Special Crime Investigation Reviewer

Definition of Terms
Admission -Any statement of fact made by a party which is against his interest or
unfavorable to the conclusion for which he contends or inconsistent with the facts
alleged by him.
AFIS -Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) is a biometric identification
(ID) methodology that uses digital imaging technology to obtain, store, and analyze
fingerprint data.
Amateur Intermittent Offender -These types of robbers view themselves as lifetime
robbers and commits infrequent robbery offenses, often recklessly.
Armed Robbery -This involves the use of weapons such as firearm, a knife or other
dangerous weapons.
Animus Lucrandi -means intent to gain, in Robbery.
Bienes Muebles -in Robbery, means personal property belonging to another.
Arrest -The legal taking of a person into a custody in order that he may be bound to
answer for the commission of an offense.
Arrest Warrant -An order in writing issued in the name of the Philippines commanding or
directing a peace officer to arrest the person described therein and brings it before the
court.
The warrant of arrest is to be served within a statutory
period of 10 days.

The warrant of arrest validity continues unless:

 1. Recalled by the issuing court
 2. The respondent has been arrested
 3. Respondent voluntary submitted himself
Arson -An act of willfully and maliciously damaging or destroying a building or other
property by fire or explosion.
Autopsy -known as a post-mortem examination, necropsy, autopsia cadaverum, or
obduction, is a highly specialized surgical procedure that consists of a thorough
examination of a corpse to determine the cause and manner of death and to evaluate
any disease or injury that may be present.
Accused -A person who’s case was forwarded to the office of the prosecutor and filed in
court.
Baseline -a method of locating object, particularly useful in in large, irregularly shaped
outdoor areas.
Confession -An express acknowledgment by the accused in a criminal prosecution of
the truth of his guilt as to the offense charged, while admission refers to statements of
fact not directly constituting an acknowledgment of guilt.
Corpus Delicti -Latin for the “body of the crime”.
Crime -A generic term referring to many types of misconduct forbidden by law.
Crime Scene -A venue or place where the alleged crime/incident/event
has been committed.
Criminal -A person who is convicted by final judgment.
Criminalist -The officer responsible for recording a crime scene and recognizing and
preserving physical evidence.
Criminal Investigation -The collection of facts in order to accomplish the three-fold aims
– to identify the guilty party, to locate the guilty party and to provide evidence of his
(suspect) guilt.
Criminal Investigator -A well-trained, disciplined and experienced professional in the
field of criminal investigation.
Criminal Law -One that defines crimes treats of their nature and provides for their
punishment.
Crime Scene -The geographical area where the crime was committed.
Crime Scene Sketch -A simple diagram that creates a mental pictures of the scene to
those who are not present.
Rough Sketch -The first pencil-drawn outline of the scene and the location of objects
and evidence within this outline.
DNA Profiling -(also called DNA testing, DNA typing, or genetic fingerprinting) is a
technique employed by forensic scientists to assist in the identification of individuals by
their respective DNA profiles.
DNA Fingerprinting -is a test to identify and evaluate the genetic information, called
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), of a person's cells.

Early Techniques of Crime Investigation

Archimedes (287–212 BC) invented a method for determining the volume of an object
with an irregular shape.
Book of Xi Yuan Lu -The first written account of using medicine and entomology to solve
criminal cases.
Carl Wilhelm Scheele -he devised in 1773 a method for detecting arsenous oxide,
simple arsenic, in corpses.
Henry Goddard -at Scotland Yard pioneered the use of bullet comparison in 1835.
Alphonse Bertillon -was the first to apply the anthropological technique of anthropometry
to law enforcement, thereby creating an identification system based on physical
measurements.
Sir William Herschel -was one of the first to advocate the use of fingerprinting in the
identification of criminal suspects.
English Constable -early recorded professional criminal investigator.
Evidence -The means by which facts are proved.
Forcible Rape -Sexual intercourse carried out against a person’s will by the use of
physical violence.

Four Basic Techniques That Can Be Used To Measure A

Crime Scene
 1. Rectangular/Coordinate System
 2. Baseline/Station Line
 3. Triangulation/Trilateration
 4. Azimuth/Polar Coordinates
Azimuth -uses polar coordinates. This method requires two people; one to hold each
end of a tape measure. This type of measuring convention is best suited for large open
areas where there might not be any fixed reference points. A known starting point must
be established in your scene which might require pounding in a stake. That point is
located by using a handheld GPS (global positioning system). A large protractor or
some other type of board marked with a circle and degree increments is used. The zero
location on the board is oriented toward magnetic north.
Triangulation -is a method that can be used when the scene is irregularly shaped. Two
control points are used for this method.

Highgrading – selling
Information -The general term referring to the knowledge acquired by criminal
investigator from various sources. Data gathered by an investigator from other persons
including the victim himself and other sources.
Instrumentation -The application of instrument and method of physical science in the
detection and investigation of crime.
Interview -The simple friendly questioning of people who have the information officially
needed by investigators.
Interrogation -The vigorous or aggressive questioning of person suspected of having
committed an offense or a person who is reluctant or willing to make a full disclosure of
information in his possessions, which is pertinent to the investigation of a criminal case.
Investigation -The collection of basic facts establishing that a crime
has been committed and that some other person is responsible thereof.
Kastle–Meyer Test -is a presumptive blood test, first described in 1903, in which the
chemical indicator phenolphthalein is used to detect the possible presence of
hemoglobin.
Miranda Doctrine -The principle on the rights of a suspect against forced self-
incrimination during police interrogation.
Modus Operandi -Methods of Operation, Modes of Operation, Manner of committing the
crime.
Murder-Suicide -An act in which an individual kills one or more other persons
immediately before or at the same time as him or herself.
Phenomena -A circumstance, event or occurrence as it actually exists or existed.
Photography -The most reliable means of preserving the crime scene or evidence.
Political terrorists -The use of force or the fear of force to achieve a political end.
Power-Reassurance Rapist -The rapist who psychologically doubt his masculinity and
seeks to dispel this doubt by exercising power and control over women.
Professional Robber -This characterized as having a long-term commitment to crime as
a source of livelihood, planning and organizing crimes before committing them and
pursuing money to support a particular lifestyle.
RA 7438 -An act defining certain rights of person under custodial investigation.
RA 8353 -The Anti-Rape Law of 1997.
RA 9514 -The Fire Code of the Philippines.
Rectangular -a method of obtaining measurement to locate an object by making a
measurement at right angles from each of two walls. Works well for indoor
measurements.
Special Crime Investigation -The investigation of cases that are unique and often
require special training to fully understand their broad significance.
Spectrometry -modern detection method of alcohol and drugs.
Suspect -A person arrested for a crime.
Terrorism -The unlawful use of threat of violence against person or property to further
political or social objectives.

Three Fold Aim of Criminal Investigation

 1. Identify the Perpetrator
 2. Locate the Perpetrator
 3. Provide Evidence
Triangulation -method of locating object where measurements are taken
Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation
Investigation -an inquiry, judicial or otherwise for the discovery and collection of facts
concerning the matters involved.
-it is the process of inquiring, eliciting, soliciting and getting vital information, facts,
circumstances in order to establish the truth.
Criminal Investigator criminal cases -a public safety officer who is tasked to conduct the
investigation of all as provided for and embodied under the revised penal code,
criminals laws and special laws which are criminal in nature.
-a well trained, disciplined and experienced professional in the field of criminal
investigation.
Custodial Investigation -investigation conducted by law enforcement officers after a
person has been arrested or deprived of his freedom of action.
Neighborhood Investigation -one of the most crucial steps in kidnap for ransom cases
which is often overlooked. The objective is to identify and interview in person all
individuals in the area where the victim was kidnapped or last known sighting area
during the window of opportunity. (last time seen until the time discovered missing.
Crime scene -a venue or place where the alleged crime/incident/event has been
committed.
Corpus delicti -(latin for the body of the crime) -used to describe the physical or material
evidence that a crime has been committed. ex. corpse of a murder victim.
Confession -is an express acknowledgement by the accused in a criminal prosecution
of the truth of his guilt as to the offense charge.
Admission -refers to statement of facts not directly constituting an acknowledgement of
guilt.
Organized criminal group -a structured group of three or more persons existing for a
period of time and acting in concert with the aim of committing one or more serious
crime or offenses.
Organized crime -a combination of two or more persons who are engaged in a criminal
or virtual criminal activity on a continuing basis for the purpose of profit or power using
gangland style to attain their purpose.
Physical evidence -evidenced addressed to the senses of the court that are capable of
being exhibited, examined or viewed by the court. This includes but not limited to
fingerprints, body fluid, explosives, hazardous chemicals, soil/burned debris, bombs,
electronic parts used in the commission of the crime.
Victimology/victim profiling -a detailed account of the victims lifestyle and personality,
assist in determining the nature of the disappearance, the risk level of the victim and the
type of person who could have committed the crime. Complete information regarding
the victims physical description, normal behavior patterns, the family dynamics and
known friends and acquintances should be obtained as soon as possible.
Miranda vs. Arizona -Ernesto Miranda had confessed to rape and kidnapping, after two
hour interrogation. Because the interrogators failed to inform Miranda of his right to
counsel and remain silent, his conviction was overturned.
Waterboarding -refers to the practice of strapping a suspect to a board with his or her
head lowered, then the face is covered and water is poured over it causing the suspect
to gag and experience the sensation of drowning.
Chinese water torture -interrogation technique, repeatedly dripping water on the
forehead of the suspect. The goal is to drive the suspect to near insanity thereby
obtaining a confession.
Serial Killer -is someone who murders 3 or more people with "cooling off" periods in
between.
Police Blotter -is an 18" x 12" logbook with hard bound cover that contains the daily
register of all crime incident reports, official summary of arrests and other significant
events reported in a police station. A separate police blotter shall be maintained for
offenses requiring confidentiality like violence against women and children and those
cases involving a child in conflict with the law to protect their privacy pursuant to RA
9262 (anti violence against women and children act of 2004) and RA 9344 ( juvenile
justice and welfare act of 2006).
Actus Reus -proof that a criminal act has occurred.
Sketch -a rough drawing or painting, often made to assist in making a more finished
picture.
Types of Sketches
 1. Floor plan (Birds Eye View)

 2. Elevation Drawing

 3. Exploded View

 4. Respective Drawings

Allan Pinkerton -a Scottish american detective who created the Pinkerton National
Detective Agency, the first detective agency in the US.Pinkerton foiled a plot to
assassinate President Lincoln.
Rouges Gallery -is a police collection of pictures or photographs of criminals and
suspects kept for identification purposes.A compilation of descriptions, methods of
operation having places and names of criminal and their associates.
Mugshot -is a photographic portrait taken after one is arrested.
Criminal investigation -it is the collection of facts in order to accomplish the three fold
aims:
3 Fold Aims Of Criminal Investigation
 1. To identify the guilty party
 2. To locate the guilty party

 3. To provide evidence of his guilt

6 Cardinal points of investigation

 1. What specific offense was committed

 2. How the offense was committed

 3. Who committed it

 4. Where the offense was committed

 5. When it was committed

 6. Why it was committed

Tools of an investigator in gathering facts

 1. Information -data gathered by an investigator and other person including the victim himself and
from:

 1. public records

 2. private records

 3. modus operandi file

 2. Interview -skillful questioning of witness and suspects.

 3. Instrumentation -scientific examination of real evidence, application of instruments and method of

physical sciences in detecting crime.

Phases of investigations
 1.Phase 1 -identify the suspect through:

 1. confession

 2. eyewitness testimony

 3. circumstantial evidence

 4. associate evidence

 2. Phase 2 -locate and apprehend suspect.

 3. Phase 3 -gather and provide evidence to establish the guilt of the accused.

Composition/Organization of an investigation team:

 1. Team leader

 2. Investigator/recorder
 3. Photographer

 4. Evidence Custodian

 5. Composite illustrator/Artist

Equipment of an Investigator
 1. Police line

 2. Video camera

 3. Voice recorder

 4. Camera

 5. Measuring device

 6. Gloves

 7. Flashlight

 8. Fingerprint kit

 9. Evidence bag

 10. Evidence tag

 11. Evidence bottles/vials

 12. Investigators tickler

Investigators Tickler
 1. Investigators checklist

 2. Anatomical diagram form

 3. Evidence Checklist

 4. Turn-over receipt

Standard Methods of Recording Investigative Data:

1. Photographs
 2. Sketching crime scenes

 3. Written notes (what you have seen/observed)

 4. crime sceneDeveloping and lifting fingerprints found at the .

 5. Gathering physical evidence

 6. Plaster cast

 7. Tape recording of sounds

 8. Video tape recording of objects

 9. Written statement of objects and witnesses.

2 Kinds of Information
 1. Regular sources -ex. citizen, company records

 2. Cultivated sources -ex. paid informant

  Interrogation or questioning witness or suspect who is reluctant to

divulge or reveal information with the goal of extracting a confession or obtaining information
while an Interview is simple questioning of a person who cooperate with the investigator.
How the Suspect is Identified
 1. Confession or Admission -is a declaration of an accused acknowledging his guilt.

 2. Eyewitness testimony

 3. Circumstantial evidence

How circumstantial Evidence Obtained

 1. Motive

 2. Opportunity

 3. Associative Evidence

Types of Interview
 1. crime scene Informal (on the scene interview) -conducted by police/investigator at the to get
description of criminal if seen.

 2. Formal -interview conducted by the investigator assigned to the case.

Types of Formal Interview

 1. Normal -for willing or cooperative witness.

 2. Group/Pretext Interview -for hostile witness or witness who refuse to cooperate.

 3. Follow Up -additional interview in addition to vital points if necessary.

Qualifications of Interviewer
 1. Salesman

 2. Actor

 3. Psychologist

Requisites of an Interview
 1. Establish rapport
 2. Forcefulness of personality

 3. Breadth of interest

Setting of Interview
 1. Background Interview -time and place of interview are not a consideration except for busy person.

 2. Criminal Cases Routine -interview should be carefully planned. Busy person can be interviewed at
night, privacy is important.

 3. Criminal Cases Important -should be conducted in places other than the subjects home/office to
prevent him/her feeling confident. Investigator should get interviewees respect.

 4. Appropriate Time -General rule -(ASAP) as soon possible while facts are fresh in the memory of

interviewees.
Crime Scene Methods of Search
 1. Strip method -the area is blocked out in the form of a rectangle. The searchers (3 person is good)
proceed slowly at the same pace along paths parallel to one side of the rectangle.

 2. Double Strip Search Method -modification of the strip search method. The rectangle is traversed
first parallel to the base then parallel to a side.

 3. Spiral Search Method -The searchers (3 person is good) follow each other along the path of a spiral
beginning on the outside and spiraling in towards the center.

 4. Zone Search Method -one searcher is assigned to each subdivision of a quadrant and then each
quadrant is cut into another set of quadrants.

 5. Wheel Search Method -the area is considered to be approximately circular. The searchers gather at
the center and proceed outward along radii or spokes. Procedure is repeated several times dep ending
on the size of the circle and the number of searchers. 

Fundamentals Of Criminal Investigation Reviewer 1

  Questions and answer
  Reviewer
  Crime scene investigation
  Jonathan
  In the world
 1.Criminal Investigation America's most famous private investigator and founder of .
 A. Alec Nayhem
 B. Allan Pinkerton
 C. Thomas Byrnes
 D. None of these
 2. criminal investigation The first woman detective in the history of .
 A. Kathleen Jacob
 B. Candy Miles
 C. Kate Wayne
 D. Pines Hamilton
 3. He was known to be the creator of the "bow street runners", a group of police officers
attached to the Bow Street Court, and not in uniform, performing criminal investigative
functions.
 A. Henry Fielding
 B. John Fielding
 C. John Howard
 D. Robert Peel
 4. The founder and chief organizer of the London Metropolitan Police, the Scotland Yard,
which became famous police organization in the world.
 A. Henry Fielding
 B. John Fielding
 C. John Howard
 D. Robert Peel
 5. As a rule, do not touch, alter or remove anything at the crime scene until the evidence has
been processed through notes, sketches and photographs, with proper measurements.This refers
to
 A. the golden rule in investigation
 B. the number one SOP in investigation
 C. the act of note taking
 D.crime scene the act of preservation
 6.criminal investigation An Englishman who published a handbook for Examining
Magistrates in Munich, Germany and advocated the use of scientific methods in process.
 A. Hans Gross
 B. Thomas Byrnes
 C. Alphonse Bertillon
 D. Francis Galton
 7. The SC ruled the illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible in state criminal prosecutions
in the famous case of
 A. Miranda vs Arizona
 B. Otit vs Jef
 C. Mapp vs Ohio
 D. Milkey vs Wett
 8. The continues accountability of persons handling evidences, and having responsibility of
taking care and preserving the evidences from the time it was found until brought to court for
presentation is called
 A. Chain of events
 B. Key events
 C. Chain of custody of evidence
 D. Chain of command
 9. In England, he was a buckle maker then a brothel operator; a master criminal who became
London's most efective criminal investigator. He was the most famous Thief-Catcher in 1720s.
 A. Alexander Macanochie
 B. Jonathan Wild
 C. Billy Cook
 D. John Howard
 10. What is the Latin term for criminal intent?
 A. Mens Rea
 B. Magna Culpa
 C. Inflagrante Delicto
 D. Mala Vise
Answers:Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation
 1. B
 2. C
 3. A
 4. D
 5. A
 6. A
 7. C
 8. C
 9. B
 10.A

1.

The geographical area where the crime was committed. (1pts.)

TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. place of incident

B. Crime Scene
C. Criminal Investigation place

D. place were done

Your Answer : B

Correct Answer : B

Remarks : checked

2.

This is types of crime which directed to an individual person’s body, honor and life. (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Crimes against society

B. Crimes against person

C. Crimes against property

D. All of the above

Your Answer : B

Correct Answer : B

Remarks : checked

3.

It is an act or commission of an act that is forbidden or the omission of a duty that is commanded by
the public law and that makes the offender liable to punishments is (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Deceit

B. Fault

C. Crime

D. Offense

Your Answer : C

Correct Answer : C

Remarks : checked
4.

Modes of Operation, Manner of committing the crime. (1pts.)

TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Criminal Planning

B. Crime Plan

C. Modus Operandi

D. Planning

Your Answer : C

Correct Answer : C

Remarks : checked

5.

According to Atty. Gabao he state that this is a kind of violation against societal rules of behavior as
interpreted and expressed by a criminal legal code created by people holding social and political
power. (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. crimes

B. deceit

C. fault

D. offense

Your Answer : A

Correct Answer : A

Remarks : checked

6.

The legal taking of a person into a custody in order thathe may be bound to answer for the
commission of an offense (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Bienes Muebles

B. Arrest
C. Animus Lucrandi

D. Armed Robbery

Your Answer : B

Correct Answer : B

Remarks : checked

7.

Latin for the “body of the crime”. (1pts.)

TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Nulum crimen

B. Corpus Delicti

C. Actus me inbetus

D. modus operandi

Your Answer : B

Correct Answer : B

Remarks : checked

8.

When was the Revised Penal Code enacted? (1pts.)

TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. December 9, 1930

B. December 8, 1930

C. December 10, 1930

D. December 11, 1932

Your Answer : B

Correct Answer : B

Remarks : checked

9.
The driver of vehicle was crashed due to lack of skills (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Fault

B. Negligence

C. Culpa

D. All of these

Your Answer : D

Correct Answer : D

Remarks : checked

10.

A person arrested for a crime. (1pts.)

TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Accused

B. Respondent

C. Suspect

D. Defendant

Your Answer : C

Correct Answer : C

Remarks : checked

11.

A criminal that has intent to kill with treachery and abuse of confidence (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Murder

B. Homicide

C. Self-defense

D. Attacked
Your Answer : A

Correct Answer : A

Remarks : checked

12.

The vigorous or aggressive questioning of person suspected of having committed an offense or a

person who is reluctant or willing to make a full disclosure of information in his possessions, which is
pertinent to the investigation of a criminal case. (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Interview

B. Question

C. Interrogation

D. information

Your Answer : C

Correct Answer : C

Remarks : checked

13.

Sexual intercourse carried out against a person’s will by the use of physical violence. (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Robbery with intimidation

B. Force upon things

C. Forcible Rape

D. Force by entry

Your Answer : C

Correct Answer : C

Remarks : checked

14.
Describes the acts that constitute criminal offenses and the penalties for the commission
thereof? (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Book 2 of the Revised Penal Code

B. Book 3 of the Revised Penal Code

C. Book 2 of the Revised Penal Code

D. Book 1 of the Revised Penal Code

Your Answer : D

Correct Answer : A

Remarks : close

15.

What do you mean of Dolo in English translation word? (1pts.)

TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Deceit

B. Fault

C. Attractive

D. None of this

Your Answer : A

Correct Answer : A

Remarks : checked

16.

A Private citizens with no official status were paid by the King for every criminal they arrested, they
are called (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Thief Takers

B. Beadies

C. Food Pad
D. Constables

Your Answer : D

Correct Answer : A

Remarks : close

17.

This is a generic term referring to many types of misconduct forbidden by law (1pts.)

TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Crimes against property

B. Crimes Against person

C. Crimes Against Society

D. Crime

Your Answer : D

Correct Answer : D

Remarks : checked

18.

The unlawful use of threat of violence against person or property to further political or social
objectives. (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Society

B. Community

C. People

D. Terrorism

Your Answer : D

Correct Answer : D

Remarks : checked

19.
This contains the general provisions regarding criminal offenses, persons liable and imposition of
penalties? (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Book 2 of the Revised Penal Code

B. Book 3 of the Revised Penal Code

C. Book 2 of the Revised Penal Code

D. Book 1 of the Revised Penal Code

Your Answer : A

Correct Answer : D

Remarks : close

20.

This characterized as having a long-term commitment to crime as a source of livelihood, planning

and organizing crimes before committing them and pursuing money to support a particular
lifestyle. (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Simple robber

B. Beginners robber

C. Professional Robber

D. Power-Reassurance Robber

Your Answer : C

Correct Answer : C

Remarks : checked

21.

Which do you think of crimes under crimes against society (1pts.)

TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Gambling

B. Illegal drugs

C. Illegal fishing
D. all of these

Your Answer : D

Correct Answer : D

Remarks : checked

22.

A well-trained, disciplined and experienced professional in the field of criminal investigation. (1pts.)

TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Criminal person

B. Criminal Layer

C. Criminal Investigation

D. Criminal Investigator

Your Answer : D

Correct Answer : D

Remarks : checked

23.

This is act which wrong in itself having criminal intent to do an act and negligence (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Mala Prohibita

B. Mala Mala

C. Mala In Se

D. Actus me in betos

Your Answer : C

Correct Answer : C

Remarks : checked

24.

This is a kind of acts which penalized under the legislative provisions (1pts.)

TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Mala in se

B. Mala Prohibita

C. Actus me invetos

D. Nullim crimen nulum poena

Your Answer : B

Correct Answer : B

Remarks : checked

25.

This is considered as the one of the Philippines most enduring pieces of legislation (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Special Penal Law

B. Rules of Court

C. Philippine Civil Law

D. Revised Penal Code of the Philippines

Your Answer : D

Correct Answer : D

Remarks : checked

26.

How many books divided in the Revised Penal Code? (1pts.)

TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

Your Answer : B
Correct Answer : B

Remarks : checked

27.

The investigation of cases that are unique and often require special training to fully understand their
broad significance. (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Special Unit

B. Special Person

C. Special Crime Investigation

D. Special Techniques investigation

Your Answer : C

Correct Answer : C

Remarks : checked

28.

In Robbery, means personal property belonging to another (1pts.)

TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Bienes Muebles

B. Theft

C. Animus Lucrandi

D. Armed Robbery

Your Answer : B

Correct Answer : A

Remarks : close

29.

They were assistants to the constables and walked the streets removing vagrants. (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Thief Takers
B. Beadies

C. Food Pad

D. Constable

Your Answer : B

Correct Answer : B

Remarks : checked

30.

The collection of basic facts establishing that a crime has been committed and that some other
person is responsible thereof. (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. nterview

B. Investigation

C. Interrogation

D. information

Your Answer : D

Correct Answer : B

Remarks : close

31.

A man was caught in the act by a Police officer carted a piece of cigarettes stolen from the market
officer, how you considered this statement below. (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Crimes against property

B. Crimes Against person

C. Crimes Against Society

D. None of the chose

Your Answer : A

Correct Answer : A
Remarks : checked

32.

The principle on the rights of a suspect against forced self-incrimination during police
interrogation. (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Miranda Doctrine

B. Rights of A person

C. Under Custody

D. information

Your Answer : A

Correct Answer : A

Remarks : checked

33.

An act in which an individual kills one or more other persons immediately before or at the same time
as him or herself. (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Death

B. lifeless

C. Murder-Suicide

D. Homicide

Your Answer : C

Correct Answer : C

Remarks : checked

34.

Which among the choices is under crimes against person and crimes against property (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Robbey and Murder

B. Homicide

C. Rape

D. All of these

Your Answer : A

Correct Answer : D

Remarks : close

35.

The collection of facts in order to accomplish the three-fold aims – to identify the guilty party, to
locate the guilty party and to provide evidence of his (suspect) guilt (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Criminal

B. Criminal Law

C. Criminal Investigation

D. Crime scene processing

Your Answer : C

Correct Answer : C

Remarks : checked

36.

This is served as the basis of the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Spanish de yuta of 1870

B. Spanish de corida of 1870

C. Spanish Codigo Penal of 1870

D. None of these choices

Your Answer : C

Correct Answer : C
Remarks : checked

37.

An act of willfully and maliciously damaging or destroying a building or other property by fire or
explosion (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Murder

B. Homicide

C. Arson

D. Armed Robbery

Your Answer : C

Correct Answer : C

Remarks : checked

38.

This involves the use of weapon such as firearm, a knife or other dangerous weapons (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Carnapping

B. Theft

C. Assault

D. Armed Robbery

Your Answer : D

Correct Answer : D

Remarks : checked

39.

This is an acts and omission punishable by the law is (1pts.)

TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Delitos

B. Felonies
C. Fault

D. A&B

Your Answer : D

Correct Answer : D

Remarks : checked

40.

Are crimes that directed to a person’s belonging, intellectual properties and money. (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Crimes against Person

B. Crimes against Property

C. Crimes against Society

D. All of the Above

Your Answer : B

Correct Answer : B

Remarks : checked

41.

The simple friendly questioning of people who have the information officially needed by
investigators. (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Interview

B. Question

C. Interrogation

D. information

Your Answer : A

Correct Answer : A

Remarks : checked
42.

According to the explanation note of Hon. Niel C. Tupas this provisions deal with the special crimes
that is not covered by the Revised Penal Code? (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. The Penal Law

B. The Revised Rules of the Philippines

C. Special Penal Laws of the Philippine

D. None of these

Your Answer : C

Correct Answer : C

Remarks : checked

43.

This is also a passive action when perpetrators do not have a deliberate intent to perform the action
and it is result of negligence (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Culpa

B. Dolo

C. Fault

D. A&C

Your Answer : D

Correct Answer : D

Remarks : checked

44.

The rapist who psychologically doubt his masculinity and seeks to dispel this doubt by exercising
power and control over women. (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Power Argue

B. Carnal knowledge
C. Lewd

D. Power-Reassurance Rapist

Your Answer : D

Correct Answer : D

Remarks : checked

45.

Are crimes directed to the community’s moral code and values (1pts.)

TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Crimes against Society

B. Crimes against Person

C. Crime against Property

D. None of the above

Your Answer : A

Correct Answer : A

Remarks : checked

46.

Means intent to gain, in Robbery (1pts.)

TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Carnapping

B. Theft

C. Animus Lucrandi

D. Armed Robbery

Your Answer : C

Correct Answer : C

Remarks : checked

47.
The act or omission punishable by the revised penal code (1pts.)
TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Fault

B. Offense

C. crime

D. deceit

Your Answer : C

Correct Answer : C

Remarks : checked

48.

A venue or place where the crime has been committed (1pts.)

TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Crime Scene

B. Crimes Against person

C. Crimes Against Society

D. Crime

Your Answer : A

Correct Answer : A

Remarks : checked

49.

The means by which facts are proved. (1pts.)

TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. Evidence

B. burden of proof

C. Physical

D. Object
Your Answer : A

Correct Answer : A

Remarks : checked

50.

When the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines took effect? (1pts.)

TYPE: MULTIPLE CHOICE

A. December 8, 1930

B. January 1, 1932

C. December 9, 1887

D. January 1, 1870

Your Answer : A

Correct Answer : B

Remarks : close

Definition of Terms

Admission - Any statement of fact made by a party which is against

his interest or unfavorable to the conclusion for which he contends
or inconsistent with the facts alleged by him.

AFIS - Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) is a biometric

identification (ID) methodology that uses digital imaging technology
to obtain, store, and analyze fingerprint data.

Amateur Intermittent Offender - These types of robbers view themselves

as lifetime robbers and commits infrequent robbery offenses, often
recklessly.

Armed Robbery - This involves the use of weapons such as firearm, a

knife or other dangerous weapons.

Animus Lucrandi - means intent to gain, in Robbery.

      Bienes Muebles - in Robbery, means personal property belonging

      to another.

Arrest - The legal taking of a person into a custody in order that

he may be bound to answer for the commission of an offense. 
Arrest Warrant - An order in writing issued in the name of the
Philippines commanding or directing a peace officer to arrest the person described therein
and brings it before the court.

      The warrant of arrest is to be served within a statutory

      period of 10 days.
The warrant  of arrest validity continues unless:
      1. Recalled by the issuing court
      2. The respondent has been arrested
      3. Respondent voluntary submitted himself

Arson - An act of willfully and maliciously damaging or destroying a

building or other property by fire or explosion.

Autopsy - known as a post-mortem examination, necropsy, autopsia

cadaverum, or obduction, is a highly specialized surgical procedure that consists of a
thorough examination of a corpse to determine the
cause and manner of death and to evaluate any disease or injury that
may be present.

Accused - A person who’s case was forwarded to the office of the

prosecutor and filed in court.

Baseline - a method of locating object, particularly useful in in

large, irregularly shaped outdoor areas.

Confession - An express acknowledgment by the accused in a criminal

prosecution of the truth of his guilt as to the offense charged, while admission refers to
statements of fact not directly constituting
an acknowledgment of guilt.

Corpus Delicti - Latin for the “body of the crime”.

Crime - A generic term referring to many types of misconduct

forbidden by law.

Crime Scene - A venue or place where the alleged crime/incident/event

has been committed.

Criminal - A person who is convicted by final judgment.

Criminalist - The officer responsible for recording a crime scene and

recognizing and preserving physical evidence.

Criminal Investigation - The collection of facts in order to accomplish

the three-fold aims – to identify the guilty party, to locate the guilty party and to provide
evidence of his (suspect) guilt.

Criminal Investigator - A well-trained, disciplined and experienced

professional in the field of criminal investigation.

Criminal Law - One that defines crimes treats of their nature and
provides for their punishment.

Crime Scene - The geographical area where the crime was committed.

Crime Scene Sketch -  A simple diagram that creates a mental pictures

of the scene to those who are not present.

      Rough Sketch -  The first pencil-drawn outline of the scene

      and the location of objects and evidence within this outline.

DNA Profiling - (also called DNA testing, DNA typing, or genetic

fingerprinting) is a technique employed by forensic scientists to assist
in the identification of individuals by their respective DNA profiles.

DNA Fingerprinting - is a test to identify and evaluate the genetic

information, called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), of a person's cells.

Early Techniques of Crime Investigation

      Archimedes (287–212 BC) invented a method for determining the
      volume of an object with an irregular shape.
      Book of Xi Yuan Lu - The first written account of using medicine
      and entomology to solve criminal cases.

      Carl Wilhelm Scheele - he devised in 1773 a method for detecting

      arsenous oxide, simple arsenic, in corpses.

      Henry Goddard - at Scotland Yard pioneered the use of bullet

      comparison in 1835.

      Alphonse Bertillon - was the first to apply the anthropological

      technique of anthropometry to law enforcement, thereby creating
      an identification system based on physical measurements.

      Sir William Herschel - was one of the first to advocate the use
      of fingerprinting in the identification of criminal suspects.

English Constable - early recorded professional criminal investigator.

Evidence -  The means by which facts are proved.

Forcible Rape - Sexual intercourse carried out against a person’s will

by the use of physical violence.

Four Basic Techniques That Can Be Used To Measure A Crime Scene

1. Rectangular/Coordinate System
2. Baseline/Station Line
3. Triangulation/Trilateration
4. Azimuth/Polar Coordinates

         Azimuth - uses polar coordinates. This method requires two

         people; one to hold each end of a tape measure. This type of
         measuring convention is best suited for large open areas where
         there might not be any fixed reference points. A known starting
         point must be established in your scene which might require
         pounding in a stake. That point is located by using a handheld
         GPS (global positioning system). A large protractor or some
         other type of board marked with a circle and degree increments
         is used. The zero location on the board is oriented toward
         magnetic north.

         Triangulation - is a method that can be used when the scene

         is irregularly shaped. Two control points are used for this
         method.
Highgrading – selling

Information - The general term referring to the knowledge acquired

by criminal investigator from various sources. Data gathered by an
investigator from other persons including the victim himself and
other sources.

Instrumentation - The application of instrument and method of physical

science in the detection and investigation of crime.

Interview - The simple friendly questioning of people who have the

information officially needed by investigators.

Interrogation - The vigorous or aggressive questioning of person

suspected of having committed an offense or a person who is reluctant
or willing to make a full disclosure of information in his possessions,
which is pertinent to the investigation of a criminal case.

Investigation - The collection of basic facts establishing that a crime

has been committed and that some other person is responsible thereof.

Kastle–Meyer Test - is a presumptive blood test, first described in

1903, in which the chemical indicator phenolphthalein is used to detect
the possible presence of hemoglobin.

Miranda Doctrine - The principle on the rights of a suspect against

forced self-incrimination during police interrogation.

Modus Operandi - Methods of Operation, Modes of Operation, Manner of

committing the crime.

Murder-Suicide - An act in which an individual kills one or more other

persons immediately before or at the same time as him or herself.

Phenomena - A circumstance, event or occurrence as it actually

exists or existed.

Photography -  The most reliable means of preserving the crime scene

or evidence.

Political terrorists - The use of force or the fear of force to achieve

a political end.

Power-Reassurance Rapist - The rapist who psychologically doubt his

masculinity and seeks to dispel this doubt by exercising power and
control over women.

Professional Robber - This characterized as having a long-term

commitment to crime as a source of livelihood, planning and organizing
crimes before committing them and pursuing money to support a particular
lifestyle.

RA 7438 - An act defining certain rights of person under custodial

investigation.

RA 8353 - The Anti-Rape Law of 1997.

RA 9514 - The Fire Code of the Philippines.

Rectangular - a method of obtaining measurement to locate an object

by making a measurement at right angles from each of two walls. Works
well for indoor measurements.

Special Crime Investigation - The investigation of cases that are

unique and often require special training to fully understand their
broad significance.

Spectrometry - modern detection method of alcohol and drugs.

Suspect - A person arrested for a crime.

Terrorism - The unlawful use of threat of violence against person or

property to further political or social objectives.

Three Fold Aim of Criminal Investigation

1. Identify the Perpetrator
2. Locate the Perpetrator
3. Provide Evidence

Triangulation - method of locating object where measurements are taken

from two fixed points at the scene to the object you desire to locate.