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INTRODUCTION
Rusting is an interaction of iron in air and water produces rust. The Oxygen
present in the air form a powdered substance called rust. The rust is a red-orange flaky
substance and the phenomenon of the formation of rust is called rusting, it is an oxidation
process, and is more likely to occur on the metal surface. If a person gets a deep wound
from a rusty metal, it gives the person tetanus. According to Everyday Health (2021) in
recent years, tetanus has been fatal approximately 11 percent of the reported cases. Not
only rusting can kill you, but it also gives you problems about your home maintenance,
according D&D Coatings (2014) iron based metals/roofs and frequent exposure of rain
(Bassela rubra linn). Alugbati in native terms in habits a watery surface in wetlands.
Nightshade family has ninety genera and two thousand six hundred species. The
Researchers are curious to see if alugbati seed extract can be an alternative rust remover,
because according to GovPH (2020) alugbati has great number of antioxidants such as
lutein and beta carotene. Since alugbati has great number of antioxidants we the
researchers are eager to see if alugbati seed extract can be use as an alternative rust
remover and also to replace the poisonous commercial rust removers. 1. How effective is
the alugbati seed extract as an alternative rust remover. 2. What’s the difference between
The primary aim of this study is to find out if alugbati extract can remove rust, it
Find out if the amount of alugbati seed extract will affect the visibility of
rust.
Find out if the acidity of alugbati seed extract will also affect the visibility
of rusts.
● Does the amount of alugbati seed extract affect the removal of rust?
● Does the acidity of alugbati seed extract also affect the removal of rust?
as an alternative rust remover. This kind of rust remover is very useful especially to those
People who does’nt want to pay high prices for roof repairs, since it lessens the cost of
buying new roofs, and it also gives opportunity to other alternatives like our alugbati seed
extract rust remover. And our alternative seed extract helps the environment because it is
organic, while those other rust removers contain different substances that is really
poisonous such as; Chelating agents, hydrocarbons, hydrochloric acid, nitrates and many
more. Many alugbati or some other fruits that is wasted everywhere so instead of
throwing it away, why not convert it to a natural rust remover for those rusty roofs. And
importantly, these study also gives new contribution not just to the economy but also to
Hypothesis
Ho
The acidity of the alugbati seed extract is not related to the visibility of
rust.
rust.
This Science Investigatory Project is limited only to the effects of the Alugbati
extract as the alternative rust remover. The researchers use a rusty roof metals in testing
each set up that they prepared and scrub it fifteen times. This study is conducted in
Almeria National High School an unused working phone in testing the setups and
charging is limited to five minutes. This study is conducted in Almeria National High
School in Poblacion, Almeria, Biliran, this study started at the 9th of October. This is for
the purpose to know the effectiveness of starfruit juice powered portable power bank in
Alugbati – is also know as Malabar Spinach and is used in this study as a extract for our
alternative rust remover. This fruit is known for its ovate heart shaped and purplish
color.
Mortar and pestle – is a set of two simple tools used from the Stone Age to the present
day to prepare ingredients or substance by crushing and grinding them into a fine paste or
Rust – A reddish- or yellowish-brown flaky coating of iron oxide that is formed on iron
Rusting - is the interaction of iron with air and water produces rust.
(A.C. Zamubec 2021) in this study about alugbati is said that this alugbati which
has many nutrients for our health and being applied to the way that will belp many
children and those nutrients will help everday cause buying vitamin everyday will not
( A.E Gian Carlo et.al 2020) in this research Gian Carlo and his co-researchers
make ituse of Citrofortunella Microcarpa Rind Extract As Plant Derived Green Corrosion
Inhibitor For Mild Steel in 10M Hcl to know if calamansi has a good inhibition property
and Gian and his co-researchers studied the solution using the weight -loss method ,
electrochemical method, and SEM-EDX analysis. And the measurements that shows in
Gian study shows that the calamansi peel has a good inhibition properties. And the
weight -loss test that they made suggest that inhibitive efficiency increase as the
Concentration increases. They also found out that the absorption stabilize at 72 hours
and degrades at longer emersion times. Gian find out that the decreasing extent of
Corrosion attack on the mild steel is the increasing ratio of inhibitor and they found out
they the EDX analysis shows that the reduction of formation of the corrosion products,
that lead to the suggesting the formation of the inhibitor film on the mild steel surface.
The researchers found out that the calamansi peel can be a good inhibitor for mild steel.
(B.Nazanin et.al 2016) Nazanin And his co-researchers study all about the effect
of orange peel extract on the corrosion of mild steel in 1M HCL solution. And the results
shows that GC-MS analysis 1 ul of the orange peel extract was analyzed by GC-MS.
Nazanin and his co-researchers programmed to hold the oven temperature as 35⁰C
ramped at 5⁰C min-1 and Nazanin and his co-researchers adjust to 150⁰C for 5 minutes
and that the carrier of gas was he with (99.999%). And Nazanin know that the result
shows that in his analysis with the high probability of 70%. Nazanin also concluded that
metal surface and block the metal sites. And Nazanin also use potentiodynamic
polarization curves for the mild steel in 1 M HCl at 25⁰C and use it in the absent and
present also of the various concentration (0/1- 0/5%w/v) of the orange SK in extract at
298K. And Nazanin concluded that the orange peel extracts (OPE) acts as a bio inhibitor
for mild steel corrosion in HCl solution. And they didn’t out that inhibition efficiency
increases with the increase in the concentration of (OPE). And the inhibitor efficiencies
determined by electrochemical polarization and EIS methods they use are in good
agreement.
(B. Qualid et.al 2013) the research is all about the green corrosion inhibitor:
inhibitive action of tannin extract of Chamaerops humilis plant for the corrosion of mild
steel in 0.5M H2SO4 is studied by Qualid and his team. And they found out that the
inhibition efficiency increases with LF-Ch extract concentration. And Qualid observe the
synergistic effect between Kl and the extract with optimum concentration of 100 mg/L
LF-Ch extract+0.025% potassium iodide. And researcher suggest that the Presence of
iodide ions in the solution increases the surface converage. And they know that the
adsorption of the LF-Ch extract on the mild steel in the medium leads to the formation of
the protective film which grows thickness and effectiveness with increasing exposure
time.
(C. Hui et.al 2013) Hui and his research team is studying about the corrosion
inhibition of mid steel by aloes extract in HCI solution medium. His research team study
is using the weight loss methods and the potentiodynamic polarization and
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. And they find out that the result
shows that the inhibition efficiency increases with the increase of extract concentration.
Hui also knew that the effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in
IMHCI with addition of extract is also studied by the researchers. Hui and his research
team also study the adsorption of the extract molecules on the steel surface obeys
Langmuir adsorption isotherm and occurs spontaneously. And also, Hui states that the
activation energy as weel as other thermodynamic parameters for the inhibition process
was also calculated. And in the end hui and his research team know that these
thermodynamic parameters shows strong interaction between inhibition and mild steel
surface.
(G.Huajing et.al 2020) huajing research focus in the synthesis and application of
carboxyethelthoisuccinic acid (CETSA) by the thiol ene reaction and they determine it by
those various characterization methods that they use such as 1H, NMR, IR and TG.
Huajing and his research team prepare the CETSA as their novel of rust remover with a
corrosion inhibition and as their main component.And the researchers tested the result by
different methods and intuitive comparison methods. Huajing find outs that the corrosion
inhibition effect of the composite reagent for A3 steel in 1 M HCI solution was
investigated and they use the static weight loss test and calculated the absorption
isotherm and wa calculated and fitted, and researcher know that CETSA wa synthesis as
their novel rust remover from the metals surface through penetration and chelation.And
the researcher finally know that these CETSA is an excellent rust removal performance,
and it also protects the metal from corrosion by forming the adsorption membrane.
(M.N. Kikkeri et. al 2012) kikkeri study is all about cantella asiantica as green
corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4. In their research study they study the
their results of the experiment shows that the plant cantella asiantica can be an effective
rust remover.
(M. Ntsieni et.al 2022) studies the suracane bagasse and orange peels as low-cost
biosorbents for the removal of lead ions from contaminated water samples. As the
efficiencies of Pb(II) at Ph 7, for SCB and OPS individually and a homogeneous mixture
was 60,120 and 12o min, respectively and as the study continue it also revealed that the
optimum biosorbent dosage was 0.2, 0.17, and 0.2g for SCB and OPS (1:1). And the
optimum experimental conditions could also achieve up to 100% removal efficiencies for
10 and 20mg/L of Pb(ll) using SCB and OPS and they fint out that the potential of the
and after running many tests they found out that sugarcane can be an alternative rust
remover.
(N. Tatsuya et.al 2022) Tatsuya research is all about combined used of reducing agent
and biodegradable chelating agent for iron rust removal. And because we all know that
now a day those rust removers were made from chemical, so they study it. And tatsuya
and his team investigated the effect of the chelating agent using the phenanthroline
absorption measurement method, as they result revealed that the reduce irons ions were
dissolve by the chelating agent. And tatsuya cleaning test prove that tetrasodium 3-
(R.C Janaina et.al 2014) this research is all about aqueous extract of mango and orange
peel as green inhibitors for carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solution. As the researchers
go further to their study about these topics, they find out that the inhibition efficiency
increased as the extract concentration increase also over a concentration range of 200-600
mg L-1, varying from 79 t0 96% (mango) and 84 to 91% (orange) using Tafel plots and
using electrochemical impedance from 69 to 94% (mango) and 76 to 90% orange. And
the researchers in the presence of 400 mg L-1 of mango and orange peel extracts, and in
the weight loss measurements showed and increase to the inhibition efficiency with
emission were 97% and 95%. And janaina found out that the adsorption isotherm with
the extraction produce use in this work, that mango and orange peel extract can be a good
CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the methods used in the conduct of the study, it
describes and tackled the research design and data gathering procedure.
Research Design
which is the blueprint of the procedures. Using this research design researchers can easily
test the hypothesis by reaching those valid conclusions and relationships between
independent and dependent variables and can easily make those results valid and
supported. The researchers prepare and conduct three different set ups and each set ups
will be conducted three times so that researchers can record data that are more valid,
The researchers finished their experiments and they used the following materials,
three spray bottles, one graduated cylinder,one pH meter, three cuts of Rusty roof metals
(8 by 8) and also they used the alugbati Seeds Extract they collected from sabang naval
biliran . And the researchers cutted three squares of Rusty roof metals and used a pair of
gloves and cutting pliers when they cut the rusty rooff metals and they uextracted the
alugbati Seeds and used mortar and pestle and the researchers used cloth and strainer to
strained it, and used graduated cylinder and beaker and measured the extract they
gathered and researcher also used pH meter and measured the acidity of the extract, and
the researchers transferred the extract to a spray bottles and labeled them from the lowest
acidity to the highest acidity level. And the researchers started to applied the extract to
the rusty roof metals and emptied each bottles and used steel brushes and scrubbed it 15
times and repeated the process 3 times. And researchers had finished the experiment and
Researchers measeured the alugbati seeds extract and used the followind materials, three
spray bottles, one graduated cylinder, one mortar and pestle, three steel brushes,
three cut rusty metal roofs (8 by 8) and one tape measure, cutting plier, and lastly
a pair of gloves.
Statistical Treatment of Data
acidity and amount (volume) to the visibility of rust, hence, they’re deemed to utilize
dependent variables to determine the significant levels. And the formula is used to
CHAPTER III
Results from measuring and testing our very own design of a rust remover in the three
trials which are presented in tabular forms. Furthermore, it shows the discussions that
Setups Qualitative description of the result after scrubbing the rusty roof
ACIDIC Small amount of the There are no rust that The rusty roof did not
are removed
NEUTRA The color did not There are rust that had Small grams of rust are
been removed
BASE There are lot of rust There are no rust that Small amount of rust
removed
The contingency table above shows the qualitative data of acidity that researcher
Setups
15ml There are stain and the shows that there are It shows that there are no
rust that are being no rust that are being rust that are being removed
10ml The color did not The result shows that The treatment shows that
change and there there are no rust that there are no rust that are
removed
5ml The are not After scrubbing there It shows that there are rust
removed after are no rust that are that are removed after
This chapter presents the data and observations obtained from the experimentation.
Results from measuring and testing our alternative alugbati extract as rust remover, in the
three trials which are represented im tabular forms. Furthermore, it shows the discussions
The table above shows the battery percentage and average baterry
percentage gained after 5 minutes in 3 trials using different maturity of starfruit in two
setups. As observed, green mature starfruit setup (Setup A) has greater average battery
percentage gained than ripe starfruit setup (Setup B) with 1% difference. The results
mean that in three trials of both setups, Setup A was more effective than Setup B in
12. 25
Green Mature 12. 29 amperes 12. 21 amperes 12.26 amperes
amperes
The table above states that between the green mature starfruits and ripe starfruits,
green mature ones conducts greater electric current from three trials to its mean. And
means that between two maturities electric current flows more in the green mature one.
Ripe 2.5 V
The table shows the same measured voltages from different maturities for all
measurement that was made in the experimentation. It means that for both maturities,
they have the same electric potential or force to move electric currents.
The data table above shows the difference in pH level between two maturities of
starfruit based on color testing using a plant indicator. The data collected stated and
concluded that green mature starfruits are more acidic than ripe starfruits because of
The tests for the efficiency of starfruit juice powered portable power bank system
in charging a phone conducted on December 1, 2019. As you can see in the data tables, in
setup A, battery percentage gained was 3%, 4%, 4% with mean of 3.67% while setup B,
battery percentage gained was 3%, 2%, 3% with mean of 2.67%. Having a 1% difference
between the percentages transferred to the battery. Some data also states greater electric
current and higher acidity of green mature starfruits than ripe ones even though voltages
of both maturities are the same. Which states that the significant relationship between ph
We, the researchers can say that the results supported the efficiency of this power
CHAPTER IV
Summary
The study focused on measuring the battery percentage of the phone’s battery
using the designed power bank system. Moreover, it also aimed to find out thee
significant relationships of the battery and maturity of fruit, also with the acidity or pH
level in charging. So researchers were deemed to answer the queries of their research,
In the experimentation, two setups were tested in three trials comparing two
different maturities of starfruit, green mature and ripe, with some additional
investigations like measuring of pH level, voltage, and electric current. Results were
recorded and compared. The findings stated that green mature ones are more acidic
because of darker red shade, it has greater average electric current, and the same voltage
with all that of ripe starfruits, and using it transfer average battery percentage of 3.67%
while in ripe ones with mean of 2.67%. And so conclusions were drawn.
Conclusions
Based on the arrived results and findings, we concluded that the designed starfruit
powered portable power bank system is effective in charging. Derived from the
investigation, researchers inferred that it’s possible to create portable power bank system
powered by starfruit juice, higher acidity means greater electrical energy transfer to
battery, charging speed rate depend on lower pH level of the starfruit, and significant
changes in the battery can be observed in green mature ones because it’s more acidic.
Recommendations
For future researchers who will be trying this experiment, the researchers should
have the proper equipment in doing the experimentation and highly recommend to use
unused working phone in testing the efficiency for it may damage the phone’s battery
because no further investigations were made to record the battery’s charging activity
level. And for future researches to be made, instead of using starfruit as main variable,
investigators can use other variables with high acidity to power up this power bank
system.
LITERATURE CITED
Alay (2014), How make electrical energy from starfruit (Avverhoa bilimbi)?
http://energyonearth.blogspot.com/2012/03/how-make-electrical-energy-
from.html
Borel et al. (2014) Averrhoa carambola: A Renewable Source of Oxalic Acid for
the Facile and Green Synthesis of Divalent Metal (Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, and Cu)
Oxalates and Oxide Nanoparticles,
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jac/2014/767695/
Deziel, Chris (2018) Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, Why Do Citrus Fruits
Produce Electricity? https://sciencing.com/do-citrus-fruits-produce-electricity-
5167602.html
Kaupenjohann, M. et al. (2016) Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1989, How to
create electricity from lemon,
https://www.education.com/science-fair/article/lemon-power/
PERSONAL DATA
Birthdate : December 14, 2007
Birthplace : Poblacion, Almeria, Biliran
Sex : Male
Height : 165 cm.
Weight : 45 kg.
Religion : Roman Catholic
Citizenship : Filipino
Father’s Name : Eugenio S. Caparro
Mother’s Name : Aurora T. Caparro
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Secondary : Almeria National Highschool 2022-2023
( Special Science Class)
Almeria, Biliran Province
Academic Honors Received: With High Honor
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
Birthdate : October 08, 2005
Birthplace : Ternate, Cavite
Sex : Female
Height : 164 cm.
Weight : 40 kg.
Religion : Roman Catholic
Citizenship : Filipino
Father’s Name : Paulito M. Congcong
Mother’s Name : Maritess A. Congcong
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Secondary : Almeria National Highschool 2017-2021
( Special Science Class)
Almeria, Biliran Province
Academic Honors Received: With Honor
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
Birthdate : January28, 2008
Birthplace :
Sex : Male
Height :
Weight :
Religion : Iglesia Filipina Indepiendente
Citizenship : Filipino
Father’s Name : Jr. Toting Sabordo Gabing
Mother’s Name : Marieta S. Gabing
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Secondary : Almeria National Highschool 2022-2023
( Special Science Class)
Almeria, Biliran Province
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
Birthdate : October 30, 2008
Birthplace : Cabucgayan, Biliran
Sex : Female
Height : 153 cm.
Weight : 41
Religion : Roman Catholic
Citizenship : Filipino
Father’s Name : Roy Basil Trinidad
Mother’s Name : Maricris Trinidad
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Secondary : Almeria National Highschool 2022-2023
( Special Science Class)
Almeria, Biliran Province
CURRICULUM VITAE
DOROTHY B. DEBUQUE
Brgy. Sabang,Naval, Biliran Province, Philippines
Mobile Phone #: 09562846811
E-mail: debuquedorothy22@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA
Birthdate :September 7,2008
Birthplace : Manila Provincial Hospital
Sex : Female
Height : 156 cm
Weight : 44 kg
Religion : Roman Catholic
Citizenship : Filipino
Father’s Name : Eric H. Debuque
Mother’s Name : Littyminda J. Bout
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Secondary : Almeria National Highschool 2020-2023
( Special Science Class)
Almeria, Biliran Province
CURRICULUM VITAE
NOVA R. LUMAGSAO
Sitio Pitoguhan, Brgy. Jamorawon , Almeria, Biliran Province, Philippines
Mobile Phone #: 0912-079-5944
E-mail: lumagsaonova@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA
Birthdate : November 17, 2007
Birthplace : RHU Almeria
Sex : Female
Height : 154 cm.
Weight : 40 kg
Religion : Roman Catholic
Citizenship : Filipino
Father’s Name : Jun S. Lumagsao Sr.
Mother’s Name : Annalie R. Lumagsao
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Secondary : Almeria National Highschool 2020-2023
(Special Science Class)
Almeria, Biliran Province
Academic Honors Received: With Honors
PERSONAL DATA
Sex : Female
Weight : 50 kg
Citizenship : Filipino
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Secondary : Almeria National Highschool 2020-2023
(Special Science Class)
Almeria, Biliran Province
Academic Honors Received: With Honor