A MICRO PROJECT REPORT ON

”Astable Multivibrator using IC 555”

SUBMITTED TO

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,

MUMBAI.

BY STUDENT OF SECOND YEAR DIPLOMA IN ELECTRONICS AND

TELECOMMUNICATION ENGG.

1. MR. BHAGDE VINOD (Roll No.39)

2. MR.RAMDASI ATHARV (Roll No.38)
3. MR.THORAT MAHESH (Roll No.49)
4. MR.PAWASE SUMIT (Roll No.48)

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF

R.M Adhav sir
LECTURER IN ELECTRONICS &TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, AHMEDNAGAR
 2018-2019

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that, the project report entitled

”Astable Multivibrator using IC 555”

Has been successfully completed by,

1. MR. BHAGDE VINOD (Roll No.39)

2. MR.RAMDASI ATHARV (Roll No.38)
3. MR.THORAT MAHESH (Roll No.49)
4. MR.PAWASE SUMIT (Roll No.48)

During third Semester of Diploma Program in Electronics

And Telecommunication Engineering , Institute of Government
Polytechnic , Ahmednagar (Code: 0130) has completed the Micro
project satisfactorily in course of Linear Integreator Circuit, course
code for the academic year 2018 – 2019 as prescribed in the
curriculum.

(PROJECT GUIDE) (HOD) (PRINCIPAL)

R.M Adhav sir Dr.V.H.Mankar Prof.M.S.Satarkar
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A project report plays an important & vital role as the practical

part in our curriculum . A simple word of THANKS is not enough to
express our deep gratitude & appreciation for the valuable guidance
& technical support . We whole -heartedly thank the people who
helped us in making this project GREAT SUCCESS. We would like to
sincerely thank to our guide R.M Adhav sir lecturer in Electronics &
Telecommunication Engg. Department whose valuable guidance has
been the ones that helped me patch this project and make it full
proof success her suggestions and her instructions has served as the
major contributor towards the completion of the project

We would like to sincerely thank to our HOD Dr V.H. Mankar

sir for his valuable guidance and support and We would like to
sincerely thank to our principal , Prof. M.S. Satarkar sir for his
valuable guidance and support , for helping us & making this micro
project successful

Then I would like to thank my parents and friends who have

helped me with their valuable suggestions and guidance has been
helpful in various phases of the completion of the project.
 INDEX

SR.NO.
TOPIC
PART I- BRIEF INTRODUCTION
1.

2. PARTII-CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3. PART III -WORKING

4. PART IV –ACTUAL RESOURCES USED

PART V –APPLICATION
5.

PART VI –ADVANTAGES
6.

7. PART VII –DISADVANTAGES

 PART I- BRIEF INTRODUCTION

A multivibrator is a one type of , that is used to

implement a two state system like flip-flops, timers
and oscillators. Multivibrators are categorized by
two amplifying devices like electron tubes,
transistors and other devices like capacitors and
cross coupled by resistors. Multivibrators are
classified into three types based on the circuit
operation, namely Astable multivibrators, Bistable
multivibrators and . The astable multivibrator is not
stable and it repeatedly switches from one state to
the other. In monostable multivibrator, one state is
stable and remaining state is unstable. A trigger
pulse is the root to the circuit to enter the unstable
state. When the circuit enters into the unstable
state, then it will return to the normal state after a
fixed time. A bistable mutivibrator circuit is stable
that can be changed from one stable to other
stable by an external trigger pulse. This
multivibrator circuit is also called as flip-flop which
can be used to store one bit of data.This type of
multivibrator includes two amplifying stages that
are connected with a two capacitive-resistive
coupling networks in a positive feedback. The ,
JFETs, Op-Amps, vacuum tubes, etc. The
astable using BJTs is drawn in the form of cross
coupled pair. The o/p terminals of the multivibrator
can be defined as the active devices, that will have
opposite states; one will have low voltage whereas
the other has high voltage.

PARTII-CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 PARTIII-WORKING

This type of multivibrator includes two amplifying stages

that are connected with a two capacitive-resistive

coupling networks in a positive feedback. The , JFETs,

Op-Amps, vacuum tubes, etc. The astable using BJTs is

drawn in the form of cross coupled pair. The o/p

terminals of the multivibrator can be defined as the

active devices, that will have opposite states; one will

have low voltage whereas the other has high voltage.

The designing and working of astable multivibrator using

a 555 timer IC is done by using ransistors and .

The affords exact time delay from ms to hours. The

oscillation frequency can be measured manually by

small modification. 555 timer IC is a relatively cheap,

stable and user-friendly integrated circuit and that is apt

for circuit designers with for both astable and

monostable applications. The first 555 was designed in

the year 1971 by the corporation of Signetics as the

SE555 or NE555. Astable multivibrator using 555 IC is

a that generates continuous pulses. The frequency of

the circuit can be controlled by shifting the values of

resistors R1, R2 ad capacitor C1.

PART IV ACTUAL RESOURCES USED

S. No. Name of Specifications Qty

Resource/material .
DC POWER
SUPPLY 0-30v,2AMP 1
1.
2. RESISTOR
15,12,10 KOHMS
3
3. CRO
20/30/100MHZ 1
4. IC 555
8 PIN 1
5. Analog IC tester
SIUTABLE TO TEST 1

6. CONNECTING -
WIRE AS REQUIRE
 PART V APPLICATIONS
 The designing steps of the astable multivibrator
are given below.
 The are NE 555 or SE 555, Resistors (1MΩx2,
1KΩ), Capacitors (0.01Fµ, 1Fµ) and LED
 The capacitor in the above circuit charges
through the two resistors R1 and R2 and there
charging time can be calculated as Tcharges=
0.69 (R1+R2) C1. During this charging time the
o/p is high that is 1.38Sec
 The capacitor discharges through the resistor R2
then the discharging time can be Tdischarge=
0.69 R2C1. During this discharging time the o/p
is low, that is 0.69 Sec.
 The total time period is T= Tcharges+ Tdischarge
=> 1.38+ 0.69= 2.07Sec
 The oscillation frequency is 0.483Hz.
 The duty cycle can be calculated in the following
manner.
 Duty cycle= Ton /Ton + Toff => 1.38/2.07= 66%
 PART VI ADVANTAGES
1. They work consistently and are not influenced by
anyoutside forces or events.
2. They are inexpensive.
3. They are simple in design.
4. They can remain functional for an extraordinary
length of
time.

PART VII DISADVANTAGES

1. There is resistance within the circuit.
2. Absence of acompletely closed loop at the output
terminals.
3. One capacitor or transistor has a tendency to absorb
energy at a slightly different rate than the other.
4. Even though the amplifier restores the lost energy
when
it amplifies the signal, the signal is too small.
PART VII- SKILL DEVELOPED

Skills developed by this micro project are:

 Basic and practical knowledge gain

 Components identification and selection
 Circuit built on Breadboard
 Zero PCB Design include component
mounting on zero PCB
 Soldering skills
 debugging ,Testing & troubleshooting of
circuit
 Troubleshoot the circuit using debugging
tools such as multimeter,DC power
supply ,CRO ,Function Generator etc.
 While handling instruments it improves
the knowledge and knows practical
safety about how to handle every
instrument carefully following safety
rules
PART VIII REFRENCES
1. www.electronicshub.org
2. www.electronics4u.com
3. www.elprocus.com
4. Electric circuits and networks Book
5. B.L.Thereja Book
6. V.K.Mehta Book