04/2011 Doka Knowledge Transfer

999450402 en-GB

Empirical values

g t ime = Actual site

in va
o rm lue
F
Extra
wo
rk

Time Fixtures,
for stop-ends
fitting-
zones

Contingency Allowances
allowance
ime

Basic time
m t
ys te
S

9720-011

The Formwork Experts

 Doka Knowledge Transfer Empirical values

© by Doka Industrie GmbH, A-3300 Amstetten

2 999450402 - 04/2011
The Formwork Experts
Doka Knowledge Transfer Empirical values

Contents
4 Doka forming circle
5 Forming and assembly times
6 Grupp's calculated guide values for work time
9 Reinforcement
11 Concrete placement
12 Capacities
13 Annex

999450402 - 04/2011 3
The Formwork Experts
 Doka Knowledge Transfer Empirical values

Doka forming circle

Breakdown of forming time:
e = Actual sit
in g tim ev
rm al u
Fo e
Extra
wo
rk

Time Fixtures,
for stop-ends
fitting-
zones

Allowances
Contingency
allowance
ime

Basic time
mt
y ste
S

9720-011

System time (shifting time) is the sum of the times

needed to complete the following activities:
● Stripping out
● Transportation
● Cleaning
● Installing anchors
● Forming up
The time needed for fixtures and stop-ends is not
included in the shifting time. The basic time includes all
primary and secondary times for activities directly
involved in the progress of work for the system.
The time for fitting zones includes all primary and
secondary times for activities involving the fitting zones.
The extra work includes all primary and secondary
times for cut-outs, fixtures and stop-ends.
The allowances are the times taken up in moving
materials and persons, contingency delays, and rest
and recovery periods.

4 999450402 - 04/2011
The Formwork Experts
Doka Knowledge Transfer Empirical values

Forming and assembly times

Weight
System Forming times Assembly time (preassembly)
[kg/unit]
Framed formwork Framax Xlife 2.70 m 65 0.25 - 0.35 h/m2
Framed formwork Alu-Framax Xlife 2.70 m 35 0.25 - 0.5 h/m2
Framed formwork Frami 1.50 m 45 from 0.5 h/m2
Framed formwork Frami 270/330 0.35 - 0.6 h/m2
Dokaset 0.15 - 0.25 h/m2
Column formwork KS ∼ 0.15 h/m
Beam formwork Top 50 55 0.25 - 0.5 h/m2 0.4 - 0.5 h/m2
Beam formwork FF20 2.75 m 75 0.3 - 0.5 h/m2
Facade formwork Top 50 without rakers 950 1.5 – 3.0 h/unit
Facade formwork Top 50 with rakers 1500 ∼ 4.0 h/unit
Circular formwork H20, 2.40 m 90 0.4 - 0.5 h/m2 ∼ 0.15 h/m2 1)
Circular formwork H20, extra height 100 0.4 - 0.5 h/m2 ∼ 0.3 h/m2 1)
0.8 – 1.2 h/running
Bridge edge beam formwork T 80 ∼ 0.25 - 0.5 h/unit
metre
Bridge edge beam forming carriage T 3100 0.5 - 0.7 h/m 1.5 - 2.0 h/m
Bridge edge beam forming carriage TU 0.5 - 0.7 h/m 1.0 - 1.5 h/m
Supporting construction frame Universal F 4.50 m 380
Supporting construction frame Universal F 6.00 m 640 0.3 – 0.5 h/frame
Supporting construction frame Universal F 8.00 m 1100 0.7 – 1.0 h/frame
Supporting construction frame Variable 3.30 m 250 0.2 – 0.4 h/frame
Supporting construction frame Variable 4.05 m 330 0.5 – 0.75 h/frame
Dokaflex 1-2-4 50 0.3 - 0.35 h/m23)
Doka Xtra 70 0.3 - 0.35 h/m23)
Dokamatic tables (MS) 786 0.15 - 0.2 h/m2 0.17 - 0.21 h/m2
Dokaflex tables 720 0.15 - 0.2 h/m2 0.35 - 0.38 h/m2
Load-bearing tower Staxo 100/Staxo 54 0.1 – 0.15 h/running metre
Load-baring tower Staxo 40 0.1 – 0.15 h/running metre
Load-bearing tower Aluxo 37 0.1 – 0.15 h/running metre
Load-bearing tower d2 60 0.2 – 0.3 h/running metre
Stair tower Staxo 250 115 0.3 – 0.5 h/running metre
Stair tower Aluxo 250 100 0.3 – 0.5 h/running metre
Stair tower d2 225 170 0.6 – 1.0 h/running metre
Climbing formwork 150F incl. suspended platform 420 0.4 – 0.7 h/section 2.0 - 3.0 h/section 2)
Climbing formwork MF 240 incl. suspended platform 470 ∼ 3.0 h/section 2)
Climbing formwork K incl. suspended platform 360 1.25 – 1.50 h/section
Dam formwork incl. suspended platform 600 0.4 – 0.7 h/section 2.0 – 3.0 h/section
Shaft platform ∼ 0.5 h/m2 2)
Bracket platform M 70 0.07 h/running metre 0.4 – 0.6 h/running metre
1) Spindle work (including stacking)
2) Including surfacing
3) Applies for a propping height of 3.00 m. Forming times for extra-high constructions can vary by up to 1.0 h/m2

☞ Important note:
● Assembly time is the time for preassembling
individual system components to form a sys-
tem element, for example: Combining the
individual components of Top 50 beam form-
work on the reference flat.
● The times stated for the individual formwork
systems are guide times. Factors such as
training and experience of the workers, the
number of people available to undertake the
work, formwork height and shoring height,
weather conditions and on-site specifics all
extend the bandwidth.
● If you would like information on the individual
systems, do not hesitate to consult the con-
tact partners in the Project Management
department.

999450402 - 04/2011 5
The Formwork Experts
 Doka Knowledge Transfer Empirical values

Grupp's calculated guide values for work time

Work with H 20 floor-slab formwork subdivides into:
Guide values for work time for set- ● Forming up
ting up and stripping out formwork - Measure for height (props)
for floor slabs - Set up props
- Set up tripods
Guide values for work time for drophead formwork - Engage yoke traverses
with walings and three-ply sheeting - Set up additional intermediate props
Guide work time - Position cross-beams
Room size Room height [m]
[h/m2] - Lay shuttering
up to 2.50 0,29 - Form up fillers, etc.
Large rooms
2.50 to 3.50 0,32 - Formwork, adjust height
approx. 200 m2
3.50 to 5.50 0,36 - Apply release agent
up to 2.50 0,37
Medium-size rooms ● Stripping out
2.50 to 3.50 0,39
approx. 100 m2 - Slightly ease props
3.50 to 5.50 0,45
up to 2.50 0,43
- Remove intermediate props
Small rooms
2.50 to 3.50 0,45
- Tilt cross-beams and remove
approx. 40 m2 - Remove shuttering
3.50 to 5.50 0,52
- Lower props further
Guide work times for H 20 formwork - Remove yoke traverses
Room size Room height [m]
Guide work time - Remove tripods and props
[h/m2] - Clean formwork
up to 2.50 0,24
Large rooms
2.50 to 3.50 0,26
approx. 200 m2
3.50 to 5.50 0,31 Guide values for work time for set-
Medium-size rooms
up to 2.50 0,31 ting up and stripping out formwork
2.50 to 3.50 0,33
approx. 100 m2
3.50 to 5.50 0,38
with floor-slab tables
up to 2.50 0,37
Small rooms
2.50 to 3.50 0,39 Guide work times for various types of tableform
approx. 40 m2 Outside Inside table
3.50 to 5.50 0,46 Description
table [h/m2] [h/m2]
Tableform with strips of sheeting
System assessment for H 20 floor-slab systems placed at sides
0,11 0,15
Large rooms from approx. 50 m2
Tableform with top supported at one
System parts pc./m2 2.50 to 3.10 0,18 0,22
side
Guide work times, height up to 2.60 m h/m2 0.27 to 0.35 Tableform with top supported at both
0,23 0,26
Guide work times, height up to 3.50 m h/m2 0.29 to 0.35 sides
Offcuts, formwork sheeting approx. % 10,00 Tableform with strips of sheeting
0,11 0,15
placed on
Medium-size rooms from approx. 20 m2 Tableform with top placed at middle
0,11 0,15
and strips of sheeting
System parts pc./m2 3.60 to 4.20
Tableform with top supported at middle
Guide work times, height up to 2.60 m h/m2 0.36 to 0.41 0,19 0,22
and strips of sheeting
Guide work times, height up to 3.50 m h/m2 0.38 to 0.43
Tableform with top supported at one
Offcuts, formwork sheeting approx. % 20,00 0,15 0,19
side and strips of sheeting
Tableform with top supported at both
Small rooms from approx. 10 m2 0,25 0,28
sides and middle
System parts pc./m2 4.50 to 5.00
Guide work times, height up to 2.60 m h/m2 0.41 to 0.46
Guide work times, height up to 3.50 m h/m2 0.43 to 0.48
Offcuts, formwork sheeting approx. % 16,00

6 999450402 - 04/2011
The Formwork Experts
Doka Knowledge Transfer Empirical values

Guide values for work time for set- Guide work times for handset framed formwork
with 2 men, first cycle: Panel height 2.65 to 2.70, 2
ting up and stripping out formwork formwork ties over entire height
for walls Panel
Guide work times
[h/pc.] [h/m2]
Work with framed formwork subdivides Panel width 0.25 m 0,36 0,53
into: Panel width 0.50 m 0,40
● Forming up Panel width 0.75 m 0,48 0,24
- Clean the flat Longitudinal closure with closure
0,74
- Mark out walls plate
Longitudinal closure with wooden
- Set up panels filler
0,21
- Join panels Inside corner 90° 0,45
- Apply release agent Inside corner, articulated, without
0,60
- Install formwork ties wooden filler
- Set up rakers Filler for articulated corner 0,21
- Secure concreting scaffold Formwork lock 0,03
- Plumb formwork
Guide work times for handset framed formwork
● Stripping out
with 2 men, first cycle: Panel height 1.50 m, 2 form-
- Back off and remove ties work ties over entire height
- Break joins between panels Guide work times
- Reposition panels, large-area Panel
[h/pc.]
- Clean panels Panel width 0.25 m 0,27
- Stripping out after single-cycle use Panel width 0.50 m 0,29
- Remove scaffolding Panel width 0.75 m 0,30
- Back off formwork ties Longitudinal closure with closure plate 0,55
- Back off rakers Longitudinal closure with wooden filler 0,20
- Break joins between panels Inside corner 90° 0,34
- Remove each panel in turn and clean Inside corner, articulated, without
0,37
wooden filler
Filler with articulated corner 0,20
Guide work times for framed formwork, heavy-duty
Formwork lock 0,03
type, crane-lifted, first cycle: Panel height 2.65 to
2.70 m, 2 formwork ties over entire height
Guide work times for other jobs
Guide work times
Panel Guide work times
[h/pc.] [h/m2] [h/pc.]
Panel width 0.50 m 0,44 0,33 Door box-out in wood, approx. 2.0 m2 1,60
Panel width 0.75 m 0,53 0,26 Set door frame in steel, approx. 2.0 m2 1,75
Panel width 1.00 m 0,63 0,23 Window box-out in wood, approx. 1.5
Panel width 1.325 to 1.35 m 0,73 0,20 1,15
m2
Panel width 2.40 to 2.65m 1,19 0,18 Set prefabricated window, bedded in
0,25
Panel width 5.30 m 2,07 0,15 hard foam
Multipurpose panels (outside cor- End shuttering in wood, with
0,60 0,46
ner) site resources, height 2.65 m
Closure plate (longitudinal closure) 0,76 Longitudinal closure in wood, for walls,
0,21
Inside corner 90° 0,45 height 2.65 m
Inside corner, articulated 0,47 Install reinforcing rails, single and
0,20
double, l = 0.75 m
Filler for articulated corner 0,21
Tensioner, consisting of sleeve,
Formwork lock 0,03 DYWIDAG tensioning rod, 1 to 1.50 m, 0,19
2 wing nuts
Guide work times for framed formwork, heavy-duty Drive in plug 0,002
type, crane-lifted, multiple cycle: Panel height 2.65
to 2.70
Combination width Guide work times
[m] [h/pc.]
1,50 0,80
2,00 0,98
2,50 1,16
3,00 1,33
3,50 1,51
4,00 1,69
4,50 1,87
5,00 2,07

999450402 - 04/2011 7
The Formwork Experts
 Doka Knowledge Transfer Empirical values

Guide work times for circular form- Working scaffolds and protective
work systems scaffolds (lightweight)
The times listed here apply to forming up and stripping Basic times:
out, plus application of release agent, for panels up to
● Install suspension loops in about 0.05 h/pc.
a maximum height of 3.00 m.
● Craneage averaging 0.075 hour (4.5 minutes).
Guide work times for use of various circular form- Repositioning the working platforms takes 2 people,
work systems the crane and the crane operator.
Guide work times
[h/pc.] [h/m2]
Worked example for calculating work time, postu-
Framed formwork as tangential polygon
lating 20 platforms and 60 suspension loops
Number Work time Total time
Framed panels, width approx. 0.21 to
[pcs.] [h] [h]
0.75 to 1.35 m 0.27
Suspension loops 60 60 · 0,05 3,00
approx. 0.18 to
Wooden closure Crane cycles (crane and
0.20 20 20 · 0,075 1,50
operator)
Formwork tie approx. 0.20
Work time 2 workers 20 · 2 · 0,75 3,00
Comparison, forming time
approx. 0.48 Total time 7,50
all-inclusive
Large-area beam formwork
Panel width approx. 2.50 approx. 0.20 to Working scaffolds and protective
m, including formwork ties 0.25
Preassembly and subse- scaffolds (heavyweight)
quent disassembly of the approx. 0.80
panels Basic times:
Comparison, forming time ● Install and remove suspension shoe, stud or slot-in
approx. 1.05
all-inclusive (for one cycle) shoe in about 0.17 h/pc.
5 cycles (assembly appor- ● Install and remove site covers in about 0.15 h/pc.
approx. 0.40
tioned)
Flexible circular formwork systems
● Engage and disengage single bracket in about
0.10 h/pc.
Panel formwork approx. 0.20 to
including formwork ties 0.25 ● Craneage averaging 0.075 hour (4.5 minutes).
approx. 0.18 to Repositioning the working platforms takes 2 people,
Wooden closure
0.20 the crane and the crane operator.
Adjust to curvature approx. 0.15
Comparison, forming time Worked example of calculating work time, postulat-
approx. 0.45
all-inclusive (for one cycle) ing 18 folding platforms (3.00 and 4.50 m), 41 sus-
5 cycles approx. 0.33 pension shoes and 5 site covers.
Tie-less circular formwork Unit time Total time
Number Designation
Panel formwork, width approx. 0.15 to [h/pc.] [h]
approx. 2.70 m 0.18 41 Suspension shoes 0.17 6,97
Preassembly and subse- 18 Crane cycles 3 · 0,075 4,05
quent disassembly of the approx. 0.95 5 Site covers 0,15 0,75
panels
Total time, first cycle and subsequent cycles 11,77
Comparison, forming time
approx. 1.10
all-inclusive (for one cycle)
5 cycles (assembly appor-
approx. 0.37
tioned)

8 999450402 - 04/2011
The Formwork Experts
Doka Knowledge Transfer Empirical values

Reinforcement
Allowances for reinforcement Installation
Build-sequence planning is prepared prior to structural It is now common practice to outsource reinforcement
planning on most projects. Consequently, a rough esti- work to subcontractors. The time outlay has to be esti-
mate has to be included at this phase so that an allow- mated for build scheduling and so that progress by the
ance can be made for reinforcement work.. subcontractor can be monitored. The unit of measure
for reinforcement placement is hours per metric ton.
Rule of thumb The average diameter of the rebar is the critical factor
Rate determining how fast the reinforcement can be
Structural component
[kg/m3]
installed. Average diameter is calculated from average
Columns 100 - 150
weight per running metre.
Walls 50 - 100
Slabs 50 - 100 Rule of thumb:
High-rise cores approx. 150 Diameter Rate
Bridge towers approx. 300 [mm] [h/to]
An empirical threshold for structural engineering (wall 6-8 30 - 50
formwork) is 100 – 180 kg/m³ for reinforcement. 10 - 12 20 - 30
14 - 16 15 - 20
18 - 20 10 - 15
24 - 40 8 - 12
The figures listed above apply when single rebars are
handled. For prefabricated rebar cages it is safe to
assume that the figures can be doubled.
Approximation:
One man can install one metric ton of rebar in a
shift (8 – 10 hours)

A guide figure based on empirical values from various

projects in the structural engineering sector is 45 -
75 kg/h (13 - 22 h/metric ton). Conditions:
● Single rebars
● Allowance made for window and door openings
● Allowance made for other fittings

Rule of thumb for high-rise cores

Rate
Structural component
[h/to]
Single rebars 17
Prefabricated rebar cages 7

999450402 - 04/2011 9
The Formwork Experts
 Doka Knowledge Transfer Empirical values

Reinforcement installed with crane Guide values for calculating useful capacity of
tower cranes of various sizes
Crane or cycle times depend on the following site-spe- Lower- Slewing Crane
cific and crane-related factors: Lifting Runner
ing speed travelling
Size speed speed
speed [rota- speed
● Lifting height [m/min] [m/min]
[m/min] tion/min] [m/min]
● Lowering depth Small 30 80 1.0 40 40
● Slewing angle Medium 70 100 0.8 30 30
● Slewing, lifting and lowering speeds Large 150 150 0.6 16 20
● Load-attachment times/times for filling the concrete
Operating factor: Matrix as simplified key to gaug-
bucket
ing the factor
● Operating factor
Machine (preparation,
● ... age, condition Very good Good Medium Poor
These points have to be taken duly into account in cal- Very good 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7
culating exact cycle times. Good 0.9 0.81 0.72 0.63
Medium 0.8 0.72 0.64 0.56
Useful capacity in metric tons per hour [t/h] of an Poor 0.7 0.63 0.56 0.49
average tower slewing crane
Lifting height [m] Useful capacity [t/h]
10 24.16
20 21.90
30 20.00
40 18.32
50 16.93
60 15.74
70 14.70
80 13.80
90 13.00
100 12.28
Postulation:
Slewing angle: 180°
Lowering depth 5 m for each lift
Load lifted: 10 stock reinforcing mats AQ 70; 6 x 2.4 m; 6.04 kg/m²
Lifting speed: 75 m/min
Lowering speed: 100 m/min
Slewing speed: 0.8 U/min

Equation for useful capacity of tower cranes:

tS = tA + hH /vH + vD /2 + hS /vS + tA + hS /vH + vD /2 + hH /vS

LT = 60* . Lifting capacity/tS 94504-806-01

tS ... Cycle time

tA ... Time for slinging/unslinging load (for concreting: Filling and emp-
tying the bucket)
hH ... Lifting height
vH ... Lifting speed
vD ... Slewing speed/2, for a slewing angle of 180°
hS ... Lowering depth
vS ... Lowering speed
LT ... Useful capacity
60* ... Minutes/hour

10 999450402 - 04/2011
The Formwork Experts
Doka Knowledge Transfer Empirical values

Concrete placement
Placement rate Concrete mixers
Placement rates in m³/hour Capacities of truck mixers:
Info. Empirical ● 6 m3
Transported by Rule of thumb
contractor value
● 15 m3
Crane and bucket 10 8 - 15 10
Concrete pump 30 20 - 25 20
Conveyor belt 100 - - Truck mixer (6 m3)

94504-801

Truck mixer (15 m3)

94504-802

999450402 - 04/2011 11
The Formwork Experts
 Doka Knowledge Transfer Empirical values

Capacities
General Transport with container
Provision has to be made for unloading on site: Destination zones:
● Crane (from above) ● Middle East
● Forklift (side, from rear ● Far East
● Overseas
Transport by truck 20 ft container 40 ft container
Destination zone: Europe Length ≤ 5.90 m ≤ 12.00 m
Width ≤ 2.20 m ≤ 2.20 m
Articulated truck Abnormal load Height ≤ 2.20 m ≤ 2.00 m
Length ≤ 13.60 m > 13.60 m Payload ≤ 17 to 1) ≤ 26 to 1)
Width ≤ 2.45 m > 2.45 m 1) Varies from country to country, laws change frequently
Height ≤ 2.50 m > 2.50 m
Payload ≤ 24 to 24 - 39 to 1) Standard container
Complexity and addi-
tional costs:
● Approvals
Comment Standard ● Accompanying vehi-
cles
● Special traffic control
● Etc.
1) Varies from country to country, laws change frequently

Articulated truck (standard)

94504-804

Flat rack container

94504-803

94504-805

12 999450402 - 04/2011
The Formwork Experts
Doka Knowledge Transfer Empirical values

Annex
References
Literature:
● Doka internal
● Dopi tile, TOP50 formwork for Doka automatic climb-
ers (link in the "Empirical values" tile)
● Habison, R.: "Baubetriebslehre - Ausmaßermittlung,
Kostenschätzung, Baugerät, Organisation, Projekt-
management" (Construction economics – quantity
surveying, cost estimates, construction equipment,
organisation, project management), Manz Verlag,
1997
● "Schalungsatlas, Schalungssysteme und Einsatz in
der Praxis", (Formwork atlas, formwork systems and
use in practice) DI (FH) Peter Grupp, Verlag Bau +
Technik GmbH, 2009

999450402 - 04/2011 13
The Formwork Experts