Parabola

Sameer Chincholikar
#
Sameer Chincholikar
Director - Unacademy JEE/NEET
B.Tech, M.Tech - IIT-Roorkee
Taught 1 Million+ Students
10+ years Teaching experience
EdTech
Taught Patent Holder
1 Million+ Students
Certified by the IAPT
100+ Aspiring Teachers Mentored
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Definition of
Conic (Locus)
 Definition

PS
= constant = e(eccentricity)
PM

PS = e.PM
Definition
Parabola
Definition

PS
= constant = 1
PM

PS = PM
 Standard
Equations of
Parabola
y2 = 4ax
y2 = -4ax
x2 = 4ay
x2 = -4ay
Shifting the
Vertex
Parabola Comparable with y2 = 4ax
Note
 Parametric
Coordinates of
Parabola
Parametric Coordinates
y2 = 4ax
Parametric Coordinates
 Note

The parametric equation of parabola

(y - k)2 = 4a(x - h) are x = h + at2 and y = k + 2at
Note:

For y2 = 4ax, slope of the chord joining P(t1) & Q(t2)

 Note:
If A(t1) and B(t2) are two points on the parabola y2 =4ax,
and AB subtends right angle at vertex of Parabola then
t1t2 = -4.
Focal Chord
Focal Chord

Q
 Ends of Focal Chord

If P(t1) and Q(t2) are the endpoints of a focal chord then t1t2 = -1
Length of Focal Chord

1. In terms of parameter
Length of Focal Chord

2. In terms of Angle
 Note
Semi latus rectum of the parabola y2 = 4ax, is the harmonic mean
between segments of any focal chord of the parabola.
Position of Point
w.r.t Parabola
Position of Point
y2 = 4ax
Position of Point
x2 = 4ay
Position of Line
Position of Line

P : y2 = 4ax L : y = mx + c
 Note

Condition of Tangency P : y2 = 4ax L : y = mx + c

 Note
Length of chord of slope ‘m’. Length of the chord intercepted
by the parabola y2 = 4ax on the line y = mx + c is
Equation of
Tangent
1. Point form
The equation of a tangent to the parabola y2 = 4ax at a point (x1, y1)

P
 Note

Transformations to get Tangent.

2. Parametric form
The equation of a tangent to the parabola y2 = 4ax at (at2, 2at)

P
3. Slope form
The equation of a tangent of slope m to the parabola y2 = 4ax

P
 Note

Relation between slope and parameter for the parabola

y2 = 4ax
 Note

Point of contact
 Note

Tangent to (y - y1)2 = 4a(x - x1)

IITJEE (S) 2001
JEE Advanced 2014
 Point of Intersection
Tangents to y2 = 4ax at P(t1) and Q(t2) intersect at
R ≡ ( at1t2, a(t1+t2))

Q
Tangents to other
Other Standard
Parabolas
1. Point form
2. Parametric form
IITJEE (S) 2005
3. Slope form
IIT-JEE 2006
 Important
Properties related
to Tangent
 Important Properties related to Tangent

1. The portion of a tangent to a parabola cut off between the directrix

& the curve subtends a right angle at the focus.

S
 Important Properties related to Tangent

2. The tangents at the extremities of a focal chord intersect at right angle

on the directrix, and hence a circle on any focal chord as diameter
touches the directrix.

Q
Let E denote the parabola y2 = 8x. Let P = (-2,4), and let Q and Q' be two
distinct points on E such that the lines PQ and PQ' are tangents to E. Let F
be the focus of E. Then which of the following statements is (are) TRUE?

A. The triangle PFQ is a right-angled triangle

B. The triangle QPQ' is a right-angled triangle
C. The distance between P and F is 5√2 JEE Advanced 2021
D. F lies on the line joining Q and Q’
 Important Properties related to Tangent

3. Foot of perpendicular from focus on any tangent lie on the tangent at

the vertex. Also a circle on any focal radii of a point P (at2, 2at) as
diameter touches the tangent at the vertex
 Important Properties related to Tangent

4. The area of the triangle formed by three points on a parabola is twice

the area of the triangle formed by the tangents at these points.
IIT JEE 2011
Equation of
Normal
 Equation of Normal

Normal to a parabola at point P is defined to be the line

perpendicular to the tangent to the parabola at point P and
passing through point P

T N
 1. Point Form

For the parabola y2 = 4ax, normal at (x1, y1) is:

T N
 2. Parametric Form

Equation of the normal at ‘t’ is y = -tx +2at + at3

 Note

Relation between slope and parameter:

If slope of normal at point P with parameter ‘t’ is ‘m’ then
m = -t
 3. Slope Form

Equation of the normal with slope m is y = mx - 2am - am3

 Note
Maximum three normals can be drawn from a point P(h, k) to
the parabola y2 = 4ax.

If their slopes are m1, m2 and m3 then

m1 + m2 + m3 = 0;
m1 m2 + m2 m3 + m3 m1 = (2a-h)/a;
m1 m2 m3 = -k/a
 Note

If P(t1), Q(t2) and R(t3) are three points on which the normals
are concurrent, then these are called conormal points.

1. t1 + t2 + t3 = 0
2. Centroid of triangle with conormal points as vertices
lies on the axis of parabola
JEE Advanced 2016
Important Result
related to Normal
 Result-1:

The point of intersection of the normals at t1 and t2 is

[ 2a + a (t12 + t1t2+t22), - at1t2(t1 + t2)]
Result-2:
 Result-3:
If the normals to the parabola y2 = 4ax at the points t1 & t2
intersect again on the parabola at the point ‘ t3’ then t1t2 = 2;
t3 = - (t1 + t2) and the line joining t1 & t2 passes through a fixed
point (-2a, 0).
IIT JEE 2011
 Normal to
Other Standard
Parabolas
Transformations

Relation between ‘m’ and ‘t’

Equation of Relation between Relation between
parabolas Slope of tangent and ‘t’ Slope of normal and ‘t’

y2 = 4ax

y2 = -4ax

x2 = 4ay

x2 = -4ay
NOTE:
● Learn only transformations for slope format.
● Convert it to parametric form using relation of ‘m’
and ‘t’ whenever required.
Director
Circle
Director Circle
JEE Main 2007
Common
Results
Chord of Contact
A

T=0

B
Chord with given Midpoint

T = S1
P

B
Pair of Tangents

S.S1 = T2

B
JEE Main 2018
JEE Advanced 2013
JEE Main 2019
JEE Main 2017
Some more
Properties
Some More Properties
Some More Properties

T
N
M
Some More Properties
Reflection Property

* ST = SN = SP
P

T N
S
2018 M
IIT JEE 2009
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