NS5e RW4 SB AK

NorthStar 4 Student Book Answer Key
Reading & Writing
UNIT 1 Tammet’s banged his head on wall

VOCABULARY childhood epileptic fit
took medication —had to visit
2, page 5
hospital regularly
1. estimate 7. predictable loved counting + doing math
2. compensate 8. interaction problems
3. retain 9. astonishing teased at school
4. anxious 10. savant
Tammet today works as math tutor
5. flexible 11. benefit
lives with parents
6. disabled 12. image
hangs out with friends on the
TAKE NOTES, page 6 church quiz team
Main Ideas Details MAIN IDEAS

Tammet is good started after epileptic fit at 2, page 10
at math and age 3 1. b 4. c
counting. obsessed with counting—even 2. c 5. b
counts stitches 3. a 6. b
figures out cube roots quickly
sees numbers as shapes DETAILS, page 11
colors and textures
MATH Daniel can ability
Tammet is an extraordinary mental abilities
calculate cube
autistic savant. most struggle with language—
roots faster than a
not Daniel
calculator.
created own language
speaks 8 languages Daniel can multiply ability
incredible memory 377 × 795 in his
head.
Tammet is can’t:
technically - make eye contact Daniel doesn’t disability
disabled. -g o to beach b/c must count go to the beach
stones because there are
- drive too many pebbles
- tell right from left to count.
- work 9−5 The thought of disability
- supermarket is challenging a mathematical
-m ust retain sense of problem with
control—do things in a no solution
certain order makes Daniel
Met Kim Peek share: uncomfortable.
- love of books LANGUAGE Daniel has ability
- love of dates invented his own
- learned “everybody is language.
different” Daniel is able to ability
read a lot of books.
Daniel speaks ability
seven languages.
NorthStar Reading & Writing 4 Student Book Answer Key | © 2020 by Pearson Education, Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use.
NorthStar Reading & Writing 4 Student Book Answer Key
MEMORY Daniel can recall pi ability 2. Answers may vary. Suggested answers:
to 22,514 decimal 1. For years, I have preached the importance of
points. hard work, determination, persistence, and
practice—make that perfect practice—as
Daniel can easily ability
key ingredients of success. A nifty new book
remember key
seems to support my theory.
dates in history.
2. Malcolm Gladwell has written a fascinating
SOCIAL Daniel feels disability study, Outliers: The Story of Success (Little,
INTERACTION uncomfortable in Brown & Co.), which should make a lot of
the supermarket. people feel much better about not achieving
It is hard for Daniel disability instant success. In fact, he says it takes about
to socialize with 10 years, or 10,000 hours, of practice to
anyone outside his attain true expertise.
family. 3. “The people at the very top don’t just work
Daniel has trouble disability harder or even much harder than everyone
making eye else,” Gladwell writes. “They work much,
contact. much harder.” Achievement, he says, is talent
NEED FOR Daniel must drink disability plus preparation. Preparation seems to play a
ORDER his tea at exactly bigger role.
the same time 4. For example, he describes the Beatles: They
every day. had been together seven years before their
Daniel always has disability famous arrival in America. They spent a lot
to brush his teeth of time playing in strip clubs in Hamburg,
before he showers. Germany, sometimes for as long as eight
hours a night. Overnight sensation? Not
MAKE INFERENCES, page 12 exactly. Estimates are the band performed
1,200 times before their big success in 1964.
Answers may vary. Suggested answers:
By comparison, most bands don’t perform
1. Others didn’t think that Daniel was a normal 1,200 times in their careers.
person. They viewed him as some sort of 5. Neurologist Daniel Levitin has studied the
oddity. formula for success extensively and shares
2. Others think that only people who are this finding: “The emerging picture from
handicapped or have disabilities are different. such studies is that 10,000 hours of practice
3. Other people probably think that numbers is required to achieve the level of mastery
cannot be your friends since they are not alive. associated with being a world-class expert in
4. Other people probably assume that Daniel’s anything. In study after study of composers,
relationship to numbers is strange. basketball players, fiction writers, ice skaters,
5. Other people might expect Daniel to be able concert pianists, chess players, master
to follow a schedule. criminals, and what have you, the number
comes up again and again. Of course, this
NOTE-TAKING SKILL, page 15 doesn’t address why some people get more
1. “The people at the very top don’t just work out of their practice sessions than others
harder or even much harder than everyone do. But no one has yet found a case in which
else,” Gladwell writes. “They work much, much true world-class expertise was accomplished
harder.” “Achievement,” he says, “is talent plus in less time. It seems it takes the brain this
preparation.” Preparation seems to play a long to assimilate all that it needs to know to
bigger role. achieve true mastery.”
6. Two computer giants, Bill Joy, who co- level of mastery associated with being a world-
founded Sun Microsystems, and Bill Gates, class expert in anything.
co-founder of Microsoft, also were proof of 4. Levitin believes success takes so long to
the 10,000-hour theory. achieve because it seems it takes the brain this
7. As Gladwell puts it, “Practice isn’t the thing long to assimilate all that it needs to know to
you do once you’re good. It’s the thing you do achieve true mastery.
that makes you good.”
8. Consider these thoughts from successful READING SKILL
folks in all walks of life: 2, page 16
9. • “No one can arrive from being talented 1. “I memorized pi to 22,514 decimal places,
alone. God gives talent; work transforms and I am technically disabled. I just wanted
talent into genius.”—Anna Pavlova, to show people that disability needn’t get in
ballerina. the way.”
10. • “I know the price of success: dedication, 2. “There’s too much mental stimulus. I have
hard work and an unremitting devotion to to look at every shape and texture. Every
the things you want to see happen.”—Frank price and every arrangement of fruit and
Lloyd Wright, architect. vegetables. So instead of thinking, ‘What
11. • “ The way to learn to do things is to do cheese do I want this week?’, I’m just really
things. The way to learn a trade is to work uncomfortable.”
at it. Success teaches how to succeed. Begin 3. “We shared so much—our love of key dates
with the determination to succeed, and the from history, for instance. And our love of
work is half done already.”—Mark Twain, books. . . . I’ve read more books than anyone
writer and humorist. else I know, so I was delighted when Kim
12. Do you detect a theme here? wanted to meet in a library.” “He is such a
13. The abilities these people possessed were lovely man,” “Kim says, ‘You don’t have to be
far-ranging, yet the formula for success was handicapped to be different—everybody’s
the same: hard work and lots of it. I don’t different.’ And he’s right.”
know anyone who has succeeded any other 4. “When I looked at the numbers I ‘saw’ images.
way. Some people just make it look easy. Of It felt like a place I could go where I really
course, you probably didn’t see the first 9,999 belonged.”
hours of hard work. And you don’t just have
to work hard; you have to work smart, too. CONNECT THE READINGS
14. Mackay’s Moral: Some people dream ORGANIZE, page 18
about success, and others wake up and do
R1: “Genius” may be the result of brain chemistry
something about it.
(para 4); Special talents can also cause problems
COMPREHENSION, page 15 (paras 7−8); A person can be a genius and also be
disabled (para1)
1. According to Gladwell, achievement is talent
Both: “Genius” is being studied by scientists R1,
plus preparation. Preparation seems to play a
para 4; R2, para 4)
bigger role.
R2: People at the top (experts) work harder than
2. The Beatles were different from most other
other people (para 3); Genius = talent + hard work
bands because they worked harder and had
(para 9); Expertise requires a lot of practice (paras
more preparation.
5 & 13)
3. Daniel Levitin says about success that 10,000
hours of practice is required to achieve the
REVIEW, page 19 3. According to Gladwell, it requires at least

1. interaction 7. benefit 10,000 hours to transform talent into
2. assimilate 8. emerging expertise.
3. astonishing 9. anxious 4. A lack of structure can make Daniel Tammet
4. transform 10. compensate anxious.
5. predictable 11. disabled 5. Social interaction is difficult for many people
6. expertise Bonus Word: persistence with ASD.
6. Brain scans of autistic savants suggest the
EXPAND right hemisphere might compensate for
1, page 20 damage to the left.
7. Autistic savants can usually retain large
Noun Verb Adjective Adverb amounts of information without a problem.
prediction predict predictable predictably 8. Daniel Tammet memorized pi to 22,514
estimate estimate estimated X decimal places to show people that, although
astonishment astonish 1. astonishing astonishingly he technically has a disability, it doesn’t stop
2. astonished
him from being successful.
anxiety X anxious anxiously
flexibility flex flexible flexibly GRAMMAR
interaction interact interactive interactively
1, page 22
transformation transform 1. transformable X
a. He had his first seizure.
2. transformative X
b. Yes.
3. transformed
c. His living with a family in France
retainment retain retainable X
d. The past perfect tense, before, when, by the
benefit benefit beneficial X
time, already, just
disability disable disabled X
1. expertise X expert expertly
2, page 24
2. expert
assimilation assimilate assimilated X
1. 2,1 5. 1,2 9. 2,1
2. 2,1 6. 2,1 10. 2,1
emergence emerge emerging X
3. 2,1 7. 1,2
persistence persist persistent persistently
4. 1,2 8. 2,1
compensation compensate X
3, page 25
2, page 20
1. transformative 6. anxiety
2. flexibility 7. estimate 2. he had already started secondary school.
3. predictable 8. compensation 3. Daniel had started school.
4. persist 9. interaction 4. he had already published his memoir, Born on
5. expertise 10. emerge a Blue Day.
5. he had broken the record for memorizing pi.
CREATE, page 21 6. Answers may vary.
Answers may vary. Suggested answers: 7. Answers may vary.
8. Answers may vary.
1. Because I know Daniel Tammet well, how
9. Answers may vary.
he will react in certain situations is very
predictable.
2. Many people who suffer from ASD are not
flexible.
WRITE 6. The book that Kim Peek was reading before he

1, page 27 met Daniel Tammet at the library was about
autistic savants throughout history.
1. Autistic savants
7. Many competitors prepare by practicing as much
2. Autistic savants have specific abilities or skills,
as 10 hours a day before the math competition.
and they have certain limitations in other
areas of life.
3. All sentences relate to the ideas in the topic UNIT 2
sentence by explaining and giving examples to VOCABULARY
illustrate
2, page 35
2, page 28 1. misery 7. humiliated
1. b 2. meager 8. poverty
2. a 3. shame 9. abandoned
3. c 4. defeated 10. hopelessness
5. yearned for 11. curious
3, page 28 6. tormented
PREVIEW, page 35
1. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was considered a 1. Suggested answer: He found a place to live
genius because of his many musical talents and started a new life in America. He went to
and abilities. school to study teaching.
2. Scientists debate the question of nature 2. Suggested answer: He was probably nervous
versus nurture and the role that each play in because it was his first teaching job and one
human development. of the students was misbehaving. He also may
3. Malcolm Gladwell is a talented author who has have still been nervous about being new to
published a number of non-fiction bestsellers. America.
3. Answers will vary: The student threw a
REVISE sandwich at another student. McCourt might
1, page 29 yell, send the student to the principal’s office,
b call his parents.
2, page 30 TAKE NOTES, page 35

1. F 5. F
Main Ideas Details
2. C 6. F
3. F 7. F Frank McCourt— 1958—McKee Voc.Tech. HS
1st day teaching recent NYU grad—English
4. C 8. C
nervous—knows he must
3, page 30 control class
Answers may vary. Suggested answers: 30 years working Unconventional teacher
@ HSs in NYC
1. Autistic savants have many extraordinary skills
McCourt’s Deprived childhood food
and abilities.
childhood (Teacher not wasted
3. Before Daniel received his counting book
Man) Poverty, hardship
when he was four years old, he had shown no
Parent moved from Ireland
interest in mathematics.
to NYC
5. Because Dr. Levitin says that at least 10,000
• Little money
hours of practice are needed to achieve
• Sibling dies
success, many people never reach success.
Return to Ireland MAIN IDEAS

• Cold 2, page 39
• Hungry
1930 Frank McCourt born in Brooklyn,
• Sick
New York.
• More siblings die
• Mother, Angela depressed 1934 Sister Margaret dies, and Frank
• Father abandons family McCourt’s family returned to Ireland.
McCourt is Inquisitive/curious 1949 Frank McCourt returned to New York.
determined to Mikey = friend with books 1951 He is drafted into Army and goes to
succeed Typhoid fever reads 3½ Korean War.
months in hospital 1958 He gets first teaching job, at McKee.
Interest in writing 1972 He starts teaching at elite Stuyvesant HS.
• Reads & writes for 1996 He publishes Angela’s Ashes.
neighbors to make money
2009 He dies.
• Saves money buys
ticket to NYC DETAILS, page 39
NYC 1949 No HS degree menial jobs Answers may vary. Suggested answers:
(janitor)
Army—Korean Exposure to professional life 1934 Event: Sister The McCourts wanted a
War 1951 • Clerk Margaret dies, and better life, so they returned
• Decides to be teacher Frank McCourt’s to Ireland. Irish family
Back in NYC Graduates from NYU family returns to didn’t welcome them. Their
• Still working menial jobs Ireland. life was still very hard. Two
• Low self-esteem other children died. The
Decides to start Uses stories of his family remained very poor
teaching childhood to get students and very hungry. Father
attention abandoned the family.
Unconventional 1949 Event: McCourt does menial jobs.
Taught at McKee and 5 Frank returns to
other NYC HSs NYC
Stuyvesant HS Elite 1951 Event: He sends money home to
1972 Known as best teacher for Drafted into Army mom. He decides he wants
writers—“dance your dance, and goes to Korean to be a teacher.
tell your tale” War
Angela’s Ashes Retires 1958 Event: He is an inexperienced,
Follows his own advice First teaching job, at unconventional teacher.
Tells childhood story McKee
2 more memoirs and a film 1972 Event: He becomes one of the
follows Starts teaching at most popular teachers.
McCourt dies Melanoma elite Stuyvesant HS Aspiring writers are urged
2009 Moving tributes to take his class.
• Friends 1996 Event: It describes his childhood.
• Family Publishes Angela’s It becomes a runaway
• Students Ashes bestseller. It wins the
• Fans Pulitzer and the National
NYC HS named after him Book Critics Circle Awards.
2009 Event: His ashes are scattered ORGANIZE, page 47

McCourt dies in Limerick. A NYC HS is FRANK MCCOURT (R1)
named for him. 1. poverty, abandonment, having to move from
country to country, lack of education, shame,
MAKE INFERENCES, page 40 little food, wet conditions
1. (the situation) is not as simple as it seems 2. Parents, Mikey Molloy, and Mikey’s father, his
to be students, co-worker in the shipyard
2. remember 3. unconventional approach, curiosity,
3. refusing someone’s request or telling them inquisitiveness, fondness for words, humor
to leave 4. writing, teaching
4. manage with difficulty to live
5. to become successful MARLA RUNYAN (R2)
6. realized or understood 1. blindness, doing schoolwork
7. to think you are more important than you 2. mother
really are 3. self-reliance, pride, feeling accountable for her
8. had exactly the right qualities for a particular success, not asking for special treatment
role, task, or job 4. teaching, public speaking, coaching, writing,
9. share your thoughts becoming an athlete
10. surprised
11. to have more than one set of responsibilities REVIEW, page 48
NOTE-TAKING SKILL, page 44
Answers may vary. Suggested answers: Facing and Dealing with Overcoming
obstacle an obstacle an obstacle
Paragraph 4: What exactly does Marla see?
abandoned accountable defeated
Paragraph 7: What did specialists tell Marla when
defeated curious exalted
she was a child?
hopelessness inquisitive free
Paragraph 8 and 9: How did Marla’s mother help
humiliated laborious pride
her?
give up self-reliance
Paragraph 12: As an adult, what were Marla’s
meager struggle
strengths and weaknesses?
misery yearning for
Paragraph 22: How does Marla feel about
poverty
inspiring others?
shame
COMPREHENSION, page 44 tormented
1. a, b 4. b, c EXPAND, page 49
2. a, c 5. a, b
1. synonym/c 6. synonym/a
3. a, b
2. antonym /a 7. antonym/b
3. synonym/c 8. antonym/a
READING SKILL
4. antonym/b 9. synonym/c
2, pages 46 5. synonym/b
1. indistinct shapes 5. mercy
2. given 6. extremely difficult GRAMMAR
3. complete 7. someone else’s fault 1, page 50
4. felt free
1. teaching
2. writing about his childhood
3. reading kayaking, was born with a serious disability.

4. the base form of the verb + ing He had clubfoot: his toes pointed inward,
5. to give up and as a result, he could not walk easily.
6. New York University, to enroll Even after a series of operations, he still had
7. to write limited mobility. Even so, Greg was never
8. to inspire defeated. First, he taught himself to walk, and
9. to + the base form of the verb even to run. Then, he competed on his high
school running team. He knew, though, he
2, page 52 would never become an Olympic runner, so
a. Doing, 1 f. to be defined, 4a he looked for other sports that he could play.
b. to run, 6 g. to write, 5 Happily, he discovered kayaking, a perfect
c. not going, 2 h. Recounting, 1 sport for him because it required minimal
d. to compete, 5 i. writing, 3 leg and foot muscles. Using his upper body
e. to describe, 4c j. to write, 4b strength, he was able to master the sport.
Finally, after many years of training and
3, page 52 perseverance, Greg made the 1984 Olympic
Answers may vary. Suggested answers: team.
These sentences tell how Greg Barton
1. After his mother died, McCourt felt free to
overcame his obstacles and benefited by
write his memoirs.
overcoming them.
2. Marla needs to train many months for a
4. The concluding sentence is: In short, even
marathon.
though that road was paved with obstacles, he
3. McCourt persuaded Mikey to lend him a book.
was able to overcome them and achieve the
4. Marla enjoys inspiring others.
impossible.
5. McCourt’s mother worried about feeding her
It summarizes the paragraph.
children.
6. The boy’s mother decided to let him REVISE
skateboard.
2, page 57
7. McCourt’s coworker urged him to become a
teacher. 1. a, b
8. It is hard for Marla to see the words on a 2. a, b
computer screen. 3. a, c
9. McCourt recalled eating his mother’s 4. a, c
breakfast.
2, pages 58
10. Marla was able to graduate from college with
a master’s degree. 1. Cross out: Her mother could her and speak.
Explanation: The sentence forces on her
WRITE mother’s abilities, not Helen’s frustrations.
1, pages 55 2. Cross out: In addition, Marla has become a
bestselling author.
Explanation: This sentence does not focus on
1. Overcoming obstacles is the topic. It is in the
how sports liberated them.
first and third sentences.
3. Cross out: Furthermore, he lived in England.
2. The controlling idea is: the world is full of
Explanation: The sentence focuses on where
people who have overcome obstacles and
Steven Hawking lived, not on overcoming
benefited from overcoming them.
obstacles.
3. Underline: For example, Greg Barton, the
1984, 1988, and 1992 U.S. Olympic medalist in
UNIT 3 MAIN IDEAS

VOCABULARY 2, page 66
2, page 63 Answers may vary. Suggested answers:
1. risk factor 7. consensus
Positive Negative
2. impact 8. advocate
3. potential 9. interpreting I. Can revolutionize I. Emotional and
4. environment 10. reliable medicine Physical Impact
5. interaction 11. linked a. Can prevent a. Positive result can
6. aspects 12. revolutionized diseases rather be shattering for
than just treat patient and family.
TAKE NOTES, page 64 them
Main Ideas Details b. Quality of life is b. Positive result
better can lead to
Genetic testing for Kristen and Nate’s mom
risky, unhealthy
neurodegenerative had Huntington’s
decisions.
disease—like Kristen wants test, Nate—
Huntington’s unsure II. Information is II. Invasion of Privacy
empowering for
Researchers Genetic testing could
patient
identified genes revolutionize medicine
that play roles in a. Can change a. May threaten
diseases lifestyle employment and
b. Can choose insurance
Kristen has Brother
support Father appropriate
Social media treatment plan
Nicola Powers, Symptoms III. Results are not
Kristen’s mom, Learned she inherited it always reliable
diagnosed with from her dad IV. Professional
Huntington’s in Kristen wants test so she interpretation is not
2003 can decide about having required.
children a. Patient may
Emotional impact Some people want to know interpret test
of genetic testing Others don’t results incorrectly.
Not all tests are Some test for one gene, b. There are other
equal others for multiple genes risk factors in
Price—tests from internet addition to genes.
are cheap, but unreliable. . .
others are very expensive DETAILS, pages 67
Interpretation—with or 1. h 5. b 9. g
without help of medical 2. k 6. j 10. i
professional 3. e 7. d 11. f
Ethical issues What if test reveals 4. a 8. c
incidental potential
disease?
MAKE INFERENCES, page 68 COMPREHENSION, page 72

Answers may vary. Suggested answers: Answers may vary. Suggested answers:
Nate, Kristen’s brother: Neutral 1. He was diagnosed with a very serious form of
Kristen’s father: Very Strong arthritis. He decided to fight the disease.
Brenda Finucane: Neutral 2. If negative emotions bring negative changes
Robert Green: Strong to the body, positive emotions should bring
Betsy Bank Saul: Weak positive changes. Laughter has a positive
Ardis Dee Hoven: Strong therapeutic value.
David Agus: Very Strong 3. Watching funny movies and reading funny
books are examples of Laughter Therapy.
4. He was able to overcome his disease.
READING SKILL
2, page 73
Sometime before the summer of 1964: Cousins
NOTE-TAKING SKILL read the work of organic chemist Hans Selye, The
page 71 Stress of Life.
Watched
Concentrated Sleep more
Decided to comedies
on positive
put himself Able to walk
emotions/ Complete
in situation Read funny Pain begins
laughter recovery
that would books to decrease Return to
therapy (+
elicit positive work
medical Other similar Body
emotions
treatment) activities chemistry
improves
Summer 1964: Cousins became ill. 2, page 76

Later in the summer of 1964: Cousins was 1. interaction 5. alternative
diagnosed with a severe form of arthritis and 2. interpret 6. elicit
started his Laughter Therapy program. 3. treatment 7. diagnosis
8 days later: Cousins’ pain decreased, he was 4. disagreement
able to sleep better, and his body chemistry
improved. GRAMMAR
A few months later: Cousins was able to walk 1, page 77
using a brace.
1. Y/Y
Soon after that: Cousins was able to return to
2. N/N
work.
3. Y/Y
A few years later: Cousins reached full recovery.
1990: Cousins died.
2, page 78
ORGANIZE, page 74 1. Y/Y 5. N/Y
2. N/Y 6. Y/Y
Genetic Testing (R1): expensive, used in a
3. N/Y 7. Y/Y
response to potential or existing illness, based
on a cutting-edge science, used to prevent and 4. Y/Y 8. Y/Y
treat, provides information about the body,
3, page 79
results are difficult to interpret and can be
easily misinterpreted, results may involve family 1. If she hadn’t chosen the correct treatment
members plan, she might not have felt better.
Both: new technique, medical choice, does not 2. If Kristen Powers hadn’t always wanted all
have to involve a doctor, is becoming part of the information available, she wouldn’t have
standard medical care chosen to be genetically tested.
Laughter Therapy (R2): little cost, used in response 3. If Norman Cousins hadn’t read The Stress
to existing illness, based on Cousins’ reading of Life, he wouldn’t have had ideas about
about mind-body interaction, used as treatment the mind-body connection when he was
only, changes body chemistry, results are easy to diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis.
interpret, results involve the patient only 4. If Norman Cousins hadn’t tried to cure himself
by using Laughter Therapy, he wouldn’t have
REVIEW, page 75 made a complete recovery.
1. revolutionize 8. consult 5. If David Agus hadn’t found out that he
2. advocates 9. linked was at risk for cardiovascular disease, his
3. potential 10. environment children wouldn’t have made him change
4. risk factors 11. interaction his diet.
5. impact 12. consensus 6. If Kristen’s mom hadn’t contacted her
6. skeptical 13. alternative biological father, she might not have learned
7. reliable 14. conventional that Huntington’s disease ran in their family.
7. If Cousins had been satisfied with his doctor’s
EXPAND treatment plan, he wouldn’t have developed
his own Laughter Therapy treatment.
1, page 76
1. S 6. S 11. S PREPARE TO WRITE, page 81
2. D 7. D 12. D
KNOWLEDGE IS POWER
3. D 8. S 13. S
Change lifestyle
4. D 9. S 14. S
Consider different treatments
5. S 10. D 15. S
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS III. Conclusion

Positive test results may cause feelings of doom
Restate the Thesis: If we, as a society, truly believe
that genetic testing has more benefits than
MISINTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
negative effects, it is our responsibility to
Without consultation with doctor, patient may
regulate it, so all testing includes counseling
make incorrect decisions
and interpretation by professionals.
WRITE Final Thought/Wrap Up: Remember, the key is
that to truly be able to make the best medical
1, page 82
choices, medical professionals need to be
Answers may vary. Suggested answers: involved in any decision.
Three Parts of an Essay Notes
REVISE
I. Introduction I. Background
Information: 2, page 84
Thesis Statement: Grandparents suffering Check: 1, 3, 6, 7
From this personal from Huntington’s
perspective, I believe disease
UNIT 4
that home genetic Well educated with
testing should be much master’s degree in VOCABULARY, page 88
more strictly regulated, biology 1. controversy 7. apparently
if not prohibited all 2. category 8. perception
together. 3. behavior 9. unique
II. Body Paragraph 1 II. Body Paragraph 1 4. obvious 10. approach
5. unconscious 11. acquired
Support/Evidence:
6. cognition 12. achieve
Topic: Devastating Coworker’s experience
effects of home -W
ithout professional TAKE NOTES, page 90
genetic testing interpretation led to Main Ideas Details
feelings of impending
Many animals have Forensic dogs:
tragedy extreme perception 3X better than x-ray
-R
etesting by doctor 90% accuracy smelling drugs
led to correct and explosives
medication and
True cognition = Seizure alert dogs:
lifestyle changes
solving problems predict seizures
Body Paragraph 2 Body Paragraph 2 under novel not taught to do this
Support / Evidence: conditions Mrs. Standley’s dogs:
predict 80% of her seizures
Topic: Genetic test - Genetic testing is in
results are not its infancy and even Clever Hans and CH was reading these signs
infallible nor definitive professionals don’t other animals can: CH could only answer
understand interaction see subtle signs questions when:
between genes humans can’t Person asking question knew
answer
- False positives AND
- False negatives was visible
- Environmental factors
Seizure alert dogs Why?
are not taken into
and CH show recognize signs AND act on
account intelligence them
MAIN IDEAS NOTE-TAKING SKILL, page 98

2, page 93 Answers may vary. Suggested answers:
Main Ideas: 2, 5, 8 I IQ by the kilo [Formal]
a. Intelligence measured by brain weight in
DETAILS, page 93 relation to body weight
1. f 5. a b. Humans lead, followed by dolphins
2. c 6. g i. Dolphin intelligence difficult to measure;
3. d 7. e different world, language
4. b ii. H
uman language = strongly linked to
intelligence
MAKE INFERENCES, page 94 c. Difficult to avoid using human traits to
Answers may vary. Suggested answers: measure animal intelligence
Bees smarter than babies? [Informal]
Hedging Reason hedging
language language used Concepts and terms for animal intelligence
Paragraph 4 “apparently”, The predictions borrowed from human psychology
“most” are not proven. It Recent study showed bees with highest learning
is only what Ms. speeds; human infants last of four groups
Standley reports. Researchers conclude learning speed shouldn’t
It is also not clear measure intelligence
whether these
Other scientists say lab tests favorable to bees’
dogs were trained
evolutionary development
as seizure alert
dogs. The use of Difficult to recognize reasoning vs. reflexes vs.
“most’” is vague. instincts; makes test creation challenging
Again, there is no COMPREHENSION, page 99
documentation.
1. b, c 4. b, c
Paragraph 5 “thought” It is based on von 2. a, b 5. b, c
Osten’s belief, not 3. a, c 6. a, b
on proof.
Paragraph 6 “wasn’t Hans was counting READING SKILL
really” but not in the way 2, page 100
people thought he
1. (Paragraph 4) The problem is that we often
was counting.
look for human traits when we study animal
Paragraph 8 “believe”, This is the author’s behavior. But what may be clever for us
“obvious”, opinion and it may needn’t be a viable attribute in other members
“as far as I’m not be shared by of the animal kingdom.
concerned”, everyone. 2. (Paragraphs 16 & 17) The British scientists
“think” point out that the bees beat the babies in
Paragraph 9 “to my This is the author’s a learning test because of the lab-tested
knowledge”, opinion, and she characteristics that bees have been perfecting
(not) admits that it during eons of evolutionary development. In
“hugely”, may be based comparisons of intelligence among species,
“some”, on incomplete it’s hard to avoid dealing Trump cards to one
“think” knowledge. species or another.
3. (Paragraph 20) With more emphasis on a SYNTHESIZE, page 102

bottom-up method, they would study the Answers may vary. Suggested answers:
species’ neural networks in attempts to
perceive what uses these networks can have. Professor: Today, I am talking with two
4. (Paragraph 23) This [investigations of their students who have extensively
brains’ neural circuitry] has contributed studied the work of Temple
toward answering questions about whether Grandin and Gita Simonsen.
some of our human qualities can also exist in They are both especially
other species and help lay the groundwork for interested in the question of
better comparisons. animal intelligence. Student
1, how would Temple Grandin
ORGANIZE, page 101 and Gita Simonsen define
R1 R2 animal intelligence?
What is Using Diverse meanings Student 1 (Temple She might start by saying that
Intelligence? extreme for different Grandin expert): many people confuse extreme
perception to species perception with intelligence.
invent jobs. Many animals have extreme
(Recognizing perception at least compared
something to humans, but that alone
and then doesn’t make them intelligent.
deciding to She believes seizure alert dogs
act.) are a good example of animal
Problems Using human 1. Looking for intelligence because they use
with standards. human traits and their extreme perception to
Assessing (Clever Hans qualities (e.g., the figure out when someone is
Animal can count use of tools) going to have a seizure. This is
Intelligence he is smart; 2. Brain weight of not something they need to do
He is not mammals or have been taught to do, but
really 3. For humans, something that they choose
counting intelligence to do. This is what she thinks
he is a dumb is linked to shows intelligence.
animal) language, but we Student 2 (Gita Ms. Simonsen would definitely
can’tunderstand Simonsen expert): agree that seizure alert dogs
animal language are showing intelligence, but,
(e.g., dolphins). in her opinion, what can be
Other Forensic bees: instinct considered intelligence in
Abilities Vs. dogs: animals differs from species to
Intelligence extreme species.
perception Professor: How do they believe animal
Clever Hans: intelligence can be assessed?
learned Student 1 (Temple Ms. Grandin feels that one
reflexes Grandin expert): problem in assessing animal
intelligence is that we too often
use human standards.
Student 2 (Gita Yes, Ms. Simonsen would agree Student 1 (Temple Temple Grandin believes
Simonsen expert): with that. For example, those Grandin expert): there are sometimes other
animals that are able to imitate explanations. For example, she
human behavior and show feels forensic dogs that work at
human-like traits are thought airports looking for explosives
to be intelligent. or illegal drugs aren’t really
Student 1 (Temple In the case of the “counting” showing intelligence. They are
Grandin expert) horse, Clever Hans, many just using extreme perception
people judged him to be to signal items they have been
intelligent when they thought trained to point out. They don’t
he was able to correctly solve have any idea that these things
mathematical problems. are bad or dangerous, just that
However, as soon as they they are rewarded to find them.
realized that he was getting Student 2 (Gita Yes, similarly, a recent test of
unconscious cues from Simonsen expert): intelligence across species
the audience, then he was (including humans) found bees
considered a “dumb” animal. to be smarter than all other
Temple Grandin wouldn’t species, including humans.
agree with them. She would However, for Ms. Simonsen,
think Clever Hans was showing the explanation might not be
intelligence because he was intelligence, but rather it was
able invent a job for himself. their instinct that allowed them
Student 2 (Gita That’s a good point. However, to outscore everyone on the
Simonsen expert): let me explain one more thing test.
Gita Simonsen has noted about Professor: Thank you both very much.
the problems with assessing I am afraid we have run out
animal intelligence. Because of time. I see that you have
for humans, intelligence is so learned a lot about these two
linked to language, the fact women and their ideas on
that we don’t understand animal intelligence. Thanks
animal language makes it very again.
hard to accurately assess their
intelligence. REVIEW, page 104
Professor: Are all of these apparently READING 1
amazing things that animals 1. achieve assess accomplish attain
are capable of doing really a 2. acquire obtain need gain

sign of intelligence, or are there 3. apparently seemingly allegedly visually
other explanations for their 4. approach method attempt procedure
actions? 5. behavior ability action conduct
6. category section group aspect
7. cognition understanding instinct intelligence
8. controversy consensus disagreement debate
9. obvious clear evident possible
10. perception thought awareness observation
11. unconscious cautious involuntary unintentional
12. unique singular normal solitary
READING 2
13. confront remind challenge present
14. discern differentiate figure out dislike
15. sensory auditory visual habitual
16. trait characteristic path feature
17. viable usable applicable achievable
EXPAND, page 105

1 2 3 4 5 6
Root Meaning Reading and Word Meaning Other Words with
Paragraph The Same Root
1. PSYCH- mind R1—6 psychologist someone who is trained psychic
to study the mind
2. COGNI- know/learn R1—2, 10 cognition; understanding; cognizant
recognizing/ identifying/identify
recognize
R2—3, 13 cognitive relating to thought
3. DICT- say/tell R1—2 predict to say something will dictation

happen
4. ACT- do R1—10 actions something done actor
R2—25 active busy, doing something
5. CEPT- taken R1—2 perceptual relating to perception misconception

R2—14 concepts idea
6. NUMER- number R2—23 numerous many numeral
7. NOV- new R1—2 novel new novice
8. SENS- feeling R1—4 sense feeling about sensible
something
R2 —3 sensory relating to sensation
9. CENT- one hundred R1—3 percent an amount equal to century

a particular number
of parts in every 100
parts
10. SCI- know R1—6 unconscious unintentional scientist
R2—7 sciences study of physical
world
11. NEUR- nerve R2—20 neural of nerves neuron
GRAMMAR WRITE
1, page 106 1, page 111
1. that humans lack 1. Gita Simonsen is the author of the article How
2. a person about to have a seizure Smart are Animals?
3. the afternoon he was able to figure out how 2. Scientists are facing problems in assessing
Clever Hans was able to answer the questions animal intelligence.
4. that, who, when/nouns 3. Tests are based on the animals’ ability to
imitate human behavior, on proportional
2, page 107 brain weight; tests are assumed to be flawed if
1. incorrect/corrections: who/that humans do not come out on top, and the small
2. correct/alternative: in which size of some animal brains makes it hard to
3. incorrect/corrections: which/that study neural pathways.
4. incorrect/correction: whose 4. Simonsen concludes that scientists need to
5. correct/alternative: that develop better tools, methods, and theories
6. correct/alternative: which for comparing the brain skills in different
7. incorrect/corrections: who/that species, but we are well on our way.
8. incorrect/corrections: in which/where
2, page 112
3, page 108 1. a
Answers may vary. Suggested answers: 2. b
3. b
1. Clever Hans was trained by a retired
4. a
schoolteacher who had taught science for
many years.
2. The afternoon when Clever Hans was ready 5. Clever Hans really was intelligent, even if he
to perform in front of an audience was cold couldn’\’t count, because he was able to train
and rainy. himself to appear to count.
3. Binti, the gorilla, is best known for an 6. Animals that recognize things and choose to
amazing incident which/that occurred on act on them are showing true intelligence.
August 16, 1996.
4. I spoke with a man who/that had trained REVISE
dolphins and killer whales. 1, page 114
5. Psychologists study many animals which/that Answers may vary. Suggested answers:
live in zoos.
6. I saw my friend whose dog could predict 1. We shouldn’t just look for human traits
seizures before they started. when studying animal intelligence because
7. We saw the dolphin which/that performed they are not a good indicator of true animal
some spectacular feats. intelligence.
8. The psychologist who developed a new test 2. Bøckman feels that until we can understand
of animal intelligence had studied at the animal language, we cannot assess their
University of Berlin. OR The psychologist intelligence because of the connection for us
who had studied at the University of Berlin between intelligence and language.
developed a new test of animal intelligence. 3. Many studies focusing on the neural circuitry
9. The morning when the dogs saved Mrs. in the brain are helping scientists to better
Standley was sunny and hot. compare traits across species including
10. The contraband which/that was discovered “human-like” traits in animals.
by the forensic dog was in an old brown
suitcase.
UNIT 5 MAIN IDEAS

VOCABULARY, page 118 2, page 123
1. b 5. c 9. b Answers may vary. Suggested answers:
2. a 6. b 10. a Marriage: Marriage is not seen as a lifelong
3. b 7. c 11. b commitment. People assume they will have many
4. c 8. a 12. c marriages to a wide variety of people who will
enhance their lives.
TAKE NOTES, page 120 Family structure/Relationships: Because people
Main Ideas Details live for hundreds of years, there can be 10 or 20
Leo and Marissa M—1st marriage, age 32 generations of the family living at the same time.
L—7th marriage, age 363 Careers: People will change their careers many
times, and their careers will be vastly different.
Longevity: No one seems to know how long the
Marriage and Friend’s shocked, L 10x older human lifespan can be with the Process, but so
Process L—multiple marriages, each far, no one has died in the 400 years since the
30−40 years Process was invented.
L—sweet, kind, loving…
looks young DETAILS, page 124
faithful to Process Answers may vary. Suggested answers:
Disadvantages L friend of M’s great Topic Marilisa Leo

of marrying L grandmother Marriage First marriage Has been
Ex–wife around—L expects M married
to befriend her seven times
Children 3x her age Assumes she’ll be
Not nice married again to
Advantages of Make fun of her a variety of men
marrying L Family Has to deal Has great
L. ideal 1st husband Structure/ with multiple relationships
smart, loving, attentive, Relationships stepchildren, with all of his
generous much older than ex-wives and
experienced her, and ex-wives children
fascinating
Careers Has not yet Has had at
chosen a career, least 15 or
Marriage L expects this is last
but knows she 20 careers,
M expects this is one of many
has lots of time all of them
makes her sad
to decide and very different
can’t imagine leaving
that she will have
Leo
the opportunity
to have many
Careers L on 20th or so career
careers
Can have any career—money
no issue Does this so
M no decision yet he always has
in Prep stage a challenge—
lots of time to decide doesn’t get
bored
Longevity Has had her first Faithfully NOTE-TAKING SKILL, page 129
Prep but has not does his Answers may vary. Suggested answers:
yet undergone Process and Paragraph 1 0
the Process has been Paragraph 2 +
alive for Paragraph 3 +
almost four Paragraph 4 0/–
hundred Paragraph 5 0
years Paragraph 6 0
Sees an unlimited Still vigorous Paragraph 7 +
future and youthful Paragraph 8 –
Paragraph 9 –
Paragraph 10 –
MAKE INFERENCES, page 125 Paragraph 11 +
Answers may vary. Suggested answers: Paragraph 12 –
1. c Paragraph 13 –
Evidence: She didn’t look a day over thirty Paragraph 14 0
and was constantly around. In addition, Leo
still was fond of her. He thought Katrin and COMPREHENSION
Marilisa could become friends, but Marilisa 1, page 129
thought that would be very difficult. Answers may vary. Suggested answers:
2. b
1. Raising productivity by adding to our prime
Evidence: He winks and laughs at her and
years’ means that people would have more time
makes a joke about her being a “toy”, this
to become successful in their careers, and, with
shows he doesn’t take her seriously as the
that, hopefully become more financially stable.
wife of his father.
Other reasons in favor of a longer lifespan
3. c
include: giving people a chance to recover from
Evidence: He says he wants the marriage to go
mistakes, encouraging longer-term thinking,
on forever.
reduction in health-care costs, personal
4. c
benefits including time spent with loved ones,
Evidence: She thinks from time to time of the
and more time for education and travel.
men she will marry after she and Leo have
2. There can be both positive and negative
gone their separate ways. Perhaps she’ll stay
aspects to how individuals and families
with Leo for 10 years, perhaps for 50. No
socialize when they have increased lifespans:
one stays married forever . . . 15, 20 years,
that’s the usual . . . 60 or 70 tops. She even Positive Negative
has thought about the jobs of her future More time with loved ones Family/siblings
husbands. Time to: would have to
5. a • Learn new languages adapt to different
Evidence: Marilisa is disturbed by the idea • Master musical social relationships
of having the same husband for hundreds of instruments People would have
years, but, at the same time, is disturbed by • Try different careers to work longer
the idea of having many different husbands. • Travel the world Later retirement age
She also worries about the “vast amount of • Recover from mistakes Fewer jobs for
time” that is in front of her. Reduce healthcare costs young people
Economic productivity Institutions would
would rise stagnate
READING SKILL R2: More quality time R2: Large age difference
2, page 130 with loved ones; watch in siblings would create
Answers may vary. Suggested answers: future generations different set of social
grow up relationships
1. Will a doubled lifespan cause overpopulation?
What benefits will come from a doubled REVIEW, page 132
lifespan?
2. How will marriage and family be affected by a
longer lifespan? Positive Negative Neutral
Will people stay married to the same person awesome chilly disparate
their whole lives or have multiple marriages?
emphatic impetuous immeasurably
3. At what age will people retire?
Will there be enough jobs for young people? fond insufferable inevitably
punctually loveless radically
ORGANIZE, page 131 vigorous presumptuous tolerable
Answers may vary. Suggested answers: worrisome ultimately
EFFECT utterly
Marriage Marriage
Positive Effect Negative Effect EXPAND, page 133
Answers in the last column may vary. Suggested
R1: You will be able to R1: Extremely large age
answers:
have many different difference between
and interesting spouses spouses Death Do Us Part
R2: You won’t feel you R2: Multiple brief
Death Do Us Part (R1)
have to stay in a loveless marriages
Suffixes Example Definition Example of a
marriage out of inertia from Text or New Adjective
Careers Careers Synonym with the Same
Positive Effect Negative Effect Suffix
Paragraphs
R1: You can “reinvent” R1: No negative effects
1–2
yourself by changing
-ing shimmering sparkling speeding
careers and finding a
-ive impulsive impetuous active
fresh challenge
Paragraphs
R2: Economic R2: Fewer job openings; 3–5
productivity will go up; corporations and -able insufferable intolerable comfortable
you can try different universities will stagnate
-al ideal perfect traditional
careers without youthful talent
Paragraphs
and ideas 6–15
Family Structure Family Structure -ent ancient very old different
Positive Effect Negative Effect -ous serious sincere curious
R1: No positive effects R1: Have to deal with Paragraphs
multiple ex-wives/ 26–33
ex-husbands and -ible permissible allowable invisible
stepchildren -ic romantic passionate emphatic
Paragraphs
34–38
-y misty foggy dirty
Toward Immortality (R2) 3, page 138

Suffixes Example Definition or Example
1. has met 6. have been studying
from Text Synonym of a New 2. visited 7. have figured
Adjective 3. has had 8. attended
with the 4. has been talking 9. has been doing
Same Suffix 5. met 10. has written
Paragraphs
1–2 WRITE
-al personal individual minimal 1, page 140
Paragraphs
1. Underline: My life has been an endless
3–4
roller-coaster ride filled with immeasurable
-ic emphatic forceful narcotic
happiness and sadness.
-ical practical sensible tropical
2. The next paragraphs will probably be about
Paragraphs
this happiness and sadness.
5–7
3. TOUCH: shakes awake
-less loveless without love homeless
SMELL: bitter coffee, burnt toast
-ing remaining still left smoking
SIGHT: alarm robot, meteor shower
Paragraphs
TASTE: sour milk, bitter coffee
10–13
SOUND: loud crack
-ly inevitably without doubt happily
-ed limited restricted skilled REVISE
-some worrisome troublesome awesome
1, page 141
-ant constant steady elegant
His home is being compared to a lonely cloud
-ful youthful young hopeful
because it floats in the sky.
His punctuality is being compared to a Swiss watch
GRAMMAR
because a Swiss watch is precise and dependable.
1, page 135
1. Yes, it happened three years ago. 2, page 142
2. No, he has been an architect . . . He is not Paragraph 1: Waterfalls are being compared to
currently an architect, etc. cascades of diamonds because they shimmer.
3. Yes, they are still searching because the verb Paragraph 2: Leo is being compared to a boy
is in the continuous form, searching, and because he looks so young.
the sentence states since the beginning of Paragraph 3 & 4: Unknown husbands are being
recorded history, which is when they started compared to swords that fall between Marilisa
searching. and Leo because they will destroy her marriage.
4. Simple past in a, present perfect in b, and
present perfect continuous in c. 3, page 142
The metaphor is: They are vague, chilly phantoms.
2, page 136
She uses this metaphor because both her
1. have been searching 8. discussed unknown future husbands and phantoms are not
2. has been 9. has been doing real, and they are scary like ghosts.
3. have not been 10. have had
4. took 11. have enjoyed 4, page 142
5. attended 12. completed An example of personification is: The words skewer
6. didn’t actually start 13. has been working her. She uses this personification because hearing
7. have gone the words hurts, as it would hurt if something
sharp were pressed into a person.
UNIT 6 neighbor writes letter to

VOCABULARY newspaper
newspaper writes article
1, page 146
many neighbors donate
1. decision 7. sell bikes
2. modestly 8. boring
3. pride 9. appreciate Justin continues to made and gave away over
4. amusement 10. saddened help others. 200 bikes for:
5. uncertain 11. respond • children with AIDS
6. order 12. scared • Patterson Housing
Coalition
2, page 146
• others
1. donate/challenge/manage
Reasons: personal and medical research Justin is a special likes to help others
2. passion/thrilled/inspired boy. because it makes him
Reasons: environmental and personal happy
3. passion/satisfaction/inspired bikes open up world for
Reasons: religious and personal recipients
4. proposal/devoting
Reasons: mandatory, care of the elderly and MAIN IDEAS
personal 2, page 151
5. admiring/determined
Reasons: political and personal
2, 3, 5
TAKE NOTES, page 148
Main Ideas Details
DETAILS, page 151
ustin likes bikes. • buying them Answers may vary. Suggested answers:
• fixing them
The Benefits of Example of Justin Lebo
• racing them
Community Service
has a bike shop in his garage
Encourages people Justin spent his free time
He has too many made 2 bikes for to use their free timein the summer making
bikes to use. Kilbarchan Home constructively bicycles for the children
wants to make 19 more— at the Kilbarchan Home
all kids have bikes garage for Boys.
sales & thrift shops—not Gives a sense of He was inspired by the
enough satisfaction; builds joy of the boys from
wants to continue self-esteem Kilbarchan. Building
giving bikes away bikes makes him happy.
but needs way to Opens volunteers’ Justin built bikes for all
get bikes to fix up eyes to the great kinds of people in need:
variety of people in women in a women’s
gets support parents match dollar need by providing shelter, children with
from parents and amount Justin spends on opportunities to meet AIDS, and people in a
community bikes new and different housing project.
types of people
One successful Justin continued to COMPREHENSION, page 157

community service build bikes after the Answers may vary. Suggested answers:
experience leads to Kilbarchan project. 1. Volunteering is a personal choice. I don’t have
performing other
time because … I have a job/have to take care
services.
of …. and can’t spend time afterschool. I need
Volunteers learn they Justin learned that his to study.
can help solve real bikes helped fulfill the 2. They may learn to like it and find something
social problems and needs of the boys at that they are really interested in.
needs. Kilbarchan and the 3. It might be, but it should be my choice how I
other people who use my time after school.
received them.
Helps people to find Justin found out he READING SKILL
out who they are, could take on a big 2, page 158
what their interests project and complete Some Take the Time Gladly
are, and what they are it. He found out he was
good at good at rebuilding bikes. Paragraph and number Persuasive words
of words or phrases that evoke negative
MAKE INFERENCES, page 152 emotions
1. a 4. b 1(2) grumble
2. b 5. c
indignation
3. c
2(1) resistant
NOTE-TAKING SKILL, page 156 7(1) frustrating
9(2) ridiculous
For Mandatory Against Mandatory opposing
Volunteering Volunteering
1. Constructive way 1. Volunteering is a Problems with Mandatory Volunteering
to spend time. personal choice. Paragraph and Persuasive words
2. Gets kids involved 2. It’s an extracurricular number of words or that evoke negative
in the community. activity (personal phrases emotions
choice). 1(1) terrible
3. Some people would 3. Many students
3(5) not a good
not know how already volunteer.
great an experience worse
volunteering is resentful
unless it were not want
required
negative
. 4. Students may become
5(2) oxymoron
resentful and never
volunteer again. opposed
5. Many students don’t
have time.
6. The quality of work
can suffer.
ORGANIZE, page 159 c. It is a good idea to get students to go out

into the community & although it can be
JUSTIN LEBO (R1)
frustrating to have to write about it
Paragraph Issue 2. The concessions introduce a negative opinion.
22 Dedication to work 3. No. If the sentence starts with a concession,
23 Time commitment there is a comma. If the concession is in the
middle of the sentence, there is no comma.
24 Personal enrichment, personal
4. The other clauses express the writer’s main idea.
choice
SOME TAKE THE TIME GLADLY (R2) 2, page 166
Paragraph Issue 1. supports/Supporters of mandatory volunteering
2 Time commitment say it is a good way for students to get valuable
5 Personal enrichment experience even though they are not paid.
2. supports/Critics of mandatory volunteering
PROBLEMS WITH MANDATORY VOLUNTEERING (R2)
maintain that a school should not require a
Paragraph Issue student to do anything after school except
2 Personal choice, personal homework, though they say that volunteering
enrichment, dedication to work is better than just sitting around watching TV
3 Personal choice, time commitment or playing video games.
3. supports/Although opponents argue that
4 Time commitment, personal choice
volunteering is a personal choice and so it
shouldn’t be mandatory, supporters note that
schools have many required classes that may
REVIEW
not be a student’s personal choice.
2, page 161 4. opposes/Critics worry that a bad volunteering
1. donations 7. opposition experience will stop people from volunteering
2. inspired 8. pride again in the future, in spite of the fact that
3. passionate 9. admired supporters maintain that most student
4. challenge 10. fulfilled volunteers have successful experiences, and
5. proposed 11. indignant many continue to volunteer later in life.
6. resent 5. supports/Supporters believe mandatory
volunteering can benefit the community
EXPAND, page 162 despite the fact that critics feel that
1. a 5. c 9. c mandatory volunteers may do a bad job, and
2. b 6. c 10. b therefore, cause more harm than good.
3. c 7. c
4. b 8. b WRITE
1, page 169
GRAMMAR 1. The student is against cutting school sports.
1, page 165 2. Arguments to Cut School Sports: low team
1. a. Even though Justin was not required by his participation, low audience participation, high
school to volunteer & he chose to work on cost
bikes and donate them 3. Counterarguments: many teams have high
b. Despite the fact that many students initially participation numbers, so cut back on number
don’t want to volunteer & they learn of teams; audience participation numbers are
to love it and continue after the school not the only way to measure student support
requirements are fulfilled and interest, there is a devoted fan base;
sports help spread school spirit; cost is worth TAKE NOTES, page 180
the long term benefits Answers will vary. Suggested answers:
4. Answers will vary.
5. Answers will vary. Main Ideas Details
The GPGP— - between CA and HI
REVISE
area of the - plastics all sizes
2, page 173 ocean filled - microplastics = tiny pieces of
2, 5 with toxic plastic
plastic - mp gets into food chain by big
3, page 173 fish eat small fish
Introduction 1: Much of
Thesis: It is important to support the proposal world’s - wind blows plastic into ocean
for a mandatory community service program so plastic is in - mp found in all ocean depths
that young people will learn the value of giving to ocean
others./Technique 1 - could be in humans
Introduction 2: Pervasive - mp—microscopic broken
Thesis: This is why I support a program of found in both down by UV light and waves
mandatory community service in our university./ land and sea - never fully breaks down,
Technique 3 animals soaks up chemicals in water
Introduction 3: - causes physical and behav
Thesis: A mandatory community service program changes in animals
in our school will give students a valuable
experience and also help solve important - scientists est. how much mp
problems in our community./Technique 2 in Pac
- test for chems in plast,
seaweed, fish
UNIT 7
Research - data + research = bans on
VOCABULARY, page 179 is needed plas bags, styrofoam
1. m to make - volunteers hard to get
2. e changes. - people + research= clean up
3. i mess
4. a
5. j MAIN IDEAS, page 183
6. h 1. a
7. k 2. b
8. l 3. a
9. g 4. b
10. b
11. c DETAILS, page 184
12. f 1. b
13. d 2. c
3. a
4. a
5. c
6. b
MAKING INFERENCES, page 185 Cons: Cons:

2. This is strong evidence. The author is quoting • Rivers will still be • Doesn’t mitigate
a scientist (Syberg) who has firsthand polluted. the pollution in the
knowledge of microplastics in fish. • Will take five years ocean now
3. This is weak evidence. Current estimates put the for plastic in the • Relies on people,
oceans’ total plastic load at 165 million tons./ ocean now, but governments, and
This is weaker as the number is an estimate. The more garbage will companies making
actual number could actually be higher or lower. be accumulating changes in behavior
4. This is weak evidence. But that is just based during that time
on plastic samples collected from surface • Doesn’t provide
trawling. More microplastic found at greater a solution to the
depths in the oceans means scientists might source of the
be greatly underestimating the total amount problem
of plastic in the ocean—and its total effect./ • Does not stop
This is weaker evidence. The author uses the the problem from
words, “might be greatly underestimating.” continuing into the
Might is a word indicating uncertainty. future
5. This is weak evidence. “Unfortunately,” he • Eriksen claims
adds, “to date no systematic studies can this model is a
confirm plastic is present in people on a wide distraction from
scale. Not enough money or attention has the work other
been allotted to address this issue.” —Syberg./ environmental
This is weak evidence because the studies groups are doing.
haven’t been done yet.
6. This is strong evidence because Pedersen asserts COMPREHENSION, page 189
that it is now, which implies there is data or proof. 1. Slat’s proposal involves very large screens
attached to booms. The garbage is trapped in
NOTE-TAKING SKILL, page 189 the screens, and then once a month, vessels
CLEAN UP MODEL - — PREVENTION MODEL— come and collect the garbage and bring it to
Markus Eriksen be recycled.
Pros: Pros: 2. The screens are free-floating and use the
• Less expensive that • Rivers and other currents to move them around. They will not
using boats and water sources will float away.
nets be cleaner. 3. Slat believes his system can clean up 50
• Ocean is cleaned • Ocean will be percent of the GPGP in five years.
up cleaner. 4. Erikson’s prevention model involves finding
• Plastic will be • Everyday people the source of plastics and stopping them from
collected to be and environmental entering the ocean in the first place.
recycled. groups are involved.
READING SKILL, page 190
• Plastic will be
collected to be 1. c
recycled and sources 2. a
of the plastics found. 3. Answers may vary. Possible answers:
• Excessive plastic a. Another Proposal
packaging is b. Activism on the Rise
addressed.
ORGANIZE, page 191

Sea Unworthy: A Personal Journey into the Two Proposals to Clean Up Our Oceans
Pacific Garbage Patch (R1) of Garbage (R2)
SOURCES OF PLASTICS Plastic is deposited in the oceans by wind Plastic is carried to the ocean from land
IN THE OCEAN from land, dumping plastic directly into the via rivers and estuaries.
oceans, and from river and stream runoff.
DANGERS OF PLASTICS Plastics break down into microplastics. X
They are found in most all sea and land
animals as they get into the food chain.
They cause both physical and behavioral
changes.
RESPONSES AND Research effects of plastic on human health 1. Trap, collect, and recycle plastics in the
SOLUTIONS Research and data gathering that influences gyres.
policy change such as bans on Styrofoam 2. Stop the flow of plastics before they
and plastic bags get to the sea by using booms to trap
plastics.
3. Find the sources of plastics.
4. Recycle more plastics and redesign
packaging to use less plastic.
CHALLENGES AHEAD Funding for research Answers may vary.
Getting people to volunteer and get involved
Will Slat’s prototype work?
to help collect data to aid research
Will it be effective?
Will Ocean Cleanup continue to be funded?
Will booms in rivers be enough?
Will companies change their packaging?
Will activism continue to grow?
SYNTHESIZE, page 191 REVIEW, page 192-193

There are many reasons why our oceans are Across
filled with plastic including ocean dumping 2. ban
and river and stream runoff. Plastics in the 7. portray
ocean are a problem to all living things. These 8. propose
plastics break down into smaller pieces called 12. feasible
microplastics, which never disappear. The 14. discover
problem with microplastics is they get into the 15. hypothesize
food chain. There have been several responses 17. entail
and solutions to this problem, including gathering 18. ingest
the plastics that are already in the ocean and
Down
preventing them from entering the sea. Even with
1. entrap
these proposals and responses, there are still
3. estimate
challenges ahead. For example, getting funding
4. viability
for research to examine the effects of plastics
5. accumulate
pollution and getting people involved in effecting
6. ambitious
change.
7. pervasive
9. robust
0.
1 toxic 3.
11. discard a. estimate
14. debris b. estimation/estimate
16. prevent c. estimated
4.
EXPAND a. prevention
1, page 194 b. prevent
Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
c. prevented
5.
accumulation accumulate accumulative X
a. feasibility
ambition X ambitious ambitiously
b. feasible
ban ban banned X
6.
consumption consume consumptive X
a. proposals
consumer
b. proposed
debris X X X
c. proposed
detection detect detected X
detective
detector
GRAMMAR FOR WRITING
discard discard discarded X 1, page 196
discardable 1. Boyan Slat proposes cleaning up the garbage
entailment entail X X already in the ocean.
entrapment entrap entrapped X Eriksen’s proposal deals with stopping garbage
estimation estimate estimated X from entering the ocean.
estimate 2. b contains two sentences separated by a
feasibility X feasible feasibly period. In the second sentence, there is a
hypothesis hypothesize hypothesized X comma after “in the same way”.
pervasiveness pervade pervasive pervasively 3. In the same way
portrayer portray portrayable X 4. whereas, in contrast
portrayal
preventability prevent preventable X 2, page 198
prevention 2. compare
proposal propose proposed X Eriksen wants to significantly reduce the
proposition amount of garbage in the ocean. Likewise, Slat
quantity quantify quantifiable X hopes to clean up the ocean in the near future.
quantifier quantitative OR
robustness X robust robustly Eriksen wants to significantly reduce the
toxicity X toxic toxically amount of garbage in the ocean; likewise, Slat
toxin hopes to clean up the ocean in the near future.
viability X viable viably 3. compare
A lot of garbage is starting to wash up on the
2, page 195 beaches of Hawaii. In the same way, garbage
1. from the North Sea is polluting beaches in
a. consumption Scandinavia.
b. consuming OR
c. consumer A lot of garbage is starting to wash up on the
2. beaches of Hawaii; in the same way, garbage
a. ambitious from the North Sea is polluting beaches in
b. ambition Scandinavia.
4. contrast 3, page 199

Eriksen’s project deals only with stopping Answers may vary
trash from reaching the sea while Slat’s Ocean
Cleanup project is chiefly concerned with 1. Cape Town, South Africa, had been suffering
garbage that is already in the ocean. from water scarcity for years. Late in 2017, the
OR government announced that the city of almost
While Slat’s Ocean Cleanup project is chiefly 4 million was about to reach Day Zero, the day
concerned with garbage that is already in when reservoirs would be so low that the
the ocean, Eriksen’s project deals only with government would be forced to turn off the
stopping trash from reaching the sea. water reaching people’s homes. To avoid this
5. contrast disastrous scenario, they placed severe limits
Some scientists estimate the total amount of on the amount of water a person could use.
plastics in the ocean today is 165 million tons. While for years people had been asked to
On the other hand, other scientists believe try to conserve water, now water usage was
the number may be much larger due to the restricted to 50 liters (13 gallons) per person
possibility of more microplastics being found per day. (In contrast, in California, the average
at greater depths. water usage per person per day is 321 liters,
OR or 85 gallons.) Presently, people are still able to
Some scientists estimate the total amount of get water out of their taps; on the other hand,
plastics in the ocean today is 165 million tons; if Day Zero had arrived, citizens would have
on the other hand, other scientists believe been forced to go to communal water collection
the number may be much larger due to the points for water. Before water restrictions,
possibility of more microplastics being found people were able to use as much water as they
at greater depths. wanted. However, now special meters have
6. contrast been installed at homes to monitor water use.
Plastic in the ocean breaks down into Just as other cities and towns have had to
microplastic, but never disappears. However, make major changes to avoid crises, Cape
organic matter such as food will eventually Town residents have been forced to think of
disintegrate or be consumed. ways to conserve and reuse their water. One
OR method people now use is to recycle dirty, or
Plastic in the ocean breaks down into gray, washing machine water. Similarly, they
microplastic, but never disappears; however, now take showers standing in buckets and
organic matter such as food will eventually reuse gray water. In the same way, they save
disintegrate or be consumed. water by limiting the number of times they
7. compare flush their toilets. As one government official
Slat’s Ocean Cleanup Project will require said, “It was not a pretty solution, but it was
substantial funding to succeed just as Eriksen’s not a pretty problem.” Now that Day Zero has
proposal needs a lot of money to achieve the been tended, residents say they will never take
results he wants. water for granted again.
OR 2. Our planet has several ocean gyres
Just as Eriksen’s proposal needs a lot of accumulating plastic pollution. One of the
money to achieve the results he wants, Slat’s smaller garbage patches can be found in the
Ocean Cleanup Project will require substantial Mediterranean Sea. Plastic makes up the
funding to succeed. majority of the garbage in the Mediterranean;
similarly, it is also the majority of the garbage
found in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP).
Scientists estimate that there are 250 billion
pieces of plastic in the Mediterranean. In
contrast, according to a study published in 2018 4.

by Ocean Cleanup, there are 1.8 trillion pieces of Conclusion
plastic in the GPGP. The weight of the garbage Preserving water should be our greatest priority
found in the Mediterranean is estimated to be
between 1,000 and 3,000 tons. On the other REVISE
hand, the estimate for the amount in the GPGP 1, page 203
is 80,000 tons of garbage. Microplastic has 1. 3. Preserving our water for our present and
been found in the stomachs of Mediterranean future generations should be our greatest
marine life. In the same way, it is has been priority.
found in between 5 and 10 percent of the fish 2. 1. Preserving our water for our present and
living in the GPGP. How does it get in the fish? future generations should be our greatest
The smallest fish eat the microplastic thinking it priority.
is plankton. Larger fish then eat the smaller fish 3. 4. Preserving our water for our present and
and the plastic they had consumed. Likewise, future generations should be our greatest
we humans get plastic in our bodies by eating priority.
the larger fish. 4. 2. Preserving our water for our present and
future generations should be our greatest
WRITE priority.
2, page 202
Answers may vary.
UNIT 8
2. VOCABULARY, page 208
Solution 1 (Possible): Use solar power to make
1. b 5. b 9. a
dirty water clean.
2. c 6. b 10. c
Evaluation: Undrinkable water made usable, but 3. b 7. b 11. b
is complex and costly; villagers have to buy water 4. a 8. a 12. a
to pay for solar cost
Solution 2 (Possible): Use of Fog Catchers (large TAKE NOTES, page 209
nets or screens set up on mountainside; catches Main Ideas Details
morning fog which drips into collection trays)
Smartphone Considered necessity by many for:
Evaluation: Water is free, but limited in quantity; (SP) use • online banking
not enough for larger village or irrigation more • photos
Solution 3 (Possible): Use of Water Seer (large widespread • health
device that turns air into water, uses wind turbines) than ever • all areas of life
Evaluation: Water produced is limited; device
doesn’t work in dry places Effects of Survey of elem. sch. class:20%
Solution 4 (Possible): Device that turns urine into SP use on dislike smartphones—parents
drinkable water society don’t pay attention to them
300,000 posts on social media
Evaluation: X
about student drawing of dislike
3. of smartphones
Best Solution: “Technoference” cause problems
Solution: None of the above solutions produce with family relationships
enough water to be viable. Best solutions are • parents’ reliance on digital tech.
those that call for changes we can make every bad parent-child relationships
day to conserve water • compulsive SP use driven by
Evaluation: X accessing social media
SP 70% of managers check phone MAKE INFERENCES, page 215

dependency w/in 1 hour of waking Answers will vary. Suggested answers:
56% managers check within 1 1. Sanabria’s opinion: Smartphones control our
hour of bedtime lives.
Bonds between families breaking How the statistics strengthen Sanabria’s
down argument: This is not just the author’s opinion
but is substantiated by research and statistics.
Use SP while driving
2. Sanabria’s opinion: We should be worried
4 hrs. + per day SP use for U.S.
about smartphone dependency.
adults
How the quotation strengthens Sanabria’s
65 hrs/month SP use U.K. adults
argument: An expert gives examples of
Phantom vibration syndrome
dependent behavior and labels it a mental
Nomophobia—50% adults have
health issue.
anxiety when can’t access SP;
3. Sanabria’s opinion: We never stop thinking
withdrawal symptoms
about our smartphones.
• stress
• anger
argument: The author’s idea is supported by
• frustration
statistics from an expert in the field.
absent presence
4. Sanabria’s opinion: We should be worried
inappropriate behavior in social
about smartphone addiction.
situations
argument: Experts confirm that Smartphone
How to buy alarm clock
usage can lead to bad parent-child
reduce SP keep SP out of bedroom
relationships. Children also note that parents
use move apps off Home page
are spending too much time on social media.
put apps in a folder
turn off notifications NOTE-TAKING SKILL, page 219
use tracking app
turn SP off Time Son’s activities Son’s
make conscious decision to use feelings
SP only when necessary Before the begging for phone until satisfied
vacation mother relents and
MAIN IDEAS then using the phone
2, page 213 Day 1 lying on couch moaning frustrated
for his phone, ignoring
3, 4, 7, 9
his surroundings
DETAILS, page 213 Day 2 digging for clams, happy
swimming, reading
1. a, c
2. b, c The next swimming, hiking content
3. a, b few days
4. b, c Day 6 watching sunset relaxed
5. a, c
6. a, b COMPREHENSION, page 220
7. b, c Answers may vary. Suggested answers:
8. a, c
1. The only thing he could think about was his
9. a, b
iPhone, and he was oblivious to the beauty
10. b, c
around him.
2. The family decided they were going to be SYNTHESIZE, page 223

electronics-free for a week. Answers may vary. Suggested answers:
3. That they did something every day and got out
of the cabin to explore I applaud you for recognizing that your husband
4. They slowed down and became more has a problem. The cause of your husband’s
connected with their surroundings. problem is smartphone dependency, and he
certainly is not alone.
READING SKILL Smartphone addiction causes a variety of
2, page 221 problems, such as family breakdown, insomnia,
Suggested answers: using the phone at inappropriate times, and
compulsive phone-checking, to name a few.
1. Being electronics-free (life without electronics) Fortunately, there are strategies that he can use to
2. The slowing down of time counteract the negative effects of his smartphone.
3. The benefits of their electronic-free week
First of all, if he has restless sleep or insomnia,
ORGANIZE, page 222 you could tell him to buy an alarm clock. In fact,
he should also not keep the phone near where he
Effects Solutions sleeps.
1. k. Causing 1. h. G
o electronics free for Another effect of smartphone addiction is the
family a set period of time. urge to compulsively check one’s phone. One
breakdown 2. p. Keep busy with non- reason for this might be that he feels constantly
electronic activities. distracted by the apps on his phone. If this is the
3. e. S pend less time on case, there are a few things he could do. First, he
social media. could move some apps off his Home page. He
2. o. Restless 1. i. B
uy an alarm clock. could also put some apps in folders.
sleep and 2. f. D
on’t keep phone Nevertheless, apps can also be useful for solving
insomnia where you sleep. this problem. If you feel that he is checking his
3. r. Using 1. m. T urn phone off phone too often, there are other steps he can
phone at before meals. take to alleviate this problem. For example, he
inappropriate 2. b. Don’t let checking could download a tracking app to monitor his
times your phone become phone time. By using this kind of app, he could
a habit. see exactly how much time he spends with his
3. j. D on’t use phone phone and set goals to diminish his use.
while driving.
You might also want to suggest he turn off
4. a. Compulsive 1. c. Download a tracking notifications and alerts as this will reduce the
phone app. number of times his phone dings, so he won’t feel
checking 2. n. Set goals to check the urge to check it as often.
your phone less each
Lisa Kleinman has identified a concept known as
day.
“absent presence”, which refers to smartphone
3. l. Make it a conscious
users favoring the virtual world over real-life
decision to check
situations. In other words, using the phone to
your phone.
exit real-world situations. To avoid this problem,
4. g. M ove some apps off
when your husband is with friends, he shouldn’t
Home page.
let phone-checking become a habit. He needs
5. q. P ut some apps in
to be aware of when and how often he uses his
folders.
phone. Each time he uses his phone, it should be
6. d. T urn off notifications
a conscious decision and not just something he
and alerts.
does out of habit or boredom.
REVIEW, page 224 Because pedestrians are not paying attention,

1. trigger 9. twitching drivers must be extra careful.
2. diminish 10. dysfunctional
3. wean/away from 11. temptation 3, page 229
4. relent 12. conscious 2. E, C Since smartphones are small, relatively
5. urge 13. literally cheap, and easy to use, many people choose
6. devices 14. compulsive to buy a smartphone instead of a laptop.
7. anxiety 15. influx 3. C, E Because of the fact that over 50 percent
8. dependency of people check their phone continuously
during vacation, vacations may not be as
EXPAND, page 225 relaxing as in the past.
1. compulsion 7. blinded to 4. E, C I feel very anxious and disconnected from
2. search 8. commitment the world as my phone has been broken
3. addiction 9. steals for a week.
4. trigger 10. contemplation 5. C, E Because smartphones constantly
5. ignoring me 11. can’t stand interrupt and distract people, it can take
6. repeatedly 12. shun longer to do simple tasks.
6. C, E You will receive a failing grade as a
GRAMMAR consequence of using a phone in during
1, page 227 an exam.
1. Each sentence has two clauses. 7. E, C Due to nomophobia being recognized as
2. Cause a serious problem, rehabilitation facilities
3. Sentence b doesn’t have a comma. are now available to treat this problem.
8. C, E Due to the fact that some college
2, page 228 students spend more time on their
Answers may vary. Suggested answers: phones than in class and studying, they
are getting lower grades and retaining
People using a phone while driving has become less information.
more and more of a problem. Because many
drivers can’t stop texting even when driving, WRITE
more accidents are occurring. Drivers are a lot 1, page 232
more careless than in the past as a result of their
EFFECT: People cannot concentrate or think
phone usage. Using your phone while driving can
deeply.
also lead to fines or even losing your license since
it is illegal in many states and countries. Recent Cause I. Dr. Sanabria wants to explore
studies have shown that talking on the phone ways to wean ourselves from
while driving reduces brain activity by 37 percent. technology
It’s no wonder there have been more accidents Effect A. Blogs give advice on reducing
due to this reduced brain activity. (becomes technology use
cause) 1. Buy an alarm clock.
Pedestrians using their phones can also have and
Multiple 2. D
ownload a tracking app to
cause problems. People who are texting while
effects monitor phone use.
they walk take almost two seconds longer to
(1−3)
cross at an intersection. As a consequence of this 3. R
emove apps from your
increased time in the crosswalk, they are more Home screen.
likely to be hit, especially by distracted drivers. II. By taking steps now, we will help
When using a phone, pedestrians are also future generations
four times more likely to ignore traffic signals.
Multiple A. Communities will enjoy greater 3, pages 236

causes quality of life 2. E, C Many people have smartphones, so it is
(A−E) B. No more “technopherence”, easy to stay in contact with people even
“phantom vibration syndrome”, when they are not at home.
and “nomophobia” Many people have smartphones. Therefore, it is
C. Reduced anxiety and stress easy to stay in contact with people even when
they are not at home.
Multiple D. Harmful withdrawal symptoms
3. E, C Smartphones create an environment of
effects are gone
constant interruptions and distractions.
(A−C) E. S ituations like those the
Consequently, people cannot concentrate
teachers found are a thing of
or think deeply.
the past
Smartphones create an environment of constant
1. Overall effects interruptions and distractions. Thus, people
a. Choose real life over cannot concentrate or think deeply.
virtual life 4. C, E There are approximately 40,000 medical
b. Choose people over apps available today for smartphones and
devices tablets. As a consequence, it is like having
c.
All of our lives will be a health expert at your fingertips.
better There are approximately 40,000 medical apps
available today for smartphones and tablets.
REVISE Thus, it is like having a health expert at your
1, page 235 fingertips.
5. C, E Smartphone apps can remotely turn on
Sentence a introduces a cause first. Sentence b
and off the heat in your home when you
introduces an effect first.
are out. As a result, homeowners can
2, page 236 save money and help to cut down on the
use of fossil fuels.
Smartphone apps can remotely turn on and
The writer of the Unplugging article wanted off the heat in your home when you are out, so
her family to enjoy an electronic-free vacation; homeowners can save money and help to cut
therefore, she took them to a remote island in down on the use of fossil fuels.
the wilderness of British Columbia. On the first 6. E, C Many people use tablets and e-readers
day of the vacation, her son was suffering from for most of their reading. For this reason,
acute smartphone withdrawal; consequently, he the number of hardcover and paperback
couldn’t enjoy the beauty of their surroundings. books being sold has declined.
On the other hand, her husband and daughter Many people use tablets and e-readers for most
were doing fine. They had found things to do of their reading. Consequently, the number of
that didn’t rely on electronics, so they suffered no hardcover and paperback books being sold has
withdrawal symptoms. As time passed, her son declined.
forgot about his smartphone. As a result, he was
able to have a good time at the beach and enjoy
reading. He was no longer thinking only about his
smartphone. For this reason, he was also able to
have fun hiking and swimming.

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NorthStar 4 Student Book Answer Key

Reading & Writing

UNIT 1 Tammet’s banged his head on wall

Main Ideas Details MAIN IDEAS

REVIEW, page 19 3. According to Gladwell, it requires at least

WRITE 6. The book that Kim Peek was reading before he

2, page 30 TAKE NOTES, page 35

Return to Ireland MAIN IDEAS

2009 Event: His ashes are scattered ORGANIZE, page 47

3. reading kayaking, was born with a serious disability.

UNIT 3 MAIN IDEAS

MAKE INFERENCES, page 68 COMPREHENSION, page 72

Summer 1964: Cousins became ill. 2, page 76

PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS III. Conclusion

MAIN IDEAS NOTE-TAKING SKILL, page 98

3. (Paragraph 20) With more emphasis on a SYNTHESIZE, page 102

are capable of doing really a 2. acquire obtain need gain

EXPAND, page 105

3. DICT- say/tell R1—2 predict to say something will dictation

R2—25 active busy, doing something

5. CEPT- taken R1—2 perceptual relating to perception misconception

9. CENT- one hundred R1—3 percent an amount equal to century

UNIT 5 MAIN IDEAS

Disadvantages L friend of M’s great Topic Marilisa Leo

Toward Immortality (R2) 3, page 138

UNIT 6 neighbor writes letter to

One successful Justin continued to COMPREHENSION, page 157

ORGANIZE, page 159 c. It is a good idea to get students to go out

MAKING INFERENCES, page 185 Cons: Cons:

ORGANIZE, page 191

SYNTHESIZE, page 191 REVIEW, page 192-193

4. contrast 3, page 199

contrast, according to a study published in 2018 4.

SP 70% of managers check phone MAKE INFERENCES, page 215

2. The family decided they were going to be SYNTHESIZE, page 223

REVIEW, page 224 Because pedestrians are not paying attention,

Multiple A. Communities will enjoy greater 3, pages 236

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ORGANIZE, page 159 c. It is a good idea to get students to go out

Multiple A. Communities will enjoy greater 3, pages 236