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Accounting Cycle 1670564814
Accounting Cycle 1670564814
ACCOUNTING CYCLE
ﻣﺤﺘﻮﯾـــﺎت اﻟــﻤﻮﺿﻮع
.٤اﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ
اﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ
١
ﺣﺪوث ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻣﺎﻟﯿﺔ
-اول ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪوث اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ ..وھﻮ ﺣﺪوث ﺷﺮاء او ﺑﯿﻊ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻧﻚ اﺷﺘﺮﯾﺖ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ
او ﺑﯿﻌﺖ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ.
-ﺗﺎﻧﻲ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ أو ﺻﺮف ﻧﻘﺪي ..ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻓﻠﻮس ﻛﺎش دﺧﻠﺘﻠﻚ او اﻧﺖ ﺻﺮﻓﺖ ﻓﻠﻮس
ﻛﺎش او ﻋﻤﻠﺖ إﯾﺪاع ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻨﻚ او ﺻﺮف ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﻚ او أي ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﯿﮭﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﺪﯾﺔ وﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ
ﺣﻜﻤﮭﺎ.
-ﺗﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎت ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎء ..ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ اﺗﺤﻂ ﻓﯿﮫ
ﻓﻠﻮس او اﺗﺴﺤﺐ ﻣﻨﮫ ﻓﻠﻮس وھﻜﺬا.
ﯾﺒﻘﻰ اﻟﻜﻼم ده ﻣﻌﻨﺎه ان ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻻزم ﯾﺘﻢ اﺛﺒﺎﺗﮭﺎ أو ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪث ﻣﻌﯿﻦ
ﺣﺼﻞ ﻻزم ﯾﺘﻢ اﺛﺒﺎﺗﮫ ..ودﯾﮫ اول ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺑﻨﻘﺎﺑﻠﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﺪورة اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﯿﺔ .
" وھﻮ دﻓﺘﺮ ﯾﺘﻢ ﻓﯿﮫ ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﯿﻮد ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﯿﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺘﺎرﯾﺦ "
داﺋﻦ /
طﺐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ دﻓﺘﺮ اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿﺔ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺑﻨﺴﺠﻞ ﻓﯿﮫ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿﺔ ..ﻣﺤﺘﺎﺟﯿﻦ ﻧﻌﺮف
ھﻞ ده ﺑﺲ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺪﻓﺘﺮ اﻟﻮﺣﯿﺪ اﻟﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ؟؟
ﻻ ،ﻻﻧﮫ ﺗﺘﻨﻮع اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ :اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻜﯿﺔ /اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﯿﺔ /اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿﺔ اﻹﻧﺠﻠﯿﺰﯾﺔ
وﻟﻜﻦ أﺷﮭﺮھﻢ وأﻛﺜﺮھﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎ ً وأﺳﮭﻠﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﺴﺠﯿﻞ ھﻲ اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﯾﻜﯿﺔ
ﻛﺪا ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎ ان ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄة ،اﺑﺘﺪﯾﻨﺎ ﻧﺴﺠﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿﺔ اﻟﻠﻲ
ﺣﺼﻠﺖ دﯾﮫ ﻓﻲ دﻓﺘﺮ ،وﻋﺸﺎن ﻧﺴﺠﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﺑﻨﺴﺠﻠﮭﺎ ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺎ ﯾﺴﻤﻰ
ﺑﺎﻟﻘﯿﺪ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﻲ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺑﻨﺴﺠﻠﮫ ﻓﻲ دﻓﺘﺮ اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿﺔ ..وﺑﻜﺪا اﺣﻨﺎ ﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎ ﺗﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪورة
اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﯿﺔ .
DINA ISMAIL ALI
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اﻟﺘﺮﺣﯿﻞ اﻟﻰ دﻓﺘﺮ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ
وھﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﺘﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪورة اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﯿﺔ ﺑﻨﺮﺣﻞ اﻟﻰ دﻓﺘﺮ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ..
أوﻻً :دﻓﺘﺮ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ :ھﻮ اﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﺬي ﯾﺘﻢ ﻓﯿﮫ ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻊ ﻗﯿﻮد اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺠﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ دﻓﺘﺮ اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿﺔ
اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺤﺴﺎب واﺣﺪ وﺗﺴﺠﯿﻞ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ واﻟﺤﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﺪاﺋﻨﺔ وﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﯾﺘﻢ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ
رﺻﯿﺪ اﻟﺤﺴﺎب
ﯾﻌﻨﻲ اﯾﮫ اﻟﻜﻼم ده ؟
ﻣﻌﻨﺎه ان اﺣﻨﺎ ﺑﻨﺮﺣﻞ اﻟﻘﯿﻮد اﻟﻠﻲ ﻗﻮﻣﻨﺎ ﺑﺘﺴﺠﯿﻠﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ دﻓﺘﺮ اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿﺔ اﻟﻲ دﻓﺘﺮ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﺑﮭﺪف ان
اﺣﻨﺎ ﻧﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎت دﯾﮫ وﻧﻔﺼﻠﮭﺎ ..وھﻮ ده ھﺪف ﺣﺴﺎب اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ .
اﻟﺮﺻﯿـــﺪ اﻟﺮﺻﯿـــﺪ
وﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻜﻼم ھﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻨﻚ ، ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ :ان ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ح /اﻟﺨﺰﯾﻨﺔ ھﻨﺎ
ﻣﺪﯾﻦ وداﺋﻦ ﻋﺸﺎن اﻗﺪر أوﺻﻞ ﻣﺪﯾﻦ وداﺋﻦ ﻋﺸﺎن اﻗﺪر أوﺻﻞ ﻟﻠﺮﺻﯿﺪ ﺑﻜﺎم
ﻟﻠﺮﺻﯿﺪ ﺑﻜﺎم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ ، ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ ،وده ھﺪف اﻟﻔﺼﻞ واﻟﺘﺠﻤﯿﻊ ؛
وأﻋﺮف رﺻﯿﺪي ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺑﻜﺎم. ﻋﺸﺎن اﻗﺪر أوﺻﻞ اﻟﺨﺰﯾﻨﺔ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﻛﺎم .
وده ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﺪورة اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﯿﺔ .
DINA ISMAIL ALI
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اﻟﺘﺮ ﺣ ﯿﻞ اﻟﻰ ﻣ ﯿﺰان اﻟﻤﺮاﺟ ﻌﺔ
وھﻨﺎ ھﻨﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺪھﺎ وھﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺣﯿﻞ ﻟﻤﯿﺰان اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ..
ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ ان ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ ﻋﻨﺪي ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺸﺄة ،ﻓﻘﻮﻣﺖ ﺳﺠﻠﺖ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ دﯾﮫ ﻓﻲ ﻗﯿﺪ ﯾﻮﻣﯿﺔ ،وﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ
ﺳﺠﻠﺘﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﯿﺪ اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿﺔ وﻧﻈﺮا ً ﻻن ﻗﯿﺪ اﻟﯿﻮﻣﯿﺔ ﺑﯿﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻲ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﺪﯾﻦ وﺟﺎﻧﺐ داﺋﻦ ﻓﺒﺎﺧﺪ
ﻛﻞ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻟﻮﺣﺪه ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻦ واﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﺪاﺋﻦ واﺳﺠﻠﮫ ﻓﻲ دﻓﺘﺮ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﮫ ،
ﻓﺒﻌﺪ ﻛﺪا ﺑﻘﻰ ﻣﺤﺘﺎﺟﯿﻦ ﻧﺠﻤﻊ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ او اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄة ﻛﻠﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﻤﻰ اﺳﻤﮫ ﻣﯿﺰان
اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺎن ﺧﺎطﺮ أراﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎت ..
واﻟﺸﻜﻞ ده ﺑﯿﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻣﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ اﻟﻠﻲ ﺑﺘﺨﺺ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ واﻟﻤﺠﺎﻣﯿﻊ اﻟﺪاﺋﻨﺔ وﻟﻤﺎ ھﺘﻄﺮح
اﻻﺗﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ھﯿﻜﻮن اﻟﺼﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻲ ھﻮ اﻟﺮﺻﯿﺪ ،،وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻤﯿﺰان ھﻨﺎ ﺑﯿﺠﻤﻌﻠﻨﺎ اﻟﺮﺻﯿﺪ
اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻜﻞ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺎت اﻟﻠﻲ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄة ..ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﺜﻼً اﻟﺨﺰﯾﻨﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺗﺤﺘﮭﺎ
اﻟﻤﻮردﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﻌﻤﻼء ﺗﺤﺘﮭﺎ اﻵﺻﻮل اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ وھﻜﺬا ..
DINA ISMAIL ALI
طﺐ ﻋﺸﺎن وارد ﻧﻜﻮن اﺗﻠﻐﺒﻄﻨﺎ وﺗﻮھﻨﺎ ﺷﻮﯾﺔ ..ھﻨﻘﻒ ﻛﺪا ﺛﻮاﻧﻲ وﻧﻔﻜﺮ ..
طﺐ ھﻮ ﻛﺪا اﯾﮫ اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﯿﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ وﻣﯿﺰان اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ؟؟
ﻣﯿﺰان
اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ
ﻟﻜﻦ ھﻨﺎ ﺑﻨﺠﯿﺐ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻦ ، ﻓﻲ دﻓﺘﺮ اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻛﻨﺎ ﺑﻨﺠﯿﺐ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻋﻠﻰ
وﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﺪاﺋﻦ واطﺮﺣﮭﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺣﺪة ﺑﺘﻔــﺎﺻﯿﻠـــﮫ .
ﻓﯿﺪﯾﻨﻲ اﻟﺮﺻﯿﺪ .
طﺐ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻧﻤﺴﻚ ﻛﻞ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻓﯿﮭﻢ ﻧﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﻨﮭﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺒﺴﻂ ..
ﯾﻌﻨﻲ ﻧﺎﺧﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎ ..ان ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ ھﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﺘﻢ إﻋﺪادھﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ
ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺪﺧﻞ وﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎت اﻟﻨﻘﺪﯾﺔ ﯾﺘﻢ إﻋﺪادھﻤﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻓﺘﺮة ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ .
ﻣﮭﻢ ﻧﻜﻮن ﻋﺎرﻓﯿﻦ ان ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺪﺧﻞ وﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﺗﺒﻨﻮا ﻋﻠﻲ أﺳﺎس اﻻﺳﺘﺤﺎق
وﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎت اﻟﻨﻘﺪﯾﺔ اﺗﺒﻨﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺳﺎس اﻟﻨﻘﺪي ..ﻻن ﺑﮭﺎ ﺣﺮﻛﺎت ﻧﻘﺪﯾﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ
ﻟﺤﺪ ھﻨﺎ وﻧﻘﺪر ﻧﻘﻮل اﺣﻨﺎ ﻛﺪا اﺗﻌﺮﻓﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪورة اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺳﺒﯿﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺒﺴﻂ ﺟﺪا ً ،وﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﯿﻜﻮن
ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯿﻞ اﻛﺘﺮ ﺷﻮﯾﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻲ ﻓﺎت ھﻨﻮﺿﺤﮭﺎ ف ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺒﺴﻂ ﻓﺎﻟﻠﻲ ﺟﺎي ..
-٤ﻗﯿﻮد اﻟﺘﺴﻮﯾﺔ
-٨ﻗﯿﻮد اﻻﻗﻔﺎل
Step 1 :
Analyze Business Transactions
Yes! I need to
record it !
Example :
Step 3 :
Post to Ledger Accounts
Example :
Service
Cash Revenue
$ 5000 $ 13000
$ 1000 $ 1000
Example :
Smart Company
Trial Balance
December 31, 2022
Debits Credits
Cash $ 9000
Accounts receivable 4000
Supplies 1500
Accounts payable $ 2000
Common stock 5000
Dividends 500
Service revenue 14000
Supplies expense 500
Salaries and wages expense 4500
Utilities expense 1000
$21000 $21000
Example :
Supplies
Supplies Expense
Example :
Smart Company
Adjusted Trial Balance
December 31, 2020
Debits Credits
Cash $ 9000
Accounts receivable 4000
Supplies 750
Accounts payable $ 2000
Common stock 5000
Dividends 500
Service revenue 14000
Supplies Expense 1250
Salaries and Wages Expense 4500
Utilities Expense 1000
$ 21000 $ 21000
Financial Statements
Income Statement
Retained Earnings
Statement
Balance Sheet
Statement of Cash
Flows
Smart Company
Post-Closing Trial Balance
December 31, 2020
Debits Credits
Cash $ 9000
Accounts receivable 4000
Supplies 750
Accounts Payable $ 2000
Common stock 5000
Retained Earnings 6750
13750 13750