Biogas Project in Cuddalore, India V1.2

Biogas Project in Cuddalore, India
Document Prepared by Global Carbon Solutions
Project Title Biogas Project in Cuddalore, India
Version 02
Date of Issue 25-May-2023
Prepared By Global Carbon Solutions
Contact Address: 10-6-95/6, Burhan Puram, Khammam, Khammam, TS - 507001, India

CONTENTS
1 PROJECT DETAILS ................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Summary Description of the Project.....................................................................................4
1.2 Sectoral Scope and Project Type .........................................................................................5
1.3 Project Eligibility ........................................................................................................................5
1.4 Project Design ...........................................................................................................................6
1.5 Project Proponent ....................................................................................................................6
1.6 Other Entities Involved in the Project ...................................................................................6
1.7 Ownership ..................................................................................................................................6
1.8 Project Start Date .....................................................................................................................6
1.9 Project Crediting Period .........................................................................................................7
1.10 Project Scale and Estimated GHG Emission Reductions or Removals ..........................7
1.11 Description of the Project Activity ........................................................................................8
1.12 Project Location .................................................................................................................... 13
1.13 Conditions Prior to Project Initiation .................................................................................. 14
1.14 Compliance with Laws, Statutes and Other Regulatory Frameworks ....................... 14
1.15 Participation under Other GHG Programs ....................................................................... 15
1.16 Other Forms of Credit ........................................................................................................... 15
1.17 Sustainable Development Contributions ......................................................................... 15
1.18 Additional Information Relevant to the Project .............................................................. 20
2 SAFEGUARDS ........................................................................................................ 21
2.1 No Net Harm .......................................................................................................................... 21
2.2 Local Stakeholder Consultation ......................................................................................... 21
2.3 Environmental Impact.......................................................................................................... 22
2.4 Public Comments .................................................................................................................. 22
2.5 AFOLU-Specific Safeguards ................................................................................................ 22
3 APPLICATION OF METHODOLOGY ..................................................................... 23

3.1 Title and Reference of Methodology ............................................................................... 23
3.2 Applicability of Methodology............................................................................................. 24
3.3 Project Boundary................................................................................................................... 39
3.4 Baseline Scenario .................................................................................................................. 41
3.5 Additionality ........................................................................................................................... 43
3.6 Methodology Deviations ..................................................................................................... 47
4 IMPLEMENTATION STATUS.................................................................................... 47
4.1 Implementation Status of the Project Activity ................................................................ 47
5 ESTIMATED GHG EMISSION REDUCTIONS AND REMOVALS ............................ 47

5.1 Baseline Emissions .................................................................................................................. 47
5.2 Project Emissions .................................................................................................................... 50
5.3 Leakage .................................................................................................................................. 58
5.4 Estimated Net GHG Emission Reductions and Removals ............................................. 60
6 MONITORING ....................................................................................................... 60
6.1 Data and Parameters Available at Validation ............................................................... 60
6.2 Data and Parameters Monitored ...................................................................................... 72
6.3 Monitoring Plan...................................................................................................................... 80
7 ACHIEVED GHG EMISSION REDUCTIONS AND REMOVALS ............................. 81

7.1 Data and Parameters Monitored ...................................................................................... 81
7.2 Baseline Emissions .................................................................................................................. 83
7.3 Project Emissions .................................................................................................................... 84
7.4 Leakage .................................................................................................................................. 89
7.5 Net GHG Emission Reductions and Removals ................................................................ 90
Joint Project Description & Monitoring Report: VCS Version 4.2
1 PROJECT DETAILS
1.1 Summary Description of the Project
The project has the capacity to treat 90 TPD of biodegradable wastes and produce 7000 cum of
biogas per day. The plant is located at No. 39, East Street, Kuzhandai Kuppam, Vanamadevi PO,
Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu – 607105, India. The project activity manufactures Bio-CNG and Bio
Manure using bio-degradable wastes. The project activity produces 2.8 TPD of Bio-CNG. The
technology used is anaerobic decomposition in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR).
Anaerobic decomposition is a complex and natural process of degradation of a variety of
intermediates into methane, carbon dioxide, and other gases.
Project Scenario:
Anaerobic digestion (AD) of biowaste seems promising to provide renewable energy (biogas)
and organic fertilizers (digestate) and mitigate environmental pollution in India 1. Using anaerobic
digestion of local resources, viz. animal manure, press mud and MSW, energy and manure are
derived in the project activity. Biogas technology has the potential to provide clean energy and
address the problem of waste management.
The main purpose of this project is to incorporate competent biogas technology and implement
a biomethanation plant in the country. The plant is to be located in a region based on the
continuous availability of raw materials. Anaerobic digestion is the prominent technology used
for the degradation of biodegradable organic wastes in this project activity.
The project activity involves the establishment of a biogas plant to generate energy out of waste,
thereby solving two major issues for the country. One is the utilization of waste materials, and
the second is the production of Bio-CNG, a renewable and clean fuel. The Bio-CNG generated
shall be used in vehicles for transportation. In the absence of the project activity, the accordant
amount of CNG (fossil fuel based) would have been delivered through the current supply mix of
the country, leading to carbon dioxide emissions.
In the absence of this Bio-CNG and Bio-fertilizer project activity, biomass and other organic matter
are left to decay within the project boundary, and methane is emitted into the atmosphere. In
India, the waste sector accounts for about 20% of methane emissions, as per the Global Methane
Tracker 2022 2. Baseline scenario one is methane emissions through the anaerobic
decomposition of organic wastes in a Solid Waste Disposal Site (SWDS). The second baseline
scenario is methane emissions from anaerobic animal manure management systems. The third
1 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344921001762
2 https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/methane-tracker-data-explorer
4
baseline is the usage of fossil fuels in transport applications. The project activity will treat all
these wastes anaerobically in closed biodigesters to capture methane and refine it to be used in
transport applications. Hence, the project will generate GHG emission reductions. Thus, the
scenarios existing before the implementation of the project activity (i.e., pre-project scenario) and
baseline scenarios are the same.
The estimated annual average Green House Gas (GHG) emission reductions from the project
activity will be 47,825 tCO 2e per year. The total estimated GHG emission reductions during the
first crediting period of 7 years will be 334,778 tCO2e. The total GHG emission reductions during
the Current Monitoring Period from 28-July-2021 to 30-Apr-2023 (First and last date included) is
30,399 tCO 2e.
Audit Type Period Program VVB Name Number of years
Verified TÜV SÜD

Joint 1 Year 9 months
Carbon South Asia
Validation 28-July-2021 to
Standard Private
and 30-Apr-2023
(VCS) Limited
Verification
Total 1 Year 9 months
1.2 Sectoral Scope and Project Type
The project activity falls under the following Sectoral Scope and Project Type:
Sectoral scopes: 13(Waste handling and disposal) and 7(Transport)
Methodology: AMS-III.AO. Methane recovery through controlled anaerobic digestion, Version 01 3
Methodology: AMS-III.D. Methane recovery in animal manure management systems, Version

21.04
Methodology: AMS-III.AQ. Introduction of Bio-CNG in transportation applications, Version 02.0 5

The project is not a grouped project activity.
1.3 Project Eligibility

The project is a biogas generation plant with a purification system to produce Bio-CNG gas equal
to CNG gas in terms of quality and calorific value. Methane (CH 4) emissions from different wastes
3 https://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/DB/F5U41CTG7ENWK9RSSL5BV1LUPDG76W
4 https://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/DB/H9DVSB24O7GEZQYLYNWUX23YS6G4RC
5 https://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/DB/TJV2WDEKTWSTLOX4KGZEMZVA7E25GC
5
in the baseline scenarios will be captured and converted into Bio-CNG. The project activity also
involves Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) emission reductions by displacing fossil fuel CNG with Bio-CNG. In
line with the VCS standard 4.4, paragraph 2.1.1, the project includes Methane (CH4) and Carbon
Dioxide (CO 2) out of the six greenhouse gases and is therefore supported by a methodology
approved by the CDM Programme and thus eligible under the scope of the VCS Programme.
1.4 Project Design

The project includes a single location and is not a grouped project activity.
Eligibility Criteria
This is not a grouped project, and the project includes a single location.
1.5 Project Proponent

Organization name Global Carbon Solutions
Contact person Ram Kumar
Title Director
10-6-95/6, Burhan Puram, Khammam, TG-507001

Address
+91-73829 28159
Telephone
info@intlcarbonsolutions.com
Email
1.6 Other Entities Involved in the Project

There are no other entities involved in the project.
1.7 Ownership
The commissioning certificate for project activity and Consent to Operate from Tamil Nadu
Pollution Control Board are the supporting documents to demonstrate the project ownership.
These demonstrate the right of use according to clause 3.7.1 (3) of VCS Standard version 4.4 –
“a project ownership arising by virtue of a statutory, property or contractual right in the plant,
equipment or process that generates GHG emission reductions and/or removals.”
1.8 Project Start Date
Project Start Date: 28-July-2021.

The project activity at Kuzhandai Kuppam, Vanamadevi PO, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu was
commissioned and started operations on 28-July-2021, which is considered as the project start
date.
6
1.9 Project Crediting Period

Start date of Crediting period: 28-July-2021
End date of crediting period: 27-July-2028
Total number of years: 7
The project activity adopts a renewable crediting period of 7 years which can be renewed
for a maximum of two times (twice renewable for a total of up to 21 years).
1.10 Project Scale and Estimated GHG Emission Reductions or Removals

The estimated annual GHG emission reductions/removals of the project are:
☐ <20,000 tCO 2e/year
☒ 20,000 – 100,000 tCO2e/year
☐ 100,001 – 1,000,000 tCO 2e/year
☐ >1,000,000 tCO 2e/year
As per the section 3.10 of VCS standard version 4.4, the projects are classified as follows:
1. Projects: Less than or equal to 300,000 tons of CO2e per year

2. Large Projects: Greater than 300,000 tons of CO 2e per year
This project activity being included currently has less than 300,000 tCO 2e emission reductions
per year. Hence this project is classified as “Project”.
Project Scale
Project ✓
Large project
Year Estimated GHG emission reductions or

removals (tCO2e)
Year 1 26,847
Year 2 38,509
Year 3 46,327
7
Year 4 51,567
Year 5 55,080
Year 6 57,435
Year 7 59,013
Total estimated ERs 334,778
Total number of crediting years 7
47,825
Average annual ERs
1.11 Description of the Project Activity
The project activity involves anaerobic digestion of the biodegradable wastes leading to the
generation of biogas, which is further cleaned using technology to produce Bio-CNG for further
uses. Biofertilizer is generated as a by-product.
Anaerobic digestion is a complex, natural, multi-stage process of degradation of organic

compounds through a variety of intermediates into methane and carbon dioxide by the action of
a consortium of microorganisms. The interdependence of the bacteria is a key factor in the
anaerobic digestion process. Instability during both the start-up and operation of the anaerobic
degradation process can be problematic due to the low specific growth rate of the methanogenic
microorganisms involved. The amount of one type of organic waste generated at a specific
location at a specific time may not be enough to make anaerobic digestion cost-effective all year.
Co-digestion then becomes an interesting alternative, as it is a well-established concept. Raw
material for biogas production:
• Animal manure
• Press mud
• MSW
8
Figure 1: Waste Management Project
There are mainly two products that are produced from the plant. They are:
1. Bio-CNG
Biogas generated can be converted into Bio-CNG with the help of two steps; a cleaning process
to remove the trace components and an upgrading process to adjust the calorific value.
Upgrading is generally performed in order to meet the standards for use as vehicle fuel or for
injection in the natural gas grid.
2. Bio-fertilizer
Biogas plant slurry is organic matter, and it has rich nutritional content. Thus, the slurry can be
de-watered to produce organic manure/fertilizer for cultivation & horticulture. Bio-fertilizer is an
excellent fertilizer, containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrients. It also adds
organic matter to the soil, which may improve soil structure, aeration, moisture-holding capacity,
and water infiltration.
9
Process flow of the Biogas plant
Waste
Effluent
Mixing Tank
treatment
Manure
Transport Biogas Liquid Solid

Digester
applications storage manure manure
Purification and Compression
Digestate Tank Separator
Figure 2: Manufacturing process flow chart
List of main equipment installed in the Bio-Methanation Plant at the Project site:
S.
Description Qty
No.
1 Feeding platform with shed for raw material feeding system 1
2 Aerobic Feeding tank with agitators RCC 1
3 Raw material feeding pump/inlet system 1
4 Water recirculation tank of RCC 1
5 Slurry collection tank of RCC 1
6 Slurry de watering system 1
7 Biogas balloon 1
8 Biogas Purification system 1
9 Biogas Recovery system 1
10 Earth Mover 1
11 Shredder machine 1
12 Compost Sieving machine 1
13 Biogas flow meter 1
Online monitoring system – digester PH, Temperature, gas CH4,
14 1
CO2, H2S, Moisture
15 Genset for back up 1
16 Office room with toilet 1
17 Control room 1
18 Manure storage yard 1
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19 Compost platform 2
20 HP Compressor 1
21 Area for bottling plant 1
List of Motors
S. Installed in Location Motor Make KW HP RPM Phase

No. Equipment
1 Screw Feeder 2 Raw Material Unloading Hopper Crompton 11 15 1460 3
Nos. Greaves
2 Feed Screw Raw Material Feeding Area SYNO 22 30 975 3
pump
3 High Flow Digestor 1 15 20 1465 3
Agitator 4 Nos.
4 Water pump Water Tank APEX 5.5 7.5 2900 3
Motor
5 Fertilizer pump Fertilizer Tank 5.5 7.5 1450 3
Motor
6 Air Compressor As for Instrument and Valves HAVELLS 0.75 1 1450 3
PSA and Compressor
7 PSA Blower PSA Based Biogas Purification 30 40 1466 3

Motor
8 Vacuum pump - PSA Based Biogas Purification 35 50 1473 3
PSA System APEX
9 Cooling tower PSA Based Biogas Purification 3.7 5 2800 3
Pump
10 Cooling tower PSA Based Biogas Purification 2.2 3 960 3
fan
11 Air Vacuum PSA Based Biogas Purification TMBT 1.5 2 1430 3
Equipment
12 Air Compressor PSA Based Biogas Purification HAVELLS 1.5 2 1420 3
13 Bio-CNG Bio-CNG Filling Area BURCKHARDT 90 120 1485 3

Compressor
14 Air Blower Under pressure - over STANDARD 0.75 1 2800 1
pressure controller for Double
Membrane Biogas Roof - 1
15 Submersible Digestor 1 15 20 1450 3
Agitator (2 Nos)
16 Submersible Mixing Tank 18.75 25 1450 3
Agitator CEID
17 Submersible Fertilizer tank 15 20 1450 3
Agitator
18 Submersible Unloading pit 15 20 1450 3
Agitator
19 Solid Liquid Fertilizer Row APEX 5.5 7.5 1450 3
Separator
11
20 Cooling Tower Heat Exchanger New India 3.7 5 2800 3
21 Chiller Motor-1 Heat Exchanger 1.1 1.5 2800 3

Lubi
22 Chiller Motor-2 Heat Exchanger 3.7 5 3
(Panel)
The operational life of the Bio-methanation project activity is 20 years based upon the standard
operational and maintenance practices followed at the site.
Technical specification of the equipment is as follows:
S. No. Infrastructure/ Machinery/ Equipment Description

1. Biogas and Bio-Fertilizer Generation
a. Feeding Tank Feeding Tank for Raw Material

Preparation
b. Fertilizer Tank For Storage of Bio-Fertilizer
c. Digestor RCC Digestor (20 years of life subjected
to technical supervision under CEID)
d. High Flow Agitators (HFA) For Stirring of Slurry inside Digestors
e. Submersible Agitators (SA) For Stirring of Slurry inside Digestors,
Feeding Tank, Fertilizer Tank
f. Solid Liquid Separator For Separating Dry Bio-Fertilizer from
Digested Slurry
2. Raw Biogas Storage
a. Double Membrane Biogas Holders For Storage of Raw Biogas on top of
(Roof) Digestors; Make Sion Belgium
3. Biogas Purification
a. Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) For Biogas Purification, Capacity 600
m3/hr
• H2S Removal
• Moisture Removal
• Carbon Filter CO2 Removal
b. Online Purity Analyzer • BIO-400-S-PANEL
Make Ambetronics BIO-400-S-PANEL
4. Bio-CNG Bottling
a. BioCNG Compressor 5 Stage High Pressure Compressor for
filling of Purified Biogas into high
pressure Cylinders Cascades
Capacity - 300 m3/hr
b. Bio-CNG Filling Manifold • Filling Points in 2 Arms
• Provided with SRV's, Pressure
Gauges, On/Off Valves
Hose Pipe for each arm
5 Solid Liquid Separator Make CEID
6 SCADA Make R B Automation
12
In the absence of this Bio-CNG and Bio-fertilizer project activity, the waste material would have
been dumped in an unsanitary landfill, allowing them to undergo anaerobic decomposition
resulting in methane gas emission. The pre-project scenario is animal manure, press mud and
MSW generated were left to decay in anaerobic conditions without recovery of methane.
Waste streams from the sugar industry, animal manure and MSW waste serve as the project
activity's feedstocks. Methane is released into the atmosphere when these wastes are either left
to rot or improperly handled, such as when they are piled up in a landfill or treated in an
unscientific way. The proposed project activity processes the waste in closed biodigesters to
collect methane.
With regards to the condition prior to the project activity Bio-CNG supply for transportation, the
main fuel used is a fossil fuel. The project activity will displace an energy equivalent value of
fossil fuel from the baseline, which is the pre-project scenario.
1.12 Project Location

No. 39, East Street, Kuzhandai Kuppam, Vanamadevi PO, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu – 607105,
India. The latitude and longitude co-ordinates of the project activity are 11.7215814N,
79.6583220E
Figure 3: Satellite view of Project Location
13
Figure 4: Map showing Project Location
1.13 Conditions Prior to Project Initiation

Before the project activity, animal manure, press mud and MSW generated were left to decay in
anaerobic conditions without recovery of methane. Hence, greenhouse gases (i.e., methane)
generated from these wastes were released directly into the atmosphere.
With regards to the condition prior to the proposed Bio-CNG supply for transportation, the fuel
used is CNG fuel. The project activity will displace an energy equivalent value of CNG from the
baseline, which is the prior condition to the project.
Thus, overall baseline scenarios of the project activities are the same as those existing before
the start of the project activity implementation. Please refer to Section 3.4 (Baseline Scenario)
for further details.
1.14 Compliance with Laws, Statutes and Other Regulatory Frameworks

The project has received all necessary approvals for development and commissioning and is
following the local laws and regulations.
The relevant national laws and regulations pertaining to generation of energy in India are:
• Solid waste management Rules, 2016 6
6 https://cpcb.nic.in/uploads/MSW/SWM_2016.pdf
14
The generation of Bio-CNG from waste is not a legal requirement or a mandatory option. There
are state and sectoral policies framed primarily to encourage waste management projects. These
policies have also been developed in order to recognize the magnitude of the risks involved in
the projects and to attract private investment.
The current practice in India is the disposal of solid waste without any treatment or processing.
Hence the rules are systematically not enforced, and the non-compliance with the
recommendation is widespread in the country.
1.15 Participation under Other GHG Programs
Projects Registered (or seeking registration) under Other GHG Program(s)

The Project has not participated in any other GHG programs.
Projects Rejected by Other GHG Programs

The project has never been applied under any other GHG mechanisms; hence it has never been
rejected by any other GHG programs.
1.16 Other Forms of Credit
Emissions Trading Programs and Other Binding Limits
Net GHG emission reductions or removals generated by the project will not be used for
compliance with an emissions trading program or to meet binding limits on GHG emissions in any
emission trading program or other binding limits.
Other Forms of Environmental Credit

The project has no intent to generate any other form of GHG-related environmental credit for GHG
emission reductions or removals claimed under the VCS Program.
1.17 Sustainable Development Contributions
Sustainable Development Contributions Activity Description
SDG 13 – “Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts”
The project activity will prevent methane emissions from biodegradable wastes through
biodigesters with methane capture and utilization. Additionally, Bio-CNG replaces fossil
fuel-based CNG in baseline, which further contributes to climate change mitigation.
actions
15
SDG 3 – “Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”
The project activity prevents water and soil pollution by preventing organic waste from
decaying in landfills. Also, the displacement of fossil fuel-based CNG by Bio-CNG helps
in improving air quality. Thus, the project activity helps in human health and well-being
SDG 8 – “Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and
productive employment and decent work for all”
The project activity has created job opportunities for local people during construction
and is currently employing local people in various roles. The employees are provided
training, a decent work atmosphere, and fair pay. Thus, the project activity supports
decent work and economic growth of the local stakeholders.
SDG 7 – “Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all”
The project activity is primarily focused on the production of Bio-CNG, which is

renewable, clean, and sustainable. Thus, the project activity helps in the generation of
affordable and clean energy.
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SDG 11 – “Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and
sustainable”
The project involves waste-to-energy activity. The production of Bio-CNG helps in

planning clean energy. Avoiding of organic wastes from decaying in an unsanitary
landfill helps in a safe environment. The project's bio manure supply also helps reduce
synthetic fertilizers' usage, thereby contributing to sustainable agriculture.
Sustainable Development Contributions Activity Monitoring

The project activity is contributing toward fulfilling five SDG goals:
Anaerobic digestion is a superior technology for the treatment of organic waste materials. Since
the commissioning of the project, it has avoided 30,399 tons of greenhouse gas emissions in
the atmosphere. The project activity has produced 500 tons of Bio-CNG, which displaced an
equivalent amount of fossil fuel-based CNG. Thus, the project is contributing towards fulfilling
SDG 13.0.
The project has prevented 26,000 tons of organic waste from being dumped in an unsanitary
landfill. This substantially reduces the number of illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air,
water and soil pollution and contamination. Thus, the project activity is contributing toward
fulfilling SDG 3.9.
The project promotes local economic development and improves the quality of local stakeholders’
lives by providing potential job opportunities to the residents. The project has employed 15
people since commissioning, thus fulfilling SDG 8.5.
Bio-CNG produced in the project by deploying biodigesters to process organic wastes displaces
CNG which is a fossil fuel. The project activity has produced 500 tons of Bio-CNG since its
inception. This results in the development of affordable, renewable, and sustainable energy.
Thus, the project activity is fulfilling SDG 7.2.
Biomethanation is a process by which organic material is microbiologically converted under

anaerobic conditions to biogas. Prior to the project activity, the organic wastes collected were
disposed of in the existing solid waste disposal site, which resulted in anaerobic decomposition
of the waste leading to methane generation. The project activity has processed 26,000 tons of
organic waste since its inception. The project activity is reducing the environmental impact of
these wastes, including by paying special attention to air quality and other waste management.
Thus, it is fulfilling SDG 11.6 and helping in the sustainable development of communities.
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Table 1: Sustainable Development Contributions

Row number
SDG Target
SDG Indicator Net Impact on SDG Indicator Current Project Contributions Contributions Over Project Lifetime
Tons of greenhouse
1) 13.0 Implemented activities to The project has avoided the Since commissioning, the project has
gas emissions
avoided or removed increase emission of 30,399 tCO 2e into avoided emissions of 30,399 tCO 2e in the
the atmosphere
atmosphere
Since the commissioning of the project,

2) 3.0 Tons of organic Implemented activities to The project has avoided 27,000
27,000 tons of biodegradable waste have
waste avoided from decrease tons of biodegradable waste been prevented from being dumped in an
being dumped in a from unsanitary landfill dumping unsanitary landfill
landfill
The project has employed 15 people since

3) 8.5.1 8.5.1 Average Implemented activities to 15 people employed since
commissioning
hourly earnings of increase commissioning
female and male
employees, by
occupation, age and
persons with
disabilities
18
Since commissioning, the project has

4) 7.2 7.2 By 2030, Implemented activities to The project has produced 500
produced 500 tons of Bio-CNG, which is a
increase increase tons of Bio-CNG, which is a renewable fuel
substantially the renewable fuel
share of renewable
energy in the global
energy mix
The total quantity of organic waste and

5) 11.6.1 11.6.1 Proportion of Implemented activities to The total quantity of organic
animal manure transported to the project
solid waste increase waste and animal manure activity is 27,000 tons
collected and transported to the project activity
managed in is 27,000 tons
controlled facilities
out of total
municipal waste
generated, by cities
19
1.18 Additional Information Relevant to the Project
Leakage Management
Leakage emissions are considered as per the applicable tool.
Commercially Sensitive Information

No commercially sensitive information has been excluded from the public version of the project
description.
Sustainable Development
The National CDM Authority (NCDMA), which is the Designated National Authority (DNA) for the
Government of India (GOI) under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), has
mentioned four indicators for sustainable development in the interim approval guidelines for Clean
Development Mechanism (CDM) projects from India. Thus, the project’s contribution towards sustainable
development has been addressed based on the following sustainable development aspects:
Social well being
• The project activity will provide job opportunities to local people during the erection,
commissioning, and maintenance of the project.
• The creation of employment directly and indirectly positively affects the economy of the nearby
populace.
Environmental well being
• Bio-CNG is one of the cleanest renewable energies. The project activity leads to the generation
of clean energy from waste, thus solving two key environmental concerns, i.e., waste handling
and management and fossil fuel usage in transportation.
• The project activity creates a positive impact on air, water, and soil. The project activity prevents
seepage of leachate into the soil and underground water.
• Thus, the project activity contributes to environmental well-being without causing any negative
impact on the surrounding environment.
Economic well being
• The project activity generates permanent and temporary employment opportunities within the
vicinity of the project.
• The Bio-CNG and Biofertilizer project being a specific kind of project activity, creates a unique
set of skillsets amongst the workers, operators, and other local people employed under the
project. These skill sets can be highly useful for their career growth which directly signifies
improved economic conditions in their lives.
Technological well being
• The project activity displays an effective use of waste-to-energy systems and deploys state-of-art
technology to produce Bio-CNG, which is a clean form of energy.
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• The project activity showcases the production of high-quality Biofertilizers for use to improve the
fertility of the land in the region.
• The project will also contribute towards achieving sustainable waste management in the city. The
design and operation of this project, in conjunction with the avoidance of methane emissions and
the production of compost as a soil amendment, will serve as an example to many other urban
areas in the country that are facing similar waste management challenges.
Further Information
There is no other information that will have a bearing on the project’s eligibility, the net GHG emission
reductions or removals, or the quantification of the project’s net GHG emission reductions or removals.
2 SAFEGUARDS
2.1 No Net Harm
No harm was identified from the project, and hence no mitigation measures are applicable. As the project
is a methane avoidance project, there are no negative environmental and socio-economic impacts.
2.2 Local Stakeholder Consultation

The Local Stakeholder Meetings were organized at the project site, No. 39, East Street, Kuzhandai
Kuppam, Vanamadevi PO, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu – 607105, India.
Invitation Notice
Project Owner Plant LSH Meeting Date
Dates
Bio-CNG &
SLR Energy Biofertilizer 06-December-2019 18-December-2019
generation
The following stakeholders were invited to the project activity stakeholder meeting:
• Village public
• Local community
• Local village administration
• Local farmers
• Technology suppliers
• Local vendors
• Local municipal body
The minutes of the local stakeholder meeting, along with a list of attendees and other supporting’s, have
been submitted to the VVB.
Project representatives explained the project’s benefits and how the project would help fight against
climate change, and no negative comments were received during the local stakeholder meeting. A few
questions raised by local stakeholders were satisfactorily addressed. The Minutes of the Meeting, with a
comment sheet from LSH and an invitation letter receipt copy, will be submitted to the VVB. The project
21
owner also placed a grievance register onsite, where the stakeholder can put down his/her complaint,
which, if found genuine, will be addressed immediately. Also, regular stakeholder engagement is a key
focus at the site.
The local stakeholders’ consultation was well attended, with a number of participants coming from the
village’s local bodies and local residents around the project area. The stakeholders raised their concerns
about the environmental impact of the project, its financial viability, and the marketability of compost. The
project owner appropriately addressed these concerns, and the following table summarizes the concerns
raised by stakeholders and their corresponding responses.
PARTICPANTS’ QUESTIONS/CONCERN RESPONSE

How many local people would be employed 12-18 local people would be employed at the
at the project site? And will there be any site, and local people would be preferred at
preference for local people? the site.
What is the benefit of this project? The project’s positive impact on the
environment and the health of the local
populace has been explained.
Is the plant safe? What kind of safety Biogas technology is one of the safest
equipment are to be installed in the plant? technologies in the world. Fire safety
equipment, cautionary signage, and other
safety accessories would be provided to the
workers in the plant.
What are the minimum labor wages for The labor wages provided would be as per the
the workers going to be? rules and regulations of the Labor Law in the
State.
Will the local farmers be provided the Local farmers will be provided with organic
organic manure? manure at a competitive price. The
advantages of organic manure have also been
explained to the local community.
A grievance register is placed at the main gate near the security cabin as part of ongoing interaction with
the local stakeholders. The stakeholders can mention their grievances, if any. During the current
monitoring period, no grievances were received from the stakeholders.
2.3 Environmental Impact

The proposed project activity is a waste-to-energy project along with a few additional attributes, such as
the production of bio manure which will be used in the soil to improve soil fertility. Such projects rather
have a positive impact on the environment as it leads to effective waste management.
The environmental impact during the construction of the project, like noise pollution, is temporary and not
significant. Construction waste and domestic waste from the workers during the construction of the
project will be recycled to the maximum extent, and unusable waste will be disposed of in a sanitary way.
Thus, it can be concluded that the project has no net negative environmental impacts but rather has a
positive impact across the operation lifetime of the project.
2.4 Public Comments

The project shall be listed for 30 days period. In case any comments are received, they will be incorporated
during the validation.
2.5 AFOLU-Specific Safeguards
Not Applicable to the project activity.
22
3 APPLICATION OF METHODOLOGY
3.1 Title and Reference of Methodology
The project activity includes multiple project scenarios against the baseline scenarios. Hence, the project
activity applies multiple methodologies, as demonstrated below:
Methodologies applied:
Methodology 1:
AMS-III.AO.: Methane recovery through controlled anaerobic digestion --- Version 1.07
Methodology 2:
AMS-III.D.: Methane recovery in animal manure management systems, version 21.0 8
Methodology 3:
AMS-III.AQ.: Introduction of Bio-CNG in transportation applications, Version 02.0 9
The methodologies refer to the following CDM tools:
• TOOL05: Baseline, project and/or leakage emissions from electricity consumption and monitoring
of electricity generation 10, Version 03.0, EB 96, Annex 5.
• TOOL21: Demonstration of additionality of small-scale project activities, Version 13.1 11, EB 96,
Annex 5.
• TOOL14: Project and leakage emissions from anaerobic digesters, Version 2.0 12, EB 96 annex 7.
• TOOL03: Tool to calculate project or leakage CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion 13,Version
3.0, EB 96, Annex 4.
• TOOL04: Emissions from solid waste disposal sites, Version 08.1 14, EB 94, Annex 7.
• TOOL15: Upstream leakage emissions associated with fossil fuel use, version 02.0 15 , EB 81 annex
12.
• TOOL27: Investment analysis, version 12.0 16, EB 116 annex 2.
• TOOL06: Project emissions from flaring, version 04.0 17, EB 113 annex 10.
7 https://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/DB/F5U41CTG7ENWK9RSSL5BV1LUPDG76W
8 https://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/DB/H9DVSB24O7GEZQYLYNWUX23YS6G4RC
9 https://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/DB/TJV2WDEKTWSTLOX4KGZEMZVA7E25GC
10 https://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/PAmethodologies/tools/am-tool-05-v3.0.pdf
12 https://cdm.unfccc.int/methodologies/PAmethodologies/tools/am-tool-14-v2.pdf
23
• TOOL07: Tool to calculate the emission factor for an electricity system, version 07.0 18, EB 100 annex
4.
3.2 Applicability of Methodology
The applicability conditions for “AMS-III.AO (Version 1.0).: Methane recovery through controlled anaerobic
digestion”:
S. No. Applicability Criterion Project Case
1 This methodology comprises measures to The project activity comprises of organic wastes
avoid the emissions of methane to the (press mud and MSW) that would most likely
atmosphere from biomass or other organic have otherwise been left to decay anaerobically
matter that would have otherwise been left
in the baseline. The baseline emissions are
to decay anaerobically in a solid waste
disposal site (SWDS), or in an animal waste avoided by introducing an anaerobic digestion
management system (AWMS), or in a system with closed reactors. The biogas is
wastewater treatment system (WWTS). In further purified to Bio-CNG to be combusted in
the project activity, controlled biological transport applications, with an open flaring
treatment of biomass or other organic system also installed as safety measure or
matters is introduced through anaerobic when there is insufficient offtake for
digestion in closed reactors equipped with
transportation sector. Thus, the required
biogas recovery and combustion/flaring
system. The following conditions apply: conditions are as follows:
a) Digestion of biomass or other a) Not Applicable: There are more than one
organic matter (excluding animal manure substrate for digestion.
and sludge generated in the wastewater
treatment works) as a single source of
substrate is included;
b) Co-digestion of multiple sources of b) Applicable: The project activity involves the co-
biomass substrates, e.g., MSW, organic digestion of animal manure that would
waste, animal manure, wastewater, where otherwise have been treated in an anaerobic
those organic matters would otherwise have treatment system without biogas recovery. This
been treated in an anaerobic treatment has been further explained in the AMS-III.D.
system without biogas recovery is also methodology’s applicability conditions below. In
eligible; the proposed project activity, the recovered
biogas is purified to Bio-CNG and used in
transport. Hence, the biogas recovery
requirement is also met.
c) If for one or more sources of c) As for all substrates, the organic matter would
substrates, it cannot be demonstrated that otherwise have been left to decay anaerobically,
the organic matter would otherwise been which is the baseline condition, hence baseline
left to decay anaerobically, baseline emissions have been calculated. The baseline
emissions related to such organic matter scenario related to methane emissions is
shall be accounted for as zero, whereas explained as follows:
project emissions shall be calculated Press mud:
according to the procedures presented in According to the baseline study, in the region of
this methodology for all co- digested Cuddalore district press mud waste
24
substrates; management involves either stockpiling or

dumping in open areas leading to negative
impacts on climate. The press mud in open
dumps, as a consequence of anaerobic
digestion of the organic fraction of waste
decomposes over a period of time generating
and releasing methane into the atmosphere.
MSW:
Prior to the implementation of project activity,
the MSW was being dumped at a nearby landfill
site. Landfilling is the major municipal solid
waste (MSW) disposal method practiced in the
region according to the baseline study. Though
it is considered as the most cost-effective
means of waste disposal, poor management
practices like landfilling are the major causes of
environmental pollution.19
Detailed information will be described further in

section 3.4 below.
d) Project participants shall apply the d) Not Applicable: Since the project substrates are
procedures related to the “competing use the waste organic matters, hence “competing
for the biomass” according to the latest use for the biomass” for the purpose of leakage
“General guidance on leakage in biomass emissions is not required.
project activities”.
e) The Project includes treat of animal manure (i.e.
e) Project activities treating animal more than one substrate), hence AMS-III.D has
manure as single source substrate shall been referred (provided applicability
apply AMS-III.D “Methane recovery in separately); however, AMS-III.H is not applicable
animal manure management systems” as wastewater treatment is not considered at
similarly projects only treating wastewater the project activity.
and/or sludge generated in the wastewater
treatment works shall apply AMS-III.H
“Methane recovery in wastewater
treatment”;
f) Applicable: The Project does not include
f) The project activity does not recovery or combustion of landfill gas. It does
recover or combust landfill gas from the not include controlled combustion of the waste.
disposal site (unlike AMS-III.G “Landfill Also, it does not include activities pertaining to
methane recovery”), and does not wastewater treatment. Hence, the methodology
undertake controlled combustion of the AMS-III.H. is not used.
waste that is not treated biologically in a
first step (unlike AMS-III.E “Avoidance of
methane production from decay of biomass
through controlled combustion, gasification
or mechanical/thermal treatment”). Project
activities that recover biogas from
19 https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-73645-7_167
25
wastewater treatment shall use

methodology AMS-III.H.
2 Measures are limited to those that Applicable: The baseline emissions through
result in emission reductions of less than measures from all Type III components of the
or equal to 60 ktCO2 equivalent annually. project activity is to the tune of 45,083 tCO2e
annually (calculated as annualized average across
the first crediting period) and is not expected to
exceed 60ktCO2e during any time of the crediting
period. This has been demonstrated under the
section 5 of this document.
3 The location and characteristics of the Applicable: The project activity pertaining to the
disposal site of the biomass used for baseline scenarios applicable under this
digestion in the baseline condition shall be methodology considers Stockpiling of waste as the
known, in such a way as to allow the nature of the disposal sites. Thus, the following
estimation of its methane emissions. conditions are applicable to the project activity
(which shall be established by PP during the
Guidelines in AMS-III.G, AMS-III.D, AMS-III.E validation process) and AMS-III.D has been
(concerning stockpiles) and AMS-III.H (as referred (provided applicability separately);
the case may be) shall be followed in this
regard. Project activities for co- digestion of
animal manure shall also meet the
requirements under paragraphs 1 and 2(c)
of AMS-III.D. The following requirement
shall be checked ex ante at the beginning of
each crediting period:
a) Not Applicable: Option b is considered as follows
a) Establish that identified landfill(s) /
stockpile(s) can be expected to
accommodate the waste to be used for the
project activity for the duration of the
crediting period; or b) Applicable: The baseline study establishes that
it is a common practice to dispose off the waste
b) Establish that it is common practice in in SWDS (landfill/ stockpile).
the regionto dispose off the waste in solid
waste disposal site(landfill/stockpile) Detailed information will be described further in
section 3.4 below
4 The project participants shall clearly Applicable: The project proponent has accessed and
define the geographical boundary of the confirms that the maximum distance from where the
region referred to in 3(b), and document it identified wastes shall be transported is 150 km
in the CDM-PDD. In defining the (based on waste purchase receipt). Similarly, the
geographical boundary of the region, final product (i.e., Bio-CNG) and the by-product (bio-
project participants should take into manure) shall be transported within maximum of
account the source of waste, i.e. if waste is 200 km radius from the project location. And these
transported up to 50 km, the region may distances has been defined as fixed project
cover a radius of 50 km around the project boundary.
activity. In addition, it should also consider
the distances to which the final product
after digestion will be transported. In either
case, the region should cover a reasonable
radius around theproject activity that can be
justified with reference to the project
circumstances but in no case it shall be
more than 200 km. Once defined, the
boundaryshould not be changed amidst the
crediting period(s).
26
5 In case residual waste from the Applicable: The residual from the bio-refinery is
digestion is handled aerobically and identified as bio-manure, which will be submitted for
submitted to soil application, the proper soil application. The residual waste from the
conditions and procedures (not resulting in digestion will be handled aerobically. It will be
methane emissions) for storage and spread out in thin layers and dried in the sun (not
transportation and soil application must be resulting in methane emissions). After drying, it will
ensured. be given to farmers for soil application 20. Therefore,
the proper conditions and procedures for storage
and transportation and soil application has been
ensured by PP such that it does not lead to any
methane emissions.
6 In case residual waste from the digestion Not Applicable: There will be no thermal/
is treated thermally / mechanically, the mechanical treatment of bio-residual as it is
provisions in AMS-III.Erelated to thermal / submitted to soil application. Hence this criterion is
mechanical treatment shall be applied. not applicable.
7 In case residual waste from the digestion Not Applicable: The bio-residual will be used for soil
is stored under anaerobic conditions application as described in the applicability
and/or delivered to a landfill, emissions condition #5 in this table. Hence the residual waste
from the residual waste shall to be taken is not to be stored under any anaerobic condition.
into account and calculated as per the
latest version of the. Tool to determine
methane emissions avoided from disposal
of waste at a solidwaste disposal site.
8 In case the outflow from the digestion is Not Applicable: The outflow from the digestion
discharged to a subsequent wastewater is further reused. The wastewater is mixed with the
treatment system or to the natural water organic waste in a mixing tank and sent again to the
receiving body, relevant procedure in AMS- biodigester; thus, it is confirmed that it is not
III.H shall be followed to estimate the released to any natural water receiving body.
resultant project emissions.
9 Technical measures shall be used to ensure Applicable: The recovered biogas in the Project will
that all biogas captured from the digester is be upgraded and used as Bio-CNG for further use in
combusted/flared. transportation. An open flaring system is also
present in the premises as a standby in case the
biogas needs to be flared.
10 All the applications to utilize the recovered Applicable: The recovered biogas in the project will
biogas detailed in paragraph 3 of AMS-III.H be upgraded and used as Bio-CNG for utilization as
are eligible for use under this methodology. fuel in transportation applications. Now as per
The relevant procedure in AMS-III.H shall be paragraph 11 of AMS-III.H, this component is
followed in this regard. calculated using the methodology AMS-III.AQ.
The applicability conditions for “AMS-III.D (version 21.0).: Methane recovery in animal manure
management systems”:
20 https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/Tamil-Nadu-tops-in-use-of-bio-fertilizers/article14003889.ece
27
1 This methodology covers project activities In the pre-project scenario, the animal manure
involving the replacement or modification of generated from the various livestock farms and
anaerobic animal manure management gaushalas is being dumped in the nearby low-lying
systems in livestock farms to achieve areas in an unscientific manner. The waste gets
methane recovery and destruction by deposited in due course of time in layers and the
bottommost layer is subject to heat and pressure in
flaring/combustion or gainful use of the the absence of air. Thus, conditions leading to
recovered methane. It also covers anaerobic decomposition occur in such cases without
treatment of manure collected from several any methane recovery. The proposed project activity
farms in a centralized plant. involves replacement of existing anaerobic system
where these wastes would be treated scientifically in
a centralized plant in closed biodigesters in anaerobic
conditions with a provision to recover methane
generated from the process. The Bio-CNG (purified
methane) is then utilized in transport applications.
This methodology is only applicable under The applicable conditions of methodology as follows:
the following conditions:
a) The livestock in the farm is managed a) Applicable: The project activity plans to utilize
under confined conditions. the animal manure from individual farms
identified near the vicinity of the plant and the
nearby gaushalas. The cattle owners of these
individual farms and the gaushala
administrators manage the livestock under
confined conditions i.e., raised in a barn, house
or kept fenced as in a gaushala. Hence the
project meets the applicability condition
b) Manure or the streams obtained after b) Applicable: The slurry from the individual farms
treatment are not discharged into and gaushalas is dumped in the nearby low-lying
natural water resources (e.g. river or areas of the region. After the dumping of the
estuaries), otherwise “AMS-III.H slurry, these wastes that are accumulated over
Methane recovery in wastewater months are left undisturbed in that state. These
treatment" shall be applied; anaerobically decomposed matters finally
become manure that can be used in soil
application. The same has also been explained
by the Assistant Director of Animal Husbandry,
Cuddalore district, Government of Tamil Nadu in
the Statement for Traditional Use of Cattle
Dung21. Hence, there is no discharge into
natural water resources.
c) The annual average temperature of c) Applicable: The projects activity is located in

baseline site where anaerobic manure Cuddalore district of the state of Tamil Nadu in
treatment facility is located is higher India and the baseline sites are also within the
than 5°C. same state and region. This is one of the
21 Letter from Assistant Director of Animal Husbandry, Cuddalore district, Government of Tamil Nadu, dated 29-05-2019
28
warmest regions in India with an average daily

high temperature of 27.8 degrees centigrade22.
Thus, the average annual temperature of the
baseline site where anaerobic manure
treatment facilityis located is much higher than
5˚C.
d) In the baseline scenario the retention d) Applicable: In the baseline scenario, the animal
time of manure waste in the anaerobic manure was disposed of in the low-lying areas
treatment system is greater than one in slurry form in the open area in the same
month, and if anaerobic lagoons are region in sites without any cover. This animal
used in the baseline, their depths are manure lies in this state for a period of more
at least 1 m; than one month and gets decomposed in
conditions leading to anaerobic decomposition.
This has been established in the baseline
survey.
e) No methane recovery and destruction e) Applicable: In absence of the proposed project

by flaring or combustion for gainful use activity, the animal manure was disposed of in
takes place in the baseline scenario. the low-lying areas in slurry form in the same
region without any cover. The animal manure
gets decomposed with the passage of time and
leads to conditions conducive to anaerobic
decomposition. This results in the emissions of
methane gas directly to the atmosphere. The
baseline study around the project radius
confirms no methane recovery and disposing of
animal manure primarily because of the cost
involved in putting up these recovery systems.
2 The project activity shall satisfy the The project activity is satisfying the following
following conditions: conditions:
a) The residual waste from the animal a) Applicable: In the project activity, the residual
manure management system shall be waste from the biodigester will be dried to
handled aerobically, otherwise the achieve the necessary moisture content under
related emissions shall be taken into aerobic conditions to produce bio-fertilizer. This
account as per relevant procedures of organic fertilizer will be used by the local farmers
“AMS-III.AO Methane recovery through for soil application ensuring proper conditions
controlled anaerobic digestion". In the and procedures not resulting in methane
case of soil application, proper emissions.
conditions and procedures (not
resulting in methane emissions) must
be ensured;
b) Technical measures shall be used b) Applicable: In the project activity, the technical
(including a flare for exigencies) to measures considered in the design ensures that
22 https://en.climate-data.org/asia/india/tamil-nadu/cuddalore-24057/
29
ensure that all biogas produced by the all the biogas produced by the digester is
digester is used or flared; upgraded to produce compressed biogas (CBG)
which is fully utilized for transportation purposes
and flaring happens in case of any emergency or
when there is insufficient offtake for
transportation sector.
c) The storage time of the manure after c) Applicable: The locations of the farms and
removal from the animal barns, gaushalas from where manure/cattle waste is
including transportation, should not collected is within 90 km radius. The animal
exceed 45 days before being fed into manure will be transported to the project site by
the anaerobic digester. If the project trucks and will be utilized on a daily basis without
proponent can demonstrate that the
storing the collected animal manure. Moreover,
dry matter content of the manure when
removed from the animal barns is the fact that the identified farms are in and
larger than 20%, this time constraint around the distance of 90 kms from the project
will not apply site, it would not take the transporting vehicles
more than 4 hours to reach the project site.
Inventory this is minimal and in no case would
warrant storage of more than 45 days.
3 Projects that recover methane from landfills In the project activity, methane is not recovered from
shall use AMS-III.G “Landfill methane landfills and hence AMS-III.G is not applicable.
recovery” and projects for wastewater Similarly, the project does not consider for emission
treatment shall use AMSIII.H. Project for calculation against the wastewater treatment,
composting of animal manure shall use hence AMS-III.H is not applied. Similarly, the project
AMS-III.F “Avoidance of methane emissions does not involve composting of animal manure,
through composting”. Project activities instead it is treated under co-digestion with other
involving co-digestion of animal manure and organic matters; hence AMS-III.F is not applicable.
other organic matters shall use the The project thus correctly applies AMS-III.AO whose
methodology AMSIII.AO “Methane recovery applicability has been explained in the previous
through controlled anaerobic digestion” table.
4 Utilization of the recovered biogas in one of Applicable: As per para 4(e) of methodology AMS-
the options detailed in AMS-III.H is also III.H (version 19.0) the recovered biogas has been
eligible under this methodology. The used as fuel in transportation applications after
respective procedures in AMS-III.H shall be upgrading. There is no use of biogas for power
followed in this regard. If the recovered auxiliary equipment in the project activity. This can
biogas is used to power auxiliary equipment be confirmed from the DPR.
of the project activity, it should be taken into
account accordingly, using zero as its
emission factor; however, energy used for
such purposes is not eligible as an SSC CDM
Type I project component.
5 New facilities (Greenfield projects) and Project activity is a new facility (greenfield project)
project activities involving capacity additions and it does not involve in any capacity addition. This
compared to the baseline scenario is only can be confirmed from the consent to establish given
eligible if they comply with the related and by the state pollution control board or the
relevant requirements in the “General commissioning certificate compared to the baseline
Guidelines for SSC CDM methodologies”. scenario. Hence, this condition is not applicable for
the project activity.
6 The requirements concerning Not Applicable: Since the project activity is a
demonstration of the remaining lifetime of greenfield project, the project activity does not
the replaced equipment shall be met as involve any replacement of any equipment. Hence,
described in the “General Guidelines for SSC this condition is not applicable for the project activity.
CDM methodologies”
7 Measures are limited to those that result in Applicable: The baseline emissions through
aggregate emission reductions of less than measures from all Type III components of the project
or equal to 60 kt CO2 equivalent annually activity is to the tune of 45,083 tCO2e annually
30
from all Type III components of the project (calculated as annualized average across the first
activity. crediting period) and is not expected to exceed
60ktCO2e during any time of the crediting period.
This has been demonstrated under the section 5 of
this document.
The applicability conditions for “AMS-III.AQ (Version 02) Introduction of Bio-CNG in transportation
applications”:

1 This methodology comprises activities for production Applicable: The project activity will
of Biogenic Compressed Natural Gas (Bio-CNG) from produce Bio-CNG from press mud, MSW
biomass including biomass residues and cultivated waste and animal manure i.e., from
biomass to be used in transportation applications. biomass residues. The Bio-CNG is to be
Biomass cultivated for production of the Bio-CNG used in transportation applications. The
organic matters being used in the
should be sourced from dedicated plantations. project does not include cultivated
biomass.
2 The project activity involves installation and operation Applicable: The project involves
of Bio-CNG plant that includes: installation and operation of Bio-CNG
(a) Anaerobic digester(s) to produce and recover plant that includes:
biogas; (a) Anaerobic digester(s) to produce and
(b) Biogas treatment system that includes processing, recover biogas as detailed in the DPR.
purification and compression of the biogas to obtain (b) As mentioned in the DPR, Biogas
up-graded biogas such that methane content, its treatment system includes processing,
purification and compression of the
quality and the physical and chemical properties are biogas to obtain upgraded biogas which
equivalent to the CNG; has enhanced methane content so as to
(c) Filling stations, storage and transportation meet the quality and physical &
chemical properties equivalent to CNG.
3 This methodology covers the use of Bio-CNG in various Applicable: The Bio-CNG is used in CNG
types of transportation applications such as vehicles.
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) vehicles, modified
vehicles. Examples include buses, trucks, three-
wheeler, cars, jeeps, etc.
4 If the part of the recovered biogas is injected into a Not applicable: The Bio-CNG is used for
natural gas distribution grid, emission reduction for vehicles that are using CNG as a fuel.
that component of the project activity can be claimed
following the provisions in annex 1 of “AMS-III.H:
Methane recovery in wastewater treatment”.
5 This methodology is applicable if the methane content Applicable: The methane content in
of the upgraded biogas is in accordance with relevant upgraded gas will be in line with
national regulations and in their absence a minimum applicable regulations in host country23.
of 96 per cent (by volume).
6 If the project activity utilizes biomass sourced from Not applicable: There is no biomass
dedicated plantations, the applicability conditions cultivated at dedicated plantations in
prescribed in the methodological tool “project the feedstock for production of Bio-
emissions from cultivation of biomass” shall apply. CNG. Therefore the tool “project
emissions from cultivation of biomass”
is not applicable.
23 https://www.bharatpetroleum.in/our-businesses/gas/compressed-natural-gas.aspx
31
7 The retailers, final users (where applicable) and the Applicable: Since only the producer of
producer of the Bio- CNG are bound by a contract Bio-CNG can emission reductions and
that states that the final consumers and retailers there is a contract for sale, signed
shall not claim emission reductions resulting from between the project owner and CBG
its consumption. Only theproducer of the Bio-CNG buyer (retailer) to ensure that the
retailer shall not claim emission
can claim emission reductions under this reductions resulting from the Bio-CNG
methodology. consumption.
8 The export of Bio-CNG produced under this Applicable: There is no export of Bio-
methodology is not allowed. CNG outside the host country (India).
9 The digested residue waste leaving the reactor shall Applicable: The residual waste from the
be handled aerobically and submitted to soil entire process (i.e., in the form of
application, the proper procedures and conditions Biofertilizer/ Manure) is sent for soil
not resulting in the methane emissions shall be applications. The steps taken to ensure
ensured; otherwise, the emissions shall be taken into no GHG emissions has been explained
account as per relevant procedures of “AMS-III.AO.: in AMS III AO applicability condition.
Methane recovery through controlled anaerobic
digestion”.
10 Measures are limited to those that result in emission Applicable: The baseline emissions
reduction of less than or equal to 60 kt CO2 equivalent through measures from all Type III
annually. Where applicable the sum of the emission components of the project activity is to
the tune of 45,083 tCO2e annually
reductions from all Type III components of a project (calculated as annualized average
activity should comply with 60 kt CO2 equivalent across the first crediting period) and is
annually. not expected to exceed 60 kt CO2e
during any time of the crediting period.
This has been demonstrated under the
section 5 of this document.
Applicability of tools applied in the project activity is as follows:
Tools Applicability Justification

TOOL03: Tool to This tool provides procedures to calculate Applicable: The project consumes
calculate project or project and/or leakage CO 2 emissions from diesel and hence causes CO 2
leakage CO 2 the combustion of fossil fuels. It can be used emissions from diesel combustion.
emissions from in cases where CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel These emissions are calculated based
fossil fuel combustion are calculated based on the on the quantity of fuel combusted.
combustion quantity of fuel combusted and its
properties. Methodologies using this tool
should specify to which combustion process
j this tool is being applied.
TOOL04: Emissions The tool can be used to determine Applicable: Project activity avoids the
from solid waste emissions for the following types of disposal of waste at a SWDS. The
disposal sites applications: waste is treated with bio methanation
a) Application A: The CDM project and is prevented from being disposed
activity mitigates methane of in a SWDS. The methane that would
emissions from a specific existing have been generated from waste
SWDS. disposed of in a SWDS is avoided
during the crediting period.
32
b) Application B: : The CDM project

activity avoids or involves the
disposal of waste at a SWDS.
In the case that: (a) different types of Applicable: It’s co-digestion of multiple
residual waste are disposed or prevented organic wastes (i.e., press mud, MSW
from disposal; or that (b) both MSW and and animal manure), so multiple
residual waste(s) are prevented from organic wastes are or prevented from
disposal, then the tool should be applied disposal, and the tool has been applied
separately to each residual waste and to the separately to each waste.
MSW.
TOOL05: Baseline, If emissions are calculated for electricity Applicable: Emissions for electricity
project and/or consumption, the tool is only applicable if consumption involve Scenario A:
leakage emissions one out of the following three scenarios Electricity consumption from the grid.
from electricity applies to the sources of electricity
consumption and consumption:
monitoring of Scenario A: Electricity consumption from the
electricity grid.
generation Scenario B: Electricity consumption from (an)
off-grid fossil fuel fired captive power plant(s)
Scenario C: Electricity consumption from the
grid and (a) fossil fuel fired captive power
plant(s)
This tool is not applicable in cases where Applicable: No captive renewable
captive renewable power generation power generation technologies are
technologies are installed to provide installed to provide electricity in the
electricity in the project activity, in the project activity, in the baseline
baseline scenario or to sources of leakage. scenario or to sources of leakage.
The tool only accounts for CO 2 emissions.
This tool provides procedures to calculate Applicable: The project activity

TOOL06: Project project emissions from flaring of a residual includes an open flare.
emissions from gas. The tool is applicable to enclosed or
flaring open flares and project participants should
document in the CDM-PDD the type of flare
used in the project activity.
This tool is applicable to the flaring of Applicable: Option b is applicable as
flammable greenhouse gases where: the source of the residual gas is a
(a) Methane is the component with the biogenic source (biogas).
highest concentration in the flammable
residual gas; and
(b) The source of the residual gas is coal
mine methane or a gas from a biogenic
33
source (e.g., biogas, landfill gas or

wastewater treatment gas).
The tool is not applicable to the use of Applicable: The project does not
auxiliary fuels and therefore the residual gas involve the use of auxiliary fuels. The
must have sufficient flammable gas present residual gas (biogas) has a methane
to sustain combustion. In the case of an content of ~50% and therefore has
enclosed flare, there shall be operating sufficient flammable gas present to
specifications provided by the manufacturer sustain combustion. The flare is not an
of the flare and these shall be followed by the enclosed flare in the project.
project participant.
TOOL07: Tool to This tool may be applied to estimate the OM, Not Applicable: The project activity
calculate the BM and/or CM when calculating baseline does not substitute grid electricity in
emission factor for emissions for a project activity that any way.
an electricity substitutes grid electricity that is where a
system project activity supplies electricity to a grid or
a project activity that results in savings of
electricity that would have been provided by
the grid (e.g. demand side energy efficiency
projects).
Under this tool, the emission factor for the Emission factor has been sourced from
project electricity system can be calculated CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY:
either for grid power plants only or, as an CO2 BASELINE DATABASE, VERSION
option, can include off-grid power plants. In 18.0 dated December-2022, and "Tool
the latter case, two sub-options under the to Calculate the Emission Factor for an
step 2 of the tool are available to the project Electricity System", Version 7.0.
participants, i.e. option IIa and option IIb. If
option IIa is chosen, the conditions specified
in “Appendix 1: Procedures related to off-grid
power generation” should be met. Namely,
the total capacity of off-grid power plants (in
MW) should be at least 10 per cent of the
total capacity of grid power plants in the
electricity system; or the total electricity
generation by off-grid power plants (in MWh)
should be at least 10 per cent of the total
electricity generation by grid power plants in
the electricity system; and that factors which
negatively affect the reliability and stability of
the grid are primarily due to constraints in
generation and not to other aspects such as
transmission capacity
In case of CDM projects the tool is not The project activity is located in India,
applicable if the project electricity system is a non-Annex I country. Therefore, this
34
located partially or totally in an Annex I criterion is not applicable to the project

country activity.
Under this tool, the value applied to the CO 2 Not Applicable: There is no use of
emission factor of biofuels is zero. biofuels in the project.
TOOL14: Project and The following sources of project emissions Applicable: The sources (a), (b), (c) and
leakage emissions are accounted for in this tool: (d) of project emissions are accounted
for the project accordingly.
from anaerobic (a) CO 2 emissions from consumption of
digesters electricity associated with the operation of
the anaerobic digester;
(b) CO 2 emissions from consumption of fossil
fuels associated with the operation of the
anaerobic digester;
© CH4 emissions from the digester
(emissions during maintenance of the
digester, physical leaks through the roof and
side walls, and release through safety valves
due to excess pressure in the digester); and
(d) CH4 emissions from flaring of biogas.
The following sources of leakage emissions Not Applicable:
are accounted for in this tool: (a) CH 4 and (a) The project activity is bio
N2O emission from composting of digestate; methanation and no
(b) CH4 emissions from the anaerobic decay composting happens.
of digestate disposed in a SWDS or subjected (b) The waste is not stored
to anaerobic storage, such as in a anaerobically, so these
emissions are not applicable.
stabilization pond.
Emission sources associated with N 2O Applicable: These are minor emission
emissions from physical leakages from the sources for the project.
digester, transportation of feed material and
digestate or any other on-site transportation,
piped distribution of the biogas, aerobic
treatment of liquid digestate and land
application of the digestate are neglected
because these are minor emission sources
or because they are accounted in the
methodologies referring to this tool.
TOOL15: Upstream The tool is applicable to calculate leakage Applicable: The tool is applicable to
leakage emissions upstream emissions associated with fossil calculate leakage upstream emissions
associated with fuel use in either or both the baseline associated with fossil fuel use in the
fossil fuel use scenario and project activity. baseline scenario.
Upstream emissions associated with fossil Upstream emissions associated with
fuel use are: fossil fuel use are:
(a) Fugitive emissions of CH4 and CO 2, (a) Not Applicable: Fugitive emissions
including venting, flaring and of CH4 and CO 2, including venting,
physical leakage from equipment;
35
(b) CO2 emissions from combustion of flaring and physical leakage from
fossil fuels; equipment are not involved
(c) CO2 emissions associated with (b) Applicable: Upstream emissions
consumption of electricity. associated with CO 2 emissions from
combustion of fossil fuels are
considered.
(c) Applicable: Upstream CO 2
emissions associated with
consumption of electricity.
Other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions Applicable: Other greenhouse gas
sources, such as those associated with the (GHG) emissions sources, such as
construction of equipment are relatively those associated with the construction
small and therefore not considered. of equipment are relatively small and
therefore not considered.
The tool has two options to determine these Applicable: The tool has two options to
emissions: determine these emissions:
Option (A) Option (A)
provides simple default emission factors for provides simple default emission
different types of fossil fuels and factors for different types of fossil fuels
Option (B) and
calculates emission factors based on Option (B)
emissions for each upstream emissions calculates emission factors based on
stage. emissions for each upstream
Option (B) requires identifying the relevant emissions stage.
upstream emissions stages and the Option (B) requires identifying the
corresponding emission factor for each relevant upstream emissions stages
stage, which may be a default value or and the corresponding emission factor
calculated, such as according to the 2006 for each stage, which is a default value
IPCC Tier 2 or 3 methodology. or calculated, according to the 2006
IPCC Tier 2 or 3 methodology.
This tool is applicable to the following types Applicable: The tool is applicable,
of fossil fuels, which can be categorized to be Compressed natural gas (CNG) has
either based on natural gas, oil or coal: been considered.
(a) Natural gas:
(i) Natural gas;
(ii) Natural gas liquids (mixtures of
primarily pentanes and heavier
hydrocarbon);
(iii) Propane, butane, and other types of
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG);
(iv) Liquefied natural gas (LNG);
(v) Compressed natural gas (CNG);
(b) Oil:
(i) Light fuel oil (diesel);
36
(ii) Heavy fuel oil (bunker or marine

type);
(iii) Gasoline;
(iv) Kerosene (household and aviation);
(v) Propane, butane, and other types of
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG);
(c) Coal:
(i) Coal;
Lignite.
Methodologies which refer to this tool should Methodologies that refer to this tool
state: should state:
(a) The fossil fuel type(s), as listed (a) Applicable: The tool is
above, for which upstream emissions applicable, as fossil fuel
should be determined. For the Compressed natural gas (CNG)
situation that the fossil fuel is has been considered.
defined at the project level, instead
of in the methodology, and does not
exactly match a type listed above,
then the closest approximation shall
be selected in terms of the fuel
characteristics (e.g. natural gas, oil
or coal based fuel) and fossil fuel
lifecycle stages (see Table 1 in the
appendix);
(b) Procedures to determine the amount
of each fossil fuel type(s) used in the
baseline or project situation on a net
calorific value (NCV); (b) Default NCV has been opted
(c) Whether there is a possibility that from IPCC.
leakage upstream emissions values
are less than 0, such as for project
activities in which a fossil fuel in the
baseline situation is displaced with a
(c) Applicable: Leakage upstream
renewable fuel in the project
emissions values are less than
situation. Otherwise, if negative
values are calculated using this tool, zero. Therefore net leakage
then they are assumed to equal 0. In should always be considered
as zero.
any case, net leakage should always
be considered as zero when net
leakage effects are negative.
37
TOOL21: The use of the methodological tool Applicable: The project activity is small
Demonstration of “Demonstration of additionality of small- scale and CDM approved SSC
additionality of scale project activities” is not mandatory for methodologies (ASM-III.AO., ASM-III.D.
small-scale project project participants when proposing new and AMS-III.AQ.) have been used.
activities methodologies. Project participants and Therefore this tool has been used for
coordinating/managing entities may propose demonstrating additionality for the
alternative methods to demonstrate proposed project activity.
additionality for consideration by the
Executive Board.
TOOL27: This methodological tool is applicable to Applicable: The project activities apply
Investment analysis project activities that apply the the methodological tool
methodological tool “Tool for the “Demonstration of additionality of
demonstration and assessment of small-scale project activities”.
additionality”, the methodological tool
“Combined tool to identify the baseline
scenario and demonstrate additionality”, the
guidelines “Non-binding best practice
examples to demonstrate additionality for
SSC project activities”, or baseline and
monitoring methodologies that use the
investment analysis for the demonstration of
additionality and/or the identification of the
baseline scenario.
In case the applied approved baseline and Not Applicable: The applied approved
monitoring methodology contains baseline and monitoring methodology
requirements for the investment analysis does not contain requirements for the
that are different from those described in this investment analysis that are different
methodological tool, the requirements from those described in this
contained in the methodology shall prevail. methodological tool.
38
3.3 Project Boundary
Figure 5: Project boundary for AMS-III.AO and AMS-III.D
The boundary for the project is as follows.
AMS-III.AO, Clause Inclusion in Boundary

Version 1.0
a Where the solid waste (including The solid waste would have been
animal manure, where applicable) disposed of in the identified solid waste
would have been disposed and the disposal site. This is included in the
methane emission occurs in project boundary. The project boundary
absence of the proposed project covers the waste collection area Vellore
activity; Corporation Compost and Municipal
Dump Yard, FHM6+J2F, Krishnagiri Road,
Tirupathur.
b In the case of projects co-digesting There is no co-digesting of wastewater in
wastewater, where the wastewater the project activity. Hence, this is not
would have been treated included in the project boundary.
anaerobically in the absence of the
project activity;
39
c Where the treatment of biomass or The project boundary includes an

other organic matters through anaerobic digester where the treatment
anaerobic digestion takes place; of organic matter through anaerobic
digestion takes place.
d Where the residual waste from The dedicated drying yard for the residual
biological treatment or products waste from the digestion is included in the
from those treatments, like slurry, project boundary. The farmlands where
are handled, disposed, submitted the composted residual waste from the
to soil application, or treated project plant is submitted to soil are not
thermally/mechanically; at the project site, but they are included in
the project boundary.
e Where biogas is burned/flared or The project site includes an open flaring
gainfully used, including biogas system which is included in the boundary.
sale points, if applicable; The sale points are also included in the
project boundary.
f And the itineraries between them The transportation route between a, c and
(a, b, c, d and e), where the d are included in the project boundary.
transportation of waste,
wastewater, where applicable
manure, residual waste after
digestion, or biogas occurs.
AMS-III.D., Clause Inclusion in Boundary

Version
21.0
The project boundary includes the physical, geographical site(s) of:
a The livestock The geographical sites of the livestock
used for animal manure generation are
included in the project boundary.
b Animal manure management Animal manure management systems
systems (including centralised (including centralized manure treatment
manure treatment plant where plant where applicable) have been
applicable) included in the project boundary.
c Facilities which recover and The project site includes an open flaring
flare/combust or use methane system which is included in the boundary.
The sale points are also included in the
project boundary.
AMS-III.AQ, Clause Inclusion in Boundary

Version 2.0
40
The spatial extent of the project boundary encompasses:

a The Bio-CNG plant; The Bio-CNG plant is included in the
project boundary.
b Where applicable, transportation There is no biomass used in project
of biomass from the point of their activity so it is not included in the project
origin to BioCNG plant; boundary.
c Where applicable, transportation The project boundary includes the
of Bio-CNG from biogas plant to transportation from the Bio-CNG plant to
filling stations where it is used by filling stations where it is used by the final
final consumers; consumers.
d The land at which the cultivation of The area/region from where the waste
biomass used for the production of organic matter for the production of Bio-
Bio-CNG and/or the area/region CNG is sourced is included in the project
from where the waste organic boundary. There is no dedicated
matters for the production of Bio- cultivation of biomass in this project
CNG is sourced; activity.
e In cases where project participants There is no modification of gasoline
carry out modification of gasoline vehicles, so it is not included in the project
vehicles to enable the use of Bio- boundary.
CNG, the vehicles shall be included
in the boundary.
3.4 Baseline Scenario

The project activities comprise a variety of baseline scenarios, which are evaluated and
established using a variety of approaches. According to the methodological decisions, the
relevant baseline situations are illustrated as follows:
Baseline Scenario for the solid organic wastes:

The following biomass wastes are proposed under the project activity:
Proposed Qty
Waste Type Baseline Scenario
(TPD)
Solid Waste disposal Site, open decay under stockpiling 15
MSW
Solid Waste disposal Site, open decay under stockpiling 60
Press mud
TPD = tons per day
Methodological Reference:
In the absence of project activities, biomass, and other organic matter (including manure when
appropriate) are left to decay inside the project boundary, and methane is released into the
atmosphere, according to paragraph 12 of the applied methodology AMS-III.AO. The baseline
emissions are the amount of methane emitted from the decay of the degradable organic carbon
in the press mud and MSW. Baseline emissions shall exclude emissions of methane that would
have to be captured.”
41
The scenario existing prior to the start of the implementation of the project activity is:
Press mud:
Organic waste, such as press mud is generated as a waste-product of sugarcane industries and
characterized as a soft, spongy, amorphous, and dark brown to brownish material. In general,
when 100 tons of sugarcane is crushed, about 3 tons of press mud are produced as a waste. It
is considered as rejected waste material of sugarcane industries that cause problem of storage
and pollution to surrounding of sugar mills on its accumulation 24. Some studies say that press
mud may be used as a bio fertilizer, but it has not been used because, despite the benefits of
bio fertilizer, chemical fertilizers are widely used in India 25. Also, if it is freshly applied to the soil
directly from the factory, it has the tendency to burn the plants as a result of the rapid
decomposition of the new sugarcane press mud which liberates heat and ammonia in high
concentrations and according to the baseline study, in the region of Tamil Nadu press mud waste
management involves either stockpiling or dumping in open areas leading to negative impacts
on climate. The press mud in open dumps, as a consequence of anaerobic digestion of the
organic fraction of waste decomposes over a period of time generating and releasing methane
into the atmosphere.
MSW waste:
Prior to the implementation of project activity, the MSW was being dumped at a nearby landfill
site. Landfilling is the major municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal method practiced in the region
according to the baseline study. Though it is considered as the most cost-effective means of
waste disposal, poor management practices like landfilling are the major causes of
environmental pollution. 26
Baseline Scenario for the Animal manure:

The following animal manures are proposed under the project activity:
Waste Type Baseline Scenario Proposed Qty

(TPD)
Animal manure is subjected to anaerobic decomposition 15
Cattle Dung without any methane recovery within the project boundary
Methodological Reference:
Para 17 of the applied methodology AMS-III.D (version 21), which states that “the baseline
scenario is the situation where, in the absence of the project activity, animal manure is left to
decay anaerobically within the project boundary and methane is emitted to the atmosphere”.
As per report of National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) on Sectoral
Paper on Animal Husbandry27, Methane (CH4) emission occurs mainly from this sector due to
24 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338965611_Utilization_of_sugar_industry_wastes_in_agriculture - page 5
25 https://www.cseindia.org/content/downloadreports/11235
26 https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-73645-7_167
27 https://www.nabard.org/auth/writereaddata/file/AH%20Final.pdf
42
livestock rearing (enteric fermentation and manure management). It is evident from the animal
husbandry practices in India that GHG emissions (both CO 2 during combustion and CH4 in
anaerobic condition of stockpiling (SWDS) and dumping (Animal Waste Management System)
occur at the stage of manure management.
In the pre-project scenario, the animal manure generated from the various livestock farms and
gaushalas is being dumped in the nearby low-lying areas in an unscientific manner. The waste
gets deposited in due course of time in layers and the bottommost layer is subject to heat and
pressure in the absence of air. Thus, conditions leading to anaerobic decomposition occur in
such cases without any methane recovery. The baseline scenario has also been clearly explained
by the Assistant Director of Animal Husbandry, Cuddalore district, Government of Tamil Nadu in
the Statement for Traditional Use of Cattle Dung 28. The proposed project activity involves
replacement of existing anaerobic system where these wastes would be treated scientifically in
a centralized plant in closed biodigesters in anaerobic conditions with a provision to recover
methane generated from the process. The Bio-CNG (purified methane) is then utilized in transport
applications.
Baseline Scenario for the utilization of Bio-CNG:

The following is the estimated quantity of Bio-CNG to be produced and supplied under the
project activity:
Supply Product Baseline Scenario Proposed Qty

(TPD)
Use of CNG in vehicles which is a fossil fuel 2.8
Bio-CNG
TPD = tons per day
Prior to the implementation of project activity fossil fuel has been used in the baseline and the
project activity manufactures Bio-CNG using biodegradable wastes and the Bio-CNG is replacing
fossil fuel and reducing CO 2 emissions. As per para 17 of methodology AMS-III.AQ.-Introduction
of Bio-CNG in transportation applications (version 2.0), baseline emissions are calculated based
on the amount of Bio-CNG produced and distributed, and it is applicable to project activities those
are: (a) Use of Bio-CNG in modified diesel vehicles; and/or (b) Use of Bio-CNG in modified gasoline
vehicles when such vehicles are not included in the boundary.
Therefore, the baseline scenario for the project is that in the absence of the project activity, the
MSW, press mud and animal manure are left to decay within the project boundary and methane
is emitted to the atmosphere; and CNG from fossil origin would be used in transportation
applications.
3.5 Additionality
As per Guidelines on the Demonstration of additionality of small-scale project activities18 (Ver. 13.1
EB 105 Annex 4), to establish the project additionality, it has to be shown that the project activity
would not have occurred anyway due to at least one of the following barriers:
a) Investment barrier: a financially more viable alternative to the project activity would have
led to higher emissions;
28 Letter from Assistant Director of Animal Husbandry, Cuddalore district, Government of Tamil Nadu, dated 29-05-2019
43
b) Technological barrier: a less technologically advanced alternative to the project activity

involves lower risks due to the performance uncertainty or low market share of the new
technology adopted for the project activity and so would have led to higher emissions;
c) Barrier due to prevailing practice: prevailing practice or existing regulatory or policy

requirements would have led to implementation of a technology with higher emissions;
d) Other barriers: without the project activity, for another specific reason identified by the
project participant, such as institutional barriers or limited information, managerial
resources, organizational capacity, financial resources, or capacity to absorb new
technologies, emissions would have been higher.
The project investor has selected Investment barrier to demonstrate in a conservative and
transparent manner that the proposed project activity is financially unattractive.
As per para 29 of “Tool for the demonstration and assessment of additionality” (version 07.0.0),
for financial analysis of the project, the following three options are available:
Option I: Simple Cost Analysis
Option II: Investment Comparison Analysis
Option III: Benchmark Analysis
The project will generate revenues from sale of Bio-CNG. Therefore Option I is not applicable. Option
II also does not apply since there is no comparable investment alternative available to the project
participant. In line with the para 32 of the Tool, the most appropriate financial analysis method is
therefore, option III: the benchmark analysis, where the returns on investment in the project activity
are compared to benchmark returns that are available to any investors in the country.
Project Participant has considered post-tax Equity IRR for investment analysis at the time of
decision-making and the decision-making date is 18-April-2019. Project Participant is only
interested in the returns the project is generating on the portion of investment costs, which is
financed by them in the form of equity.
As per Para 15 of EB112, Annex 02 states that Required/expected returns on equity are
appropriate benchmarks for an equity IRR. Therefore, the expected return on equity is considered
an appropriate benchmark.
Accordingly, the post-tax Equity IRR has been considered as the relevant financial indicator for
Investment Analysis.
Default Value Benchmark:

The Required return on equity (benchmark) was computed in the following manner:
Nominal Benchmark = {(1+Real Benchmark) *(1+Inflation rate)}-1
Where:
(a) Default value for Real Benchmark is the default value of expected return on equity in real
terms for Energy Industries and Waste handling and disposal (Group 1) in India as provided
in the Appendix.
(b) Inflation Rate forecast for India as per RBI website.
Benchmark estimation
44
Default Value as per Investment Analysis Tool version 1029:

Table under EB 105 annex 06 specifies default value of expected return on equity in real terms
for Energy Industries (Group 1) in India = 10.24 %
Inflation Forecast for India as per RBI website 30 and corresponding benchmark values:
Inflation
Project Owner Plant Location Forecast Benchmark
No. 39, East Street,

SLR Energy, Tamil Kuzhandai Kuppam,
4.00 % 14.65 %
Nadu Vanamadevi PO, Cuddalore,
Tamil Nadu – 607105, India
Details of the project Values Source

State where the project is situated Tamil Nadu As per DPR
Capacity of Waste (TPD) 90 As per DPR
Expected Date of Commissioning 31-July-21 As per DPR
Life of the plant (Yrs.) 20 As per DPR
Plant Operation Capacity
Capacity Utilization 1 Year (Kg) 50.00% As per DPR

Bio-CNG Production and Sale
Biogas CNG capacity (kg/day) 2,800.00 As per DPR

Selling Price of CNG (Rs./kg) 40.00 As per DPR
Organic Manure Production and Sale
Organic Manure (kg/day) 13,500.00 As per DPR

Selling Price of Organic Manure (Rs./kg) 4.00 As per DPR
Operation and maintenance cost and Insurance
O & M Expenses (INR Mn.) 24.00 As per DPR

Escalation (%) 5.00% As per DPR
O & M free for (Yr.) - As per DPR
Financial parameters
30 https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/FS_Overview.aspx?fn=2752
45
Salvage Value (%) 5.00% Management

Assumption
IT Depreciation (WDV Method)
IT Depreciation Rate (%) 40.00% As Per Income Tax,

Depreciation rates
for a Bio-CNG Plant
Income Tax
Financial Year FY 2019-20

Income tax rate (%) 25.00% Tax rates
MAT (%) 18.50% applicable to a
domestic company
GST (%) 18.00% As Per GST Rule
Surcharge (%) 12.00% Tax rates

Education cess (%) 4.00% applicable to a
domestic company
Final Tax rates
Income tax rate (%) 29.12% Calculated Value
MAT (%) 21.55% Calculated Value
GST (%) 18.00% Calculated Value
Based on above the equity IRR works out to:
Equity IRR Benchmark

9.51% 14.65%
Sensitivity Analysis
Guidance on investment analysis requires the project developer to subject critical assumptions to
reasonable variation to ascertain the robustness of the conclusion drawn, that is, the project is
additional. As required, a sensitivity analysis has been conducted to measure the impact of
changes in the chosen parameters. The rationale of sensitivity is, "The ultimate objective of the
sensitivity analysis is to determine the likelihood of the occurrence of a scenario other than the
scenario presented, in order to provide a cross-check on the suitability of the assumptions used in
the development of the investment analysis."
The results of the sensitivity analysis are given below:
Sensitivity Analysis:
Variation required to
Variation % -10% Normal 10%
reach benchmark
Bio-CNG Production 3.82% 8.16% 11.22% 23.75%
Organic Manure 6.35% 8.16% 9.76% 49.50%
Production
O&M 11.38% 8.16% 3.89% -32.50%
46
Project Cost 9.95% 8.16% 6.61% -29.90%

Selling Price of Bio-CNG 3.82% 8.16% 11.22% 23.75%
Selling Price of Organic 6.35% 8.16% 9.76% 49.50%
Manure
The above details show that the Bio-methanation plant is not financially attractive; hence the
project activity is additional.
3.6 Methodology Deviations

There are no methodology deviations.
4 IMPLEMENTATION STATUS
4.1 Implementation Status of the Project Activity
The Bio-CNG plant had been successfully commissioned at No. 39, East Street, Kuzhandai
Kuppam, Vanamadevi PO, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu – 607105, India. The commissioning date was
28-July-2021.
The plant has been in operation continuously since commissioning, and there has been no major
breakdown/shutdown of the project from the commissioning date. Events or situations that may
impact the methodology's applicability have not occurred during the monitoring period.
5 ESTIMATED GHG EMISSION

REDUCTIONS AND REMOVALS
5.1 Baseline Emissions
Baseline 1: Baseline Emissions under the methodology AMS-III.AO
Baseline scenarios are referred under section 3.4 above. This section provides the applicable
equations, parameters and sub-parameters, etc., for quantification of the baseline emissions
under the identified baseline scenarios. The details are as follows:
Baseline Emissions under the methodology AMS-III.AO, version 01.0 The equation applied for
baseline emissions estimation is
47
Where:
BESWDS,y = Yearly methane generation potential of the solid waste anaerobically digested by
the project activity during the year x from the beginning of the project activity (x=1)
up to the year y estimated as per the latest version of the “Tool to determine
methane emissions avoided from disposal of waste at a solid waste disposal site”
(tCO2e)
BEmanure,y = Baseline emissions from the manure co-digested by the project activities, calculated
as per the relevant procedures of AMS-III.D
BEww,y = Baseline emissions from the wastewater co-digested, calculated as per the
procedures of AMS-III.H
MDreg,y = Amount of methane that would have to be captured and combusted in the year y
to comply with the prevailing regulations (tonne)
GWP CH4 = GWP for CH4
Step 1: BESWDS,y
Therefore, as per para 17 of applicable tool 04, Emissions from solid waste disposal sites (version
08.1) for BESWDS,y following primary equation has been applied:
BESWDS,y = BECH4,SWDS,y
Where:
BECH4,SWDS,y = Baseline, project or leakage methane emissions occurring in year y
generated from waste disposal at a SWDS during a time period ending in
year y (t CO2e/yr).
DOCf,y = Fraction of degradable organic carbon (DOC) that decomposes under the
specific conditions occurring in the SWDS for year y (weight fraction).
Wj,x = Amount of solid waste type j disposed or prevented from disposal in the
SWDS in the year x (t)
𝜑𝑦 = Model correction factor to account for model uncertainties for year y
fy = Fraction of methane captured at the SWDS and flared, combusted or used
in another manner that prevents the emissions of methane to the
atmosphere in year y
GWP CH4 = Global Warming Potential of methane
OX = Oxidation factor (reflecting the amount of methane from SWDS that is
oxidized in the soil or other material covering the waste)
F = Fraction of methane in the SWDS gas (volume fraction)
MCFy = Methane correction factor for year y
DOCj = Fraction of degradable organic carbon in the waste type j (weight fraction)
k = Decay rate for the waste type j (1 / yr)
48
j = Type of residual waste or types of waste in the MSW
Step 2: BEww,y
The project activity does not involve any wastewater treatment. Hence, there is no methane
avoidance emission reduction due to wastewater treatment system and thus considered as zero.
BEww,y = 0
Step 3: BEmanure,y
BEmanure,y is separately calculated as per the provision of methodology AMS-III.D.
According to the paragraph 18 of AMS-III.D (Version 21.0), The calculation of Methane emissions
from animal manure are as:
Where:
BEy /BEmanure,y = Baseline emissions in year y (t CO 2e)
GWP CH4 = Global Warming Potential (GWP) of CH4 applicable to the crediting period
(t CO2e/t CH4)
DCH4 = CH4 density
LT = Index for all types of livestock
j = Index for animal manure management system
MCFj = Annual methane conversion factor (MCF) for the baseline animal manure
management system j
B0,LT = Maximum methane producing potential of the volatile solid generated for
animal type LT (m 3 CH4/kg-dm)
VSLT,y = Volatile solids production/excretion per animal of livestock LT in year y (on
a dry matter weight basis, kg-dm/animal/year)
MS%Bl,j = Fraction of manure handled in baseline animal manure management
system j
UFb = Model correction factor to account for model uncertainties.
Step 4: MDreg,y
Amount of methane that would have to be captured and combusted in the year y to comply with
the prevailing regulations but there are no such regulations so,
MDreg,y= 0
Baseline 2: Baseline Emissions under the methodology AMS-III.AQ
49
As per Para 17 of the applied methodology AMS-III.AQ (version 02), “baseline emissions are
calculated by using one of the two available approaches. Approach 1 baseline emissions are
calculated based on the amount of Bio-CNG produced and distributed, and it is applicable to
project activities those are:
(a) Use of Bio-CNG in modified diesel vehicles; and/or
(b) Use of Bio-CNG in modified gasoline vehicles when such vehicles are not included in the
boundary.
The baseline emissions are calculated considering the option (a) above. The footnote reference
#2 of the methodology has been referred. Therefore, the following equation has been applied for
baseline emissions calculation (as per para 19 of the methodology):
It is conservatively assumed that all Bio-CNG produced will displace CNG from fossil origin and
the baseline emissions are calculated as follows:
Where:
BEy = Total baseline emission in year y (t CO 2e)
FSBio-CNG,y = Amount of Bio-CNG distributed/sold directly to retailers, filling stations by the
project activity in year y (tonnes)
NCVBio-CNG = CO2 emission factor of bio CNG (tCO 2e/GJ), determined using reliable local or
national data. IPCC default values (lower value of 95 per cent confidence interval
(CI)) shall be used only when country or project specific data are not available or
demonstrably difficult to obtain. Values shall be updated if national values or
IPCC values changes
EFCO2,CNG = Net calorific value of Bio-CNG (GJ/tonne). If it is demonstrated that the methane
content of the Bio-CNG is minimum 96 per cent by volume then NCV of CNG shall
be used. For NCV of CNG, reliable local or national data shall the used. IPCC
default values shall be used only when country or project specific data are not
available or demonstrably difficult to obtain. Values shall be updated if national
values or IPCC values change
The total baseline emissions by the project activity:

BEy = Baseline 1 + Baseline 2
5.2 Project Emissions

The project emissions Methodology AMS-III.AO (Version 01.0):
50
As per para 13 equation 2 of the Methodology AMS-III.AO.
Where:
PEy = Project activity emissions in the year y (tCO 2e)
PEtransp,y = Emissions from incremental transportation in the year y (tCO 2e)
PEpower,y = Emissions from electricity or fossil fuel consumption in the year y (tCO 2e)
PEres waste,y = In case residual wastes are subjected to anaerobic storage, or disposed in a
landfill: methane emissions from storage/disposal/treatment of waste (tCO 2e)
PEphy leakage,y = Methane emissions from physical leakages of the anaerobic digester in year y
(tCO2e)
PEflaring,y = Methane emissions due to incomplete flaring in year y as per the “Tool to
determine project emissions from flaring gases containing methane. (tCO2e)
Step 1: Emissions from incremental transportation

The project emissions from incremental transportation by the project activity facilities as follows:
Where:
Qy = Quantity of raw waste/manure treated and/or wastewater co-digested in the

year y (tonnes)
CTy = Average truck capacity for transportation (tonnes/truck)
DAFw = Average incremental distance for raw solid waste/manure and/or wastewater
transportation (km/truck)
EFCO2,transport = CO2 emission factor from fuel use due to transportation (kgCO 2/km, IPCC
default values or local values may be used)
Qreswaste, y = Quantity of residual waste produced in year y (tonnes)
CTreswaste, y = Average truck capacity for residual waste transportation (tonnes/truck)
DAFreswaste = Average distance for residual waste transportation (km/truck)
Step 2: Emissions from electricity and/or fossil fuel consumption by the project activity facilities:
For the calculation of project emissions from electricity and/or fossil fuel consumption by the
project activity facilities (PEpower,y ), Tool to calculate the emission factor of an electricity system
51
and Tool to calculate project or leakage CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion shall be
followed:
PEPower,y = PEEC,j,y + PEFCi,j,y
As per TOOL05 Baseline, project and/or leakage emissions from electricity consumption and
monitoring of electricity generation (version 03.0) para 16, In the generic approach, project
emissions from consumption of electricity are calculated based on the quantity of electricity
consumed, an emission factor for electricity generation and a factor to account for transmission
losses, as follows:
PEEC,y = Project emissions from electricity consumption in year y (t CO 2/yr)

ECPl,j,y = Quantity of electricity consumed by the project electricity consumption
source j in year y (MWh/yr)
EFEF,j,y = Emission factor for electricity generation for source j in year y (t
CO2/MWh)
TDLj,y = Average technical transmission and distribution losses for providing
electricity to source j in year y
And as per TOOL03, Tool to calculate project or leakage CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel
combustion (version 03.0) para 6, CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion in process j are
calculated based on the quantity of fuels combusted and the CO 2 emission coefficient of those
fuels, as follows:
Where:
PEFC,j,y = Are the CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion in process j during the year
y (tCO2/yr)
FCi,j,y = Is the quantity of fuel type i combusted in process j during the year y (mass or
volume unit/yr)
COEFi,y = Is the CO2 emission coefficient of fuel type i in year y (tCO 2/mass or volume
unit)
As per para 7 of TOOL03, the CO 2 emission coefficient COEFi,y can be calculated using one of the
following two Options, depending on the availability of data on the fossil fuel type, as follows:
Option A: The CO 2 emission coefficient COEFi,y is calculated based on the chemical composition
of the fossil fuel type.
Option B: The CO 2 emission coefficient COEFi,y is calculated based on net calorific value and CO 2
emission factor of the fuel type.
Option B has been considered therefore,
52
Where:
COEFi,y = Is the CO 2 emission coefficient of fuel type i in year y (tCO 2/mass or volume unit)
NCVi,y = Is the weighted average net calorific value of the fuel type i in year y (GJ/mass or
volume unit)
EFCO2,i,y = Is the weighted average CO 2 emission factor of fuel type i in year y (tCO 2/GJ)
Step 3: In case residual wastes are subjected to anaerobic storage, or disposed in a landfill:
methane emissions from storage/disposal/treatment of waste
The residual wastes from the biomethanation plant are neither handed anaerobically nor stored.
Therefore, this is zero.
PEres_waste,y = 0
Step 4: Methane emissions from physical leakages of the anaerobic digester
As per TOOL14, Project and leakage emissions from anaerobic digester (Version 02.0) para 23,
Where:
PECH4,y = Project emissions of methane from the anaerobic digester in year y (t CO 2e)
QCH4,y = Quantity of methane produced in the anaerobic digester in year y (t CH 4)
EFCH4,default = Default emission factor for the fraction of CH 4 produced that leaks from the
anaerobic digester (fraction)
GWP CH4 = Global warming potential of CH 4 (t CO2 / t CH4)
Step 5: Methane emissions due to flaring

As per TOOL06, Project emissions from flaring (version 04.0) para 39,
Where:
PEflare,y = Project emissions from flaring of the residual gas in year y (tCO 2e)
GWP CH4 = Global warming potential of methane valid for the commitment period (tCO 2e/tCH4)
FCH4,RG,m = Mass flow of methane in the residual gas in the minute m (kg)
𝜂𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑒,𝑚 = Flare efficiency in the minute m.
53
PROJECT EMISSIONS AS PER AMS-III.D (Version 21.0): -

As per para 20 of methodology AMS-III.D (Version 21.0)
Where:
PEy = Project emissions in year y (t CO 2e)
PEPL,y = Emissions due to physical leakage of biogas in year y (t CO 2e)
PEflare,y = Emissions from flaring or combustion of the biogas stream in the year y (t
CO2e)
PEpower,y = Emissions from the use of fossil fuel or electricity for the operation of the
installed facilities in the year y (t CO 2e)
PEtransp,y = Emissions from incremental transportation in the year y (t CO 2e)
PEstorage,y = Emissions from the storage of manure (t CO 2e)
Step 1: Emissions due to physical leakage of biogas:

The project emissions due to physical leakage of biogas have already been considered in step 4
of the project emissions as per AMS-III.AO.
Step 2: Emissions from flaring or combustion of the biogas stream:
The project emissions from flaring or combustion of the biogas stream have already been
considered in step 5 of the project emissions as per AMS-III.AO.
Step 3: Emissions from the use of fossil fuel or electricity for the operation of the installed
facilities:
The project emissions from the use of fossil fuel or electricity for the operation of the installed
facilities have already been considered in step 5 project emissions from electricity and/or fossil
fuel consumption by the project activity facilities of the project emissions as per AMS-III.AO.
Step 4: Emissions from incremental transportation in the year y (t CO 2e):
The project emissions from incremental transportation have already been considered in step 5
Step 5: Emissions from the storage of manure:
PEstorage,y = 0 (if AIl=<24hours),
𝑃𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝐺𝑊𝑃𝐶𝐻4 × 𝐷𝐶𝐻4

𝐴𝐼
365
×∑[ × ∑(𝑁𝐿𝑇 × 𝑉𝑆𝐿𝑇,𝑑 × 𝑀𝑆%𝑙 × (1 − 𝑒 −𝑘(𝐴𝐼𝑙−𝑑) ) × 𝑀𝐶𝐹𝑖 × 𝐵0,𝐿𝑇 )]
𝐴𝐼𝑙
𝐿𝑇,𝑙 𝑑=1
54
Where:
PEstorage = Project emissions on account of manure storage in year y (t CO 2e)
AIl = Annual average interval between manure collection and delivery for treatment
at a given storage device l (days)
VSLT,d = Amount of volatile solid production by type of animal LT in a day (kg VS/head/d)
MS%l = Fraction of volatile solids (%) handled by storage device l
k = Degradation rate constant (0.069)
d = Days for which cumulative methane emissions are calculated; d can vary from
1 to 45 and to be run from 1 up to Ail
MCFl = Annual methane conversion factor for the project manure storage device l from
Table 10.17, Chapter 10, Volume 4
PROJECT EMISSIONS AS PER AMS-III.AQ
Where:
PEy = Project emissions in year y (t CO2e)

PEelec,y = Project emissions due to electricity consumption in year y (t CO2e)
PEfuel,y = Project emissions due to fossil fuels consumption in year y (t CO2e)
Project emissions from transportation of the biomass from the
places of their origin to the biogas production site and where
PEtransport,y =
applicable, transportation of Bio-CNG from biogas plant to filling
stations where it is used by final consumers in year y (t CO2e)
Project emissions from biomass cultivation in a dedicated
PEcultivation,y =
plantation in year y (t CO2e)
Project emissions due to the physical leakage of methane from the
systems affected by the project activity for production, processing,
PECH4,y =
purification, compression; storage and filling of the Bio-CNG in
year y (t CO2e)
Step 1: Project emissions due to electricity consumption

The project emissions due to electricity consumption have already been considered in step 2
project emissions from electricity and/or fossil fuel consumption by the project activity facilities
Step 2: Project emissions due to fossil fuels consumption
The project emissions due to fossil fuels consumption have already been considered in step 2
project emissions from electricity and/or fossil fuel consumption by the project activity facilities
Step 3: Project emissions from transportation of the biomass from the places of their origin to
the biogas production site and where applicable, transportation of Bio-CNG from biogas plant to
filling stations where it is used by final consumers
55
There is no biomass used in project activity and PE trasport,y have already been considered in step
1 of project emissions as per AMS-III.AO.
PEtransport = 0
Step 4: Project emissions from biomass cultivation in a dedicated plantation
There is no biomass cultivation involved in the project activity therefore it has been considered
zero.
PEcultivation = 0
Step 5: Project emissions due to the physical leakage of methane from the systems affected by
the project activity for production, processing, purification, compression, storage and filling of the
Bio-CNG
As per para 31 of methodology AMS-IIII.AQ (version 02.0), Project emissions associated with the
physical leakage of methane from the systems affected by the project activity are calculated as
follows:
𝑃𝐸𝐶𝐻4,𝑦 = 𝑃𝐸𝐴𝐷,𝑦 + 𝑃𝐸𝐵𝑖𝑜−𝐶𝑁𝐺,𝑦
Where:
PEAD,y = CH4 leakage emissions from the anaerobic digesters in year y (t CO2e)
PEBio-CNG,y = Project emissions of CH4 from biogas and Bio-CNG processing, upgrading,
purification, compression, storage and transportation (leaks and dissolved
in wastewater) in year y (t CO2e)
As per TOOL14, Project and leakage emissions from anaerobic digesters (Version 02.0), para 13,
the project emissions associated with the anaerobic digester (PE AD,y) are determined as follows:
Where:
PEAD,y = Project emissions associated with anaerobic digester in year y (t CO 2e)
PEEC,y = Project emissions from electricity consumption associated with anaerobic

digester in year y (t CO2e/yr)
PEFC,y = Project emissions from fossil fuel anaerobic digester associated with
composting in year y (t CO2e/yr)
PECH4,y = Project emissions of methane from the anaerobic digester process in year y
(tCO2e/yr)
PEflare,y = Project emissions from flaring of biogas in year (tCO2e/yr)
According to Paragraph 33 of AMS-III.AQ (Version 02), PEBio-CNG,y shall be determined as per the
relevant procedures in Annex I of AMS-III.H .Methane recovery in wastewater treatment.
PEBio-CNG,y = PEpower,upgrade,y + PEWW,upgrade,y + PECH4,equip,y + PEventgas,y
56
PEBio-CNG,y = Project emissions related to the upgrading and compression of the biogas
in year y (t CO 2e)
PEpower,upgrade,y = CO 2 emissions from electricity and fuel used by the upgrading facilities
(t CO 2e), as per paragraph 39 of AMS-III.H. These emissions have already been
accounted for in step 2 of AMS-III.AO project emissions calculations.
PEWW,upgrade,y = Emissions from methane contained in any waste water discharge of upgrading
installation in year y (tCO 2e), PEww,upgrade,y = Qww,upgrade,y x [CH4]ww,upgrade,y x
GWP CH4, the wastewater discharged of upgrading installation in the project
activity is transferred to anaerobic reactors, Q ww,upgrade,y =0, so PEww,upgrade,y =0.
PECH4,equip,y = Emissions from compressor leaks in year y (tCO 2e)
PEventgas,y = Emissions from venting gases retained in upgrading equipment in year y
(tCO2e), according to paragraph 9, this component is zero if the biogas is
channeled to storage bags. Therefore, the emissions can be simplified as:
PEBio-CNG,y = PECH4,equip,y
1
𝑃𝐸𝐶𝐻4,𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝,𝑦 = 𝐺𝑊𝑃𝐶𝐻4 × × ∑ 𝜔𝐶𝐻4,𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚,𝑦 × 𝐸𝐹𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 × 𝑇𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡,𝑦
1000
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
Where,
ωCH4,stream,y = Average methane weight fraction of the gas (kg-CH4/kg) in year y, according to
the FSR, the methane content by volume is 90% after upgrading. Therefore,
average methane weight fraction of the gas is calculated as 0.766 kg- CH4/kg.
Tequipment,y = Operation time of the equipment in hours in year y (in absence of detailed
information, it can be assumed that the equipment is used continuously, as a
conservative approach), conservative approach is chosen to calculate the
operation time of the equipment in hours in year y, that is 330*24=7920.
EFequipment,y = Leakage rate for fugitive emissions from the compression technology as per
specification from the compressor manufacturer in kg/hour/compressor. If no
default value from the technology provider is available, the approach
published by EPA shall be used. The approach published by EPA is used, the
value is calculated to be 0.00192, and the detail is shown in the ER
calculation spreadsheet.
Step 5(a) Project emissions from electricity consumption associated with the anaerobic digester
As per section 6.1.2.1 TOOL14, Option 1: Procedure using monitored data, and para 20 of
TOOL14, PEFC,y has been calculated using the “Tool to calculate baseline, project and/or leakage
emissions from electricity consumption”, where the project emissions source j referred to in the
tool is the total electricity consumption associated with the anaerobic digestion facility and the
project emissions from electricity consumption associated with the anaerobic digester have
already been considered in step 2 project emissions from electricity and/or fossil fuel
consumption by the project activity facilities of the project emissions as per AMS-III.AO.
Step 5(b) Project emissions from fossil fuel consumption associated with the anaerobic digester
57
As per para 22 of TOOL14, Where the anaerobic digester facility uses fossil fuels, project
participants shall calculate PE EC,y using the “Tool to calculate project or leakage CO 2 emissions
from fossil fuel combustion”. The project emissions source j referred to in the tool is fossil fuel
consumption associated with the anaerobic digestion facility and the project emissions from
fossil fuel consumption associated with the anaerobic digester have already been considered in
step 2 project emissions from electricity and/or fossil fuel consumption by the project activity
facilities of the project emissions as per AMS-III.AO.
Step 5(c) Project emissions of methane from the anaerobic digester
As per para 23 of TOOL 14, Project emissions of methane from the anaerobic digester include
emissions during maintenance of the digester, physical leaks through the roof and side walls,
and release through safety valves due to excess pressure in the digester. These emissions are
calculated using a default emission factor (EF CH4,default), as follows.
Where:
PECH4,y = Project emissions of methane from the anaerobic digester in year y (t CO2e)
QCH4,y = Quantity of methane produced in the anaerobic digester in year y (t CH 4)
EFCH4,default = Default emission factor for the fraction of CH 4 produced that leaks from the
anaerobic digester (fraction)
GWP CH4 = Global warming potential of CH 4 (t CO2 / t CH4)
Step 5(d) Emissions from flaring or combustion of the biogas stream
considered in step 5 project emissions from Methane emissions due to incomplete flaring by the
project activity facilities of the project emissions as per AMS-III.AO.
Step 5(e) Methane emissions from physical leakage due to the biogas treatment system
The project emissions from Methane emissions from physical leakage due to the biogas
treatment system have already been considered in step 4 project emissions of the project
emissions as per AMS-III.AO.
Total Project Emissions :
PE, y = PE AMS-III.AO + PE AMS-III.D + PE AMS-III.AQ
5.3 Leakage
LEAKAGE EMISSIONS AS PER AMS-III.AO
As per para 18 of methodology AMS-III.AO (Version 01.0), if the project technology is the equipment
transferred from another activity or if the existing equipment is transferred to another activity,
leakage effects are to be considered so leakage is zero.
LEAMS-III.AO = 0
LEAKAGE EMISSIONS AS PER AMS-III.D
As per para 26 of methodology AMS-III.D (Version 21.0), it is determined by following the relevant
procedure in the methodological tool “Project and leakage emissions from anaerobic digesters”
58
and As per TOOL14 footnote 1, if the storage of digestate or the composting of digestate is
occurring within the project boundary, these emissions will be considered as project emissions.
Therefore, LE is considered as zero.
LEAMS-III.D = 0
PROJECT EMISSIONS AS PER AMS-III.AQ

As per para 35 of methodology AMS-III.AQ (Version 02.0), Leakage emissions LEBIOMASS,y due to
competing use of biomass shall be accounted for as per the approved “General guidance on
leakage in biomass project but there is no biomass used in the project activity. So,
LEBiomass,y = 0
As per para 36 of methodology AMS-III.AQ (Version 02.0), the substitution of Bio-CNG for CNG from
fossil origin reduces indirect (“upstream”) emissions associated with the production of fossil CNG
and is treated as negative leakage LEPROCESS,y,CNG that can be calculated as per the latest approved
version of the tool “Upstream leakage emissions associated with fossil fuel use”.
Where:
LEPROCESS, FF = Leakage related to the avoided production of fossil fuel (t CO 2/yr)
As per TOOL15, Upstream leakage emissions associated with fossil fuel use (version 02.0), para
21, Leakage upstream emissions are calculated as follows:
Where:
LEUS,y = Leakage upstream emissions in year y (t CO 2e/yr)
FCPJ,x,y = Quantity of fossil fuel type x used in the project situation in year y (TJ/yr)
FCBL,x,y = Quantity of fossil fuel type x used in the baseline situation in year y (TJ/yr)
EFUS,x,Default = Default emission factor for upstream emissions associated with consumption
of fossil fuel type x (t CO 2e/TJ)
x = Fossil fuel types used in the project and/or baseline situation and for which
upstream emissions should be determined
As per Para 9(c) of TOOL15, Whether there is a possibility that leakage upstream emissions values
are less than 0, such as for project activities in which a fossil fuel in the baseline situation is
displaced with a renewable fuel in the project situation. Otherwise, if negative values are calculated
using this tool, then they are assumed to equal 0. In any case, net leakage should always be
considered as zero when net leakage effects are negative and as per para 22 of TOOL15, If LEUS,y
is calculated as a value of less than 0, then a value of 0 shall be used instead, unless the
methodology referencing this tool specifies that negative values for LEUS,y are permitted.
Thus, leakage effects are not considered as per the applied methodology, AMS-III.AO, AMS-III.AQ
and AMS-III.D.
Therefore,
59
LEy = 0
5.4 Estimated Net GHG Emission Reductions and Removals

The net emission reduction is calculated as
ERy = BEy – PEy - LEy
Year Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated net

baseline project leakage GHG emission
emissions or emissions or emissions reductions or
removals removals (tCO 2e) removals
(tCO 2e) (tCO 2e) (tCO 2e)
Year 1 30,827 3,980 0 26,847
Year 2 42,489 3,980 0 38,509
Year 3 50,307 3,980 0 46,327
Year 4 55,547 3,980 0 51,567
Year 5 59,060 3,980 0 55,080
Year 6 61,415 3,980 0 57,435
Year 7 62,993 3,980 0 59,013
Total 3,62,638 27,860 0 3,34,778
No. of years 7
Average 51,805 3,980 0 47,825
6 MONITORING
6.1 Data and Parameters Available at Validation
60
Data / Parameter
Data unit -
Default value for the model correction factor to account for model
Description
uncertainties
Source of data Default values, CDM Methodological tool 04, V 8.0 54
Value applied: 0.85

According to Koppen’s classification of climate this region comes under
Justification of
humid subtropical climate. So, default value is considered based on the
choice of data or application B of the tool and the Humid/wet climatic condition of the
description of project site.
measurement
methods and
procedures applied
Purpose of Data For the calculation of the Baseline Emission.
Comments This parameter is fixed ex-ante for the entire crediting period.
Data / Parameter OX
Data unit -
Oxidation factor (reflecting the amount of methane from SWDS that is
Description
oxidized in the soil or other material covering the waste).
Based on an extensive review of published literature on this subject,
Source of data
including the IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
Value applied: 0.1
Managed solid waste disposal sites which are covered with oxidizing
Justification of
material like soil or compost. The IPCC 2006 default value (cited above)
choice of data or has been used.
description of
measurement
methods and
procedures applied
Purpose of Data For the calculation of the Baseline Emission.

When methane passes through the top-layer, part of it is oxidized by
Comments
methanotrophic bacteria to produce CO 2. The oxidation factor
represents the proportion of methane that is oxidized to CO 2 This should
be distinguished from the methane correction factor (MCF) which is to
61
account for the situation that ambient air might intrude into the SWDS
and to prevent methane from being formed in the upper layer of SWDS.
This parameter is fixed ex-ante for the entire crediting period.
Data / Parameter F
Data unit -
Description Fraction of methane in the SWDS gas (volume fraction)
Source of data IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Value applied: 0.5

The factor reflects the fact that some degradable organic carbon does
Justification of
not degrade or degrades very slowly under anaerobic conditions in the
choice of data or solid waste disposal site. The IPCC 2006 default value (cited above) has
description of been used.
measurement
methods and
procedures applied
Purpose of Data For the calculation of the Baseline Emission

Upon biodegradation, organic material is converted to a mixture of
Comments
methane and carbon dioxide.
This parameter is fixed ex-ante for the entire crediting period.
Data / Parameter DOCf,y
Data unit %
Description Fraction of degradable organic carbon (DOC) that can decompose
Source of data Methodological tool
Value applied 0.5
Justification of Methodological Tool-"Emissions from Solid waste disposal sites", Default

choice of data or value considered conservatively.
description of
measurement
methods and
procedures applied
62
Purpose of Data Calculation of baseline emissions.
Data / Parameter MCFdefault
Data unit Unit less
Description Methane correction factor
Source of data IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Value applied: 1.0 (for anaerobic managed solid waste disposal sites)
The project activity has controlled placement of waste with compaction

Justification of
and levelling being done and are managed by the respective Municipal
choice of data or
Corporations. Hence, a value of 1 is chosen.
description of
measurement
methods and
procedures applied
Data / Parameter Kj
Data unit 1/yr
Description Decay rate for the waste type press mud and MSW
IPCC 2006 Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Source of data
(adapted from Volume 5, Table 3.3)
Value applied: Apply the following default values for the different waste types
Waste type Tropical (MAT>20°C)
Wet (MAP >1,000mm)
Rapidly Degrading Press mud, MSW 0.40
63
Site is located in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu state with wet

Justification of
MAT>20°C32. The MAP is greater than 1000 (weather online) and the
choice of data or
wastes are press mud and MSW.
description of
measurement
methods and
procedures applied
Data / Parameter GWP CH4
Data unit t CO2e/t CH4
Description Global Warming Potential of methane
Source of data IPCC
Value applied: 28 (IPCC default value post jan'21)
Global warming potential of methane valid for the relevant

Justification of
commitment period.
choice of data or
description of
measurement
methods and
procedures applied
Purpose of Data For the calculation of the Baseline and Project Emissions.
Data / Parameter EFEF,j,y
Data unit tCO2/MWh
32 https://en.climate-data.org/asia/india/tamil-nadu/cuddalore-24057/
64
Weighted average emission factor, CO 2 Baseline Database for the

Description
Indian Power Sector, Version 18.0
Source of data Calculated from CEA database, Version 18, December 2022
Value applied: 0.9102
The data are obtained from “CO 2 Baseline Database for Indian Power
Justification of
Sector” version 15, published by the Central Electricity Authority,
choice of data or
Ministry of Power, Government of India.
description of
measurement
methods and
procedures applied
Purpose of Data For the calculation of the Project Emission
Data / Parameter EFFC,default
Data unit t CO2 /t
Default emission factor for fossil fuel consumed by the bio-methanation

Description
activity per tonne of waste composted (wet basis)
Source of data Data taken from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines
As per CDM Methodological tool 13, version 02.0: Based on a review of

Justification of
fossil fuel consumption per tonne of waste composed in relevant
choice of data or
validation reports of CDM projects and using a conservative default
description of
emission factor for diesel.
measurement
methods and
procedures applied
Comments -
Data / Parameter EFCH4,default
65
Data unit tCH4 leaked/ tCH4 produced
Description Default emission factor for the fraction of CH4 produced that leaks from
the anaerobic digester
Source of data CDM Tool 14, version 02.0
Justification of As per tool 14 Digesters with steel or lined concrete or fiberglass

choice of data or digesters and a gas holding system (egg shaped digesters) and
description of monolithic construction.
measurement
methods and
procedures applied
Comments -
Data / Parameter DCH4 or ρCH4
Data unit t CH4 / m3CH4
Description Density of methane at normal conditions
Source of data CDM Tool 14, version 02.0
Data considered from the tool ‘Thermophysical properties of fluids. II.

Justification of
Methane, Ethane, Propane, Isobutane and Normal Butane’ by B.A.
choice of data or
Younglove, J.F. Ely.
description of
https://www.nist.gov/sites/default/files/documents/srd/jpcrd331.pd
measurement
f
methods and
procedures applied
Purpose of Data For the calculation of the baseline and project emissions.
Comments -
66
Data / Parameter NCVDiesel,y
Data unit TJ/Gg
Description Net calorific value of diesel
Page No. 18 of 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas

Source of data
Inventories
Value applied: 43
Justification of IPCC default value has been considered for the calculations.
choice of data or
description of
measurement
methods and
procedures applied
Purpose of Data For the calculation of the project emissions
Comments -
Data / Parameter EFCO2,diesel,y
Data unit t CO2/TJ
Description Weighted average carbon dioxide emission factor of diesel
India’s Initial National Communication to UNFCCC IPCC 2006 default

Source of data
values
http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/EFDB/find_ef.php

Justification of
value has been considered for the calculations.
choice of data or
description of
measurement
methods and
procedures applied
67
Comments -
Data / Parameter EFCO2,transport
Data unit Kg CO2/km
Description CO2 emission factor from fuel use due to transportation

Source of data
values
http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/EFDB/find_ef.php

Justification of
value has been considered for the calculations.
choice of data or
description of
measurement
methods and
procedures applied
Comments -
Data / Parameter UFb
Data unit NA
Description Model correction factor to account for model uncertainties
IPCC default value,Volume4, Chapter10, Table 10. A-4

Source of data
Value applied: 0.94
choice of data or
description of
measurement
68
methods and
procedures applied
Comments -
Data / Parameter Bo,LT
Data unit m3 CH4/kg dm
Description Maximum methane production potential of the volatile solid generated

for the animal type (Cow)
IPCC default value, Volume4, Chapter10, Table 10. A-4

Source of data
Value applied: 0.13
choice of data or
description of
measurement
methods and
procedures applied
Comments -
Data / Parameter MCFcow
Data unit Unit less
Description Methane conversion factor for the baseline animal waste management
system
Source of data IPCC default value, Volume 4, Chapter 10, Table 10. A-4
Value applied: 0.78
69
The values has been selected form IPCC default value, Volume4,
Justification of
Chapter10, Table 10. A-4 for cow.
choice of data or
description of
measurement
methods and
procedures applied
Purpose of Data For the calculation of the baseline emissions
Data / Parameter NCVBio-CNG
GJ/t
Data unit
Description Net calorific value of Bio-CNG
IPCC default value

Source of data
Value applied: 46.5
Justification of IPCC default value has been considered for the calculations of baseline
choice of data or emission for methodology AMS-III AQ
description of
measurement
methods and
procedures applied
Data / Parameter EFCO2,CNG
Data unit tCO2e/GJ
Description CO2 emission factor of CNG
Source of data IPCC default value
70
Justification of IPCC default value has been considered for the calculations of baseline
choice of data or emission for methodology AMS-III AQ
description of
measurement
methods and
procedures applied
FLbiogas,digest
Data / Parameter
Data unit m³ biogas leaked/m³ biogas produced
Description Default factor for biogas leaked/m³ biogas produced
Source of data Default value from methodology AMS-III.AO (version 1.0)
Value applied: 0.05
Justification of Default value from methodology AMS-III.AO (version 1.0) has been
choice of data or considered for the calculations of project emissions for methodology
description of AMS-III AQ
measurement
methods and
procedures applied
EFUS,x,default
Data / Parameter
Data unit t CO2e/TJ
Description Emission factor for upstream emissions associated with consumption of

fossil fuel
71
Source of data Default value from methodology AMS-III.AO (version 1.0)
Value applied: 10
Justification of Default value from Table 3 Tool 15 Upstream leakage emissions

choice of data or associated with fossil fuel use (version 02.0)
description of
measurement
methods and
procedures applied
Purpose of Data For the calculation of the leakage emissions
6.2 Data and Parameters Monitored
Data / Parameter Qy
Data unit Tons
Description Quantity of raw waste/manure treated and/or wastewater co-digested

in the year y
Source of data Plant records, weighbridge

Quantity of waste composted is measured using electronic
Description of
weighbridge regularly and records are kept on paper and electronically.
measurement
methods and
procedures applied
Frequency of Continuous with annual aggregation

monitoring/recordin
g
Value applied: Press mud – 20,710 tons

MSW – 0 tons
Animal manure – 6,060 tons
Monitoring Weighbridge
equipment
72
Regular weighing of waste by project proponent will be carried out in a

QA/QC procedures
weighbridge according to Monitoring plan. The weigh bridge would be
applied calibrated annually34.
Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions

On-site data sheets recorded monthly using weigh bridge. Weighbridge
Calculation method
will be subject to periodic calibration (in accordance with stipulation of
the weighbridge supplier)
The data would be archived electronically and maintained for the
Comments
entire crediting period plus two years.
Data / Parameter Qres⋅waste,y
Data unit Tons
Description Quantity of residual waste produced in year y
Source of data Plant records, weighbridge

Quantity of waste composted is measured using electronic
Description of
weighbridge regularly and records are kept on paper and electronically.
measurement
methods and
procedures applied
Frequency of Continuous with annual aggregation

monitoring/recordin
g
Value applied: 11,087 tons
equipment
Regular weighing of waste by project proponent will be carried out in a
QA/QC procedures
weighbridge according to Monitoring plan. The weigh bridge would be
applied calibrated annually35.

On-site data sheets recorded monthly using weigh bridge. Weighbridge
Calculation method
will be subject to periodic calibration (in accordance with stipulation of
the weighbridge supplier).
Comments
34 Meters Details have been provided in Appendix 1

35 Meters Details have been provided in Appendix 1
73
Data / Parameter DAFw
Data unit km/truck
Description Average incremental distance for raw solid waste/manure and/or

wastewater transportation
Source of data Plant records

Average incremental distance for raw solid waste/manure
Description of
transportation has been monitored.
measurement
methods and
procedures applied
Frequency of Continuous
monitoring/recordin
g
Value applied: DAFpressmud 25 km

DAFanimal manure 50 km
DAFMSW 0 km
DAFres⋅waste,y 25 km
Monitoring NA
equipment
The distance has been crosschecked with the help of google maps.
QA/QC procedures
applied

On site measurement, assumption to be approved by VVB
Calculation method
Comments
Data / Parameter ECPJ,j,y
Data unit MWh

Amount of electricity consumed from the grid as a result of the project
Description
activity
Electricity meter reading from electricity meter bill by the State
Source of data
Electricity Board or any Private Supplier.
74
Data is measured and recorded continuously through meters and

Description of
meter readings are archived electronically. The data will be calculated
measurement by monitoring the difference between the reading in meter at the end
methods and of the month and beginning of the month. This parameter will be
procedures applied updated ex-post each year over the crediting period.
Monthly
Frequency of
monitoring/recordin
g
Value applied: 286.19 MWh
Monitoring Electricity meter (Electricity Board Energy Meter)

equipment
As the meters will be maintained by third party agency, the accuracy
QA/QC procedures
of data is ensured. The meters are entirely under the control of State
applied Electricity Board/DISCOM.
Purpose of data Calculation of Project emissions

The parameter is measured and if any calculation is required, the
Calculation method
calculation is based on measured parameters.
Comments
Data / Parameter QCH4
Data unit t CH4/year
Description Quantity of methane produced in the anaerobic digester
Source of data Plant records/logbook
Description of The values will be obtained from Logbook data maintained by the plant
measurement personnel.
methods and
procedures applied
Data to be aggregated monthly.
Frequency of
monitoring/recordin
g
Value applied: 893816 m3 of CH4
Monitoring Plant Records

equipment
75
-
QA/QC procedures
applied
Purpose of data Calculation of project emissions

The parameter is measured and if any calculation is required, the
Calculation method
Comments
Data / Parameter FCi,j,y
Data unit volume (liter /year)
Description Quantity of diesel combusted in Bio-methanation process during the

year y
Source of data Plant record
Description of Onsite Measurement

measurement
The total number of operating hours of DG set and earth movers and
methods and
the corresponding quantity of diesel consumed for the purpose is
procedures applied
recorded in the logbook maintained at the control room. The
operating hours and the quantity of diesel consumption is recorded.
Frequency of Continuous monitoring and monthly compilation

monitoring/recording
Value applied: 35,123 Liters
Monitoring NA
equipment
QA/QC procedures The consistency of metered fuel consumption quantities should be

applied cross-checked by an annual energy balance that is based on
purchased quantities (invoices).
Purpose of data Calculation of project emissions for Bio-methanation project
Calculation method The parameter is measured and if any calculation is required, the
Comments The data would be archived electronically and maintained for the
Data / Parameter DOCj
76
Data unit Weight fraction
Description Fraction of degradable organic carbon in the waste type j
Source of data Declaration from project participant as per lab test reports of waste.
Description of Lab test for identifying DOCj

measurement
methods and
procedures applied
Frequency of Continuous monitoring and yearly compilation

Value applied: Press Mud 0.3

MSW 0.15
Monitoring NA
equipment
QA/QC procedures Lab test for identifying DOCj

applied
Purpose of data Calculation of baseline emissions for Bio-methanation project
Calculation method NA
Comments NA
Data / Parameter FSBio-CNG,y
Data unit Tons
Description Amount of Bio-CNG distributed/sold directly to retailers, filling stations

by the project activity in year y
Source of data Continuous monitoring and monthly compilation
Description of The Bio-CNG sold has been monitored for every time.
measurement
methods and
procedures applied
Frequency of Continuous monitoring and yearly compilation

77
Value applied: 500 Tons
equipment
QA/QC procedures The Bio-CNG has been monitored by flow meter and it is crosschecked
applied by Weighbridge as per mass balance.
Justification of Measurements of the amount of Bio-CNG distributed/sold to

choice of data or retailers/filling stations are undertaken using calibrated meters at the
description of delivery section of Bio-CNG production site. Measurements results shall
measurement be cross checked with records for sold amount (e.g. invoices/receipts)
methods and and with the amount of biogas produced.
procedures applied

NA.
Comments
Data / Parameter fy
Data unit t CO2e/t CH4

Fraction of methane captured at the SWDS and flared, combusted or
Description
used in another manner that prevents the emissions of methane to the
atmosphere in year y
Source of data CDM Methodological Tool 04, Version 08.1
Description of Value shall be assigned taking into account the amount of methane
measurement captured at the SWDS and flared, combusted or used in another
methods and manner that prevents the emissions of methane to the atmosphere in
procedures applied year y comply with relevant regulations and contractual requirements of
the host country. Since there exists no regulations or contractual
requirement to capture and destroy the methane generated from the
landfills in India, hence it has been fixed ex ante and assigned a value
of 0%
Frequency of Continuous monitoring as per latest version of TOOL 04

Value applied: 0%
Monitoring NA
equipment
78
QA/QC procedures NA
applied
Value shall be assigned taking into account the amount of methane
Justification of
captured at the SWDS and flared, combusted or used in another
choice of data or manner that prevents the emissions of methane to the atmosphere in
description of year y comply with relevant regulations and contractual requirements of
measurement the host country. Since there exists no regulations or contractual
methods and requirement to capture and destroy the methane generated from the
procedures applied landfills in India, hence it has been fixed ex ante and assigned a value
of 0%
NA.
Comments
Data / Parameter TDL j,y
Data unit -
Description Average technical transmission and distribution losses for providing

electricity to source j, k or l in year y
Source of data Default value taken from Tool-05, Version – 03.0
Description of Use as default values of 20% for: (a) project or leakage electricity
measurement consumption sources; from Tool-05, Version – 03.0.
methods and
procedures applied
Frequency of Annually. In the absence of data from the relevant year, most recent
monitoring/recording figures should be used, but not older than 5 years
Value applied: 20 %
Monitoring NA
equipment
QA/QC procedures NA
applied
Justification of NA
choice of data or
description of
measurement
79
methods and
procedures applied
Comments NA
6.3 Monitoring Plan

The monitoring plan defines the standards and rules according to which the emission reductions
of the project activity are monitored and verified in conformance with all relevant requirements of
the VCS. The monitoring plan and procedures can be updated and adjusted to meet the operational
requirements. The monitoring plan is given below:
Use of the Monitoring Plan (MP) by the Manager:

Responsible for recording of the monitored parameters and the defined frequency
Use of the Monitoring Plan (MP) by the Executive:

Responsible for the operation of the Bio-CNG facility and coordinate with various departments
Use of the Monitoring Plan (MP) by the Site Operator: This Monitoring Plan identifies key
performance indicators of the project and sets out the procedures for metering, monitoring,
calculating, and verifying the ERs generated by the project activity, annually. Adherence to the
instructions in the monitoring plan will be issued to the operator to measure and track the impact
of the project on the environment. The MP is thus the basis for the production of ERs and the
accreditation of the ERs within the VCS mechanism. The operation of the composting facilities will
be documented in a quality control program, monitoring the conditions and procedures that ensure
the aerobic condition of the waste during the composting process.
Overall responsible for completeness of data, reliability of data (calibration of meters, weighing
machines measuring samples) and monthly report generation. Following shall be measured and
recorded:
1. Electricity consumption for equipment used on site. Data can be collected from electricity
meter installed by state electricity board (a kWh-instrument).
2. Fuel consumption for equipment used on site. Data can be based upon the received invoices
for fuel. Operator shall keep/file receipt of invoices.
3. Produced compost that is trucked off of site.
4. Produced Bio-CNG which is supplied off of site.
5. Quantity of waste supplied to the bio-methanation and Digestate to the compost plant will be
measured by weighing on a weighbridge as described in the Monitoring plan. This information
is required for calculation of the ER’s.
6. Measurement of the composition of the incoming waste in accordance
7. with the procedure as indicated in the sampling plan.
8. Number and detail of vehicles that bring in the waste and the vehicles that transport
compost to the end user.
80
Methods and policies used for measuring and recording of the parameters of the Project:
1. Quantity of total amount of organic waste received at site is weighed in the weighbridge and
recorded in the logbook monthly.
2. Amount of electricity consumed from the grid recorded as per energy meter.
3. Quantity of biogas collected at the digester is flow meter and recorded in the logbook monthly.
4. Quantity of diesel combusted at site recorded in the logbook.
5. Logbook helps you manage and document critical processes while maintaining a simple
interface that ensures consistency of documentation and compliance QA/QC procedures.
6. Calibration helps to assure and optimize the control parameters affecting the production
process, thereby enhancing the quality of this process. Calibration plays a pi votal role in the
implementation and maintenance of international quality systems.
7 ACHIEVED GHG EMISSION

REDUCTIONS AND REMOVALS
7.1 Data and Parameters Monitored
Data / Parameter Wx
Data unit T/yr

Total amount of organic waste prevented from disposal during monitoring
Description
period
Press MSW Animal
Value applied:
Vintage mud (tons) manure
(tons) (tons)
28-Jul-21 30-Apr-23 20,710 0 6,060
The data would be archived electronically and maintained for the entire
Comments
crediting period plus two years.
Data / Parameter ECP,j,y
Data unit MWh
81
Amount of electricity consumed from the grid as a result of the project

Description
activity during monitoring period
electricity
Value applied:
Vintage consumed
(MWh)
28-Jul-21 30-Apr-23 286.19
The data would be archived electronically and maintained for the entire
Comments
Data / Parameter QCH4
Data unit t CH4/year
Description Quantity of methane produced in the anaerobic digester
Value applied: Amount of

Vintage biogas
collected (m3)
28-Jul-21 30-Apr-23 17,84,055
Comments The data would be archived electronically and maintained for the entire
Data / Parameter FCI,j,y
Data unit Volume (m3/year)
Description Quantity of diesel combusted in Bio-methanation process during the

year y
Value applied: Quantity of diesel

Vintage combusted (litres)
28-Jul-21 30-Apr-23 35,123
Comments The consistency of metered fuel consumption quantities should be

cross-checked by an annual energy balance that is based on
purchased quantities (invoices).
82
Data / Parameter FSBio-CNG,y

Tons
Data unit
Amount of Bio-CNG distributed/sold directly to retailers, filling stations
Description
by the project activity in year y
Amount of Bio-CNG
Value applied: Vintage distributed/sold
28-Jul-21 30-Apr-23 500
NA
Comments
7.2 Baseline Emissions

Baseline 1:
For AMS-III.AO: -
Project Instance sites BE,SWDS,y

Kuzhandai Kuppam, Vanamadevi PO, Cuddalore 18,814 tCO2e (Round down)
district, Tamil Nadu
Since the project does not involve any anaerobic treatment of the wastewater so the BEWW,y is
considered zero so,
BEWW,y = 0
For methane emissions from animal manure (BEmanure,y): -
Project Instance sites BEmanure,y

Kuzhandai Kuppam, Vanamadevi PO, Cuddalore 12,823 tCO 2e
There is no methane captured and combusted therefore MD reg,y also considered as zero. So,
MDreg,y = 0
83
Baseline 2:
AMS-III.AQ Bio-CNG in transportation applications
Project Instance sites BE, 2,y

Kuzhandai Kuppam, Vanamadevi PO, Cuddalore 1,262 tCO2e
BEy = Baseline 1 +BEmanure,y + Baseline 2
BEy = 23,845 + 16,749 + 1,778 = 42,372 tCO2e
Project Instance sites BE,y

Kuzhandai Kuppam, Vanamadevi PO, Cuddalore 32,900 tCO2e
7.3 Project Emissions

For Project Emissions as per AMS-III.AO

 PEtransp , y + PE power , y + PEres waste , y 

PE y =  

 + PE phy leakage , y + PE flaring , y 

Step 1: Emissions from incremental transportation

The project emissions from incremental transportation by the project activity facilities are as
follows:
PEtransp,y = 106.12 tCO 2e
Step 2: Emissions from electricity and/or fossil fuel consumption by the project activity facilities:
For the calculation of project emissions from electricity and/or fossil fuel consumption by the
project activity facilities (PEpower,y ), Tool to calculate the emission factor of an electricity system
and Tool to calculate project or leakage CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion shall be used:
PEPower, y = PEEC,j,y + PEFCi,j,y
84
As per TOOL05 Baseline, project and/or leakage emissions from electricity consumption and
monitoring of electricity generation (version 03.0) para 16, In the generic approach, project
emissions from consumption of electricity are calculated based on the quantity of electricity
consumed, an emission factor for electricity generation and a factor to account for transmission
losses, as follows:
PEEC,y =216.93 tCO 2e

And as per TOOL03, Tool to calculate project or leakage CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel
combustion (version 03.0) para 6, CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion in process j are
calculated based on the quantity of fuels combusted and the CO 2 emission coefficient of those
fuels, as follows:
As per para 7 of TOOL03 The CO 2 emission coefficient 𝐶𝑂𝐸𝐹 𝑖,𝑦 calculated
COEFI,y = 3,186.30 tCO2e/Gg

PEPower, y = 367.13 tCO 2e
Step 3: In case residual wastes are subjected to anaerobic storage, or disposed in a landfill:
methane emissions from storage/disposal/treatment of waste
The residual wastes from the biomethanation plant are neither handed anaerobically nor stored.
Therefore, these emissions are zero.
PEres_waste,y = 0
Step 4: Methane emissions from physical leakages of the anaerobic digester

As per TOOL14, Project and leakage emissions from anaerobic digester (Version 02.0) para 23,
It is covered in step 5 of Project Emissions as per AMS-III.AQ
Step 5: Methane emissions due to flaring

As per TOOL06, Project emissions from flaring (version 04.0) para 39,
85
PEflare,y = 1108.67 tCO 2e
Project Site PEAMS-III.AO
Kuzhandai Kuppam, Vanamadevi PO, 1,932.12 tCO 2e

Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu
Project Emissions as per AMS-III.D (Version 21.0): -

As per para 20 of methodology AMS-III.D (Version 21.0)
Step 1: Emissions due to physical leakage of biogas:

The project emissions due to physical leakage of biogas have already been considered in step 4
Step 2: Emissions from flaring or combustion of the biogas stream:
considered in step 5 of the project emissions as per AMS-III.AO.
Step 3: Emissions from the use of fossil fuel or electricity for the operation of the installed
facilities:
The project emissions from the use of fossil fuel or electricity for the operation of the installed
facilities have already been considered in step 5 project emissions from electricity and/or fossil
fuel consumption by the project activity facilities of the project emissions as per AMS-III.AO.
Step 4: Emissions from incremental transportation in the year y (t CO 2e):
The project emissions from incremental transportation have already been considered in step 5
Step 5: Emissions from the storage of manure:
𝑃𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 𝐺𝑊𝑃𝐶𝐻4 × 𝐷𝐶𝐻4

𝐴𝐼
365
× ∑[ × ∑(𝑁𝐿𝑇 × 𝑉𝑆𝐿𝑇,𝑑 × 𝑀𝑆%𝑙 × (1 − 𝑒 −𝑘(𝐴𝐼𝑙−𝑑) ) × 𝑀𝐶𝐹𝑖 × 𝐵0,𝐿𝑇 )]
𝐴𝐼𝑙
𝐿𝑇,𝑙 𝑑=1
Project Site PE AMS-III.D
86
Kuzhandai Kuppam, Vanamadevi PO, Cuddalore 118.06 tCO 2e

Project Emissions as per AMS-III.AQ
Step 1: Project emissions due to electricity consumption

The project emissions due to electricity consumption have already been considered in step 2
project emissions from electricity and/or fossil fuel consumption by the project activity facilities of
the project emissions as per AMS-III.AO.
Step 2: Project emissions due to fossil fuels consumption
The project emissions due to fossil fuels consumption have already been considered in step 2
Step 3: Project emissions from transportation of the biomass from the places of their origin to the
biogas production site and where applicable, transportation of Bio-CNG from biogas plant to filling
stations where it is used by final consumers
There is no biomass used in project activity and PE trasport,y have already been considered in step 1
of project emissions as per AMS-III.AO.
PEtransport,y = 0
Step 4: Project emissions from biomass cultivation in a dedicated plantation
There is no biomass cultivation involved in the project activity therefore it has been considered
zero.
PEcultivation,y = 0
Step 5: Project emissions due to the physical leakage of methane from the systems affected by the
project activity for production, processing, purification, compression; storage and filling of the Bio-
CNG
As per para 31 of methodology AMS-IIII.AQ (version 02.0), Project emissions associated with the
physical leakage of methane from the systems affected by the project activity are calculated as
follows:
𝑃𝐸𝐶𝐻4,𝑦 = 𝑃𝐸𝐴𝐷,𝑦 + 𝑃𝐸𝐵𝑖𝑜−𝐶𝑁𝐺,𝑦
As per TOOL14, Project and leakage emissions from anaerobic digesters (Version 02.0), para 13,
the project emissions associated with the anaerobic digester (PE AD,y) are determined as follows:
87
PEAD,y = 431.06 tCO2e
According to Paragraph 33 of AMS-III.AQ (Version 02), PEBio-CNG,y is calculated as per the relevant
procedures in Annex I of AMS-III.H.
PEBio-CNG,y = PEpower,upgrade,y + PEWW,upgrade,y + PECH4,equip,y + PEventgas,y
Here, the PEpower,upgrade,y have already been calculated as part of step 2 of AMS-III.AO. The
wastewater discharged of upgrading installation in the project activity is transferred to anaerobic
reactors. So, PEWW,upgrade,y = 0. PEventgas,y is zero if the biogas is channeled to storage bags.
PEBio-CNG,y = PECH4,equip,y
1
𝑃𝐸𝐶𝐻4,𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝,𝑦 = 𝐺𝑊𝑃𝐶𝐻4 × × ∑ 𝜔𝐶𝐻4,𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚,𝑦 × 𝐸𝐹𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 × 𝑇𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡,𝑦
1000
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑝𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
PEBio-CNG,y = PECH4,equip,y = 175 tCO 2e

Therefore, PECH4,y = 431.06 tCO 2e + 175 tCO 2e = 606.06 tCO 2e
Step 5 (a) Project emissions from electricity consumption associated with the anaerobic digester
As per section 6.1.2.1 TOOL14, Option 1: Procedure using monitored data, and para 20 of TOOL14,
PEFC,y shall be calculated using the “Tool to calculate baseline, project and/or leakage emissions
from electricity consumption”, where the project emissions source j referred to in the tool is the
total electricity consumption associated with the anaerobic digestion facility and the project
emissions from electricity consumption associated with the anaerobic digester have already been
considered in step 2 project emissions from electricity and/or fossil fuel consumption by the project
activity facilities of the project emissions as per AMS-III.AO.
Step 5 (b) Project emissions from fossil fuel consumption associated with the anaerobic digester
As per para 22 of TOOL14, Where the anaerobic digester facility uses fossil fuels, project
participants shall calculate PEEC,y using the “Tool to calculate project or leakage CO 2 emissions from
fossil fuel combustion”. The project emissions source j referred to in the tool is fossil fuel
consumption associated with the anaerobic digestion facility and the project emissions from fossil
fuel consumption associated with the anaerobic digester have already been considered in step 2
Step 5 (c) Project emissions of methane from the anaerobic digester
As per para 23 of TOOL 14, Project emissions of methane from the anaerobic digester include
emissions during maintenance of the digester, physical leaks through the roof and side walls, and
release through safety valves due to excess pressure in the digester. These emissions are
calculated using a default emission factor (EF CH4,default) as follows;
Step 5 (d) Emissions from flaring or combustion of the biogas stream
88
considered in step 5 project emissions from Methane emissions due to incomplete flaring by the
project activity facilities of the project emissions as per AMS-III.AO.
Step 5 (e) Methane emissions from physical leakage due to the biogas treatment system
The project emissions from Methane emissions from physical leakage due to the biogas treatment
system have already been considered in step 4 project emissions of the project emissions as per
AMS-III.AO.
Project Site PEAMS-III.AQ
Kuzhandai Kuppam, Vanamadevi PO, 606.06 tCO 2e

Total Project Emissions:
PEy = PEAMS-III.AO + PEAMS-III.D + PEAMS-III.AQ
Project Instance sites PE, y

Kuzhandai Kuppam, Vanamadevi PO, 2,500 tCO 2e
7.4 Leakage
Leakage Emissions as per AMS-III.AO
As per para 18 of methodology AMS-III.AO (Version 01.0) If the project technology is the equipment
transferred from another activity or if the existing equipment is transferred to another activity,
leakage effects are to be considered so leakage is zero.
LEAMS-III.AO = 0 tCO2e
Leakage Emissions as per AMS-III.D

As per para 26 of methodology AMS-III.D. (Version 21.0) It is determined by following the relevant
procedure in the methodological tool “Project and leakage emissions from anaerobic digesters”
and As per TOOL14 footnote 1, if the storage of digestate or the composting of digestate is
occurring within the project boundary, these emissions will be considered as project emissions.
Therefore, LE is considered as zero.
LEAMS-III.D = 0 tCO2e
Project Emissions as per AMS-III.AQ

As per para 35 of methodology AMS-III.AQ. (Version 02.0) Leakage emissions LE BIOMASS,y due to
competing use of biomass shall be accounted for as per the approved “General guidance on
leakage in biomass project, but there is no biomass used in the project activity so
89
LEBiomass,y = 0 tCO2e
As per para 36 of methodology AMS-III.AQ. (Version 02.0) The substitution of Bio-CNG for CNG
from fossil origin reduces indirect (“upstream”) emissions associated with the production of fossil
CNG and is treated as negative leakage LE PROCESS,y,CNG that can be calculated as per the latest
approved version of the tool “Upstream leakage emissions associated with fossil fuel use”.
As per TOOL15, Upstream leakage emissions associated with fossil fuel use (version 02.0),para
21, Leakage upstream emissions are calculated as follows:
As per Para 9(c) of TOOL15, Whether there is a possibility that leakage upstream emissions values
are less than 0, such as for project activities in which a fossil fuel in the baseline situation is
displaced with a renewable fuel in the project situation. Otherwise, if negative values are calculated
using this tool, then they are assumed to equal 0. In any case, net leakage should always be
considered as zero when net leakage effects are negative and as per para 22 of TOOL15, If LEUS,y
is calculated as a value of less than 0, then a value of 0 shall be used instead, unless the
methodology referencing this tool specifies that negative values for LEUS,y are permitted.
Thus, leakage effects are not considered as per the applied methodology, AMS-III.AO, AMS-III.AQ
and AMS-III.D.
Therefore,
LEy=0.
Project Site LEy
Kuzhandai Kuppam, Vanamadevi PO, Cuddalore 0 tCO 2e

7.5 Net GHG Emission Reductions and Removals

The total emission reduction achieved in current monitoring period is
ERy = BEy - PEy - LEy
ERy = 32,900 – 2,500 - 0
ERy = 30,400 tCO 2e
Hence, total emission reductions for the project activity in current monitoring period are 30,400
tCO 2e:
90
Year Baseline Project Leakage Net GHG emission

emissions or emissions or emissions reductions or
removals (tCO 2e) removals (tCO 2e) (tCO 2e) removals (tCO 2e)
28-Jul-2021
to 30-Apr- 32,900 2,500 0 30,400
2023
Total 30,400 (Round

32,900 2,500 0
down)
The ERs generated during the current monitoring period is less than the estimated values, which
is conservative.
91

Biogas Project in Cuddalore, India V1.2

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Biogas Project in Cuddalore, India

Document Prepared by Global Carbon Solutions

Project Title Biogas Project in Cuddalore, India

Date of Issue 25-May-2023

Prepared By Global Carbon Solutions

Contact Address: 10-6-95/6, Burhan Puram, Khammam, Khammam, TS - 507001, India

3 APPLICATION OF METHODOLOGY ..................................................................... 23

5 ESTIMATED GHG EMISSION REDUCTIONS AND REMOVALS ............................ 47

7 ACHIEVED GHG EMISSION REDUCTIONS AND REMOVALS ............................. 81

Audit Type Period Program VVB Name Number of years

Verified TÜV SÜD

Total 1 Year 9 months

1.2 Sectoral Scope and Project Type

Sectoral scopes: 13(Waste handling and disposal) and 7(Transport)

Methodology: AMS-III.AO. Methane recovery through controlled anaerobic digestion, Version 01 3

Methodology: AMS-III.D. Methane recovery in animal manure management systems, Version

Methodology: AMS-III.AQ. Introduction of Bio-CNG in transportation applications, Version 02.0 5

1.3 Project Eligibility

1.4 Project Design

1.5 Project Proponent

Contact person Ram Kumar

10-6-95/6, Burhan Puram, Khammam, TG-507001

1.6 Other Entities Involved in the Project

1.8 Project Start Date

Project Start Date: 28-July-2021.

1.9 Project Crediting Period

1.10 Project Scale and Estimated GHG Emission Reductions or Removals

☒ 20,000 – 100,000 tCO2e/year

☐ 100,001 – 1,000,000 tCO 2e/year

☐ >1,000,000 tCO 2e/year

1. Projects: Less than or equal to 300,000 tons of CO2e per year

Year Estimated GHG emission reductions or

Total estimated ERs 334,778

Total number of crediting years 7

1.11 Description of the Project Activity

Anaerobic digestion is a complex, natural, multi-stage process of degradation of organic

Figure 1: Waste Management Project

Process flow of the Biogas plant

Transport Biogas Liquid Solid

Purification and Compression

Digestate Tank Separator

Figure 2: Manufacturing process flow chart

S. Installed in Location Motor Make KW HP RPM Phase

PSA and Compressor

7 PSA Blower PSA Based Biogas Purification 30 40 1466 3

13 Bio-CNG Bio-CNG Filling Area BURCKHARDT 90 120 1485 3

20 Cooling Tower Heat Exchanger New India 3.7 5 2800 3

21 Chiller Motor-1 Heat Exchanger 1.1 1.5 2800 3

Technical specification of the equipment is as follows:

S. No. Infrastructure/ Machinery/ Equipment Description

a. Feeding Tank Feeding Tank for Raw Material

1.12 Project Location

Figure 3: Satellite view of Project Location

Figure 4: Map showing Project Location

1.13 Conditions Prior to Project Initiation

1.14 Compliance with Laws, Statutes and Other Regulatory Frameworks

• Solid waste management Rules, 2016 6

1.15 Participation under Other GHG Programs

Projects Registered (or seeking registration) under Other GHG Program(s)

Projects Rejected by Other GHG Programs

1.16 Other Forms of Credit

Emissions Trading Programs and Other Binding Limits

Other Forms of Environmental Credit

1.17 Sustainable Development Contributions