1. This question is about the element sulphur and some of its compounds.

(a) Sulphur exists as two different types of atoms, X and Y.

(i) Complete the table.

sulphur atomic mass number of number of number of

atom number number protons neutrons electrons

X 16 32 16 16 16

Y 34
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(2)

(ii) What name is given to different types of atom of the same element?

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(1)

(b) Sulphur atoms have six electrons in their outer shell.

They can form sulphide ions by gaining electrons.

How many electrons does each sulphur atom gain to form a sulphide ion?
Give a reason for your answer.

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(2)

(c) Sulphur and hydrogen combine to form a poisonous gas called hydrogen sulphide.

(i) In this compound, hydrogen and sulphur atoms are bonded together by sharing
pairs of electrons.
What is the name of this type of bonding?

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(1)

King George V School 1

 (ii) Calculate the relative formula mass of hydrogen sulphide, H 2S.

(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0; S = 32)

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(1)
(Total 7 marks)

2. (a) Draw a dot and cross diagram of a molecule of carbon dioxide.

Show the outer electrons only.

(3)

(b) Name and describe the type of bonding that holds the atoms together in the carbon
dioxide molecule.

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(2)
(Total 5 marks)

King George V School 2

3. Sodium chloride can be found as rock salt.

The diagram shows an atom of sodium and an atom of chlorine.

(i) When ionic bonds are formed, electrons are transferred.

Show on the diagram the movement of an electron when sodium chloride is formed.
(1)

(ii) Write down the formula of a

sodium ion ..................................................................................................................

chloride ion .................................................................................................................

(2)

(iii) What forces hold the ions together in a sodium chloride crystal?

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(1)

(iv) Explain why sodium chloride has a high melting point.

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(2)
(Total 6 marks)

King George V School 3

4. (a) Hydrogen reacts with chlorine to make hydrogen chloride.

Write the balanced equation for this reaction.

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(3)

(b) Draw a dot and cross diagram of a molecule of hydrogen chloride (HCl).

Show outer electrons only.

(2)

(c) What type of bond holds the atoms together in this molecule?

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(1)
(Total 6 marks)

King George V School 4

5. Methane is a gas at room temperature whereas diamond is a solid.

(i) Draw a dot and cross diagram to show the bonding in methane (CH4).
Show outer electrons only.

(2)

(ii) In terms of their structures, explain why methane is a gas and diamond a solid at room
temperature.

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(4)
(Total 6 marks)

King George V School 5