Chapter 25

Lipid Metabolism
Chapt
Chapter
er 25
Table of Cont
Contents
ents
25.1 Dig
Digestion an
and Absorption of
of Li
Lipids
25.2
25.2 Tri
riac
acy
ylg
lgly
lyce
cero
roll St
Stor
orag
age
e an
and
d Mo
Mobi
bili
liz
zat
atio
ion
n
25.3 Glycerol Metabolism
25.4 Oxidation of Fatty Acids
25.5 ATP Production from Fatty Acid Oxidation
25.6 Ketone Bodies
25.7 Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids: Lipogenesis
25.8 Relationship Between Lipogenesis and Citric Acid Cycle
Cycle  
Intermediates
25.9 Biosynthesis of Cholesterol
25.10 Relationships Between Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism
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Sect
Sectio
ion
n 25.1
25.1
Dige
igestion
stion and Absorpti
Absorption
on of Lipids
Li pids

• Dietary Lipids: 98% triacylglycerols (TAGs):

(TAGs):
 – Fats and oils
• Salivary enzymes (water soluble) in the mouth have no
effect on lipids (TAGs)
(TAGs) which are water insoluble
i nsoluble
• In Stomach: Most, not all, of TAGs
TAGs change physically to
small globule
globules
s or dropl
droplets
ets -- called chyme
chyme which
which floats
above other material:
 – It is a physica
physicall not chemical
chemical process
process -- enters into
small intestine

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Sect
Sectio
ion
n 25.1
25.1
Dige
igestion
stion and Absorpti
Absorption
on of Lipids
Li pids

• Lipid digestion starts in the stomach:

 – Gastric lipase hydroly
hydrolyzes
zes ester bo
bonds
nds -- 2 fatty acids
and one monoacylglycerol
m onoacylglycerol --About 10% of T
TAGS
AGS are
hydrolyzed
• High fat foods
foods stay in stomach for longer time -- high fat meal
gives you a feeling of being full for longer time

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Sect
Sectio
ion
n 25.1
25.1
Dige
igestion
stion and Absorpti
Absorption
on of Lipids
Li pids

• Chyme enters into small intestine and is emulsified

(stabilization of colloidal suspension) with bile salts
• Pancreatic lipase hydrolyzes ester bonds of fatty
f atty acids
and glycerol
 – Normally 2 out of 3 fatty acids are hydrolyzed
• Fatty acids, monoacyglycerols and bile salts make small
droplets:
drople ts: called
called micelles
micelles -- hydrophobic
hydrophobic chain in the
interior 
• Micelles consist of monoacyglycerols and free fatty
acids:
 – Small enough to absorb through intestinal cells

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