Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Submitted By
Harshita Jain
3PSECO
2130530
Dr Sonia David
Introduction
A test of visual-spatial working memory is the Corsi block test. On a series of square targets
that are spatially arranged, participants are instructed to duplicate click sequences (Mueller,
2011). The length of the sequence increases with trials. The memory span of an individual is
Method
Aim
To assess visuospatial working memory span using Corsi block tapping test.
Plan
Administer the computerized Corsi Block Tapping Test through PEBL to the participant. The
purpose is to assess the short-term memory for visual sequences in one direction namely – a
forward task or forward response modality (Corsi, 1972; Kessels et al., 2000 as cited in
Brunetti, et al., 2014 ). The test assesses the visuospatial short-term memory of the participant
through the accurate recall of visual sequences in spatial locations that increase in length as
trials proceed. Results will be analysed to compare individual and group memory spans.
Hypothesis
H₀1. The visuospatial short-term memory span of the participant does not deviate from the
group mean.
Materials
Corsi block tapping test (Computerized test, PEBL, Mueller, 2011). The original Corsi
block tapping test measures visuospatial short-term memory and is specifically used among
populations with normal brain functioning and clinical populations with brain trauma and/or
brain lesions. A standardized computer version, adapted from the original block tapping test
by Corsi (1972), includes instructions, apparatus configuration, specific trials and scoring
measures which help in norm development (Kessels et al., 2000). In the current computerized
PEBL version, the setup consists of nine small blue squares (90-pixel sides adapted from the
original blocks of 30 mm each) presented irregularly and lit up one at a time on the computer
screen. The subject must use the mouse to click on the blocks (presented as flashing squares)
and reproduce the order they are lit (Pearson & Sahraie, 2003; LeFevre et al., 2010 as cited in
Brunetti, et al., 2014 ). The test begins with a sequence of two units presented for two trials
and, if the subject succeeds, increasingly longer sequences are presented. Each time a
maximum of two equal-unit sequences is tapped out. If the participant reproduces even one
sequence of the same length correctly, they proceed to sequences that are one item longer
(Brunetti et al. 2014). The test ends when the participant reproduces two consecutive
Procedure
The participant is seated comfortably and the computer is set at an ideal distance at eye level,
from the participant. The settings on the device being used to administer the test, are checked
thoroughly before starting the assessment. It is ensured that the testing environment is free
from distractions and adequate lighting is provided. Rapport is established with the
participant. After the detailed instructions and queries, if any, the participant is asked to start
the test.
Sampling process
Name (initials):
Age:
Sex:
Education:
Process
The test begins with the standard instructions displayed on PEBL. The participant has to click
the mouse to proceed. Before the presentation of the stimulus, a visual prompt “Ready” is
given. Following this, three practice trials with a sequence length of three units are presented.
After the practice trials, the participant is prompted to respond to the main test where the
response will be counted towards the score (See appendix A - image 1). The assessment
begins with the starting sequence of two units and is presented with two trials, and
subsequently for every sequence length. After completing each trial, the participant has to
click “Done” to proceed to the next trial and is given immediate feedback about their
response - ‘correct’ if the sequence is reproduced correctly and ‘incorrect’ if the sequence is
reproduced incorrectly. On successful completion of two trials for one sequence length, the
trial shifts to the next sequence which is one item longer. In this way, the participant proceeds
till two consecutive errors are made in a given sequence length. At this point, the test is
terminated and the participant is presented with the summary report on the computer screen
(See appendix B- image 2). The participant’s span is defined by the last sequence length
reproduced with one or no errors before the task was terminated (Brunetti et al., 2014).
Instructions
“You are about to take part in a test that measures your ability to remember a sequence of
locations on the screen. You will see nine blue squares on the screen. On each trial, the
squares will be lit up one at a time in sequence. Remember the sequence. When the sequence
is finished, you need to click on each square in the same order they were given. When you are
done, click the button labelled ‘done.’ If you cannot remember the order of squares, click
them in as close to the original order as you can. You will start with a sequence of two
squares, and you will get two tries for each sequence length. The sequence will increase by
one whenever you get at least one of the two sequences correct. Click the mouse button when
(For the practice trials) “You will first perform three practice trials to become familiar with
the test.”
Debriefing
“Thank you for your participation in this experiment. Your data will be kept confidential and
will only be used for academic purposes. The purpose of this assessment was to assess the
visuospatial memory span of the subject and interpret it according to group norms. You may
ask for any other clarifications that you have regarding this assessment.”
● The participant is reminded before the experiment to be fast and accurate. If there are
any challenges faced by the participant during the course of the assessment, this could
be addressed as well.
● The participant is allowed to try out the practice trials to understand the instructions
Analysis
The data is captured in the datasheet in PEBL. Two outputs are referred to for analysis
namely: Corsi Summary and Corsi Trial. The score on the Corsi block tapping test is the
memory span based on the last sequence that was correctly reproduced before the task is
terminated. The memory span of the individual is reported from the summary output. The
total number of actual trials that were correctly attempted and the average time taken across
actual trials are calculated. The actual trials completed successfully and the average time
The group mean and standard deviation of the memory span of the group are calculated to
determine the group norms using the formula (Mean +/- 1 Std Dev). The distribution is
categorized as below average, average, and above average. The memory span of the
participant is compared with the group norms to interpret their visual-spatial memory span.
The range in the group (maximum - minimum score) for the memory span is also determined.
Furthermore, the memory span of the subject is compared to the group mean to verify the null
hypothesis.
Ethical Considerations
The data of the participant and the group were kept confidential throughout the length of the
experiment.
All of the extraneous variables which could affect the accuracy of the responses were
The participants were debriefed regarding the experiment beforehand and were
provided with instructions regarding the pace and the content of the experiment. (cite APA
website)
Introspective Report
Initially, the test was simple since the sequences were short in length. My response time was
also short for the first few sequences. As the length of the sequence went up to six and
progressed further, the number of errors I made increased. It was difficult to keep track of the
Results
Participant Number of Memory span Interpretation Average time taken across trials
correct trials (ms)
3 SJ 6 Above average
4 AP 6 Above average
5.5
7 VA Above average
10 RKS 5 Average
11 AV 5 Average
12 JK 6 Above average
15 AY 5 Average
16 SS 5 Average
18 SS 5 Average
21 DD 5 Average
23 TA 5 Average
24 GG 5 Average
25 MV 6 Above average
26 AM 5 Average
28 SS 5 Average
Mean 5.46
Std. 0.576
Dev.
Range 2.5
Score Interpretation
5.50-6.00 Average
Discussion
Upon comparing the individual’s scores with the group, it is found that their scores do not
deviate from the Standard Deviation, and the subject is in the above-average range.
Conclusion
Subject HJ proves the hypothesis as states, “The visuospatial short-term memory span of the
http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.html
Brunetti, R., Del Gatto, C., & Delogu, F. (2014). eCorsi: implementation and testing of the
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00939
Kessels, R. P., Van Zandvoort, M. J., Postma, A., Kappelle, L. J., & De Haan, E. H. (2000).
Mueller, S. T. (2011). The PEBL Corsi Block Test. Computer Software retrieved from
http://pebl.sf.net
The jamovi project (2022). jamovi. (Version 2.3) [Computer Software]. Retrieved from
https://www.jamovi.org.
Appendix A
Image 1
Appendix B
Image 2
Experiment 2: Color Stroop Effect
Submitted By
Harshita Jain
3PSECO
2130530
The Stroop Colour and Word Test is used extensively to analyse the cognitive interference
that occurs when the processing of one stimulus delays the processing of an attribute of the
same stimulus. In the test, the participant is presented with a series of words, such as blue,
green, red, yellow, and, when, etc., and asked to recognize the colour in which the words are
displayed, and not the word itself (Scarpina. F & Tagini. S, 2017).
At the beginning of the test, the participants are made to complete a practice run to get a hang
of how the test would be conducted. The four colours, red, blue, green, and yellow, are
press the number key which is associated with the colour in which the word is displayed. The
test measures the number of errors the participant makes in the test and the mean response
METHOD
Aim
Plan
Administer the computerized Colour Stroop task through PEBL to the participant. The
purpose is to assess whether the processing of one stimulus feature is interfering with the
processing of other features of the same stimulus. If there are no errors made in responding
under different stimulus feature variant conditions, then it indicates the participant’s ability to
Hypotheses
H01.There is no difference in the accuracy or errors made between the three conditions of the
colour naming task
H02.There is no difference in the mean response time between the three conditions of the
Materials
Colour Stroop Task on PEBL. The Stroop effect is named after John Ridley Stroop (Stroop.
J R, 1935). This is one of the frequently used tests to measure the selective attention capacity
of the subject. The Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL) version of the test is
used in the current experiment (Mueller & Piper, 2014). The task consists of three conditions
where subjects are expected to identify the colour of the words presented on the screen.
Condition 1 Congruent (C). In this condition, the meaning of the words and the colour of the
Condition 2 Incongruent (I). In this condition the meaning of the words and colour of the
Condition 3 Neutral (N). In this condition, the meaning of the words is not related to any
colours.
Procedure
The participant is seated comfortably. Rapport has to be established. After the basic
orientation to the test, the participant will be asked to start the test.
Intake process
Participant details
Name (initials):
Age:
Sex:
Education:
Process
Numbers 1 to 4 will be assigned to colours such as Red, Blue, Yellow and green. The
participant will be instructed to identify the colour of the word, presented on the screen for a
few milliseconds, by pressing the assigned number on the keypad. A few practice trials have
to be given to reduce the interference of response delay. After the practice trial, the
participant will be asked to continue the experiment. The three conditions have a total of 56
trials in each, including 8 practice trials under each condition. Hence, there are a total of 24
Instructions
“You are about to take part in a task in which you will be asked to determine the colour that
written words appear. Sometimes, the words will be actual colour names. When this happens,
try not to respond with the written colour name, but only with the colour of the word with the
1-2-3-4 keys on the top of the keyboard. Colours assigned to each number are: 1 = red 2 =
Debriefing
Thank you for your participation in this experiment. Your data will be kept confidential and
will only be used for academic purposes. The purpose of this experiment was to see if
irrelevant stimuli interfere and create conflict with colour-naming abilities when put under
certain conditions. The majority of people show the existence of the conflict. If you have any
controlled during the test to the best of the ability of the experimenter.
• The participant is given some practice sessions to learn the number associated with
colour.
o The data is captured on PEBL in terms of average response time and accuracy
(number of errors made). Three columns are to be considered from the PEBL
excel data sheet for calculation - rt, random-error and incongruence error. The
‘cond’ column indicates the respective three conditions, which are presented
calculated based on average response time and accuracy. Mean response time
has to be calculated separately for each condition under actual trials, and the
the statistical mean of all the errors across all actual trials, separately for each
condition.
Ethical Considerations
the duration of the test. The self-administering nature of the test ensured that the
respondent’s results could not be associated with their respective identity
Introspective Report
The simplicity of the test astounded me at first, but when I actually started attempting
to answer, it became increasingly taxing. The screen kept blurring out my vision, and
the excess concentration made me mildly dizzy. Regardless, the test itself was very
simple, provided the instruction given was not complex in nature. However, the
length of the test was extremely long, which made it difficult to concentrate on giving
the right answer. As the pace of the recurrence increased, the difficulty related to
answering also increased. Other than that, the test was extremely simple, leaving out
Table 1
Summary table of Mean response time and mean accuracy across Congruent, Incongruent
HJ Congruent 1
830.292
Incongruent
894.979 0.958
Neutral 1
867.354
Discussion
After taking the test, the results show a disparity between the three conditions as stated in the
hypotheses. There seems to exist a difference in the Mean Response time, such that
Though minimal, there exists a disparity in the Mean Accuracy of the respondent between the
HJ disproves the hypotheses, as stated “There is no difference in the accuracy or errors made
between the three conditions of the colour naming task,” and “There is no difference in the
mean response time between the three conditions of the colour naming task.”
References
Scarpina, F, & Tagini, S. (2017). The Stroop Color and Word Test. Frontiers in Psychology,
8, 557. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00557
Mueller, S. T., & Piper, B. J. (2014). The psychology experiment building language (PEBL)
Stroop, John Ridley (1935). Studies of Interference in Serial Verbal Reactions. Journal of