COURSE INFORMATION

1. Course Code CRIMSOC 3

2. Course Unit 3 units

3. Course Name/ Human behavior and Victimology

Title
4. Course This module is designed as a teaching tool for criminology students studying
Description
Human Behavior and Victimology. It introduces the lifespan approach to

human development, as well as the principles of human behavior, abnormal

behavior, sexual deviance, and crisis management, with a focus on hostage

taking situations, negotiation, and recovery. To satisfy the demands of the

CMO 5 series of 2018, victimization and victimology theories were introduced.

5. Time Frame 54 hours

Title: CONCEPTS, THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR

Topics:

 Definition of Human Development and Human Behavior;

 Theories of Human Development;
 Characteristics of Anti-social Personality; and
 Sexual Deviancy.

Time Frame: 13 Hours

Introduction:

The importance of human behavior is by knowing the root, origin and the theories, in able the student
to fully understand the course.

Intended Learning Outcome/ILO: In the course of the discussion, the students will be able to:

• Recognize and comprehend various perspectives about human development;

• Recognize how a person's ability to adapt to changes and his or her surroundings is influenced by
personality stages, from childhood to adulthood or old age; and
• Describe how these phases can influence a person's motivation and capacity to respond to a given
scenario.
PRE-TEST:

Instruction: On your own words define the following questions base on your own understanding:

1. Define what is Human Development?

2. Discuss the Freud’s Psychosexual Stages.
3.
PRE-LEARNING ACTIVITIES:

Activity 1: Read the common perspective in the study of human behavior.

Human Development- is a process in which a progressive series of changes occurs as a result of maturation and
experience.

Note: in your book read to page no. 2-3 and read the Significant Facts about Development (Gines & et.al., 1998)

Psychoanalytic theory- Psychoanalysis, a clinical approach to treating psychopathology, is guided by

psychoanalytic theory, a theory of personality organization and the dynamics of personality development.
Since Sigmund Freud's work in the late 19th century, psychoanalytic theory has undergone numerous
revisions.
Psychosocial Development Theory - According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, our
personalities evolve in stages, and at each stage, a psychosocial crisis plays out, with the conclusion
determining how our personalities develop going forward.

A developmental task - is one that develops at or around a certain stage in life and whose unsuccessful
completion prevents the performer from doing duties connected to the following stage or time.
Activity Number 2: Upon reading the theories explaining the human development how can you relate
this in your life and what stage do you belong? Explain.

Criteria for grading: Content/Ideas– 10

Organization/Expression- 5
Creativity of your output (Desgin)- 5
Total: 20 pts.

Intended Learning Outcome/ILO: In the course of the discussion, the students will be able to:

• Develop a deeper comprehension of how human behavior is defined from various viewpoints,
including the variables that influence changes in behavior;

• Develop a deeper comprehension of how events shape a person's personality through time and how
these experiences help a person achieve self-actualization;

• learn about the factors that influence human behavior, including its origins, conflicts, and
motivations; and

• List the theories that aim to explain how people behave.

PRE-TEST:

Instruction: On your own words define the following questions base on your own understanding:

4. Define what is Human Behavior?

5. What are the factors affect Human Behavior?

PRE-LEARNING ACTIVITIES:

Activity 1: Read the common perspective in the study of human behavior.

Human Behavior- refer to voluntary or involuntary attitude of a person, ideas of what is right and what is wrong.

COMMON PERSPECTIVE IN THE STUDY OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR

Neurological- brain & nervous system.

Behavioral- external activities that can be observed and measured.

 Cognitive- brain processes and transform in information in various ways.

Psychoanalytical- emphasizes unconscious motives stemming from repressed sexual & aggressive impulses in
childhood.

Humanistic- subjective experiences a strong motivation to achieve self-actualization.

FACTORS THAT AFFECT HUMAN BEHAVIOR

Heredity- determined by genes, segments of cells structures called CHROMOSOMES, parents pass on trait to
their offspring.

Environment- conditions that surrounds and influence an individual.

Learning behavior change as a result of experience or practice.

Needs theory- Abraham Maslow according to him human needs are arranged in a hierarchy

Abraham Maslow

Theory - the self-fulfillment

Peal experiences

Self- Actualization
- achievements
Esteem Needs

- affection and love from

Love and Belonging Needs friendship, intimacy

-Security, order and law

Safety Needs

-basic needs example, food,

Physiological Needs
drink

Psychodynamics- literally means “motivation to action defines human behavior in terms of the personality of
the inner self, the concept of subjective life and inner forces within which are called mental personality.

Sigmund Freud- developed the psychodynamic theory in the 20th century. The mind has three level: Id, Ego,
and Super ego.
CAUSES OF CONFLICTS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR

Physical Causes- refer to natural causes. Ex. Typhoon, and Earthquake

Social Conflicts- restrictions or rules in the home, school & and community.

Economic Conflicts- result from one’s inability to acquire material things. Ex, financial obligation.

TWO TYPES OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR

1. Inherited Behavior- Behavioral response

2. Learned Behavior- Cognitive adaptation

Stimulants of Human Behavior

Sensation- feelings or impressions of stimuli that may be delivered the following sources:
Perception- refers to one’s knowledge of various stimuli from the environment or external sources.

Awareness- psychological activity that occurs in accordance with the interpretation & experience of various
stimuli.

Abnormal Behavior- a kind of behavior that fails to meet the characteristic of a normal person includes
inabilities of the following areas:

Criminal Psychology- is the branch of knowledge that studies various aspects of criminal behavior. Refers to the
study of the mind and its workings in relation to crime.

TYPES OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR

1. Personality Disorder- a disorder originates during the early development proves, leads to maladaptive
behavior.
2. Neuroses- a behavioral disorders that are brought about by emotional tension resulting from conflicts.
3. Neurotics Individuals- compromise with reality by developing imaginary ailments, obsessions, phobias,
compulsion, depression or anxiety.
4. Anxiety Reactions- mainly manifested in consciously experienced feelings of anxiety and apprehension
which there are no specific base in actual life.
5. Hysteria- a type of anxiety reaction, the individual manifest one or more symptoms that are often
associated with organic diseases. Disabilities that may develop from this disorder include paralysis of
the limbs.

TYPES OF HYSTERIA

1. Amnesia- disorder wherein the individual cannot recall anything about the past in varying levels of
intensity.

 TYPES OF AMNESIA

ANTEROGRADE- Inability to retain information which has just been seen or read

RETROGRADE- inability to recall any event that took place during a certain period.

LOCALLIVE- inability to recall event and details that are related to a particular situation.

2. Fugue- a type of amnesia wherein one wanders away from his or her home or usual surrounding:
often, the person has no recollection as how he or she came to be there when awareness sets in.

Multiple Personality- a dramatic form of hysteria in which the patient develops two or more separated and very
distinct personalities.

3. Somnambulism- dreamlike state which the person walks about and carries a certain activities and
that he eventually face to remember when he wakes up.

PSYCHASTERIA- psychoneurotic condition that is accompanied by vast range of mental and emotional
symptoms that cannot be controlled. The person is fear- ridden by obsessions, compulsion or unreasonable
dread or phobia. Other symptoms are unreasonable elation, over inhibition or constant depression.

PHOBIA- refers to irrational or exaggerate fear of an object, person, act or situation.

Obsession- refers to an idea or series of ideas that recur very frequently that they interfere with the ability of
an individual to think and function normally.

COMPULSION- refers to an irresistible tendency to perform an act or ritual, which an individual feels compelled
to carry out although it is recognize as irrational: a person must perform an act and give in to the urge in order
to reduce the tension.

Traumatic Neurosis- these are manifested in situations, in which the individual fears for his or her safety.

Operational Fatigue- known as war neurosis, this is manifested in response to a battle environment.

PSYCHOSES- a serious mental illnesses that are characterized by unpredictable behavior. Psychotic person
have a largely unrealistic interpretation of the self and life around them. The person lost their ego over their
personality due to their in balance personality they don’t fit in the normal society.

CLASSIFICATION OF PSYCHOSIS

1. Organic/ Somatogenic- due to wide variety causes, however, damage or injury that the brain or
other parts of the central nervous system is always include.
2. Functional Psychoses- refers to the serious mental disorder involving the total personality with no
observable tissue damage. It was believed that is an result of years living under emotional stress.

FORMS OF FUNCTIONAL PSYCHOSES

1. SCHIZOPHRENIA- psychotic condition that is characterized by one’s withdrawal from reality, in

difference towards daily problems, the tendency to live in a world of fantasy. The word
schizophrenia comes from the greek words “schizo” (split) and phrain (mind): the disease was first
discovered in 1887 by doctor Emile Kraepelin, considered this disease as a discrete mental illness.
He also the first to classify the varied mental disorder into categories. Hence, Doctor Kraepelin
used the term “dementia praecon” in addition in 1911, the Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuter coined
the term schizophrenia to describe the condition of individuals who shows symptoms of the
disease. Bleckler was also the first to describe the symptoms as either “positive” or “negative”.

Dementia praecox- (meaning a premature dimension or pre conscious madness) disused psychiatric diagnosed
that originally designated a chronic, deteriorating psychotic disorder characterized by rapid cognitive
disintegration, usually beginning in the late teens or adulthood.

TYPES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

1. Simple schizophrenia- manifest in a gradual decline of interest and ambition. The person
withdraws from almost social contacts and becomes increasingly irritable and inattentive.
2. Hebephrenic schizophrenia- begins usually in early adolescents and develops gradually in time. The
person in prone to fits to laughter or childish giggling and grimacing for hours without apparent
reasons.
3. Catatonic Schizophrenia- This marked by cycles of psychomotor reactions in stupor (partial or
complete loss of consciousness) and excitement phases.
4. Paranoid Schizophrenia- marked by hallucinations and delusions that are illogical and loosely
organized as well as grandiose and/ or persecutory in nature.
5. Affective disorder- Affective reaction of manic- Depressive psychosis are often characterized by
periods of depression or elation or both. The symptoms will depend on each individual. It affects
one’s mood, also called mood disorders that can anywhere from mild to severe. It diagnosed by
psychiatrist or other trained mental health professional, usually through a psychiatric evaluation.
 Depression- often characterized by feelings of extremely hopelessness and sadness. This episodes
may last anywhere from several days or even weeks.

Bipolar Disorder- refers to state of the person experiences alternating periods of depression and
periods of mania, extremely positive and active.

Anxiety Disorders- a different type of anxiety disorder are all characterized by feeling of anxiety, fear,
and nervousness.

Paranoia- ananother type of psychotic reaction. The main symptoms of which is characterized by
suspicion.

TYPES OF PARANOIA

1. Persecutory Paranoia- refers to having delusions of persecutions. Person believes that some people
are plotting to harm him or her in some way.
2. Litigious Paranoia- also called as amorous paranoia, this refer to having delusion of both
persecution and grandeur; a person may go to lengths to bring alleged persecution to court.
3. Erotic Paranoia- also called as amorous paranoia, this refers to having delusion that a certain
person is in love with him or her.
4. Exalted Paranoia- having grandiose delusions and believes himself or herself as someone with a
great power or importance, usually a social reformer or religious crusader.
5. Jealous Paranoia- the state of having extreme and irrational jealousy.

D. Anti-social Personality- a person with anti-social personality is a mental disturb person who is
opp0sed to the normal principle upon which is a society is based

CHARACTERICTICS OF ANTI-SOCIAL PERSONALITY

1. Sociopath- a person who dislikes any sense of social or moral responsibilities due to mental illness.
2. Psychopath- refers to a person with a personality disorder that is characterized by anti-social
behavior, abnormal changes in mood or activity. A psychopath is a classic manipulator or con
artist.

Dealing with Different Abnormal and Deviant Behaviors

Abnormal Proper Handling and Hints

Behavior
1. Anxiety Reassurance
2. Depressed Put yourself in the shoes of the sufferer: be on the
alert for possible suicide
3. Obsessive compulsive Understand that the sufferer is disturbed and not
crazy; refer to the appropriate facility
4. Phobia Supportive Intervention
5. Psychoses Display of guns, force, and restrains should be
avoided unless there is a manifestation of danger to
one’s life; send the patient to a hospital. If he/ she
desists, be firm.
6. Psychopathy 1. Review arrest records.
2. Recognize con man/ woman’s manipulative
conversation
 3. Don’t bluff; he/she is a master of this and
certainly better than anybody
4. Interview him/her after knowing every
detail of a case.
5. A psychopath can beat lie detectors; he/she
is immune to anxiety unless placed under
stress
6. Be firm and clear
7. A psychopath may be charming but can also
become very angry and may manipulate
others, thus violating their rights.
7. Drug Dependent Behavior 1. Be patient, but firm- the person is not
himself
2. Keep him/her talking to relieve the stress;
3. Refer him/her to the appropriate hospital,
medical facility or medical institution.
8. Paranoid Behavior 1. Be understanding; never give the
impression that he/she is crazy.
2. Friendliness and neutrality is usually the
best approach.
3. Do not heighten the patient’s anxieties; do
not provoke him/her, or ignite violent
reactions.
4. Assure the paranoid patient that your
presence is to help and protect him/her.
5. Do not frighten a paranoid patient with
weapon; he/she may panic and react
violently. However, do not let your guards
down. Remember, a paranoid patient may
be suicide and/or homicidal.

Sexual Deviancy

1. Sexuality- the behavior associated with the relation between sexes and their respective
reproductive organs.
2. Normal Sexuality- sexual completion that leads to a mature and well-adjusted individual, capable
of entering a relationships with a member of the opposite sex, who physically and mentally stable
and satisfying heterosexual needs.
3. Abnormal Sexuality/Sexual Deviancy- a kind of sexual behavior that’s seeks stimulation and
qualification by means other than normal, heterosexual norms.

As to Instinctual Sexual Urge

TYPES CHARACTERISTICS
1. Satyriasis Excessive sexual desire of men to perform
sexual intercourse
2. Nymphomania Strong sexual feeling of a woman
3. Sexual Anesthesia Absence of sexual desire or arousal during
sexual act in women
4. Dyspareunia Painful sexual act in women
5. Vaginisimus Painful spasm of the vagina during sexual act
 4. Add to the mode of sexual expression or way of sexual satisfaction

TYPES CHARACTERICTICS
1. Oralism (irromation) The used of the mouth as a way of sexual
gratification, such as fellatio, cunnilingus , and
anilingus
2. Sado-masochism (algolagnia) Pain or cruel act as a factor for gratification, such
as sadism and macoshism.
3. Fetishism A form of sexual perversion, in which the real or
fantasize presence of an object or bodily part is
necessary for sexual stimulation or gratification.
Example anatomic, clothing, necrophilia, and
odor, etc.

4. As to the parts of the body

TYPES CHARACTERISTICS
1. Sodomy Sexual act through the anus of another human being
2. Uranism An act in which sexual gratification is attained by
fingering, fondling the breast, licking parts of the
body
3. frottage A form of sexual gratification that is characterized by
the compulsive desire of a person to rub his sexual
organ against the body parts of another person
4. pantialism A form of sexual deviation, in which a person has a
special affinity to certain parts of the body to the
female part of the body.

5. As to visual stimulus

TYPES CHARACTERISTICS
1. Voyeurism A form of sexual perversion that is characterized by
a compulsion to covertly look at a person undressed
or perform other activity.
2. Mixoscopia (scoptophilia) Sexual perversion wearing sexual pleasure is
attained by watching a couple undressed or during
their acts of sexual intimacy

6. As to number

TYPES CHARACTERISTICS
1. froilism A form of sexual perversion, in which three persons
participate in the sexual orgy (Suixante-neve)
2. pluralism A form of sexual deviation in which a group of person
participate in the sexually orgy (sexual festival)

7. Other sexual deviation

TYPES CHARACTERISTICS
 1. Corpolalia A form of sexual deviation that is characterized by
the need to use obscene language to obtain orgasm
2. Don Juanism a form of sexual deviation that is characterized by
promiscuity and seduction of many women as part of
a males sexual career.
3. Indecent Exposure (Exhibitionism) Willful exposure of one’s genital organs in public
places and in the presence of other persons, usually
those of the opposite sex

Activity 4: Video-making: Following the mechanics below.

1. Take a 2 to 3-minute video of yourself introducing yourself. Explain the theory of Abraham
Maslow and relate your explanation to your personal life.
2. When you take your video, you must wear your uniform (If there’s any) or plain white t-shirt
on a proper haircut for moreno (boys) and proper hairnet for Morena (girls).
3. Please so to it that not following my instruction will be graded automatically zero (0).
4. Criteria for rating: Content/Ideas– 10
Organization/Expression- 5
Creativity- 5
Total: 20 pts.

Review of Concepts

Helen E. Longino explores the complexities of human behavioral research in Studying Human Behavior, a field
still dominated by the age-old "nature versus nurture" debate. Rather than taking a position on either side of
the debate or attempting to replace it with another framework for understanding behavior, Longino focuses on
how scientists study it, in particular sexual behavior and aggression, and asks what can be learned about human
behavior through empirical investigation. She breaks down five methods for studying behavior—quantitative
behavioral genetics, molecular behavioral genetics, developmental psychology, neurophysiology and anatomy,
and social/environmental methods—while highlighting the underlying presuppositions of each discipline and
the various issues and mechanisms that each focuses on. She also examines attempts to combine various
strategies. There is no one "right" strategy, according to Longino, but each one advances our knowledge of how
people behave in general. Longino also considers how this behavioral research has been received and
disseminated in the fields of science, society, medicine, and politics. Studying Human Behavior is a
groundbreaking study that sheds light on important scientific issues. It will be required reading for scientists,
philosophers, science journalists, and anyone else interested in the fascinating difficulties of comprehending
human behavior.

Post Test:

Instruction: On your own words define the following questions base on your own understanding:
 1. Explain on your own idea the significance of Human Development?
2. Based on your own idea as a criminology student does identifying the behavior of a person important
in connecting why person committed a crime?

REFERENCES:

CHAPTERHOUSE PUBLISHING INCORPORATED (RODOLFO V. CASTILLO, JR., PhD/ ATTY. RAMIL G. GIBAO