147

Chapter 11More about Basic Properties of

Circles

Q & A (P.11.2)
1. ÐOAX = ÐOBX = 90°
OA = OB
OX = OX
∴ It is true that △OAX @ △OBX (RHS).
∵ △OAX @ △OBX
∴ ÐOXA = ÐOXB
ÐXOA = ÐXOB
XA = XB
∴ We have the following properties of tangents to a circle:
If XA and XB are the tangents to a circle at A and B
respectively, ÐOXA = ÐOXB, ÐXOA = ÐXOB and XA = XB.

2. ÐOXB = ÐAXB
=
= ´ 72°
= 36°
tan ÐOXB =
OB = 1.8 ´ tan 36° m
= 1.3 m, cor. to 1 d.p.
∴ The radius of the sphere is 1.3 m.

Instant Drill 1 (P.11.5)

In △ACD,
ÐADC + ÐDAC + ÐACD = 180°
ÐADC + 40° + 65° = 180°
ÐADC = 75°
In cyclic quadrilateral ABCD,
ÐABC + ÐADC = 180°
ÐABC + 75° = 180°
ÐABC = 105°
Instant Drill 2 (P.11.6)
ÐACD = 90°
∵ BC = AB
∴ ÐBCA = ÐBAC = 20°
ÐBAD + ÐBCD = 180°
ÐBAC + ÐCAD + ÐBCA + ÐACD = 180°
20° + q + 20° + 90° = 180°
q = 50°

Instant Drill 3 (P.11.7)

∵ △PQT is an equilateral triangle.
∴ ÐPQT = ÐPTQ = ÐQPT = 60°
x = ÐSQP
= ÐSQT + ÐPQT
= 40° + 60°
= 100°
ÐPTQ + ÐSTQ + ÐSTU = 180°
60° + y + 100° = 180°
y = 20°

Instant Drill 4 (P.11.8)

∵ CE = CD
∴ ÐCED = ÐCDE = q
ÐCED = f
∴ q =f
∵ BA // DF
∴ ÐABD + ÐBDF = 180°
ÐABF + ÐDBF + ÐBDF = 180°
52° + q + q = 180°
2q = 128°
q = 64°
f = 64°

Alternative Method
∵ BA // DF
∴ ÐBFD = ÐABF = 52°
ÐDCE = ÐBFD = 52°
∵ CE = CD
∴ ÐCED = ÐCDE = q
In △CDE,
ÐCDE + ÐCED + ÐDCE = 180°
q + q + 52° = 180°
2q = 128°
q = 64°
f = ÐCED
= 64°

Instant Drill 5 (P.11.17)

(a) (i) ÐBAD + ÐBCD = 35° + 75° + 70°
= 180°
∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic. (opp. Ðs supp.)
(ii) From (a)(i), A, B, C and D are concyclic.
∴ q = ÐBAC
= 75°
(b) (i) ÐADE = 50° + 50°
= 100°
= ÐABC
∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic.
(ext. Ð = int. opp. Ð)
(ii) From (b)(i), A, B, C and D are concyclic.
∴ ÐBAD + ÐBCD = 180°
q + 150° = 180°
q = 30°

Instant Drill 6 (P.11.17)

ÐCBE = ÐCAE = 20°
∴ ABCE is a cyclic quadrilateral.
∴ ÐBAE = ÐECD
f + 20° = 80°
f = 60°

Instant Drill 7 (P.11.18)

(a) ∵ CM = BM
∴ OM ^ BC
∴ ÐOMC = 90°
(b) ÐOMC + ÐONC = 90° + 90°
= 180°
∴ CMON is a cyclic quadrilateral. (opp. Ðs supp.)

Instant Drill 8 (P.11.18)

(a) ∵ DC // EF
∴ q = ÐCEF = 45°
ÐCDF = ÐCEF = 45°
∵ AB // DC
∴ f = ÐCDF
= 45°
(b) ÐBAD = ÐDCE = 45°
∴ ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
(ext. Ð = int. opp. Ð)

Instant Drill 9 (P.11.28)

ÐOAD = 90°
∵ OA = OB
∴ ÐBAO = ÐABO
In △ABD,
ÐADO + ÐABC + ÐBAD = 180°
ÐADO + ÐABC + ÐABC + ÐOAD = 180°
46° + 2ÐABC + 90° = 180°
2ÐABC = 44°
ÐABC = 22°

Instant Drill 10 (P.11.28)

∵ RS // PQ
∴ ÐABS = ÐPAB = 90°
i.e. OB ^ RS
∴ RS is the tangent to the circle at B.
(converse of tangent ^ radius)

Instant Drill 11 (P.11.29)

Join OA.
Let r be the radius of the smaller circle.

∵ OM ^ AB
∴ AM = BM
i.e. AM = AB
= (16)
=8
OA = OD
= 16 r
In △OAM, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
OM + AM = OA
2 2 2

r + 8 = (16 r) 2 2 2

r + 64 = 256 32r + r
2 2

32r = 192
r =6
OC = OD
= 16 - 6
= 10
CM = OC - OM
= 10 - 6
=4

Instant Drill 12 (P.11.36)

Let ÐOAB = a and ÐOBA = b.

ÐNAO = a
ÐMBO = b

In △ABC,
ÐACB + ÐCAB + ÐABC = 180°
100° + a + a + b + b = 180°
2(a + b) = 80°
a + b = 40°
In △OAB,
ÐOAB + ÐOBA + ÐAOB = 180°
a + b + q = 180°
40° + q = 180°
q = 140°

Instant Drill 13 (P.11.37)

In △APD,
AP = AD
ÐDAP = ÐADP
ÐDAP + ÐADP + ÐAPD = 180°
2ÐDAP + 66° = 180°
2ÐDAP = 114°
ÐDAP = 57°
ÐQAC + ÐCAD + ÐDAP = 180°
72° + ÐCAD + 57° = 180°
ÐCAD = 51°
ÐCBD = ÐCAD
= 51°

Instant Drill 14 (P.11.38)

Let BR = x cm.
BQ = QR BR = (12 x) cm
AQ = BQ
= (12 x) cm
CR = BR
= x cm
CP = PR CR = (13 x) cm
AP = CP
= (13 x) cm
∵ AQ + AP = PQ
∴ (12 x) + (13 x) = 21
2x = 4
x =2
∴ The length of BR is 2 cm.

Instant Drill 15 (P.11.39)

(a) ÐDOE = ÐDOC = x
ÐAOB = ÐAOE
ÐAOB + ÐAOE + ÐDOE + ÐDOC = 180°
2ÐAOB + 2x = 180°
ÐAOB + x = 90°
ÐAOB = 90° x
(b) Let r be the radius of the semi-circle.
ÐOBA = 90° and ÐOCD = 90°.
ÐOBA + ÐOCD = 90° + 90°
= 180°
∴ AB // DC
Construct AF ^ CD. Then ABCF is a rectangle.

In △ADF,
DF = CD CF
=9 4
=5
AE = AB = 4
DE = DC = 9
∴ AD = AE + DE
=4+9
= 13
By Pythagoras’ theorem,
AF + DF = AD
2 2 2

AF =
=
= 12
∵ AF = BC = 2r
∴ 2r = 12
r =6
∴ The radius of the semi-circle is 6.

Instant Drill 16 (P.11.41)

Join AB and construct AC ^ BQ.

∵ PQ is a common tangent.
∴ AP ^ PQ and BQ ^ PQ.
∴ ACQP is a rectangle.
∴ CQ = AP and AC = PQ.
In △ABC,
AB = 4 + 9 = 13
BC = BQ CQ
=9 4
=5
By Pythagoras’ theorem,
AC + BC = AB 2 2 2

AC =
=
= 12
∴ PQ = AC = 12

Instant Drill 17 (P.11.51)

ÐPQR = ÐRPB = 72°
ÐRPQ = ÐDQR = 63°
In △PQR,
ÐPRQ + ÐPQR + ÐRPQ = 180°
x + 72° + 63° = 180°
x = 45°

Instant Drill 18 (P.11.52)

ÐCTP = ÐCAT = 45°
ÐBTQ = ÐBAT = 40°
∵ AB // CT
∴ ÐATC = ÐBAT = 40°
ÐCTP + ÐATC + ÐATB + ÐBTQ = 180°
45° + 40° + q + 40° = 180°
q = 55°
In △ABT,
ÐBAT + ÐATB + ÐABT = 180°
40° + 55° + f = 180°
f = 85°
Alternative Method
ÐACB = ÐATB = q
ÐBCT = ÐBAT = 40°
∵ AB // CT
∴ ÐBAC + ÐACT = 180°
ÐCAT + ÐBAT + ÐBCT + ÐACB = 180°
45° + 40° + 40° + q = 180°
q = 55°
ÐABT + ÐACT = 180°
f + 55° + 40° = 180°
f = 85°

Instant Drill 19 (P.11.53)

ÐBAC = 90°
∵ AB = AC
∴ ÐABC = ÐACB
In △ABC,
ÐABC + ÐACB + ÐBAC = 180°
2ÐABC + 90° = 180°
2ÐABC = 90°
ÐABC = 45°
∴ ÐABC = ÐCAQ = 45°
∴ PQ is the tangent to the circle at A.
(converse of Ð in alt. segment)

Instant Drill 20 (P.11.59)

ÐBAC = 90° Ð in semi-
i.e. CA ^ AB circle
∴ CA is the tangent to the
circle at A.
converse of
tangent ^
radius

Instant Drill 21 (P.11.60)

Let ÐADB = ÐBEC = a,

ÐDCE = ÐACB = b and ÐACE =
c.
In △BCE, Ð sum of △
ÐCBE + ÐBEC + ÐBCE
= 180°
ÐCBE + a + b + c = 180°
ÐCBE = 180° a b c Ð sum of △
In △ACD,
ÐCAD + ÐADC + ÐACD
= 180°
ÐCAD + a + b + c = 180°
converse of Ðs
ÐCAD = 180° a b c
in the same
∴ ÐCBE = ÐCAD segment
∴ A, B, C and F are concyclic.

Instant Drill 22 (P.11.62)

(a)ÐBCD = ÐAFB ext. Ð, cyclic
quad.
ÐAEB = ÐAFB Ðs in the same
∴ ÐBCD = ÐAEB segment
∴ B, C, D and E are ext. Ð = int.
concyclic. opp. Ð

(b)(i) ∵ AC = AD given
∴ ÐACD = ÐADC base Ðs,
∴ ÐAEB = ÐADC isos. △
∴ BE // CD corr. Ðs equal

(ii) ∵ BE // CD proved in (b)

∴ ÐABE = ÐACD (i)
corr. Ðs,
∴ ÐABE = ÐAEB
BE // CD
∴
equal angles,
equal arcs
Instant Drill 23 (P.11.63)
(a) Produce RH to cut PQ at U.

H is the orthocentre of given

△PQR. by definition
∴ ÐPTQ = ÐQUR = 90°
given
QS is a diameter. Ð in semi-
∴ ÐSPQ = ÐSRQ = 90° circle
i.e. ÐSPQ = ÐQUR and
ÐSRQ = ÐPTQ
∴ PS // UR and PT // SR corr. Ðs equal
i.e. PS // HR and PH // SR
∴ PHRS is a
by definition
parallelogram.
(b) G is the circumcentre of △PQR.
∴ QG = GS
QT = TR
∵ PT // SR
∴ SR = 2GT
= 2 ´ 4 cm
= 8 cm
PH = SR = 8 cm
PG = PH + HG
= (8 + 2) cm
= 10 cm
∴ The radius of the circle is 10 cm.

Instant Drill Corner 11.1 (P.11.4)

1. ÐBAD + ÐBCD = 180°
a + 60° = 180°
a = 120°

2. ÐQRS + ÐQPS = 180°

c + 128° = 180°
c = 52°

3.
ÐBCD + ÐBAD = 180°
f + 80° + 70° = 180°
f = 30°
Instant Drill Corner 11.2 (P.11.7)
1. ÐADE = ÐCBE
y = 80°

2. ÐCBD = ÐAED
b = 110°

3. ÐCBD = ÐAED
2c = 130°
c = 65°

Instant Drill Corner 11.3 (P.11.8)

1. ∵ AB = BC
∴ ÐBAC = ÐBCA = 35°
ÐACD = 90°
ÐBAD + ÐBCD = 180°
ÐBAC + ÐCAD + ÐACD + ÐBCA = 180°
35° + x + 90° + 35° = 180°
x = 20°

2. : = ÐABD : ÐBAD
=
ÐABD = 40°
y = ÐABC
= ÐABD + ÐCBD
= 40° + 26°
= 66°

3. ∵ AB // CD
∴ ÐBCD = ÐABC = 56°
ÐCBD = z
∵ CD = BC
∴ ÐCDB = ÐCBD = z
In △BCD,
ÐBCD + ÐCDB + ÐCBD = 180°
56° + z + z = 180°
2z = 124°
z = 62°

4. ÐPQR = ÐRTS
x + 20° = 70°
x = 50°
∵ PQ = PT
∴ ÐPTQ = ÐPQT
= 50°
In △PQT,
ÐPTQ + ÐPQT + ÐQPT = 180°
50° + 50° + ÐQPT = 180°
ÐQPT = 80°
y = ÐQPT
= 80°

Instant Drill Corner 11.4 (P.11.16)

1. ÐBAD = ÐBCE = 79°
∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic. (ext. Ð = int. opp. Ð)

2. ÐBAD + ÐBCD = 83° + 107°

= 190°
¹ 180°
∴ A, B, C and D are not concyclic.

3. ÐABD = ÐACD = 30°

∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic.
(converse of Ðs in the same segment)

4. ÐABC + 50° + 90° = 180°

ÐABC = 40°
ÐADC = 50°
∴ ÐABC ¹ ÐADC
∴ A, B, C and D are not concyclic.

Instant Drill Corner 11.5 (P.11.19)

1. ∵ AD // BC
∴ ÐADC + ÐBCD = 180°
ÐADC = 180° b
ÐADC + ÐABC = 180° b + b
= 180°
∴ A, B, C and D are concyclic. (opp. Ðs supp.)

2. In △ABC,
ÐBAC + ÐABC + ÐBCA = 180°
ÐBAC + 40° + 32° + 32° = 180°
ÐBAC = 76°
ÐBDC = 40°
∴ ÐBAC ¹ ÐBDC
∴ A, B, C and D are not concyclic.

3. ÐBAC = ÐBDC = 38°

∴ ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
(converse of Ðs in the same segment)
ÐABC + ÐADC = 180°
m + 60° + 38° = 180°
m = 82°

4. ÐBAD = 90° + 20°

= 110°
= ÐECD
∴ ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
(ext. Ð = int. opp. Ð)
ÐADC + ÐABC = 180°
x + 65° = 180°
x = 115°

5. ÐBCD + ÐBAD = 54° + 126°

= 180°
∴ ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral. (opp. Ðs supp.)
ÐADP = 90°
ÐABC = ÐADP
x = 90°

Instant Drill Corner 11.6 (P.11.27)

1. ÐOAT = 90°
m + 50° = 90°
m = 40°

2. ÐOAP = 90°
In △OAP,
ÐOAP + ÐPOA + ÐAPO = 180°
90° + 20° + x = 180°
x = 70°
3. ÐOAP = 90°
In △OAP, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
OA + AP = OP 2 2 2

r + 30 = 34 2 2 2

r = 256 2

r = 16 or 16 (rejected)

4. OP + BP = (16 + 12 ) cm = 400 cm
2 2 2 2 2 2

OB = 20 cm = 400 cm
2 2 2 2

∵ OB = OP + BP 2 2 2

∴ ÐOPB = 90°
i.e. OP ^ AB
∴ AB is the tangent to the circle at P.
(converse of tangent ^ radius)

Instant Drill Corner 11.7 (P.11.30)

1. ÐOAT = 90°
In △OAT, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
OT = OA + TA 2 2 2

k = 15 + 20 2 2 2

k = 625 2

k = 25 or 25 (rejected)

2. ∵ OA = OB
∴ ÐOAB = ÐOBA = 40°
ÐOAT = 90°
n + 40° = 90°
n = 50°

3. ∵ CB = CA
∴ ÐOBC = ÐOAC = 28°
∵ OC = OB
∴ ÐOCB = ÐOBC = 28°
In △ABC,
ÐOAC + ÐOBC + ÐOCB + ÐOCA = 180°
28° + 28° + 28° + ÐOCA = 180°
ÐOCA = 96°
¹ 90°
∴ AC is not the tangent to the circle at C.

4. Join OP and OT.

OT ^ PQ
In △OPT, by Pythagoras’ theorem,
PT + OT = OP 2 2 2

PT =
=
= 12
∵ PT = QT
∴ PQ = 2PT
= 2 ´ 12
= 24

Instant Drill Corner 11.8 (P.11.36)

1. ÐOTA = ÐOTB
a = 40°
TA = TB
b=5

2. TA = TB
c=8
ÐOAT = 90°
ÐOTA = ÐOTB = 28°
In △AOT,
ÐAOT + ÐOAT + ÐOTA = 180°
d + 90° + 28° = 180°
d = 62°

Instant Drill Corner 11.9 (P.11.42)

1. (a) The required angle is ÐRPO.
(b) The required angle is ÐPOQ.
(c) The required line segment is PR.