Post Laboratory

Determining Molar Mass and Percentage Composition of a Compound

Rejoto, Paolo P.
II-Charlie
I. OBJECTIVES
1. To be able to describe a given substance (compound) qualitatively and
quantitatively.
2. To be able to define molar mass and percentage composition conceptually and
operationally.
3. To be able to determine percentage composition
4. To be able determine the molar mass

II. INTRODUCTION
Chemistry is a fundamentals such as calculating a compound's molar mass and
percentage composition can shed light on a substance's composition and structure.
These measures are necessary for completing quantitative analyses, identifying
unknown chemicals, and comprehending the proportions of chemical reactions.
Percentage composition refers to the relative amount of each component in a
compound or mixture, expressed as a percentage of the total mass or volume. It is a
quantitative method of describing the composition of matter and provides insight into its
chemical or physical properties. In chemistry, it helps determine the stoichiometry of
chemical reactions, identify unknown substances, and analyze the purity of compounds.
Materials science and engineering require quality control and an understanding of the
properties of alloys, ceramics, and other materials.
Molar mass Refers to the mass of 1 mole of a substance. It is a fundamental
concept in chemistry and is expressed in units of grams per mole (g/mol). Molar mass
allows you to convert between the mass of a substance and the number of moles it
contains. To calculate the molar mass of a compound, sum the atomic masses of all
atoms in the formula. The atomic weight of an element is the weighted average of the
masses of its naturally occurring isotopes, taking into account their relative abundance.
III. METHODOLOGY
Gather the group together and talk about the experiment. Give each participant
the responsibility of bringing at least one sample of any food color that is accessible at
the grocery store or at home. Tell them to make sure each sample weighs between 2-4
grams. Set up a work space with a glass container, such as a beaker, for each sample
when everyone has arrived with their samples. The samples of food coloring are then
brought out and put in the appropriate glass containers. Ensure that the name of the
food color it contains is written on the label of each container. Repeat the procedure
once more with the textile dye samples, identifying each one and putting it in a different
glass container. After that, provide each group member research instructions for the
assigned food color and textile dye, including their common name, chemical name, and
 chemical formula. To get this information, they can consult reference materials or online
sources. Guide the group in estimating the molar and percentage content of each given
food color and textile dye sample when the investigation is finished. Assist when
required, making sure that everyone is aware of the computations. The provided mass
of each assigned food color and textile dye must now be converted into moles. Show
the group how to perform the required calculations, highlighting the significance of
correctly converting the mass to moles. Instruct each group member to share their
gathered data with their other group members once all computations have been
completed. This information comprises the assigned food color and textile dye's
common name, chemical name, chemical formula, molar composition, percentage
composition, and mole conversion values. Overall, if our group follows these
instructions, the experiment will be a success, and each participant will have gathered
and provided information on their designated food color and textile dye samples.

IV. RESULTS AND FINDINGS

Table 1.1. Food Color Qualitative Features
Substance Common Name Chemical Chemical Color Other
Number Name Formula Physical
Properties
Food Color 1 Allura Red FD AND C Red C18H14N2Na208S2 Red Powered or
40 liquid
Food Color 2 Green Food Color TARTRAZINE C16H9N4Na3O9S2 Green Powered or
liquid
Food Color 3 Sunset Yellow or FD AND C C16H10N2Na2O7S2 Orange Powered or
Orange YELLOW 6 liquid

Table 1.2. Textile Dye Qualitative Features

Substance Common Chemical Chemical Color Other

Number Name Name Formula Physical
Properties
Textile Dye 1 Yellow textile Tartazine C16H9N4Na3O9S2 Yellow Powder or Liquid
dye
Textile Dye 2 Orange textile Yellow sunset C16H10N2Na2O7S2 Orange Powder or Liquid
dye
Textile Dye 3 Blue textile dye Brilliant blue C37H34N2Na2O9S3 Blue Powder or Liquid
FCF
Table 2.1. Food Color Quantitative Features

Substanc Chemical Chemical Molar Mass Percentage Color No. of

e Number Name Formula Composition Moles
Food Anthocyanin C15H11O6 287.26g/ C= 67.71% Violet 0.007
Color 1 mol H= 3.87% mole
O= 33.32%
Food Allura red C18H14N2O8S2Na2 469.34g/ C= 43.56% Red 0.003
Color 2 mol H= 2.84% mole
N= 5.65%
O= 25.79%
S= 12.92%
Na= 9.27%
Food Fast green C37H34N2Na2O10S3 808.91g/ C= 54.93% Green 0.002
Color 3 FCF mol H= 4.25% mole
N= 3.46%
Na= 5.69%
O= 19.78%
S= 11.90%

Table 2.2. Textile Dye Quantitative Features

Substance Chemical Chemical Molar Mass Percentage Color No. of

Number Name Formula Composition Moles
Textile Dye Tartazine C16H9N4Na3O9S2 534.41g/ C= 35.96% Yellow 0.004
1 mol H= 1.70% mole
N= 10.49%
Na= 12.91%
O= 26.95%
S= 11.98%
Textile Dye Yellow C16H10N2Na2O7S2 462.4g/mol C= 41.56% Orange 0.004
2 sunset H= 2.18% mole
N= 6.16%
Na= 9.95%
O= 24.22%
S= 13.87%
Textile Dye Brilliant C37H34N2Na2O9S3 792.91g/ C= 56.04% Blue 0.003
3 blue FCF mol H= 4.20% mole
N= 3.53%
Na= 5.80%
O= 18.16%
S= 12.13%
V. DISCUSSION
Molar mass is a crucial parameter in many areas of chemistry. The quantity of
atoms, molecules, and ions that make up a substance is measured in terms of moles.
Any material has 6.0221023 molecules in a mole. We use the mole to quantitatively
measure the size of the smallest species in the same way that we use a standard value
to measure various items, such as 1 dozen equals 12 commodities.
The average atomic weight of an element is calculated using the relative
abundance of isotopes within the naturally occurring element. It is a weighted average
of the naturally occurring isotopic masses. The two names are often used
interchangeably, but they are not. Another problem is that the term "weight" refers to the
force acting in a gravitational field and is measured in units of force such as Newtons.
The term "atomic weight" has been around since 1808, so most people don't worry
about it. However, to avoid confusion, atomic weight is now commonly referred to as
relative atomic weight.
Percentage composition provides a quantitative understanding of the
constituent elements or components within a compound or mixture, enabling scientists,
researchers, and engineers to make informed decisions and draw meaningful
conclusions about the substance's characteristics and behavior.
The formula for percent composition is 100 multiplied by (mass of
element/molecular mass). Calculate the molar mass in grams per mole of each element
in the compound before attempting to determine the complex's percent composition.
Next, ascertain the compound's overall molecular mass. Third, divide the component's
molar mass by the sum of its molecular masses. And now the aa value ranges from 0 to
1. To calculate the percentage component, multiply it by 100. Converting from Grams to
Mole is simple. By dividing the number of grams by the substance's molecular mass,
you may determine the number of moles in a chemical. Otherwise, the concept of mole
is a simple way of defining the amount of matter in a particular space. Almost all
measurements he can be divided into two parts. Numeric size and unit of measure. The
number "2" represents the size of 2 kilograms, and the number "kg" represents the unit.
VI. CONCLUSION
By doing exercises of this kind, each student gains computational experience
and also helps students improve their skills and knowledge for determining molecular
weights and composition percentages of materials. Learners systematically completed
each criterion of the exercise. Understanding moles is very important in learning
chemistry, as moles are used in most quantitative chemical calculations. Understand
how moles relate to mass, number of entities, and other variables. The concept of molar
mass can also be applied to the interpretation of experimental results. When two
comparable moles of two different substances occupy greatly different volumes, it
means that the molecules of the larger substance are much larger than those of the
smaller substance.
VII. REFERENCES
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartrazine
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunset_yellow_FCF
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Arkansas_Little_Rock/
Chem_1402%3A_General_Chemistry_1_(Kattoum)/Text/2%3A_Atoms%2C_Molecules
%2C_and_Ions/5.13%3A_Percent_Composition

VIII. APENDIX
1. What was the usage of molar mass? (Paragraph 1)
2. What was the average of mass in an elements of an atoms? (Paragraph 2)
3. How to calculate percent composition? And how to convert grams to mole? And
also what is mole concept? (Paragraph 3)

COMPUTATION OF TABLE 1.1 FOR CHEMICAL FORMULA

Food color 1 (VIOLET)
 C15H11O6
- C= 15 x 12.1 amu= 180.15
H= 11 x 1.01 amu= 11.21
O= 6 x 16 amu= 96.00

Molar mass= 287.26g/mol

Food color 2 (RED)
 C18H14N2O8S2Na2
- C= 18 x 12.01 amu= 216.18
H= 14 x 1.01 amu= 14.14
N= 2 x 14.01 amu= 28.02
O= 8 x 16.00 amu= 128
S=2 x 32.06 amu= 64.12
Na= 2 x 23.00 amu= 46

Molar mass= 496.34g/mol

Food color 3 (GREEN)
 C37H34N2Na2O10S3
- C= 37 x 12.01 amu= 444.37
H= 34 x 1.01 amu= 34.34
 N= 2 x 14.02 amu= 28.02
Na= 2 x 23.00 amu= 46
O= 10 x 16.00 amu= 160
S= 3 x 32.06 amu= 96.18

Molar mass= 808.91g/mol

COMPUTATION OF TABLE 1.2 FOR CHEMICAL FORMULA
Textile dye 1 (YELLOW)
 C16H9N4Na3O9S2
- C= 16 x 12.01 amu= 192.16
H= 9 x 1.01 amu= 9.09
N= 4 x 14 amu= 56.04
Na= 3 x 23.00 amu= 69
O= 9 x 16.00 amu = 144
S= 2 x 32.06 amu = 64.12

Molar mass= 534.41g/mol

Textile dye 2 (ORANGE)
 C16H10N2Na2O7S2
- C= 16 x 12.01 amu= 192.16
H= 10 x 1.01 amu= 10.1
N= 2 x 14.01 amu= 28.02
Na= 2 x 23.00 amu= 46
O= 7 x 16.00 amu= 112
S=2 x 32.06 amu= 64.12

Molar mass= 462.4

Textile dye 3 (BLUE)
 C37H34N2Na2O9S3
- C= 37 x 12.01 amu= 444.37
H= 34 x 1.01 amu= 34.34
N= 2 x 14.01 amu= 28.02
Na= 2 x 23.00 amu= 46
O= 9 x 16.00 amu= 144
S= 3 x 32.06 amu= 96.18

Molar mass= 792.91g/mol

COMPUTATION OF TABLE 1.1 FOR PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION
Food color 1 PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION
 C15H11O6 C= 180.15÷287.26x100= 62.71%
- C= 15 x 12.1 amu=
H= 11.21÷287.26x100= 3.87%
180.15
H= 11 x 1.01 amu= 11.21 O= 96.00÷287.26x100= 33.42%
O= 6 x 16 amu= 96.00

Molar mass= 287.26g/mol

Food color 2
 C18H14N2O8S2Na2
- C= 18 x 12.01 amu=
216.18
H= 14 x 1.01 amu= 14.14
N= 2 x 14.01 amu= 28.02
O= 8 x 16.00 amu= 128
S=2 x 32.06 amu= 64.12
Na= 2 x 23.00 amu= 46
Molar mass= 496.34g/mol
PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION
C= 216.18÷496.34x100= 43.56%
H= 14.14÷496.34x100= 2.84%
N= 28.02÷496.34x100= 5.65%
O= 128÷496.34x100= 25.79%
S= 64.12÷496.34x100= 12.92%
Na= 46÷496.34x100= 9.27%

PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION
Food color 3 C= 444.37÷808.91x100= 54.93%
 C37H34N2Na2O10S3 H= 34.34÷808.91x100= 4.25%
- C= 37 x 12.01 amu=
444.37
H= 34 x 1.01 amu= 34.34
N= 28.02÷808.91x100= 3.46%
N= 2 x 14.02 amu= 28.02
Na= 2 x 23.00 amu= 46 Na= 46÷808.91x100= 5.69%
O= 10 x 16.00 amu= 160
O= 160÷808.91x100= 19.79%
S= 3 x 32.06 amu= 96.18
S= 96.18÷808.91x100= 11.90%
Molar mass= 808.91g/mol
COMPUTATION OF TABLE 2.2 FOR PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION
Textile dye 1
 C16H9N4Na3O9S2
- C= 16 x 12.01 amu=
PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION
192.16
H= 9 x 1.01 amu= 9.09 C= 192.16÷534.41x100= 35.96%
N= 4 x 14 amu= 56.04
Na= 3 x 23.00 amu= 69 H= 9.09÷534.41x100= 1.70%
O= 9 x 16.00 amu = 144 N= 56.04÷534.41x100= 10.49%
S= 2 x 32.06 amu = 64.12
O= 69÷534.41x100= 12.91%
Molar mass= 534.41g/mol S= 144÷534.41x100= 26.95%
Na= 64.12÷534.41x100= 11.98%
Textile dye 2
 C16H10N2Na2O7S2
- C= 16 x 12.01 amu=
192.16 PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION
H= 10 x 1.01 amu= 10.1 C= 192.16÷462.4x100= 41.56%
N= 2 x 14.01 amu= 28.02
Na= 2 x 23.00 amu= 46 H= 10.1÷462.4x100= 2.18%
O= 7 x 16.00 amu= 112 N= 28.02÷462.4x100= 6.06%
S=2 x 32.06 amu= 64.12
Na= 46÷462.4x100= 9.95%
Molar mass= 462.4g/mol
O= 112÷462.4x100= 24.22%
S= 64.12÷462.4x100= 13.87%
Textile dye 3
 C37H34N2Na2O9S3
PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION
- C= 37 x 12.01 amu=
444.37 C= 444.37÷792.91x100=56.04%
H= 34 x 1.01 amu= 34.34
H= 34.34÷792.91x100=4.33%
N= 2 x 14.01 amu= 28.02
Na= 2 x 23.00 amu= 46 N= 28.02÷792.91x100=3.53%
O= 9 x 16.00 amu= 144
Na= 46÷792.91x100=5.80%
S= 3 x 32.06 amu= 96.18
O= 144÷792.91x100=18.16%
Molar mass= 792.91g/mol
S= 96.18÷792.91x100=12.13%