CRIMINOLOGY INTERNSHIP PROGRAM OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF THE CORDILLERAS

Livelihood Programs Effectivity on Persons Deprived of

Liberty

A Case Study

Presented to the Faculty of the

College of Criminal Justice Education

University of The Cordilleras

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Subject

Practicum 1 and 2

By

Jezriel Tio Belino

May 2021
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researcher would like to extend his deepest

gratitude to those who helped and support in completing this

research. The advice, the assistance and the information

given were very helpful in this research.

To my respected college dean of the College of

Criminal Justice Education, Dr.Cherry Ann Cabbarubias, thank

you for the guidance and advices you have instill to me in

completing this research.

To Dr.Robino Cawi, my research adviser for sharing

his knowledge regarding this research, for his patience and

support in completing this reseach.

To the informant who gave his experience, stories and

for his participation and lending his time, I thank you. The

information you shared was very helpful in completing this

research.

To God for he’s unending love, who gave me life,

strength, wisdom, knowledge and strength in my everyday

life.
 DISCLAIMER

This case study entitled “The effectivity of

livelihood program to Person Deprived of Liberty’’ is for

educational purposes only. This case study the reader a

background and understanding on the topic mentioned.

 Chapter 1

I Introduction

Being incarcerated in jail or prison is hard you will

be separated from your family and friends. It will separate

the person from his/her normal life outside the community.

The community will look at the person as a criminal, person

who is hopeless because they cannot help their families from

their financials.

Have you ever wondered how a person deprived of

liberty can still be able to provide for their family? Or

why other persons deprived of liberty can provide for their

family while other PDL’s are unable to. This study while

help us understand why some Persons Deprived of Liberty can

still provide for their family and others cannot.

 Although person is incarcerated that they think they

are hopeless, a lot of activities and programs are

implemented to remove the boredom and sadness of Person

Deprived of Liberty. This program implemented also help the

PDL to have skills in job that will be used when they are

already released from the confinement.

This case study seeks to identify the programs that

are implemented inside jail or prison it also seeks to

identify if this program implemented are helpful to Person

Deprived of Liberty.

Statement of the Problem

A lot of PDL suffer inside jail or prison, they feel

emotionally, physically and mentally weak because of boredom

and sadness. That’s why the government provide some

activities and livelihood program to remove the boredom and

sadness of the PDL and rehabilitate them to become a change

person when they are release from the confinement. This

study seeks to determine if there are activities or programs

that are implemented inside jail or prison:

1.What are the livelihood programs given to PDL's?

2.How do these livelihood programs help in promoting

rehabilitation to PDL's?

Significance of the study

The study seeks to determine if there are

livelihood program and activities that are implemented

inside jail or prison. This study also seeks to determine if

this livelihood program and activities implemented are

helpful in promoting rehabilitation of the PDL.

Profession

To help the organization learn about the effectivity of the

livelihood programs implemented in jails or prisons and to

learn how to improve these programs to better deliver

persons deprived of liberty needs.

Government

For the government to learn about the problems and the needs

of these persons deprived of liberty and for them to be

enlightened about the deficiency of funds prisons and jails.

Theoretical framework

The following are the discussion on concepts and

theories about the livelihood program that are implemented

inside jail or prison. These will help us determine the

livelihood programs that are implemented.

When Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL) are released

from prison, they tend to find that their expectations for

returning to normal life are not always realistic. This is

especially true for prisoners who serve lengthy

incarcerations because they are likely to face advances in

technologies that are essential in new job markets and lack

training that makes them viable candidates (Ward & Maruna

2007). There are different rehabilitation programs offered

by different jails and prison like, educational programs,

recreational activities and livelihood programs. Person

deprived of liberty can also often have access to another

form of education: life skill training. These programs,

which are sometimes seen as counseling interventions, are

predicated on the notion that upon released to society, many

offenders may not have the kind of basic understanding that

are integral to functioning in American society. Thus, this

course will teach such varied skills as how to apply and

interview for a job, how to manage one’s money and

household, how to live a healthy life, how to be a parent

and spouse, and how to secure a driver’s license (Silverman

and Vega, 2015).

In connection to the components of the Philippine

Criminal Justice System (CJS) is the correction pillar, to

which its goal is to rehabilitate criminal offenders aside

from punishing and deterring the criminals from doing the

same crime. Many arrested and convicted criminals seemed not

rehabilitated for they always return to the penal

institution they once came. Criminals once they have been

released from prison have the tendency to become a

recidivist for some independent reason such as the lack of

jobs, and they are branded as graduates (Vicente,

2007).Aside from the BuCor there were services provided by

the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) to the

person deprived of liberty(PDL) includes the provision of

basic needs such as food, clothing, hygienic supplies and

others, health services that aids in maintaining the inmates

physical and mental wellbeing, livelihood services or

activities which entails the development of work values,

individual worth and dignity, emotional catharsis and

enhancement of individual’s creativity, educational services

and activities in order to minimize the inmates stress as

well as giving them opportunities for socialization,

visitation services in order to provide emotional and social

support to the inmates through their significant others and

love ones, paralegal services to provide them with speed

disposition of cases and religious services to uplift their

spiritual and moral values.

Despite of their rehabilitation inside the jail

and skills learned through the livelihood program from the

BJMP these released inmates do not apply their skills

outside the prison because the community do not trust them

too much, not knowing that they are already rehabilitated

and they are not giving them chance to apply the skills

they’ve learned.

Social Control Theory

Hirschi’s (1969) theory of social control is based on the

theory people engaged in delinquent behaviour when their

bond to society is weakened.

Hirchi’s theory was based on four elements:

Attachment. This is the link between the individual and

society if someone has attachment, they wish to preserved

this, they are less likely to go against the social norms or

put the attachment at risk. Attachment can be to family,

friends, Religion anything outside of themselves which might

be detached if the individual deviates from the norm. In an

individual has weak attachment, then they are less likely to

be concern about the outcomes of going against social norms,

offending family, friends or wider society.

Commitment. It refers to the level of investment, time and

energy place into an institution, for example, someone who

has invested time and energy into school or career, would be

less willing to risk their place with the establishment by

acting defiantly conversely, someone who had less investment

within an institution would not feel the same level of laws

if they were excluded.

Involvement. This pertains to the level of interaction and

investment if individual, for example in school, employment

any behavior that is considered socially acceptable then

they are simply to busy doing conventional things to find

time to engaged in deviant behaviour (hirschi 1969)

Belief. Being the final element of the social bonding

theory, relates to the common value system, individual

belief in the values and moral of the wider society which

they are attached to

respecting other’s rights (Germain and Gitterman, 1996).

Operation Planning Framework

 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10575,

OTHERWISE KNOWN AS

“THE BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS ACT OF 2013”

RULE I – PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS

Section 1. Short Title and Purpose. This Revised

Implementing Rules and Regulations, hereinafter called the

IRR, is hereby adopted and promulgated pursuant to Section

23 of Republic Act (RA)   No. 10575, otherwise known as the

“The Bureau of Corrections Act of 2013” for the purpose of

prescribing and applying the necessary rules and regulations

for the strengthening of the correctional services.

RULE II – GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 2. Declaration of Policy. It is the policy of the

State to promote the general welfare and safeguard the basic

rights of every prisoner incarcerated in our national

penitentiary by promoting and ensuring their reformation and

social reintegration, creating an environment conducive to

rehabilitation and compliant with the United Nations

Standard Minimum Rules for Treatment of Prisoners (UNSMRTP).

It also recognizes the responsibility of the State to

strengthen government capability aimed towards the

institutionalization of highly efficient and competent

correctional services.

Triangulation

Programs Activities

Person Deprived
Of Liberty

Trainings Rehabilitation

Effective
Livelihood
Program
Operational Definition of Terms

Person Deprived of Liberty. A person who has been arrested,

held in lawful custody, imprisoned in execution of lawful

sentence.

Jail. A place of confinement for person under investigation

or undergoing trial, or serving short-term sentences.

Prison. A place of confinement for person who are guilty of

a crime and will serve long-term sentence.

Livelihood. A way of earning money for living.

Rehabilitation. A way of changing or reforming a person from

bad to good.

Background Realities
 In Baguio City, crafting is started to make the jail

and their surrounding look better. The persons deprived of

liberty are making colorful lanterns, home decors,

Accessories out of bamboo and recycled materials like wires,

papers, and plastics bottles. They sell the products they

made to the public and other private institutions or

individuals who may be interested in their works.

By Pamela Mariz Geminiano v  December 25, 2018,  Philippine

news agency

In the Philippines, the Bureau of Corrections offers a

variety of inmate work programs. From agricultural to

industrial. The purpose of the work program is to make the

inmate busy and to provide them money for their personal

expenses and their families as well help them acquires

livelihood skills in order that they may become productive

citizens once they are release in to the community.

Review of Related literature

Conceptual research

The study entitled “Livelihood Programs Effectivity

on Persons Deprived of Liberty”, aims to determine the

livelihood program that are implemented inside jail or

prison and how do these programs help the institution in

rehabilitation.

The livelihood programs help the Person Deprived of

liberty to be rehabilitated and help them to work inside

jail or prison to earn money for their family, the

livelihood program also help them to earn the skill that can

be used outside the community once they are released.

In Baguio City, they give programs that are related

to the work outside the community, which can be useful once

they are released from the confinement. These livelihood

programs help the Person Deprived of liberty not only to

earn money and skill but can change or reform them

spiritually and mentally.

 In the paradigm of this study, it shows the

activities inside the jail or prison which if it is given

properly to the Person Deprived of Liberty it can lead to an

effective livelihood program.

Research Literature

Foreign Literature

U.S. correctional agencies have long relied on the

use of prison work release programs, which have operated in

the U.S. since the 1920s (Turner & Petersilia, 1996).

According to the most recent census of state and federal

correctional facilities, all but one of the 50 states run a

prison work release program (Stephan, 2008). Work release

allows participants, who are usually near the end of their

prison terms, to work in the community and return to a

correctional or community residential facility during

nonworking hours. Work release provides offenders with a

stable residence in a controlled environment and gives them

opportunities to earn income and accumulate savings for

their eventual release (Turner & Petersilia, 1996).

Moreover, because participants are granted early release

from prison and are typically required to reimburse the

state for part of their confinement costs, work release can

help reduce prison overcrowding and decrease correctional

costs (Turner & Petersilia, 1996).

Prisoners in Poland make minimum wage, which sets the country

apart from places like the U.S. where the maximum hourly wage

a federal inmate can hope to make is $1.15. While not all

prisoners have access to work during incarceration, those who

do are able to take jobs through partnerships with local

businesses that offer work inside the prisons. In some

communities, prisoners are able to work in educational

facilities, health centers, social assistance foundations,

and other local charity organizations.

http://www.takepart.com/article/2015/04/21/seven-

international-prisons-put-rehabilitation-punishment

CHAPTER II
 METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES

This chapter presents the following instruments and

tools that were used in the study: research design and

methodology and data collection method.

Research Design and Methodology

This study used qualitative method using case study.

Case study is an extensive study about a person, a group of

people, or a unit in which the researcher examines in-depth

data relating to several variables (Dr. Roberta Heale). It

provides insights into the problem and helps and develops

ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative research.

Qualitative research is used to uncover trends thoughts

feelings and opinions and dive deeper into the problem.

Data Sources

Narrative interview was used as the primary source of

information to categorize and answer the statement of

problem with help from a self-structured interview guide

from the study’s SOP. Documentation of the interview such as

taking down notes were also used for researcher to remember

the information gathered from the participant. The

participant must have been incarcerated or currently

incarcerated in a prison or jail for at least one year, must

have signed the consent letter and have understood the

terms.

Secondary sources are Reading newspaper articles,

browsing the internet searching libraries for information

were also used to supplement and support the information

gathered.

Data Collection Method

The researcher sought permissions to their instructor

and the Jail warden to conduct interview to the persons

deprived of liberty. The researcher gave form and

established rapport to the participant(key informants) for

better communication and to make the participants open and

speak to the researcher without any restrictions, for

ethical purposes and for the participants to understand

their roles and importance in the study. The identity of the

participants is also not disclosed and will be kept as

confidential.