PERIODICAL
SIENCE
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
ENZYMES AND HORMONES
- made up of protein
PROTEIN
- the most varied molecule in which the human
body contains at least 10000 different kinds of
proteins.
- they act as a barrier, has a big part in blood
clotting.The unique characteristics are determined
by the type of proteins they possess.
- The proteins that occur in the body are
large,complex molecules composed mainly
oxygen, hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen.It acts as
an enzyme or catalyst for chemical reaction
reactions in cells.
- Proteins are made up of amino acids. Amino
acids are the building blocks which are made up
of long chains of chemical units.
- it use the message it got from DNA to know the
types of amino acid.
Our body system can synthesize non-essential
amino acids through metabolic process from
simple organic molecules and the nine essential
amino acids must be obtained from the dietary
food we intake
There are three kinds of RNA in which cells
build proteins.
MESSENGER RNA
- a type of molecule of RNA that travels from the
nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where
the information in the copy is used for a portion
product. Use the message from DNA.
RIBOSOMAL RNA
- is the RNA component of the ribosome and a
cell’s protein factory in all living cells. It provides a
mechanism for decoding mRNA into amino acid
and interacts with tRNA.
TRANSFER RNA
an adaptor molecule composed of RNA that brings
amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome.
How proteins are produced?
- Proteins are produced through the process of
protein synthesis which takes place in the
ribosomes through which the cells generate new
proteins.
- The process involves the nucleic acids
(deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid
(RNA)
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
- involves two major processes - the transcription
and translation.
- Before a protein can be synthesized, the DNA
information or code must first be copied or
transcribed to a type of RNA called messenger
RNA.
RIBOSOME
- serve as the site of protein synthesis
TRANSCRIPTION
- The DNA codes that are transcribed into
messenger RNA are carried as units called
codons. Each codon consists of three nitrogenous
bases coding for a particular amino acid.
- In eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs in the
nucleus. After transcription, the resulting mRNA
leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm.
TRANSLATION
- The process of translation takes place in the
ribosome. During this process, the code carried by
the mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino
acids that will form the protein molecule.
- Another type of RNA floating in the cytoplasm,
the tRNA (transfer RNA) carries a special triplet of
bases called anticodon, which is complementary
to a codon in the mRNA molecules.
- During translation, the anticodon on the tRNA
base-pairs with the appropriate codon in the
mRNA codon.

- Translation starts with a corresponding tRNA

binding with the start codon which is AUG of an
mRNA.

How do we know the amino acid carried by the

RNA?

- To determine which amino acid is encoded by a

certain codon, one may use the genetic code
table.
Getting mRNA - example
- When the ribosome encounters a stop codon
ACC GAA TAG ( given DNA )
(UAA, UAG, or UGA) it detaches from the mRNA.
- UGG CUU AUC - ITS mRNA result
- This is the termination stage of translation.
DNA
The product of translation is a polypeptide chain. It
has to undergo post- translational modification first - serve as the TEMPLATE
before it becomes a functional protein.
Interphase - preperation of cells
The entire process of protein synthesis is best
described by so-called central dogma of Replication of DNA
molecular biology- a principle that unifies the - twisted (unwined)
processes of replication, transcription and
translation. Getting mRNA and tRNA- example

DNA CAG ATG CCG GAC - DNA

- binubuo ng genes--- binubuo ng NUCLEOTIDES GUC UAC GGC CUG - mRNA

( samllest, composed of SUGAR, POSPATE, CAG AUG CCG GAC - tRNA
NITROGENOUS BASE )
AMINO ACID SEQUENCE
I
- mRNA STRAND
A(Adenine), G(Guanina), C(Cytosine),
T(Thymine)

COMPLEMENTARY BASE PAIRINGS

- RNA- Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine

Adenine - Thymine (DNA)

Adenine - Uracil (RNA)

Guanine - Cytosine (DNA and AD RNA)


How to determine its amino acid?
EXAMPLE
GUC UAC GGC CUG (mRNA)
Val, tyr, gly, leu
( corresponding amino acid translation )
What is its sequence?
- Valine, Tyrosine, Glycine, Leucine
LESSON 2
EVOLUTION
- The developmental process by which all
organisms develop from earlier forms of life is
called evolution. (Andaya, et.al.)
- It helps us understand and learn the history of
life.
H.M.S BEAGLE
- one of the significant voyages that contribute to
our contributed to our understanding of the
evolution was the expedition of this.
Darwin found that even though the islands are
close to each other, they have different climates.
He noticed that these animals like iguanas,tortoise
and finches , they are different from the same
population of animals found in the mainland.
JEAN BAPTISTE DE LAMARCK
- proposed that organisms develop in response to
their environment and he was actually the first
biologist to suggest that organisms evolve.
(Angeles, et. al.)
- Lamarck proposed that organisms have a
tendency towards perfection which can be
achieved by continuing to to change and acquire
characteristics to help them survive in their
environment.
GIRAFFE
- The giraffe developed their elongated legs and
necks to feed on high tree leaves. This process of
elongation, it enabled the giraffes to reach the
leaves.
In the Principle of Geology written by Charles
Lyell , it explained how geological features were
built or destroyed over a long period of time
because of geological phenomena.
CHARLES DARWIN
- He began writing his ideas about species
diversity and he even summarized his thoughts
about evolutionary change. His work resulted to
the publication of his book entitled the on the
Origin of Species. (Angeles, et. al.)
He explained six major ideas that demonstrate
the evolution process.
1. OVERPRODUCTION OF INDIVIDUALS
- Every living thing produces more offspring, but
only a few can actually survive.
2. STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE
- The shortage of food supply will lead to
competition that results to struggle for existence.
3. VARIATION OF INDIVIDUALS
- Every living thing produces more offspring, but
only a few can actually survive.
4.SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST world

- Individuals that have characteristics best fitted 5. CHEMICAL EVIDENCE

for struggle of existence will likely survive. - Organisms may be similar to chemical structure
just like how they are alike in their physical
4. INHERITANCE OF FAVORABLE
structure.
CHARACTERISTICS

- Variation determines the fitness of an organism.

The traits that are important for survival will be

passed down to the next generations.

5. DEVELOPMENT OF NEW SPECIES BY

NATURAL SELECTION

- The small changes that happen in an organism

are passed down to its offspring. After a number of
generations, it will produce an organism that is
different from the original one and the formation of
new species is called speciation.

- The natural environment determines the changes

that are fit for the organism and Darwin called this
“origin of species by means of natural
selection”.

DESCENT OF MODIFICATION

- Darwin proposed that natural selection produces

new organisms over a long period of time. As a
result, the organisms today look different from
their ancestors.

Darwin also added that all organisms are related

with one another. Every organism comes

from a common ancestor.

Evidences gathered by Darwin to support his

ideas about the process of evolution.

1. FOSSIL EVIDENCE

2. EMBRYOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

- Scientists use the embryos to compare one

organism to another to see how they are related to
each other.

3. ANATOMICAL EVIDENCE

4. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION

- The distribution of animals and plants around the ENGLISH, PERIODICAL

Cohesion in writing
COHESION
- Berosil (2019) defines cohesion as the
“interconnectedness of ideas within the sentence,
between two consecutive sentences, among
sentences in a paragraph, and between
paragraphs that come one after another.
” Cohesion is only possible when words or
phrases called cohesive devices are used to link
ideas (Berosil, 2019).
ADDITION
- This shows continuation as indicated by the
following conjunctions and cohesive devices:
again, also, and, besides, in addition, moreover,
equally important, another, next, furthermore,
finally, in the same way, lastly, moreover, similarly,
what’s more, the same as, too.
Examples:
* Public officials must rally themselves to provide
affirmative action in response to the needs of the
people. They must convince themselves that now
is not the time to prioritize their personal motives
and gains. (Not that cohesive)
* Public officials must rally themselves to provide
affirmative action in response to the needs of the
people. Moreover, they must convince themselves
that now is not the time to prioritize their personal
motives and gains. (Cohesive)
CAUSE-AND-EFFECT
- This proves one’s point. You may use: as a
consequence, as a result, moreover, because,
consequently (to see a full list, turn to page 219 of
your Connections textbook).
Examples:
* You have not been studying much. As a result,
you get failing grades.
* The government has turned a blind eye on the
real problem. As a consequence, people express
their disappointments in any way possible
CONCESSION
- This demonstrates willingness to accept the
other idea. You may use: admittedly some people
believe, I admit that, once it was believed, there
are those who would say (to see a full list, turn to
page 219 of your Connections textbook).
Examples:
* There are those who would say that chasing
excellence is the key to success.
* Once it was believe that being successful is a
matter of choice.
COMPARISON-CONTRAST
- This shows an opposing view to an idea using
the following conjunctions: although, but, in
contrast, however, although (to see a full list, turn
to page 219 of your Connections textbook).
Examples:
* Although proper scheduling can be made to
ensure employee productivity, corporate groups
must also consider the means that each laborer
has to accomplish his/her task
* You are a good person. However, your
goodness is often conditional.
CONCLUSION
- This summarizes the entire argument with the
following transitional expressions: in brief, as I
have said, as I have noted, as has been noted (to
see a full list, turn to page 219 of your
Connections textbook).
Example:
* (Assuming that you have stated your points) In
conclusion, cooperation must be exercised to
solve a problem as big as a global pandemic.
EMPHASIS
- This highlights a point mentioned using the
following conjunctive adverbs: definitely,
extremely, obviously, in fact, indeed, in any case
(to see a full list, turn to page 219 of your
connections textbook).
Example:
* Manny has spent most of his life working for his
family’s need. Indeed, he is a loving and selfless
son.
EXEMPLIFICATION
- This indicates a shift from general to specific or
from abstract to concrete. The following cohesive
devices are used: after all, an illustration of this,
that is, even, for example, to be specific, for
instance (to see a full list, turn to page 219 of your
connections textbook).
Example:
* The advocacy project was really beneficial to
non-employed
parents. After all, it was designed to provide them
with a sustainable source of income through a
small business.
IDENTIFICATION
- This shows similarities. It uses: that is, that is to
say, in other words.
Example:
* You have been negligent of your duties as a
leader. In other words, you have let us down.
OCASSION
- This expresses time idea with the following:
immediately, thereafter, soon, after a few hours (to
see a full list, turn to page 219 of your connections
textbook).
Example:
* We have not flattened the curve of this
pandemic. Soon, the risk of Filipinos being
infected will be greater than being free from the
virus.
OPEN-ENDEDNESS
- This indicates relationship of unspecified ideas
using such connectors as: in fact, indeed, or now.
Example:
* That man has been working throughout the day.
In fact, I have not seen him take a break.
Persuasive Writing Techniques
THE NATURE OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
- Public speaking is one of the most difficult
activities that a student must do. Regardless of the
topic, standing in front to share your thoughts can
really take a toll on one’s confidence and idea
scheme. With this said, it is natural for us to falter
given the many requirements that we need to
accomplish.
- Professional public speakers show a glimmer of
hope that even if the challenges far outweigh our
abilities, we can pull through with persistence. If
we ever think that something is too difficult, we
can always look back at the time when we learned
how to walk. Nobody kept a count of how many
times we fell. We repeated the painful process
until we got to our goal.
PERSUASIVE TECHNIQUES
- According to Berosil (2019), new public speakers
agonize how they can convince their listeners to
believe in what they are saying. With this, correct
persuasive techniques must be employed to direct
the audience’s attention to the key points in the
reading text or the speech.
- Berosil (2019) suggests 15 techniques that may
be used to make persuasive writing more
effective:
ANALOGY
- It is comparing your idea to what is already
familiar to the audience. A lot of times, people feel
that a speaker is being too formal or ineffective
when he/she is speaking from his own perspective
only. With this, it is advisable that the speaker
takes time to assess the age, interests, work, and
personalities of the audience to find suitable
metaphors, situations, or analysis for his/her
speech.
ANECDOTES
- These are short interesting narratives that
catches the interest of your audience and further
solidifies your points. Let us say that you wanted
to convince someone that “rags to riches” is
possible. The usual way of doing it is to discuss
the “how.” The problem is it’s too systematized,
and disregards human interest. To engage them
more in the topic, you can try telling stories,
personal or about others, that testify to the
probability of such event happening.
BANDWAGON
- This establishes the need to believe in what a
person is saying because if you do not, you will be
left behind by others. Commercials are perfect
examples of bandwagon. There is always that one
dentist left behind in a survey of 10 participants
about the effectiveness of a toothpaste. There are
always models who have silky smooth hair
insinuating that your shampoo will never help get
their look. The beauty about bandwagon is it plays
the number game. When you establish that
majority actually believe in what you are saying,
listeners are almost compelled todo so as well.
The downside is when everybody is using
bandwagon. Who do you believe when everyone
is claiming they are the best?
CHARISMA
- It is a persuasive technique that not everyone
has.Some speakers tend to be more believable
than others.Think of Barack Obama, Martin Luther
King Jr., Francis Kong, and Bo Sanchez. These
are individuals who, with their charisma, do/did not
need much idea-selling to make you believe in
them.
CLICHE
- It is a word that has been used many times.
There was a time when they used to be so catchy
because they tend to be classic lines from well
respected people. The problem is, when you throw
them every time you speak, you lessen their
effect. Think of Rizal’s “Ang kabataan ang pag-asa
ng bayan.” Ah, the sweet allure of promise of
generational heroes rising from the depths of
oppression. The thing is this quote is more than a
hundred years old. It is almost certain that some
other writers had expressed this adage in other
ways. Yes, it is never short of majesty, but when
everyone knows it, to what extent can you still use
it to persuade?
EXCLUSIVE PRONOUNS
- “We,” “us,” “our,” and “them” make us feel that
we are part of a team. Think of Abraham Lincoln’s
“Gettysburg Address.”
Example:
- “But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate – we
cannot consecrate – we cannot hallow – this
ground.”
EXPERT’S OPINION
- It makes use of a specialist’s or professional’s
idea in supporting one’s claim. This technique is
somewhat similar to bandwagon but it works better
given the stature of the person you are quoting to
support your points.
EXPLICITY STATED FACT
- It is a direct statement coming from the speaker
that is assumed as truth. While people may have
reservations about it, they will eventually follow the
idea if it was expounded properly.
EXTRAPOLATION
- It is combining facts from a short observation. It
does not follow the rule of breaking down a simple
concept into different examples. It usually comes
in the form of a big statement with few
explanations and contextualization.
FLATTERY
- It is making your audience feel at ease with what
you are saying through the use of flowery words or
encouragements. When you go to the mall to
browse some items, sales clerks would approach
you to say how wonderfully a shirt or a shoe might
fit you. Nothing could be more persuasive than
making other people feel good about themselves.
GENERALITIES
- These refer to big words such as progress,
freedom, democracy, equality, unity, indifference.
They are abstract but once put in a speech could
induce feelings of hope and optimism among the
readers or listeners.
HUMOR
- It is injecting comical relief in your speech. Some
people misconstrue argumentative speech as
always being serious. But, a good laugh can work
wonders in remembering key points from a
speech.
RHETORICAL QUESTIONS
- These are questions asked during a performance
that do not necessarily merit an answer especially
when the performance is simply a monologue.
REPITITION
- It is one of the most common strategies used in
persuasion.It directs the readers’ or audience’s
attention to a word which the speaker considers of
vital importance.
SCAPEGOAT
- It is putting the blame on another person for a
given problem.
Using Literature To Resolve Conflicts among
People,Groups and Nature
What does it mean to be happy?
- Does it require having all of the things that you
want? Does it happen when you find the love of
your life? Or is it based on contentment and
gratitude for the many wonders you are
experiencing?
- As we age, our standards of happiness become
complicated and more demanding. When we were
young, toys and candies were enough to put a
smile on our faces. As teenagers, the company of
friends bring meaning to our days mostly spent on
studying. Unfortunately, that ends the fixation of
happiness.
DHAMMAPADA
- It is a Sanskrit expression meaning “The Doctrine
of Eternal Truth” written in verse form.
“Dhammapada” is one of the oldest existing
didactic poems (poems that teach people how to
conduct their lives properly). The book contains 16
chapters of 340 verses.
What are the measurements of happiness
according to Buddha?
- The measurements of happiness mentioned in
the excerpt were living without hate, even if those
around you do; being free from disease; being free
from worry; and those who do not feel the need to
own something.
Why some people, despite their outward
appearance of happiness, are still unhappy?
- Mental activity is supreme suffering – when
people try to prove themselves to be happy, they
are more likely vulnerable to feelings of
discontentment and anxiety.
How do you define “worry”? Why should we
not indulge ourselves in “worrying”?
- To worry means to pay attention to everything
that is happening around you. It comes with the
consciousness that nothing will ever work your
way, thus leading you to more misery. Worrying
will not get us far. It is necessary, but to worry
without the constant assurance of peace, brings
no good to us as people.
How can people who do not own anything be
happy?
- “We shall feed on joy” – Material things are
temporary. Even if we become envious of what
others have, soon all these will pass and fade.
That is why, it is important that we feed on the
happiness of the people around. When happiness
is shared, no one will ever find it necessary to
be greedy or envious.
What makes the lives of both winners and
losers miserable?
- People who win breeds hatred. This comes from
the constant desire to be on top. If our happiness
only depends on defeating other people or in
being the best, we create a world in which losers
cannot be happy. The same can be said about
losers. When they keep on fighting for things,
especially those outside of their control, they
would soon realize that their lives were spent in
vain.
Why would Buddha consider anger as
weakness?
- Anger is human nature. We cannot prevent it
from happening or being manifested. However, too
much anger especially at life in general is truly a
weakness. We can fight all we want, but soon
enough we will realize the cause of our strife does
more harm than good.
Why would Khandas be considered sufferings
when they are attributes inherent to all human
beings?
- While it is in our nature to discern and find
meaning, they only lead to constant inquiry about
life. The more we try to understand life, the more
we realize that there are really things beyond our
control. Thus, the constant need to know becomes
a weakness if it does not lead us to peace with all
creation.
How do you define a fool? Why is befriending
a fool not a reason for happiness?
- Fools have little understanding of life. If one
chooses to keep a company of fools, he/she will
just live a meaningless life with pointless questions
unanswered.
Types of References:
1. Primary sources are direct or first-hand
evidence of the material you are searching for.
Primary sources may be any of the following:
  Art objects
  Audio or Video records of speeches
  Creative writing articles
  Emails and blogs
  Eyewitness accounts in an interview
  Historical or legal documents
  Letters from a direct source
  Results of experiments
  Statistical data from surveys
2. Secondary sources interpret, describes,
analyses, evaluates, and make comment on the
primary source. A secondary source can be an
article from a book, newspaper,
popular,magazines, book or more reviews, or
an article found in scholarly journals which main
purpose is to give an assessment to the primary
source.
3. Tertiary sources are compilation of primary and
secondary sources. Tertiary information can be
found in:
  Almanacs
  Dictionaries
  Encyclopedias
  Guidebooks
  Indexes
  Manuals
  Textbooks
AP PERIODICAL
GENDER AND SEXUALITY
Ang konsepto ng Gender at Sex ay magkaiba
SEX
- tumutukoy sa kasarian kung lalake o babae. Ito
rin ay tumutukoy sa gawain ng babae at lalaki na
ang layunin ay reproduksiyon ng tao.
- Ayon sa WHO (World Health Organization) 2014,
and SEX ay tumutukoy sa pisyolohikal at
biyolohikal na katangian ng nagtatakda ng
pagkakaiba ng lalaki at babae.
GENDER
- tumutukoy sa mga panlipunang gampanin, kilos,
at gawain na itinakda ng lipunan para sa mga
babae at lalaki.
SEX - Male at Female
GENDER - Masculine at Feminine
KATANGIAN NG SEX
- Ang mga babae ay nagkakaroon ng
menstruation samantalang ang mga lalaki
ay hindi.
- Ang mga lalaki ay may testicle samantalang ang
mga babae ay wala.
GENDER
- komplikadong ugnayan ng Kasarian, Pagkilala
sa sarili bilang isang lalaki o babae (gender
Identity), ang paraan kung paano ito ipapakita
(gender expression), at papel na ginagampanan
(gender role) at ang pagbuo ng ugnayang ito ay
tinatawag na SENSE OF GENDER.
KATANGIAN NG GENDER
ORYENTASYONG SEKSWAL
- Ayon sa GALANG Yogyakarta, ito ay tumutukoy
sa kakayahan ng isang tao na makaranas ng
malalim na atraksiyong apeksyonal, emosyonal,
sekswal at malalim na pakikipagrelasyon sa taong
ang kasarian ay maaring katulad sa kanya o iba
sa kanya.
- Sa simpleng pakahulugan ang salitang
oryentasyong sekswal ay tu,utukoy sa iyong
pagpili ng iyong makakatalik, kung siya ay babae
o lalaki o pareho.
Ang Orentasyong sekswal ay maaaring mauri sa
pamamagitan ngpagtukoy;
Heterosexual- Mga taong may pagnanasang
seksuwal sa miyembro ng magkaibang kasarian.
Homosexual- nagkakaroon ng seksuwal
na pagnanasasa sa mga taong nabibilang sa
katulad na kasarian.
LGBTQ
- Isang inisyal na tumutukoy sa lesbiyan, bakla, bi-
sexual, transgender at mga di- tiyak. (lesbian, gay,
bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning)
BUKOD SA LALAKI AT BABAE MAY
TINATAWAG TAYO SA KASALUKUYAN NA
LGBT;
LESBIAN (TOMBOY)- sila yung mga babae na
ang kilos at damdamin ay panlalaki; mga babaeng
maypusong lalaki atumiibig sakapwa babae.
GAY(BAKLA)- mga lalaking nakakaramdam ng
atraksyon sa kanilang kapwa lalaki; may ilang
bakla ang nagdadamit atkumikilos napang babae.
BISEXUAL- mga taong nakakaramdam ng
atraksyon sa dalawang kasarian
TRANSGENDER- kung ang isang tao ay
nakaramdam na siya ay nabubuhay sa maling
katawan , kanyang pag-iisip at pangangatawan ay
hindi magkatugma, siya ay maaring may
transgender na katauhan.
ASEXUAL- mga taong walang nararamdamang
atraksyon seksuwal sa anumangkasarian.

MAY 4 NA MAHAHALAGANG PUNTO SA
PROSESO NG GAMPANIN NG KASARIAN SA
LIPUNAN AYON KAY OAKLEY AT RUTH
HARLEY;
• MANIPULATION- kabilang dito ang ibat-ibang
uri ng manipulatisyong pisikal at pasalita. Hal. Ay
ang pagsusuot sa bata ng mga damit panlalaki at
pambabae.
• CANALIZATION- Ang atensyon ng bata ay
itinutuon sa mga bagay ayon sa kanyang
kasarian. Kraniwan ito ay mga laruan kagaya ng
kotse, bola at gamit pandigma para sa mga lalaki
at manika para sa mga baabe. Dito nahuhubog
ang bata sa mga posibleng gawain sa hinaharap
at asal kapag
lumaki na.
• VERBAL APELLATION- ang paggamit ng mga
salitang naglalarawan ng kung sino ang babae at
lalaki at ano ang inaasahan sakanila kagaya ng
ang babae ay mahinhin at pinong gumalaw
samantalang ang lalaki ay matapang at malakas.
• ACTIVITY EXPOSURE- ay ang pagtuturo ng
mga gawain kung saan tinuturuan ang babae ng
gawaing bahay samantalang ang lalaki ay
pinaglalaro sa labas.
ANG KOMUNIDAD NG LESBIANS GAYS,
BISEXUALS AND TRANSGENDER (LGBT)
LGBT
- Ito ang mga taong mayroong ibang nais (sadya o
hindi) at piniling pumaiba sa mga gagampanang
gender role ng itinakdang kasarian o assigned sex
nila mula pinanganak.
PAGDATING SA “THIRD SEX” MAYROONG
TATLONG SALIK NA DAPAT ISAISIP;
  dikta ng kalikasan o biology;
  dikta ng lipunan; at
  sariling pagpili at pagpapasya
“Nagiging bahagi lamang ng LGBT ang isang tao
kung tanggap niya mismo na siya ay bahagi nito,
matapos maunawaan ang pakahulugan nito sa
kanyang buhat at piniling mamuhay. “
DAHILAN NG PAGIGING LGBT;
  Batay sa siyentipiko ;
  Sikolohista
Mga Isyung Kinahaharap ng LGBT
- Ayon sa pag-aaral ng The International Gay and
Lesbian Human Rights Commission, ang dalawa
sa pinakamalaking isyu na kinahaharap ng LGBT
ay diskriminasyon at karahasan dahil sa walang
batas na nagtatanggol sa kanila.
UP Babaylan 1992 – “Pride March”
RH LAW LESSON 2
“Noong ika 26 ng Hulyo 2014, ipinanganak ang
ika-100 milyong Pilipino sa bansa; si “Chonalyn”
babaeng sanggol na isinilang sa lungsod ng
Maynila”
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LAW REPUBLIC
ACT NO. 10354
ANO ANG REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH?
- Ito ay tumutukoy sa pangkalahatang kalusugang
pisikal, pangkaisipan, at panlipunan na may
kinalaman sa reproductive system, paraan at
proseso nito.
- Nakapaloob dito ang karapatan ng mga tao na
magkaroon ng kaalaman at kakayahang mamili ng
nais niyang paraan ng pagpaplano ng pamilya na
naaayon sa batas, ligtas, epektibo, at abot-kaya.
ANO ANG REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LAW?
- Ito ay isang batas na may layuning magbigyang
serbisyong pangproduktibo para sa lahat.
- Ipinatutupad nito ang family planning o
pagpaplano ng pamilya, para sa mag-asawa lalo
na ang walang kakayanan sa buhay.
- Layunin nito na ipalaganap sa buong bansa ang
mga paraan ng kontrasepsiyon, edukasyong
seksuwal, at pangangalaga sa ina.
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH (RH) LAW
- Ang Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive
Health Act of 2012 ay batas na nagbibigay ng
tungkulin sa pamahalaang mataguyod,
magpalaganap at magbigay ng magaling at abot-
kayang serbisyong pangkalusugan ng
mamamayan lalo na ang kababaihan, mahihirap at
marginalized sector.
RH LAW
- Ayon sa batas, ang terminong Reproductive
Health (RH) ay tumutukoy sa kumpletong
kapakanan at kagalingan ng tao sa lahat ng
aspetong may kinalaman sa reproductive health at
gawain nito (seksyon 4-p). May 32 na bahagi ito
na nagsasaad ng mga prinsipyo at tungkulin ng
estado sa pagbibigay ng sapat na proteksyon sa
mga kababaihan alinsunod sa Millenium
Development Goals ng UN na magbuo ng
programa para sa RH ng isang bansa.
MGA MAHALAGANG PROBISYON SA RH LAW
 Seksyon 3 (d) : Gabay na panuntunan sa
 pagpapatupad
 Seksyon 9 : Ang Sistema ng National Drug
Formulary at ang kagamitang pamplano ng
pamilya
 Seksyon 10 : pagkuha at pamimigay ng
kagamitang Pamplano ng pamilya
 Seksyon 11 : Pagsasama ng Responsableng
 Pagmamagulag at Pagpaplano ng Pamilya sa
mga Programang laban sa kahirapan
 Seksyon 14 : Edukasyon sa Kalusugang
Panreproduksyon na akma sa edad at paglaki
 Seksyon 20 : Pampublikong Kamalayan
SINU-SINO ANG MAKIKINABANG SA RH LAW?
- Ayon sa bagong batas, ang mga Pilipinong
kababaihan at mga kabataan ang higit na
makikinabang sa mga benepisyo ng RH Law, lalo
na ang mga kabilang sa sektor ng mahihirap.
BAKIT KAILANGAN ANG RH LAW?
- Kailangan ito upang siguraduhin ang sustainable
at responsableng pagbibigay ng serbisyo at
impormasyong pang reproduktibo sa mga Pilipino.
LAYUNIN BA NG RH LAW NA KONTROLIN
ANG
POPULASYON?
- Hindi. Layon ng RH Law na magkaroon ng
population development o pagpapaunlad ng
populasyon. Ang pagkontrol sa populasyon ay
nangangahulugan ng paggamit ng puwersa o
sapilitang paggamit ng mga polisiyang
pampupolasyon na labag sa mga kagustuhan ng
mga tao.
ANG EDUKASYON SA PILIPINAS
“ Education is the most powerful weapon which
you can use to change the world” - Nelson
Mandela.
KAHULUGAN NG EDUKASYON
- Ayon kay Dr. Jose Rizal, ang Edukasyon ang
makapagbibigay ng kaunlaran hindi lamang sa
ating sarili kundi sa ating bansa.
- Ayon sa Artikulo XIV Sek.1 ng Saligang Batas ng
1987, na dapat itaguyod ng estado ang karapatan
ng lahat ng mga mamamayan sa mahusay na
edukasyon sa lahat ng antas at dapat magsagawa
ng angkop na hakbang upang matamo ng lahat
ang ganoong Edukasyon.
Ang LAYUNIN NG EDUKASYON sa batas ng
Pilinas ay malinang ang mga kasanayang para sa
ika-21 siglo sa ilalim ng programang K to 12.
Ngunit ito ay malaking hamon dahil sa mga ss na
dahilan;
- Kahirapan
- Mababang bilang ng mga gurong nakapasa sa
licensure exam
- Pondo ng pamahalaan
- Suweldo ng mga guro
- Pagsasanay na propesyonal
ANG SISTEMA NG EDUKASYON SA PILIPINAS
BOKASYONAL--->EDUKASYONG PORMAL
BAGO DUMATING ANG MGA ESPANYOL
Ang edukasyon ng mga Pilipino ay impormal at
hindi organisado.
- Ginagawa ang pagsasanay sa loob ng tahanan
at ang mga magulang ang karaniwang nagtuturo
sa kanilang mga anak.
- Ang tradisyong pasalita ay ipinapamana sa
pamamagitan ng tula, awit at sayaw.
PANAHON NG MGA ESPANYOL
Ang Ekslusibong paaralan ay para lamang sa mga
anak ng mga Espanyol.
- Ang kabataang Pilipino ay pumasok sa mga
paaralan ng parokya at upang matutunan ang
Relihiyong Kristyanismo.
- Kadalasan ang mga relihiyosong pari ang
nagturo ng doktrina ng Kristyanismo, mga awit,
tugtugin at dasal.
- Ang pagbasa, pagsulat at aritmetika ay itinuturo
sa mas matalinong mag-aaral at natutuhan din nila
ang wikang Espanyol.
- Inilabas ang Educational Decree ng 1863, iniatas
ang pagpasok sa paaralan ng mga batang may
edad na 7-12 sa pamamahala ng pamahalang
lokal.
PANAHON NG MGA AMERIKANO
- Ang Edukasyon ay binuksan para sa lahat.
- Nagtalaga ng mga guro sa bawat paaralan at
ang naging unang guro ay ang mga sundalong
Amerikano
- Enero 20,1899 binuo ang Schurmann
Commission at ito ay nag patupad ng sistemang
edukasyong pampubliko.
- Ingles ang ginagamit na wikang pagtuturo.
- Nagpadala ng mga tunay na guro sa Pilinas at
noong Enero 21, 1901, ang Act No.74 nabuo ang
sentralisadong sistema ng paaralang pampubliko
at itinatag ang Department of Public Instruction.
- Layunin ng edukasyon ang mga pagsasanay sa
mga Pilipino sa demokratikong paraan ng
pamumuhay, pagkamamayan, moralidad,
edukasyong bokasyonal, at paghahanda para sa
pagsasarili ng pamahalaan.
PANAHON NG MGA HAPONES
- 1942, nagpalabas ng Order No.2 ang
Commander-in-chief ng Japanese Imperial Forces
na nagsasaad ng mga batayang prinsipyo ng
edukasyon sa ilalim ng pamunuang Hapones
katulad ng paggamit ng wikang Nihongo at
edukasyong bokasyonal at ang dignidad ng
paggawa.
PANAHON NG KOMONWELT
- Sa Kumbensiyong Konstitusyonal ng Saligang
Batas ng 1935, nagtalaga ng bagong sistema ng
edukasyon.
- Magbigay ng sapat na sistema ng edukasyong
pampubliko at magbigay ng libreng pagtuturo sa
primarya at nakakatandang mamamayan.
- Pinangangasiwaan ng pamahalaan at ng
institusyong pribado ang paaralang elementarya,
sekondarya at kolehiyo na walang kapital at hindi
negosyo.
- Elementarya( 7y/o at 7 yrs), Sekondarya( Apat
na taon), Kolehiyo (karaniwang apat na taon ang
kurso).
LAYUNIN NG EDUKASYON - 435.9 billion

- PAGKUHA NG KAALAMAN 2017

- PAGPAPAUNLAD NG KASANAYAN - 567.5 billion

- PAGHAHANDA PARA SA BUHAY

- PAKIKIPAG-UGNAYAN SA IBA

- PAGHUBOG NG UGALI AT PAGPAPAHALAGA

DepEd- Department of Education

- ang departamentong na responsable sa

pamamahala at pagpapanatili sa mataas na
kalidad ng edukasyon sa Pilipinas. Ito ang
pangunahing tagapagpatupad at tagagawa ng

mga polisiyang pang-edukasyon at responsable

sa sistemang pang elementarya at pang-
sekondarya dito sa Pilipinas.

- LEONOR M. BRIONES

CHED- Commission on Higher Education

- kagawaran na namamahala para sa mga

Pamantasan at unibersidad sa Pilipinas.

- PROSPERO DE VERA III

BADYET NG EDUKASYON SA PILIPINAS

- Ang pagdagdag sa budget ng DepEd sa

magkakasunod na taon ay bahagi ng programa ng
gobyerno na dagdagan ang pondo para sa mga
serbisyong panlipunan at umpisahan ang K to 12
Program.

2012

- 238 Billion

2013

- 292.7 billion

2014

- 309.43 billion

2015

- 377.1 billion

2016
FOR NONE VRT USERS

Name: Grade & Section:

I. Identification: Identify the given questions.

1. What is the easiest way to go to the programming field of LME?

2. What block will you use if you want to change the power level of motor B and motor C?

3. What will you use if you want to connect the next farther block from the program?

4. What part of the toolbar in the VRT let you restart your robot from the original position?

5. How can you identify if your program is connected to the VRT application?

6. What will you must do if you change your data in the LME before running your program to VRT?

7. What block will allow you to add key note and play tone?

8. If you want your robot to turn left, what sign will you use?

9. In the Activity of sand box what are the colors available in the platform? (4 corners)

10. What is the normal and given power level for move steering and move tank?

II. True or False: Write TRUE if the statement is true, If the statement is FALSE encircling the word/s that
made the statement false and write the correct answer. 1. LDD application will automatically open once
you open/click the VRT application.

2. In the action pallet, there are 7 blocks available that we can use for the movement of the EV3 robot.

3. In the Half and half interface of VRT the upper part is the simulated environment.

4. Fully expanded is commonly known as full screen.

5. The toolbars for VRT is located at the top of the application.

6. EV3 programming environment is the lower part of the Half and half interface.

7. In exploring the VRT environment, there are 3 categories available that you can choose.
8. LME application is specialized to program your EV3 robots.

9. There are two types of modes for VRT, the basic mode and the advanced mode.

10. In move steering block, i will use negative sign if i want to turn my robot to the right side.

FOR VRT USERS

Name:

Grade & Section:

1. What is the difference between Lego Mindstorm Education and Virtual robotics toolkit?

2. How will you troubleshoot your VRT if you encounter some problem running your
program?

3. Do you find VRT difficult while using it? If you encounter some troubles using it what are
those scenarios?

4. In doing your activity, what are the things you enjoy while programming your ev3 robot?

5. In using Lego mindstorm education, do find programming is difficult task? What are the
problems that you’ve encountered?