Chapter 6 Triangles 5.

We know that the bisector of an angle of a triangle

divides the opposite side in the ratio of the sides
containing the angle. (1)
1. (d) DABC ~ DDEF
\ BD : DC = AB : AC = 3 : 2 (1)
AB BC 1 6
\ = Þ = [Q 3AB = DE] 6. In DABC, we have
DE EF 3 EF
PQ || BC
Þ EF = 18 cm
AQ AP
AO BO 3x - 1 2 x + 1 Þ = [by Thales theorem] (1)
2. (a) We have, = Þ = QC PB
OC OD 5x - 3 6x - 5
AQ 6
[Q diagonals of a trapezium divide Þ = Þ AQ = 9 cm
6 4 (1)
each other proportionally]
7. In DBPA, we have
\ (3x - 1)(6x - 5) = (2 x + 1)(5x - 3)
DC|| AP [given](1/2)
Þ 18x 2 - 21x + 5 = 10 x 2 - x - 3
Therefore, by basic proportionality theorem, we have
Þ 8x 2 - 20 x + 8 = 0 BC BD
= ...(i) (1/2)
Þ 2 x 2 - 5x + 2 = 0 Þ (x - 2 )(2 x - 1) = 0 CP DA
1 In DBCA, we have
Þ x = 2 or x =
2 DE || AC [given]
1
But x = makes OC negative. Hence, x = 2
2 Therefore, by basic proportionality theorem, we have
3. (c) Given, MN || QR, therefore BE BD
= ...(ii) (1/2)
P EC DA
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
BC BE BE BC
= or = Hence proved. (1/2)
M 1 2 N CP EC EC CP
8. Ð AOB + Ð BOC = 180° [by linear pair axiom]
3 4 \ Ð AOB = 180° - ÐBOC = 180° - 125° = 55°
Q R Ð DOC = Ð AOB = 55°
Ð1 = Ð 3 [vertically opposite angles]
and Ð2 = Ð 4 [corresponding angles] Now, in DCOD,
So, by AA similarity criterion, ÐDCO = 180° - (ÐCDO + ÐCOD )
DPMN ~ DPQR = 180° - (70° + 55° ) = 180° - 125° = 55° (1)
MN PM Since, DODC ~ DOBA,
\ =
QR PQ Ð DCO = Ð OAB [corresponding angles
MN 6 of similar triangles are congruent]
Þ = [Q PQ = PM + MQ]
28 6+ 8 But Ð DCO = 55° [proved above]
6 and ÐOAB = 55°
Þ MN = ´ 28 = 12 cm
14 Hence, ÐDOC = 55°, ÐDCO = 55° and ÐOAB = 55°
(1)
4. (c) Given, DE || BC, AD = x + 2, DB = x - 2,
9. In DPQR and DTSR,
AE = x + 3 and EC = x - 4 ÐP = ÐT (given),
By Thales theorem, ÐPRQ = ÐTRS [vertically opposite angles]
AD AE
\ = By AA similarity criterion,
DB EC
DPQR ~ DTSR
x+2 x+3
Þ = PQ QR PR
x -2 x - 4 Þ = =
TS SR RT
Þ (x + 2 ) (x - 4) = (x + 3) (x - 2 ) [if two triangles are similar, then corresponding sides
Þ x 2 - 2x - 8 = x 2 + x - 6 of triangles are proportional] (1)
Þ - 2x - x = 8 - 6 QR PR
Þ =
Þ - 3x = 2 SR RT
x=-
2 QR ´ RT 15 ´ 4
Þ Þ RS = = = 5 cm (1)
3 PR 12
10. Given, PR = 10 cm and PM = 4 cm By Thales theorem, we get
PD PS
In DQRM, R =
DQ SR
1 4x - 3 8x - 7
Þ =
M 3x - 1 5x - 3
Þ (4x - 3)(5x - 3) = (8x - 7 )(3x - 1)
3 Þ 20 x 2 - 12 x + 9 - 15x = 24x 2 - 21x - 8x + 7 (1)
4 2 2
Þ 4x - 2 x - 2 = 0
Q P
Þ 2x 2 - x - 1 = 0
ÐM = 90° 2
Þ 2x - 2x + x - 1 = 0
Þ Ð1 + Ð 3 = 90° … (i)
Þ 2 x (x - 1) + 1(x - 1) = 0 (1)
Again, ÐQ = 90° Þ Ð 3 + Ð 4 = 90° … (ii) (1)
Þ (x - 1)(2 x + 1) = 0
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 1
Þ x = - or x = 1
Ð1 + Ð 3 = Ð 3 + Ð 4 2
Þ Ð1 = Ð 4 1 æ 1ö
If x = - , then PD = 4 ´ ç - ÷ - 3 = -5 < 0
2 è 2ø
Similarly, Ð2 = Ð 3
[not possible]
Now, in DQMR and DPMQ,
Hence, x = 1 is the required value. (1)
Ð1 = Ð 4
Ð2 = Ð 3 (1) 13. Given A DABC and D, E are two points on AB such
that AD = BE. Also, DP || BC and EQ || AC.
\ DQMR ~ DPMQ
By AA similarity criterion, To prove PQ || AB
QM MR Proof In DABC,
= DP || BC
PM MQ
AD AP
Þ MQ 2 = PM ´ MR \ = …(i) (1/2)
DB PC
= 4´ 6 [Q MR = PR - PM = 10 - 4 = 6]
[by Thales theorem]
Þ MQ = 2 6 cm (1)
In DCBA, EQ || AC
11. (i) In DABC and DAED, BE BQ
\ = by Thales theorem] (1/2)
ÐABC = ÐAED [given] EA QC
ÐBAC = ÐEAD [common angle] AD BQ
Þ = …(ii) (1/2)
\ DABC ~ DAED [by AA similarity criterion] (1) BD QC
(ii) Since, DABC ~ DAED éQ BE = AD and ù
AB BC AC ê EA = ED + DA = DE + EB = BD ú
Þ = = ë û
AE ED AD
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
[Q corresponding sides of similar triangles
are in the same ratio] AP BQ
=
AB 7 PC QC
Þ =
5 3 \ PQ || AB
[Q AE = 5 cm, AC = 7cm and AD = 3 cm] [by converse of Thales theorem]
Þ 3 AB = 35 Hence proved. (1½)
35 2
Þ AB = = 11 cm 14. (i) In DABE and DACD,
3 3 (1)
ÐABE = ÐACD
2 2
\ BD = AB - AD = 11 – 3 = 8 cm [corresponding angles as BE||CD]
3 3 (1)
ÐAEB = ÐADC
12. Given, in DPQR, DS || QR [corresponding angles as BE||CD] (1)
P
and ÐBAE = ÐCAD [common angle]
\ DABE ~DACD [by AAA similarity criterion]
4x – 3 8x – 7 BE AB 8 8
Þ = = =
D S CD AC 8 + 3 11 (2)
3x – 1 5x – 3
(ii) It is a trapezium, which has 2 parallel sides BE
Q R and CD. (2)
15. Draw DABC and DFEG and then draw bisectors CD 16. Given, in DABC and DPQR, AD and PM are their
and GH of ÐACB and ÐEGF such that D lies on AB medians, respectively.
and H lies on FE. AB AC AD
\ = = ...(i)
A
PQ PR PM
F
To prove DABC ~ DPQR
Construction Produce AD to E such that AD = DE
D and produce PM to N such that PM = MN.
H
Join BE, CE, QN and RN.
B C E G A
(1/2) P
(i) Given, DABC ~ DFEG 1 3
So, all corresponding angles are equal. 2 4

\ ÐCAB = ÐGFE B
D
C
Q R
or ÐCAD = Ð GFH ...(i) M

and ÐACB = ÐFGE

1 1 E
Þ ÐACB = ÐFGE [dividing both sides by 2] N
2 2 (1)
Þ ÐACD = ÐFGH …(ii) Proof Quadrilaterals ABEC and PQNR are
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), parallelograms because their diagonals bisect each
other at D and M, respectively.
DACD ~ DFGH [by AA similarity criterion]
\ BE = AC and QN = PR
CD AC
\ = [since, corresponding sides of BE QN
GH FG Þ =1 and =1
AC PR
two similar triangles are proportional] (1½)
BE QN BE AC
(ii) In DDCB and DHGE, Þ = or =
AC PR QN PR
ÐDBC = ÐHEG …(iii) BE AB
Þ = [from Eq. (i)]
éQ DABC ~ DFEG ù QN PQ
ê\
ë ÐABC = ÐFEG Þ ÐDBC = ÐHEG úû AB BE
or = …(ii) (1)
and ÐDCB = ÐHGE …(iv) PQ QN
é ù From Eq. (i), we get
êQ DABC ~ DFEG ú AB AD 2 AD AE
ê ú = = =
\ Ð ACB = Ð FGE PQ PM 2 PM PN
ê ú
ê 1 1 [since, diagonals bisect each other]
Þ ÐDCB = ÐHGE ú
êë Þ 2 ÐACB = 2 ÐFGE úû AB AE
Þ = …(iii) (1)
From Eqs. (iii) and (iv), PQ PN
DDCB ~ DHGE [by AA similarity criterion](1½) From Eqs. (ii) and (iii),
(iii) In DDCA and DHGF, AB BE AE
= =
ÐDAC = ÐHFG …(v) PQ QN PN
é Q DABC ~ DFEG ù Þ DABE ~ DPQN Þ Ð1 = Ð2 …(iv)
ê \ ÐCAB = ÐGFE ú [since, corresponding angles of two
ê ú
êë Þ ÐCAD = ÐGFH or ÐDAC = ÐHFG úû similar triangles are equal]
and ÐDCA = ÐHGF …(vi) Similarly, we can prove that
é ù DACE ~ DPRN Þ Ð 3 = Ð 4 …(v) (1)
êQ DABC ~ DFEG ú On adding Eqs. (iv) and (v), we get
ê ú
ê\ ÐACB = ÐFGE ú Ð1 + Ð 3 = Ð2 + Ð 4
ê 1 1 ú Þ ÐBAC = ÐQPR
êë Þ ÐACB = ÐFGE Þ ÐDCA = Ð HGF ú
2 2 û AB AC
and = [from Eq. (i)]
From Eqs. (v) and (vi), PQ PR
DDCA ~ DHGF [by AA similarity criterion] \ DABC ~ DPQR [by SAS similarity criterion]
Hence proved. (1½) Hence proved. (1)