LHD to 9kHz (full compliance with IEC 61000-2-4 requirements).
6│
Property of Danfoss
VLT LHD-A, Stand-Alone Drives
VLT® LHD stand-alone drives have been designed to
meet IEEE 519 requirements for harmonics in
PLC or Individual
applications with drives.
Compensation
They combine the simplicity of the standard drive,
the performance of an Active Filter and the
robustness of 6-pulse drives in one enclosure.
Voltage range: 400V
Power Range Product Range

132 – 630kW (HO) FC-102 VLTR HVAC Drive
160 – 710kW (NO) FC-202 VLTR AQUA Drive
FC-302 VLTR AutomationDrive
<5% Enclosure degrees

IP 21/NEMA Type 1
Total harmonic IP 54/NEMA Type 12
distortion
The IEEE 519
compliance
Some selectable mains options
are available, no output options
7│
Property of Danfoss
12-pulse
Danfoss High power 12-pulse drives
integrated solution requires an external phase-shift transformer.
Technology is best for:

◼ Step down or an isolation transformer is needed
◼ Low voltage pre-distortions <5%
◼ Drives packages >300 A
~12%
Best Good
◼ Robust and Simple ◼ Requires separate

Total harmonic ◼ Low Cost at high power transformer
distortion ◼ High Efficiency ◼ Load dependent
◼ Low harmonics > 2kHz performance
◼ Grid dependent
performance
12-pulse drive current waveform
Power Range Harmonic mitigation performance:

250 kW – 1.4 MW (FC 302) 12% THD
315 kW - 1.4 MW (FC 102/FC 202)
True Power Factor:
Voltage Range >0.98
380 – 690 VAC 50-60 Hz
Displacement Factor:
Enclosure >0.98
IP 21/NEMA Type 1
IP 54/NEMA Type 12
8│
Property of Danfoss
AFE
Active Front End drives are regenerative units.
Danfoss
VACON® NXP can be configured for AFE and LHD
integrated solution
applications
Technology is best for:

◼ Regenerative braking applications
◼ Compact installations
◼ Systems with high load dynamics
<5%
Best Good
◼ Easy to specify ◼ Harmonics > 2kHz

◼ Easy to install ◼ Efficiency levels
Total harmonic ◼ Power System ◼ Increases bearing stress
distortion Sensitivity ◼ Leakage currents
◼ Compact and light
AFE drive current waveform
Power Range Features

▪ 3 x 380-500 V...132-1500 kW ▪ Total power factor correction
▪ 3 x 525-690 V...110-2000 Kw ▪ No need for special 12-pulse transformers
▪ Well-suited for retrofit projects
Features ▪ Increased flexibility with a wide range of standard
▪ Clean power with total current harmonics THDi < 5 % options
▪ Over-dimensioning of power transformer or input ▪ Can be tailored to fit specific problems e.g.
cables is not required compensating different harmonics, many options
▪ Regenerative function available in the application
▪ Reduces system complexity
9│
Property of Danfoss
AHF
Danfoss ▪ Advanced Harmonic Filter (Passive)
Standalone solution AHF005 or AHF010
▪ Standalone harmonic mitigation option.
▪ Deliver Optimised harmonic
performance for drives rated up to 250
kW.
▪ AHF 005 or AHF 010 is connected to the
input of a Danfoss drive.
▪ AHF005 delivers “Total Harmonic
Current Distortion” (THiD) of less than
5% at full load.
▪ AHF010 delivers THiD of less than 10%
at full load.
▪ Compact housing that easily
integrates into existing panel space.
▪ Well-suited for retrofit applications.
▪ Efficiency > 98%
▪ Enclosures: IP20 / 21
Filter current
▪ 10 A-480 A (380-415 V AC, 50 and 60 Hz)
▪ 10 A-436 A (440-480 V AC, 60 Hz)
▪ 15 A-395 A, (600 V AC, 60 Hz)
▪ 15 A-395 A (500-690 V AC, 50 Hz)
▪ Modules can be paralleled for higher power
10 │
Property of Danfoss
PCC Compensation
AAF Danfoss Advanced Active Filters are perfect for harmonics
Danfoss compensation at locations where multiple drives are
connected.
standalone solution
Active Filters are best for:
◼ Compensation of multi-drives installations
◼ Retrofitting
◼ Where mounting flexibility is required
◼ Applications typically running at partial load
Best Good
<5% ◼ Retrofit solution. ◼ HF harmonics > 2kHz
Total harmonic ◼ Sizable to meet a demand ◼ Less robust than passive
distortion and for harmonics (incl. filters
IEEE519) ◼ Requires external CTs
ability to scale
◼ Trip/failure robust
◼ High system efficiency
◼ Compact solution
Drive-Filter current waveform
▪ Advanced Active Filter AAF006

▪ Advanced Active Filters Enclosed AAF007
11 │
Property of Danfoss
Advanced Active Filter AAF006
VLT® Advanced Active Filters have been
designed to meet IEEE 519 requirements for PCC or Group Compensation
harmonics in applications with drives. Solution
They can be used as a compact stand-alone
solution at a common point of coupling,
compensating for several consumers
simultaneously.
Voltage range
380 – 480V AC 50 – 60 Hz
Current range
190A, 250A, 310A, and 400A.
Up to 4 units can be paralleled
for higher power in master/slave mode.
<5%
Total harmonic Enclosure degrees
distortion
The IEEE 519 IP 21/NEMA Type 1
compliance IP 54/NEMA Type 12
12 │
Property of Danfoss
Advanced Active Filters Enclosed AAF007
PCC or Group
VLT® Advanced Active Filters AAF007 enclosed have
Compensation Solution
been designed to meet IEEE 519 requirements for
harmonics in applications with Danfoss drives. They are a
smart choice for new and retrofit installations with drives:
Current ratings: Protection ratings:

400V: 115A, 215A, and 320A IP21 (Type 1)
690V: 60A, 110A, and 160A IP54 (Type 12)
Integrated selectable input options ensure highest

requirements for flexibility, as well as, the lowest harmonics
content of the mains currents with drives - THDi<5%.
In installations with drives, PLV007 AAF’s

<5% confirm the IEC 61000-2-4 compliance
Total harmonic in the frequency range up to 9kHz.
distortion
The IEEE 519 Connection in parallel (infinite number of unit can be connected)
compliance
ensures mitigation harmonics and reactive currents in drives
installations with unlimited power ratings.
13 │
Property of Danfoss
Main Values of AAF for the customer
Harmonics content of the mains currents - TDD<5%

Also at pre-distorted with harmonics power supply networks even up
to 9kHz (full compliance with IEC 61000-2-4 requirements).
High efficiency harmonic solution

Advanced active filters ensure low addition losses of the solution in
installation with drives. The addition losses of the harmonic solution
equals ≈1% - lower compare to the solution based AFE technique.
Control panel and Web User Interface

It allows simple configuration, diagnostics, monitoring and start and
stop the system. The Web User Interface ensures compatibility for
most standard web browsers.
14 │
Property of Danfoss
Harmonics
Part-1
Part-2
15 │
Property of Danfoss
Harmonics Solutions Summary
Product PLC PCC Comments
▪ Drive with an integrated Passive Filters

LHD–Passive* √ X ▪ Simplicity, and cost effective
▪ No high frequency-harmonics in the grid
▪ Drive with an integrated active filter

LHD–Active* √ X ▪ Simplicity.
Passive Filters √ X ▪ Standalone passive filters for individual drives

▪ No high frequency-harmonics in the grid
▪ Standalone active filters for group of drives.

▪ Ability for costs optimizations,
Active Filters √ √ ▪ Ensure 40-60% lower space and highest
operation safety
▪ Regeneration + Low Harmonics

▪ Efficiency issues
AFE √ X ▪ High order harmonic issues.
▪ Leakage currents and bearings stress.
▪ Traditional, and cost effective

12-Pulse* √ X ▪ No HF-Harmonics in the grid
▪ Sensitive to pre-distortion
Notes:
* only for high power ~ 100 kW onwards
PLC … Point-of-Load Compensation
PCC … Point of Common Coupling
16 │
Property of Danfoss
Harmonics Solutions – Price Vs Performance
17 │
Property of Danfoss
Which Solution is the best one for your
Application?
Harmonics Solutions
LHD-P LHD-A AAF AFE 12-pulse
Full Load Performance (IEEE519) ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●
Partial Load Performance (TDD) ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●
System Efficiency ●●● ●● ●●● ● ●●●
Serviceability ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●
HF-Harmonics in the Grid (>2kHz) ●●● ●● ●● ● ●●●
Motor friendliness ●●● ●●● ●●● ●● ●●●
Power System Sensitivity 1)

●● ●●● ●● ●● ●●
Overall Size ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●
Total Ownership Costs ●●● ●● ●●● ● ●●●
System Reliability 2)
●●● ●●● ●●● ●● ●●●
●●● - best, ●● - good, ● - poor;

LHD-A and LHD-P – low harmonics drives with an integrated Active/Passive filter
1) Mains voltage quality is worse, as appropriate IEC standards require
2) Compare to 6-pulse drives with a diode front end
18 │
Property of Danfoss
Harmonics
Part-1
Part-2
19 │
Property of Danfoss
MCT31 - Harmonic Calculation Software
https://www.danfoss.com/en-in/service-and-support/downloads/dds/vlt-motion-control-tool-mct-31/#tab-overview
20 │
Property of Danfoss
MCT31 Harmonic Calculation Software
Transformer data: 1250kVA

Impedance: 5.5%
Power Supply Data: 400V, 50Hz
21 │
Property of Danfoss
Harmonic Assessment for Plant Room Eqpmnt.
Situation-1: Standard Danfoss Drives with built-in filters
VFD Data: External Harmonic Filtering:

Series:? (FC102 / FC202 / FC302 / …….) (Individual Compensation)
Drive Type:? (Standard / 12 Pulse / LHD) None / AHF010 / AHF005 /
Maximum demand load:? 3% AC Filters / 4% AC Filters /
Qty:? 5% AC Filters / 6% AC Filters /
22 │
Property of Danfoss
External Active Filter Data (Group Compensation):

Type: AAF………
Amps: ? (190 / 250 / 310 / 400 )
Qty:?
Mode: ? (Overall compensation / Selective compensation )
23 │
Property of Danfoss
Non-Danfoss Drive Data:

Shaft Power?
DC Link Inductance: ? ( 2% / 3% / 4% / 5% /........)
Drive Efficiency: ?
Qty.: ?
Harmonic Filtering:? ( 12 Pulse / 18Pulse / 2% AC Coil / 3% AC Coil / 4% AC Coil ?.........)
24 │
Property of Danfoss
Motors (w/o VFDs) & Linear Load Data:

Total kW?
Cosine Phi?
25 │
Property of Danfoss
Cable Data (Transformer to Bus Bar):

Length?
Wire size?
Material?
Total numbers of conductors per phase?
26 │
Property of Danfoss
Cable Data (Bus Bar to Drives):

Length?
Wire size?
Material?
Total numbers of conductors per phase?
27 │
Property of Danfoss
Non-compliance to IEEE519-2014
28 │
Property of Danfoss
Situation-2: Standard Danfoss Drives with advanced
external harmonic filtering (<10% THID)

Series: FC102, FC102, FC102 (Individual Compensation)
Drive Type: Standard 2 x AHF010 (passive filter – 10% THID)
Maximum demand load:90%, 90%, 90% for 160kW VFDs
Qty:2, 4, 2
29 │
Property of Danfoss
Situation-2: Standard Danfoss Drives with advanced
external harmonic filtering (<10% THID)
Compliance to IEEE519-2014
30 │
Property of Danfoss
Situation-3: Standard Danfoss Drives with Advanced
External Group Compensation (<5% THID)

Series: FC102, FC102, FC102 (Individual Compensation)
Drive Type: Standard None, None, None
Maximum demand load:90%, 90%, 90%
Qty:2, 4, 2
31 │
Property of Danfoss
External Active Filter Data (Group Compensation):

Type: AAF 190A
Amps: 190
Qty:1
Mode: Overall compensation
32 │
Property of Danfoss
Compliance to IEEE519-2014
33 │
Property of Danfoss
34 │
Property of Danfoss
Harmonics
Part-1
Part-2
35 │
Property of Danfoss
Case Study: HVAC Application
THDv (IEC-61xxx) versus TDD (IEEE-519)
Appling the IEEE-519-2014 for harmonics calculations

ensure THDv <3% with Danfoss drives at the PCC.
36 │
Property of Danfoss
Application 6-Pulse drives with basic harmonic filters (DC or AC Chokes)
Motor Shaft Power [kW] Total Values
4 5,5 7,5 11 15 18,5 30 45 75 400

No. of fans (variable torque) 6 3 6 10 18 2 7
No. of pumps (variable torque) 3 4 2 2 4 6 1 4 4
Number of chillers (Constant
torque)
4
Total No. of drives 9 7 8 12 22 8 8 4 4 4 86
THDi 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 35% 35%
Mains Voltage [V] 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400
Total efficiency, inverter+ motor 0,85 0,85 0,85 0,85 0,85 0,85 0,87 0,87 0,88 0,9
Drive fund. Mains current [A] 6,8 9,3 12,7 18,7 25,5 31,4 49,8 74,7 123,0 641,5
Total drive fund. Mains current
[A]
61,1 65,4 101,9 224,1 560,4 251,3 398,2 298,6 492,1 2566,0 5019,1
Drive harmonics current [A] 2,9 3,9 5,3 7,8 10,7 13,2 20,9 31,4 43,1 224,5
Total drive harmonics
current[A]
12,8 13,7 21,4 42,4 105,9 52,8 83,6 81,5 111,9 583,8 887,9
Linear Loads current [%] 10%

Demand Load Current [A] 5591,9
Drive Losses 2,0% 2,0% 2,0% 2,0% 2,0% 2,0% 2,0% 2,0% 2,0% 2,0%
Costs of Losses for 10 years
(80%, 24h, 0.1EUR/kWh) 6.530 € 6.983 € 10.883 € 23.943 € 59.857 € 26.845 € 42.531 € 31.898 € 52.560 € 274.091 € 536.120 €
TDD Drive Groups 0,2% 0,2% 0,4% 0,8% 1,9% 0,9% 1,5% 1,5% 2,0% 10,4% 15,9%
* Costs of losses calculation: Utilization – 80% /24Hours; Electricity costs - 0.1EUR/kWh; Runtime – 10 years. Losses of harmonics in
transformer are also included.
The expected TDD=15.9%. → Applicable only at networks with Isc/IL>1000*

* Practically, it is not realistic → Harmonics Solution is required.
37 │
Property of Danfoss
Evaluation:
Two drive groups – 4x400kW and

4x75kW, show highest TDD values.
Possible Solutions
4x400kW drives are LHD’s /AFE’s/AAF’s*
4x400kW + 4x75kW drives are LHD’s /AFE’s/AAF’s*
* Appling LHD’s or AAF’s ensures lowest losses of the drive

installation (losses ~3,5%).
38 │
Property of Danfoss
Application with 6-Pulse and 4x400kW + 4x75kW AFE’s
4 5,5 7,5 11 15 18,5 30 45 75 400

torque)
4

THDi 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 5% 5%
Mains Voltage [V] 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400
[A]
61,1 65,4 101,9 224,1 560,4 251,3 398,2 298,6 492,1 2566,0 5019,1
current[A]
12,8 13,7 21,4 42,4 105,9 52,8 83,6 81,5 16,0 83,4 410,8

Drive Losses 2,0% 2,0% 2,0% 2,0% 2,0% 2,0% 2,0% 2,0% 5,0% 5,0%
(80%, 24h, 0.1EUR/kWh) 6.530 € 6.983 € 10.883 € 23.943 € 59.857 € 26.845 € 42.531 € 31.898 € 131.400 € 685.227 € 1.026.096 €
TDD Drive Groups 0,2% 0,2% 0,4% 0,8% 1,9% 1,0% 1,5% 1,5% 0,3% 1,5% 7,4%
* Costs of losses calculation: Utilization – 80% /24Hours; Electricity costs - 0.1EUR/kWh; Runtime – 10 years, losses of
harmonics in transformer are included also. The 4x400kW and 4x75kW are LHD‘s, based on AFE; THDi=5%, Losses=5%
The expected TDD=7.4%. → Applicable at networks with Isc/IL= 20 and higher
39 │
Property of Danfoss
Application with 6-Pulse and 4x400kW AFE’s
4 5,5 7,5 11 15 18,5 30 45 75 400

torque)
4

THDi 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 42% 35% 5%
Mains Voltage [V] 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400
[A]
61,1 65,4 101,9 224,1 560,4 251,3 398,2 298,6 492,1 2566,0 5019,1
current[A]
12,8 13,7 21,4 42,4 105,9 52,8 83,6 81,5 111,9 83,4 487,6

Drive Losses 2,0% 2,0% 2,0% 2,0% 2,0% 2,0% 2,0% 2,0% 2,0% 5,0%
(80%, 24h, 0.1EUR/kWh) 6.530 € 6.983 € 10.883 € 23.943 € 59.857 € 26.845 € 42.531 € 31.898 € 52.560 € 685.227 € 947.256 €
TDD Drive Groups 0,2% 0,2% 0,4% 0,8% 1,9% 1,0% 1,5% 1,5% 2,0% 1,5% 8,8%
* Costs of losses calculation: Utilization – 80% /24Hours; Electricity costs - 0.1EUR/kWh; Runtime – 10 years, losses of
harmonics in transformer are included also. The 4x400kW drives are LHD‘s, based on AFE; THDi=5%, Losses=5%
The expected TDD=8.8%. → Applicable at networks with Isc/IL= 50 and higher
40 │
Property of Danfoss
Conclusions:
Expected Addition Costs

Expected
Solutions Costs of of Losses for ISC/IL
TDD
Losses* the Solution
6-pulse VLT 15,9% 536.120 € >1000
4x400kW drives are LHD-P‘s (Losses 3.5%) 8,8% 741.688 € 205.568 € 50 < 100
4x400kW + 4x75kW drives are LHD-P‘s 7,4% 781.108 € 244.988 € 20 < 50
4x400kW drives are AFE’s, (Losses 5%) 8,8% 947.256 € 411.136 € 50 < 100
4x400kW + 4x75kW drives are AFE’s 7,4% 1.026.096 € 489.976 € 20 < 50
All Drives AFE’s < 5% 1.218.456 € 682.336 € < 20
* Costs of losses calculation: Utilization – 80% /24Hours; Electricity costs - 0.1EUR/kWh; Runtime – 10 years,
losses of harmonics in transformer are included also.
6p-Drives and 4x400kW + 4x75kW LHD’s ensure acceptable TDD of 7,4% for practically
all networks (Isc/IL=20 and higher) and guarantee Savings of 682.336€ - 244.988€ =
437.348€ for electricity costs, compare to applying all drives with AFE based ULHD’s.
If the Isc/IL=50 and higher, addition Savings of 244.988 € -205.568 € = 39.420 € are possible.
41 │
Property of Danfoss
Active Front End and Harmonics
Low order
harmonics are
pushed into the
high order
spectrum
Power loss is the

highest.
Leakage current
and bearing stress
issues.
Good solution for

applications
IEEE-519 Limit requiring swift and
repeated
acceleration &
deceleration e.g.
elevators
Typical grid current spectrum for an Active Front End
42 │
Property of Danfoss
Practical Recommendations for Managing
Harmonics
❑ There are no regulations, which require THDi≤5% at
drive mains terminals.
❑ Apply IEEE-519 recommended limits at the PCC only

and not to individual pieces of equipment.
❑ Remember, any active front ends contribute in HF-

harmonics in networks, have high losses and high
leakage currents and create bearings stress.
❑ Make assessments about the type of solution that could
meet the harmonic recommendations at the PCC.
Consider using MCT31 harmonics tool.
❑ Focus on Total Cost of Ownership vs Performance

Balance.
❑ Do not use harmonics mitigation equipment, if it is not

needed.
43 │
Property of Danfoss
Questions ?
44 │
Property of Danfoss

Harmonics - Carrier - Part-2 - Feb 3, 2019

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Harmonics - Carrier - Part-2 - Feb 3, 2019

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Harmonics (part-2)

Web Session With Carrier API Team

External Standalone Solution

Advanced passive filter 5% & 10%

VLT Enclosed LHD-P with a passive harmonics filter

Back-channel cooling (> 80% of heat

Total harmonic Selectable input/output power filters ensure highest

Voltage range: 400V

Power Range Product Range

<5% Enclosure degrees

Technology is best for:

◼ Robust and Simple ◼ Requires separate

Power Range Harmonic mitigation performance:

Technology is best for:

◼ Easy to specify ◼ Harmonics > 2kHz

AFE drive current waveform

Power Range Features

▪ Advanced Active Filter AAF006

Current ratings: Protection ratings:

Integrated selectable input options ensure highest

In installations with drives, PLV007 AAF’s

Harmonics content of the mains currents - TDD<5%

High efficiency harmonic solution

Control panel and Web User Interface

▪ Drive with an integrated Passive Filters

▪ Drive with an integrated active filter

Passive Filters √ X ▪ Standalone passive filters for individual drives

▪ Standalone active filters for group of drives.

▪ Regeneration + Low Harmonics

▪ Traditional, and cost effective

Partial Load Performance (TDD) ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●

System Efficiency ●●● ●● ●●● ● ●●●

Serviceability ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●

HF-Harmonics in the Grid (>2kHz) ●●● ●● ●● ● ●●●

Motor friendliness ●●● ●●● ●●● ●● ●●●

Power System Sensitivity 1)

Overall Size ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●

Total Ownership Costs ●●● ●● ●●● ● ●●●

●●● - best, ●● - good, ● - poor;

Transformer data: 1250kVA

Power Supply Data: 400V, 50Hz

VFD Data: External Harmonic Filtering:

External Active Filter Data (Group Compensation):

Non-Danfoss Drive Data:

Motors (w/o VFDs) & Linear Load Data:

Cable Data (Transformer to Bus Bar):

Cable Data (Bus Bar to Drives):

VFD Data: External Harmonic Filtering:

VFD Data: External Harmonic Filtering:

External Active Filter Data (Group Compensation):

Appling the IEEE-519-2014 for harmonics calculations

Motor Shaft Power [kW] Total Values

4 5,5 7,5 11 15 18,5 30 45 75 400

Linear Loads current [%] 10%

The expected TDD=15.9%. → Applicable only at networks with Isc/IL>1000*

Two drive groups – 4x400kW and

4x400kW drives are LHD’s /AFE’s/AAF’s*

4x400kW + 4x75kW drives are LHD’s /AFE’s/AAF’s*

* Appling LHD’s or AAF’s ensures lowest losses of the drive

4 5,5 7,5 11 15 18,5 30 45 75 400

Total No. of drives 9 7 8 12 22 8 8 4 4 4 86

Linear Loads current [%] 10%

The expected TDD=7.4%. → Applicable at networks with Isc/IL= 20 and higher