Solution Brahmastra SMT-1 22-01-2023

Student's Solution Copy [CODE - 12045]
NEET PATTERN TEST Brahmastra Semi Major Test-01

13th NEET - Phase 11
KOTA
Date: 22-Jan-2023 Duration: 3 Hours 20 Mins Max Marks: 720
Biology - Section A
1. Answer: D 2. Answer: D
Sol: Sol:
Turnip has tap root to store food. Carrots Red algae or members of the class
also have tap root for storage of food. Rhodophyceae has floridean starch as
Banyan tree has prop roots for support. reserve food and have chlorophyll a and
Sweet potato has adventitious roots for d.
storage of food.
Hence, the correct option is "D" -
Presence of chlorophyll -d.
3. Answer: B 4. Answer: B
Sol: Sol:
Halophytes growing in saline soils show In bryophytes, sporic meiosis takes place.
It produces haploid spores and each
Vivipary which is in-situ seed germination
spore gives rise to gametophyte body
Pneumatophores for gaseous exchange
and also reproduce by sexual, and
Mesophytes are plants are terrestrial asexual methods like fragmentation,
plants which are adapted to neither a gemmae and budding.
particularly dry nor particularly wet
environment.
Psammophytes are plants that thrive in

shifting sands, primarily in deserts.
Hydrophytes are plants that have special

adaptations for living submerged in
water, or at the water's surface.
5. Answer: C 6. Answer: B
Sol:
Bryophytes comprise of three classes -

Hepaticae, Anthocerotae and Musci.
Liverworts belong to Hepaticae. They
have dorsiventrally flattened lobed plant
body with unicellular rhizoids.
Sol:
Offset is part of branch or stem by which

a plant can reproduce asexually and a
new daughter plant is formed. Offset are
the means of vegetative reproduction in
plants. These are the clones and
genetically identical to the plants. These
are produced by the mitotic division of
the main stem of the plant. For example-
eichhornia.
A creeping horizontal plant stem or

runner that takes root at points along its
length to form new plants. For example-
Argentina (silverweed), cynodon,
fragaria, and pilosella (hawkweeds),
zoysia japonica, ranunculus repens.
Runner is a fast growing stem that grows

on the surface of the soil. They develop
into a new plant. Suckers are the short
underground stem branches that arise
from the base of an aerial stem. These
branches can grow aerially and develop
adventitious roots and new suckers at
their bases. Hence, Eichhornia is the
example of offset.
7. Answer: A 8. Answer: B
Sol: Sol:
Sweet potato is a modification of Marchantia multiplies vegetatively by

adventitious roots. It gets swollen and fragmentation, progressive death of older
modified to store food. parts, adventitious branches and
gemmae. Gemmae are biscuit-shaped
Potato is a modification of an multicellular propagules which are borne
underground stem. It modified to store dorsally inside gemma cups. On
food. germination, each gemma gives rise to a
new thallus.
Sol:
Spores of Funaria germinate and gives

the juvenile filamentous stage called
protonema that can multiply by
vegetatitive means.
11. Answer: C 12. Answer: A
Sol: Sol:
Stem and branches are modified for A mature sporophyte produces spores by
photosynthesis are known as Phylloclade. meiosis, a process which reduces the
number of chromosomes to half, from 2n
Branches are modified to carry out to n. The haploid spores germinate and
photosynthesis are known as Cladodes grow into a haploid gametophyte. At
Petiole becomes flattened, green, leaf-like maturity, the gametophyte produces
and perform photosynthesis. gametes by mitosis, which does not alter
the number of chromosomes.
Small, brown, rounded lumps on your
plant's leaves and stems.
13. Answer: D 14. Answer: B

Sol: Sol:
In Alstonia, five or more leaves arises In moss capsule each sporophyte plant is
from each node, so it shows whorled composed of a capsule, i.e. the center of
phyllotaxy. The leaves are leathery, spore formation; a stalk; and a foot that
sessile, simple which are elliptical or attaches the sporophyte body to the tip
ovate or wedge shaped at the base. It is of the gametophyte. Eventually, the
used in traditional medicines. diploid spores are released and, upon
successful germination, grow into another
moss plant.
15. Answer: C 16. Answer: C
Sol: Sol:
In angiosperm seeds, there are two In Capsella, the germinated pollen grain
generations and three genotypic cells. We is the mature male gametophyte
can say that the embryo is the first consisting of three haploid nuclei two
generation and the seed as the second sperm nuclei and one tube nucleus with
generation. It is only the angiosperms surrounding cytoplasm all in a single
that produce fruits although both the cell.
angiosperms and the gymnosperms have
ovaries. Hence, the correct answer is three.
17. Answer: C 18. Answer: D
Sol: Sol:
According to Histogen Theory, the root Seeds which was first observed in
and shoot apices are distinguished into gymnosperms, it actually started in
three meristematic regions or three pteridophytes but they could not retain
layers of histogen cells. These are the female gametophyte completely on
Dermatogen, Periblem and Plerome. parent body and hence seed could not be
set. Gymnosperms and angiosperms as
● Dermatogen (outermost layer) gives they can produce seeds are collectively
rise to epidermis. called Spermatophytes.
● Periblem (middle layer) gives rise to
cortex and epidermis. A pteridophyte is a vascular plant (with
● Plerome (innermost layer) gives rise xylem and phloem) that disperses spores.
to vascular tissue including pith. Because pteridophytes produce neither
flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes
referred to as "cryptogams", meaning
that their means of reproduction is
hidden.
Angiosperms are vascular plants. They

have stems, roots, and leaves. Unlike
gymnosperms such as conifers and
cycads, angiosperm's seeds are found in
a flower. Hence, seed habit first
established in gymnosperms.
19. Answer: D 20. Answer: C
Sol:
In gymnosperm, the megaspore mother

cell is differentiated from one of the cells
of the nucellus. The nucellus is protected
by envelopes and the composite structure
is called an ovule. The ovules are borne
on megasporophylls which may be
clustered to form the female cones. The
megaspore mother cell divides meiotically
to form four megaspores.
So, the correct option is C.

Sol: Sol:
Bulliform cells or motor cells are large, The spermatophytes are the plants
bubble-shaped epidermal cells that occur bearing the seeds. They produced seeds
in groups on the upper surface of the and flowers as in gymnosperm and
leaves of many monocots. These cells are angiosperm. Ginkgo is a gymnosperm
present on the upper surface of the leaf. plant so it comes before angiosperms
They are generally present near the mid- plant pea. Acacia and sugarcane both are
vein portion of the leaf and are large, angiosperms. Pinus and Cycas both are
empty and colorless. They are involved in gymnosperms. Rhizopus is a fungus and
folding and unfolding of leaf tissue in Triticum (wheat) is an angiospermic
order to control light intensity and reduce plant.
overall water loss. Hence, the correct answer is Ginkgo,
Pisum.
23. Answer: B 24. Answer: D
Sol: Sol:
Protoxylem is the primary xylem that Largest egg, largest male gamete and
develops first during primary growth. largest ovule in the entire plant kingdom
Metaxylem is formed after the are found in Cycas. They are visible to
protoxylem during primary growth in the naked eye and are oval in form and top-
xylem. It grows before the maturation of shaped.
other plant organs. It grows after the
maturation of all plant organs and the
spiral and annular thickening in the
protoxylem takes place at the time of
elongation because protoxylem is the
primary xylem.
Sol: Sol:
Both dicot and monocot roots have radial The reasons for success and dominance
vascular bundles. From the roots to the of vascular plants on land are:
leaves, the xylem transports water and
minerals. The food that the leaves have ● Presence of deep, penetrating and
made is transported to various regions of wide spreading roots which anchor the
the plant through phloem. In this plant and also absorb water and mineral
vascular bundle, the xylem and phloem salts.
are present as patches and are on ● Covering of aerial parts with water
different radii. proofing material in living tissues.
● Occurrence of mechanical tissues to
provide support to aerial parts and to
allow them to rise to great heights.
Presence of a long distance transport
system in the form of vascular tissues.
Hence, the correct answer is all the
above.
Sol:
Bacteria include members that have

membrane lipids as diacylglycerol
diesters and eubacterial rRNA.
Bacteria structure is simple but its

organization is quite complex.
Bacterial structure is very simple, they

are very complex in behaviour.
Hence, the correct option is "B" -

Simple, complex.
Sol:
The radial vascular bundle is a simple

arrangement of the xylem and phloem
side by side on different radii and are
separated by non-conductive tissues.
These radial vascular bundles are the
characteristic feature of the root of both
dicots and monocots. In dicot root,
vascular bundles are radial and exarch.
Xylem and phloem are separate and
equal in number. The number of xylem
bundles is two to six (diarch to
hexarch). But
exceptionally, Ficus (Banyan tree) root is
polyarch.
Conjoint vascular bundles are present in

stems.
Radial, endarch vascular bundles are not

present in stem.
Conjoint, exarch vascular bundles are not

present in stem.
Hence, the correct answer is radial

exarch.
Sol: Sol:
Embryo of a seed is made up of The cell wall is the outermost layer that
meristematic tissue. The cells of this protects the cell from bursting and
tissue are undifferentiated and grow into swelling. So, if there is no cell wall there
different plant organs. So, the correct will be no barrier, the molecules can
option is A. move from outside to inside, and inside
to outside.
Cellulose, galactans, mannans &

CaCO3" made cell wall is present in
algae.
The cell wall in fungi is composed mainly

of glucans, chitin and glycoproteins.
Plant cell walls are primarily made of

cellulose.
some protists have cell walls composed

of polymers and some are made up of
cellulose.

Algae.
Sol:
Diatoms and golden algae are included in

Chrysophytes mostly found in both
(freshwater & marine environment).
The walls are indestructible and
embedded with silica.
Silica.
Sol:
The spring wood is lighter in colour and

has a lower density whereas the autumn
wood is darker and has a higher density.
Both the kinds of woods that appear as
alternate concentric rings, constitute an
annual ring.
In the spring season, cambium is very

active and produces a large number of
xylary elements having vessels with
wider cavities. The wood formed during
this season is called spring wood or early
wood. In winter, the cambium is less
active and forms fewer xylary elements
that have narrow vessels, and this wood
is called autumn wood or late wood.
33. Answer: D 34. Answer: A
Sol: Sol:
Cambium layer is actively dividing cells Mycoplasma are the simplest and the
between xylem and phloem tissues i.e. smallest of the free living prokaryotes.
responsible for the secondary growth of They are included under kingdom
stems and roots. Monera. It lacks a cell wall around their
cell membranes.
Hence, the correct answer is cambium
(Meristematic tissue). Hence, the correct option is "A" -
Monera.
35. Answer: B
Sol:
Mushroom is a protein rich food and has

been considered as the source of single
cell protein. These are easily digestible
and possess a high amount of amino
acids but lacks cholesterol.
Biofuel is derived from biomass i.e. plant

or algae material or animal waste.
Bioenergy is renewable energy produced

from organic matter such as plants,
which contain energy from sunlight
stored as chemical energy.
Biofertilizers are substances that contain

microorganisms, which when added to
the soil increase its fertility and promotes
plant growth.”
Biology - Section B
36. Answer: B
Sol:
The floral parts of a flower are arranged

on the thalamus in a ring like fashion
called whorls. The terminal part of pedicel
is called thalamus or receptacle. There
are 4 whorl of floral part present in a
typical flower i.e. calyx, corolla,
androecium and gynoecium. Calyx and
corolla are known as non – essential
whorls of a flower as they are directly
involved in the process of reduction.
Androecium and gynoecium are essential
whorls of the flower as they are directly
involved in the sexual reproduction of the
flower.
Mother axis is the branch that bears the

inflorescence or the flower. Root is the
vegetative structure that arises from the
radicle. Pedicel is the stalk that has
thalamus at the end. It bears the flowers.
It is attached to the mother axis.
Hence, the correct answer is Thalamus.
Sol:
Ustilago is a genus of approximately 200

smut fungi parasitic on grasses. In the
haplontic life cycle, the haploid stage is
multicellular and the diploid stage is a
single cellular. The zygote undergoes
meiosis to form haploid spores. Each
spore germinates (divide mitotically) to
form gametophyte. So the correct option
is D.

Sol: Sol:
Fungi depend on the dead and decaying

organic matter for their nutrition. They
have a nuclear membrane, hence are
eukaryotic without chlorophyll
(achlorophyllous).
They release enzymes that can break

down the organic matter, which is then
absorbed by them. So, they are
heterotrophic.
Hence, the correct option is "C" -

Fungi.
Sol: Sol:
Leaves are converted into tendrils for Fungi lack chlorophyll, i.e. they cannot
climbing as in peas or into spines for manufacture their food using sunlight and
defence as in cacti. water. They get nutrition from organic
material in the environment. Thus, they
The fleshy leaves of onion and garlic are heterotrophs.
store food.
Most fungi are heterotrophic and absorb
In some plants such as Australian acacia, soluble organic matter from dead
the leaves are small and short-lived. The substrates and hence are called
petioles in these plants expand, become saprophytes. Those that depend on living
green and synthesise food, the modified plants and animals are called parasites.
structure is known as phyllode.
Leaves of certain insectivorous plants

such as pitcher plant, venus-fly trap are
also modified leaves.
11 ncert page 71
Sol: Sol:
Aerenchyma is richly found in The sexual cycle of fungi involves the

Hydrophytes. It is basically a sponge and following three steps:
very light tissue that forms air or spaces
in stems, roots or leaves which then (i) Fusion of protoplasms between two
allows the exchange of various gases. motile or non-motile gametes called
The large air filled cavity inside it plasmogamy.
provides the internal resistance and (ii) Fusion of two nuclei called
pathway for the flow of gasses. karyogamy.
Mesophytes are the terrestrial plants that (iii) Meiosis in zygote resulting in haploid
live in an average supply of water and spores.
average temperature.
A halophyte is a salt-tolerant plant that

grows in soil or waters of high salinity,
coming into contact with saline water
through its roots or by salt spray, such as
in saline semi-deserts, mangrove
swamps, marshes and sloughs and
seashores.
Xerophytes are a type of extremophiles

that live in dry habitats such as deserts
etc. Hence, Aerenchyma is found in or
well developed in Hydrophytes.

Sol: Sol:
External protective tissues of A lichen is not a single organism; it is a

plants of dicot stem are Epidermis and stable symbiotic association between a
Cork. (1) During extrastellar secondary fungus and algae and/or cyanobacteria.
growth epidermis , pericycle ,
parenchyma or collenchyma cells acquire
secondary meristematic property by the
phenomenon of the de-differentiation and
is denoted as phellogen/cork cambium.
(2) Outer layer of the cambium lose their

protoplast and are dead.
(3 ) Cell walls become thick and they

constitute cork or phellem.
(3) The phelloderm, phellogen and

phellem together form the primary layer
for covering when the epidermis gets
damaged.
Sol:
Activity of lateral meristem, increase in

the circumference/girth of the plant
organs due to the formation of secondary
tissues in stellar & extra stellar regions is
called secondary growth. Cambium ring is
formed during initial stage and they are
present in stellar and cortical region in
secondary growth.
Hence, the correct answer is

development of cambium in stele and
in the cortical region.
49. Answer: B 50. Answer: A
Sol: Sol:
Taxonomy is the branch of science that Separate taxonomic keys are required for
deals with principles, rules and procedure each taxonomic category such as family,
of classification of organisms based on genus and species for identification
their similarities and dissimilarities. Since purposes.
identification and nomenclature is the
prerequisite Keys are generally analytical in nature.
for classification; the first step in Each statement in the key is called a
taxonomy is identification followed by lead.
nomenclature and then classification.
Key is another taxonomical aid used for
identification of plants and animals based
on the similarities and dissimilarities.
Biology - Section C
Sol: Sol:
11th NCERT Page No.: 58 The endoplasmic reticulum provides

additional mechanical support to the cell
by dividing the fluid content of the cell
into compartments so that its shape is
maintained.
Smooth ER enables glycogen that is

stored as granules to be broken down to
glucose.
It is also involved with lipid (fat)

manufacture and metabolism and steroid
production hormone production.
It also has a detoxification function.
Hence, the correct option is "4" - I,

III, & IV
53. Answer: A 54. Answer: C
Sol: Sol:
Simple ciliated is the epithelial layer A ligase is an enzyme that can catalyze
having numerous delicate hair-like the joining (ligation) of two large
outgrowths called cilia. It is of 2 types- molecules by forming a new chemical
ciliated cuboidal and ciliated columnar. bond.
Ciliated columnar epithelium lines the Isomerase, is a class of enzymes that
respiratory tract, fallopian tube, etc. It catalyze reactions involving a structural
provides protection and helps in rearrangement of a molecule.
movement of mucus, urine, egg cells, csf
in particular direction. Transferases are enzymes that catalyze
the transfer of a group of atoms, such as
amine, carboxyl, carbonyl etc.
a Lyase is an enzyme that catalyzes the

breaking (an elimination reaction) of
various chemical bonds.
Hence the correct option is C
Transitional epithelium lines the ureter,

intestine is lined by simple columnar
while simple squamous is present in nasal
chamber.
Sol:
Hooks and suckers are present in the

parasitic form of flat worms because it
helps the worm to attach to the intestines
of an animal host and some of them
absorb nutrients from the host directly
through their body surface. Assertion is
true but the reason is False. So, the
correct option is C.
Sol:
Mesosome is an extension of the cell

membrane presence in cytoplasm as
infolding and serves to increases surface
area in photosynthetic prokaryotes,
cyanobacteria, wherein it carries the
photosynthetic pigments. Mesosomes
serve in DNA replication and guide
distribution of duplicated bacterial
chromosomes into the two daughter cells
during cell division. They also carry the
enzymes for aerobic respiration and
increase the surface area for the same.
So, the correct option is C.
Sol: Sol:
The outer ear consists of the visible Arachidonic acid is actually the chemical
portion on the side of the head, known as messenger first released by your muscles
the pinna. It is made up of cartilage. during intense weight training, controlling
Cartilage is the main type of connective the core physiological response to
tissue seen throughout the body. It exercise and regulating the intensity of all
serves a variety of structural and growth signals to follow. Arachidonic acid
functional purposes and exists in different contains 20 carbons. It is a
types throughout our joints, bones, polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid
spine, lungs, ears and nose. found in phospholipid of the membrane of
cells liver, brain, and muscles.
A bone is a rigid tissue that constitutes
part of the vertebrate skeleton in Hence, the correct answer is 20 carbons
animals. including carboxyl carbon.
A tendon is a tough band of fibrous

connective tissue that connects muscle to
bone and is capable of withstanding
tension.
A ligament is the fibrous connective

tissue that connects bones to other
bones. Hence, the pinna is made up of
cartilage.
Sol: Sol:
NCERT pg No-58.59,60 The plasma membrane or Cytoplasmic

membrane is situated beneath the cell
wall. The composition of the cell
membrane is:-
1)Proteins(20-70%)
2)Lipids(28-80%)
3)Oligosaccharides(1-5%)
4)Water(20%)
So, Carbohydrates are the third main

component of the plasma membrane.
The statement that states that

carbohydrates are never found in the
plasma membrane is not correct.
Hence, the correct option is "D".

Sol: Sol:
Special Characteristics of Epithelial Collagen is the major insoluble

tissues that distinguish them from other fibrous protein in the extracellular
tissue types matrix and in connective tissue. In fact, it
is the single most abundant protein in
1. Cellularity. the animal kingdom.
2. Specialized contacts. Rubisco is responsible for the vast
3. Polarity. majority of global carbon fixation and has
been claimed to be the most abundant
4. Support by connective tissue. protein on Earth.
5. Avascular but innervated. Keratin is particularly rich in cysteine,

which forms disulfide bonds between
6. Regeneration. Epithelial tissue has a molecules, adding rigidity and resistance
high regenerative capacity. Some to the entire structure, found in hair.
epithelia are exposed to friction, and their
surface cells rub off. Others are destroyed
by hostile substances in the external
environment such as bacteria, acids, and
smoke. As long as epithelial cells receive
adequate nutrition, they can replace lost
cells quickly by mitosis, cell division.
Sol: Sol:
A network of tubules spread in the Adipose tissue is a type of loose

cytoplasm is known as the endoplasmic connective tissue located mainly beneath
reticulum, or ER. The lumen is the area the skin and mainfunction is to store fats.
inside the ER, and the extra lumen is the
area outside the lumen. Rough ER and In given figure A is fat storage area, B is
smooth ER are the two types of ER. nucleus and C is plasma membrane.
Rough ER is covered by ribosomes,
whereas smooth ER does not contain
ribosomes. They help in protein
synthesis.
Thus right answer is option D.

Sol: Sol:
Some animals show radial symmetry, Arachidonic acid is a non-essential

that means, any plane passing through fatty acid. It is present in
the central axis of the body will divide the the phospholipids and helps in the
body into two equal halves. formation of membranes. It is not
considered an essential fatty acid as it
Example Cniderians (Obelia) and can be easily formed by the conversion
Echinodermata (Echinus). of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid. It is
All others shows bilateral symmetry. the most abundant fatty acid in the brain.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Thus right answer is A. (PUFAs) are fatty acids that contain
more than one double bond in their
backbone. This class includes many
important compounds, such as essential
fatty acids and those that give drying oils
their characteristic properties.
Sol:
The reactions are of two types:-
1) Exothermic reaction- When the

energy is released in the vicinity thereby
increasing the temperature of the
surroundings, but in this reaction, the
transition is more stable.
2) Endothermic reaction- When the

energy is absorbed from the
surroundings, but this reaction does not
favor the table transition.
In the given figure, A represents the

curve that shows the presence of an
enzyme and B represents the curve that
shows the absence of an enzyme.
As enzymes are those biocatalysts that

can stabilize the reaction together by
accelerating it.
Hence, the correct answer is an

option "B".

Sol: Sol:
Connective tissues are most abundant

and widely distributed in the body of
complex animals. They are named
connective tissues because of their
special function of linking and supporting
other tissues/organs of the body.
Nervous tissue exerts the greatest control

over the body’s responsiveness to
changing conditions. Neurons, the unit of
neural system are excitable cells. Muscle
Tissue, each muscle is made of many
long, cylindrical fibres arranged in parallel
arrays. Epithelial Tissue has a free
surface, which faces either a body fluid or
the outside environment and thus
The electron transport chain is the last provides a covering or a lining for some
component of aerobic respiration and is part of the body.
the only part of glucose metabolism that
uses atmospheric oxygen. During cellular So, the correct answer is connective
respiration, organic compounds are tissue.
oxidized to generate usable chemical
energy in the form of ATP. The respiratory
electron transport chain (ETC) of
mitochondria is at the center of this
process. ETC couples electron transfer
from organic substrates into molecular
oxygen with proton translocation across
the inner mitochondrial membrane. The
resulting proton gradient is used by the
ATP synthase complex for ATP formation.
71. Answer: A 72. Answer: D
Sol:
In a polypeptide or a protein, amino acids

are linked by a peptide bond, which is
formed when the carboxyl (-COOH) group
of one amino acid reacts with the amino
(-NH2) group of the next amino acid,
resulting in the elimination of a water
moiety (the process is called
dehydration).

Sol:
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a positive-

sense single-stranded RNA virus species
in the genus Tobamovirus that infects a
wide range of plants, especially tobacco
and other members of the family
Solanaceae. The capsid of the TMV is
made up of proteins, these are devoid of
DNA.The infection causes characteristic
patterns, such as "mosaic"-like mottling
and discoloration on the leaves.
The correct answer is option (D)
75. Answer: B 76. Answer: C
Sol: Sol:
11th NCERT Page No.: 50, 51, 53 Mitochondria are organelles typically
ranging in size from 0.5 micrometers to 1
micrometer in length and found in the
cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Sol:
Methionine, cysteine, homocysteine,

and taurine are the most common
sulphur containing amino acid. Cystine is
a sulfur-containing amino acid obtained
by the oxidation of two cysteine
molecules which are then linked via a
disulfide bond. Glycine is an amino
acid that has a single hydrogen atom
as its side chain. It is the simplest stable
amino acid (carbamic acid is
unstable), with the chemical formula
NH2‐CH2‐COOH.
Sol:
The interphase of a typical cell cycle

comprises of G, phase S phase and G2
phase. The s phase stands for synthesis
phase in which DNA replication occurs
followed by synthesis of histones.
Sol:
The smallest organelle in the cell is

the ribosome. The diameter of
the ribosome is about 20 nm. They
are composed of two subunits, the large
and the small subunit, both of
which consist of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
molecules and a variable number of
ribosomal proteins. They exist as free
structures that float throughout
the cytoplasm of the cell i.e,
they do not have membranes
All prokaryotes have 70S (where

S=Svedberg units) ribosomes while
eukaryotes contain larger 80S ribosomes
in their cytosol.
Sol: Sol:
S or synthesis phase marks the period Telophase is the stage that shows the
during which DNA synthesis or replication following key events: (1) Chromosomes
takes place. During the G2 phase, cluster at opposite spindle poles, and
proteins are synthesised in preparation their identity as discrete elements is lost.
for mitosis while cell growth continues. (2) The nuclear envelope assembles
G1 phase corresponds to the interval around the chromosome clusters. (3)
between mitosis and initiation of DNA nucleolus, golgi complex, and ER reform.
replication. These cells that do not divide
further exit G1 phase to enter an inactive
stage called quiescent stage (G0) of the
cell cycle.

Sol: Sol:
Anaphase stage is characterized by the During the pachytene stage, the four
following key events: chromatids of each bivalent
chromosome become distinct and clearly
• Centromeres split into two and appear as tetrads. This stage is
chromatids separate. characterized by the appearance of
• Chromatids move to opposite poles. recombination nodules, the sites at
which crossing occurs between non-
During prophase, chromosomes are seen sister chromatids of the homologous
to be composed of two chromatids chromosomes. "Crossing over" is the
attached together at the centromere. exchange of genetic material between
two homologous chromosomes.
Crossing over is also an enzyme-
mediated process, and the enzyme
involved is called recombinase.
Crossing over leads to the
recombination of genetic material on the
two chromosomes. The completion of
pachytene completes recombination
between homologous chromosomes,
leaving the chromosomes linked at the
crossing over sites.
85. Answer: A
Sol:
Prophase I, The prophase of the first

meiotic division is typically the longest
phase of meiosis. It has been further
subdivided into the following five phases
based on chromosomal behavior, i.e.,
leptotene, zygotene, pachytene,
diplotene, and diakinesis.
Biology - Section D
86. Answer: B
Sol:
Different types of epithelial cell junctions

are:-
1) Desmosomes ( Semi or full).
2) Gap junctions
3) Tight junctions
4) Adheren points.
GAP JUNCTION:- These junctions connect

cells with one another for transporting
molecules directly into the other cell
without moving from the extracellular
fluid. These gap junctions are useful at
the time of embryonic development, this
is the time when every cell should
communicate with each other in order to
develop fully at the right time. If these
are blocked, embryos will not develop
normally.
TIGHT JUNCTION - These junctions are

narrow junctions that prevent solute
leakage and seal the epithelial cells in
between.
ADHERING JUNCTION - These are cell

adhesion complexes that help in
maintaining the structural support
against harsh and changing environments
against the biogeochemical changes.
Hence, the correct answer is option

"A" - I (c), II (b), III (a).
Sol:
[XI NCERT Page No. 103]

Sol:
The allosteric term is defined as

different steric conformations or the
occurrence of more than one shape.
Allosteric modulators bind to a site
different from the active site and bring
about changes in the shape or
conformation of the enzyme molecule.
The change in shape can either activate
or inhibit the enzyme's activity. An
allosteric inhibitor will bind to the
allosteric site and bring about
conformational changes to reduce the
enzyme activity.
A competitive inhibitor is one that

resembles the normal substrate, binds
to the enzyme, usually at the active
site, and prevents the substrate from
binding.
A coenzyme is an organic, non-protein

compound that binds with an enzyme to
catalyse a reaction.
Sol:
Enzymes are simple if they are made up

of only proteins, e.g., pepsin,
amylase, etc., while conjugate enzymes
have an additional non-protein cofactor,
e.g., dehydrogenase enzymes. The
cofactor can be organic or inorganic.
Loosely attached organic cofactors are
called coenzymes, e.g., NAD, FAD, etc.,
while firmly attached ones are called
prosthetic groups, e.g., haeme,
biotin, etc. The protein part of conjugate
enzymes is known as apoenzyme, while
the whole enzyme is called holoenzyme.
Sol:
Animal are classified on the basis of

symmetry of body plan and germ layers if
the body plan is made up of three germ
layers called as triploblastic and if it
made up of two germ layers called as
diploblastic. Ctenophores are biradially
symmetrical and diploblastic,
Annelida is tribloblastic,coelomate,
metameric segmentation is present in
them.Eg are-nereis,bombyx
Thus the right answer is option D.

Sol:
A reversible form of regulation is known

as allosteric regulation, where a
regulatory molecule binds reversibly to
the protein, altering its conformation,
which in turn alters the protein's
structure, its location within the cell, its
activity, and its half-life. Such allosteric
effectors are not covalently attached to
the protein, and their interactions are
reversible and influenced by thermal
factors and concentration. Allosteric
regulators can act either positively or
negatively. The nature of such factors is
broad; they can be a small molecule or
another protein. What is important is that
the allosteric binding site is distinct from
the enzyme's catalytic site. In fact,
allosteric means "other site." Because
allosteric regulators do not bind to the
same site on the protein as the substrate,
changing the substrate concentration
generally does not alter their effects.
Sol: Sol:
Retiles and amphibian both are oviparous All chordates are divided into three
animal but mammal show viviparity. subphylum – Urochordata,
Cephalochordata and Vertebrata. In
subphylum Vertebrata, notochord is
replaced by bony or cartilaginous
vertebral column in adults. Therefore,
all vertebrates are chordates but all
chordates are not vertebrates.
Sol: Sol:
The nuclear envelope consists of two lipid The centromere is the lighter-staining
belayed membranes, an inner nuclear region on the chromosome of a cell that
membrane & an outer nuclear appears as a constriction. They are also
membrane. The space between the known as kinetochores or primary
membranes is called the pronuclear constrictions. The kinetochore is a
space. It is usually about 20–40 nm wide. proteinaceous structure that assembles
The cytosol and organelles together at the surface of the centromere, which
compose the cell's cytoplasm. Most forms the site for binding of spindle fibers
organelles are surrounded by a lipid during cell division.
membrane similar to the cell membrane
of the cell. So, the correct answer is "surface of
Polymorphic refers to many forms of a centromere."
particular trait/entity/genetic variant.
Lysosomes can exist in a cell in more
than one form. Hence they are known as
polymorphic cellular organelles.
Dictyosomes are small Golgi complexes
scattered throughout the cytoplasm
present in the invertebrates and plant
cells. It is especially extensive in the
secretory cells.

Sol: Sol:
S- phase comes in between the G1 and So total number of divisions would always
G2 phase of cell cycle. It marks the be n-1 where n= total number of cells to
period during which DNA synthesis or be produced starting with one cell.
replication takes place. During this time You will require 127 mitotic divisions to
the amount of DNA per cell doubles. If occur to produce 128 cells .First mitotic
the initial amount of DNA is denoted as division would form two daughter cell.
2C then it increases to 4C. However, Each of these two daughter cells then
there is no increase in the chromosome undergoes division to form four cells after
number; if the cell had diploid or 2n 1+2=3 divisions. Four daughter cells then
number of chromosomes at G1, even form 8 cells after 1+2+4=7 divisions and
after S phase the number of so on.
chromosomes remains the same, i.e., 2n.
Sol: Sol:
Given diagram represent transition to

Metaphase (mitosis).
By this stage, condensation of

chromosomes is completed and they can
be observed clearly under the
microscope. At this stage, metaphase
chromosome is made up of two sister
chromatids, which are held together by
the centromere. Small disc-shaped
Prophase is marked by the initiation of structures at the surface of the
condensation of chromosomal material. centromeres are called kinetochores.
Chromosomal material condenses to form These structures serve as the sites of
compact mitotic chromosomes. attachment of spindle fibres (formed by
Chromosomes are seen to be composed the spindle fibres) to the chromosomes
of two chromatids attached together at that are moved into position at the centre
the centromere. Centrosome which had of the cell.
undergone duplication during interphase,
begins to move towards opposite poles of
the cell.
Cells at the end of prophase, when

viewed under the microscope, do not
show Golgi complexes, endoplasmic
reticulum, nucleolus and the nuclear
envelope
Physics - Section A
Sol: Sol:
The necessary centripetal force required Find dimension in all options.

for a planet to move around the sun
Torque = M1L2T–2
= Gravitational force exerted on it
surface tension = M1T–2
So, =
2
mv GMe m
Viscosity = M1L–1T–1
n
R R
1/2
or, v = ( stress = M1L–1T–2

GMe
)
Rn−1
Therefore, the correct answer is (D)

as T = 2πR
1/2
= 2πR×(
n−1
R
)
GMe
So, T =
n+1
( )
2
R
2π [ ]
1/2
(GMe )
∴ T ∝ R(n+1)/2
Therefore, the correct answer is (A)
Sol: Sol:
ΔR
× 100 = 2(%a) +
1
(%b) + 4(%c) + (%d) Let gravitation field is zero at P as shown
in figure.
R 2
1
= 2 × 0. 1 + × 0. 2 + 4 × 0. 3 + 0. 4
=
2
Gm 4 Gm
∴ x2 2
= 1. 9% (r–x)

⇒ 4x2 = (r – x2)
⇒ 2x = r – x ⇒ x= r
∴ VP = – –
Gm G(4m)
x r–x
=– 3Gm
r
– 6 Gm
= – 9 Gm
Therefore, Correct option is (D).
Sol:
Given:
10(at + 3)
⇒ at +3 = constant number
⇒ at = number
⇒a= C
T
[c = constant]
⇒ a = [T –1]
Sol:
gearth = GM
R
2
gmars = GMmars
2
(Rmars )
Mmars = 0.1M
Rmars = 0.5 R
∴ gmars = =
G(0.1M) 0.1 GM
2 2
(0.5R) 0.25 R
gmars = 0.4 GM
R
2
gmars = 0.4 gearth
Therefore, the correct answer is (D)
107. Answer: A 108. Answer: A
Sol: Sol:
A unitless quantity never has a nonzero For projectile,

dimension or unit less quantity never has
uy = u1 sin 60°
a dimension
ux = u1 cos 60°
Ex. Strain =
Change in length
Original length
for u2,
It has no unit and dimension → M0L0T0 uy = u2
Therefore, the correct answer is (A) To Collide,
t1 = t2 , H1 = H2
1 2
∴ H = ut– gt
2
u1 1 2
= =
u2 sin 60° √3
Sol:
g= GM
R
2
M = ρv = 4
3
π R3.ρ
4 3
G( πR ρ)
g=
3
R2
g= 4
3
πρGR
g ∝ R
So
g' = 3g
Therefore, the correct answer is (A)

Sol: Sol:
Here, particle "A" follows "B", "B" follows

"C" and "C" follows "A". The direction of
V1 + V2 =
16
10
=
8
5
m/s ....(1) motion of each particle keeps changing as
motion of each particle is always directed
V1 − V2 =
3
5
....(2) towards other particle. The situation after
a time "t" is shown in the figure with a
(1) + (2) possible outline of path followed by the
2V1 =
11
11
− V2 =
3 particles before they meet.
5 10 5
V = V
1
11
10
2 =
11
10
−
6
10
=
5
10
=
1

11 1
V1 = , V2 =
10 2
Therefore, the correct answer is (C)
This problem appears to be complex as

the path of motion is difficult to be
defined. But, it has a simple solution in
component analysis. Let us consider the
pair "A" and "B". The initial component of
velocities in the direction of line joining
the initial position of the two particles is
"v" and "vcosq" as shown in the figure
here :
The component velocities are directed towards

eachother. Now, considering the linear (one
dimensional) motion in the direction of AB, the
relative velocity of "A" with respect to "B" is :
vAB = vA – vB
vAB = v – (– v cos θ) = v + vcosθ
In equilateral triangle, θ = 60°
vAB = v + vcos60° = v + = v 3v
2 2
The time taken to cover the displacement "a"

i.e. the side of the triangle
t =
2a
3v
Sol:
When a body is sliding on a rough

horizontal surface, the force of friction
acts in the direction opposite to the
direction of motion.
Hence, force and displacement are in

opposite direction.
Therefore, work done by the force of

friction on a body sliding on a rough
surface is negative.
Sol:
Friction opposes the relative motion

between two surfaces. So the statement
D is true.
When the body is moving then the

friction acting is called sliding friction. So
statement C is true.
Friction in machines wastes energy and

also causes wear and tear. Statement B is
also correct.
In the case of rolling motion, there is no

relative motion between the two contact
surfaces. So there is no work done by the
friction in a rolling motion. That's why the
rolling friction is less than the
sliding/kinetic friction. So statement A is
not true.
Sol: Sol:
1 1 √3
Fmin = mgsinθ + μmg cosθ =mg ( + × )
2 2 2
mg 1.73
= (1 + )
2 2
m
= × 10(1. 865)
2
= 9.32 m N
F=μN
= μ (mα)
⇒ μmα ≥ mg
g
α ≥
μ
So option (D) is correct
Sol: Sol:
Particle's angular velocity is constant. The motion of the body has constant
hence their speed is constant then kinetic kinetic energy.
energy will also constant.
After and its direction is changing hence

linear velocity is variable.
Tangential acceleration change the speed

of the particle and its speed is consant
hence tangential acceleration is 0 then
net acceleration is along the centre so,
velocity is perpendicular to net
acceleration
Sol:
T1 cosθ1
= √
T2 cosθ2
Sol:
r×2π 0.06×2π
v = rω = = = 6. 28 mm /s
T 60
Magnitude of change in velocity

→ →
∣ ∣
= v − v 1
∣ 2 ∣
√v
2
1
+ v
2
2
= 8. 88 mm /s (As
v1 = v2 = 6. 28 mm / s )
Sol: Sol:
The force exerted towards the centre is ∣−−

→∣
∣
−→ →
∣
∣ΔV∣ = ∣Vf – Vi ∣ = 2v
centripetal force ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
2
mv
F =
r
If velocity is doubles then v beocmes 2v.
So force will becomes four times.
Therefore, the correct answer is (C).
Sol: Sol:
Friction force provide the necessary Maximum force of friction = centripetal

centripetal force force
2 2
mv 2 100×(9)
μN = mv
r = = 270N
r 30
∵ N = mg
v = √μrg
Substituting the values, we get
v = √. 64 × 20 × 10
v = 8×1.41= 11.2 m/s
Therefore, the correct answer is (A).
Sol: Sol:
For smooth driving maximum speed of centripetel accerleration = deacceleration

car v then due to friction
= μg
2 2
mv v
= μS Rg
R R
v = √μs Rg v = √μgr = √0 .5 ×9 .8 ×40 = √196 = 14m/s
Sol: Sol:
1 2 1 2
Wperson = mg l (cos 37°– cos 53°) mv – mv
2 2
= 100 J 1 2 2
m [(100) – (500) ]
2
1 2 1
m × (100) (1– )
2 4
3
= 5 × 500 ×
4
7500
=
4
= 1875

Sol: Sol:
∣−−
→∣
∣
→ →
∣
ν = √2 gh, ∣ΔP ∣ = ∣Pf – Pi ∣
Alternative solution :-
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣
when can moving with speed 40km/hr.

∣−−
→∣
∣ΔP ∣ = mν
∣ ∣ it stops at distance = 2m.
using equation of motion
v2 = u2+2as
(0)2 = (40)2+2(–a)(2)
As we apply breaks.
40×40
a = = 400
4
So when car is moving with speed =

80km/hr.
it stop at minimum distance = S.(Let)
So (v)2 = u2 + 2as
(0)2 = (80)2+2(–400)S
80×80
S = = 8m.
2×400
Sol: Sol:
1st Method Given that,
By the conservation of energy We have
Potential energy of water = kinetic 1
2
kS
2
= 10 J
energy at turbine
1 2 2
k [(2S) − (S) ]
2
mgh = mv ⇒ v =
1
2
√2 gh = 2
√2 × 9 .8 ×19 .6 = 19.6 m/s 1 2

= 3 × kS
2
2nd Method = 3 × 10 = 30 J
As the water falls freely from a height of Option (A) is correct

19.6 m, so the velocity of water at the
turbine is
v = √2 gh = √2 × 9 .8 ×19 .6 = 19.6 m/s
Sol:
m(a)+m(a)+0+m(−a)
Ycom =
6m+4m
ma a
= =
10m 10
Sol:
As per the given data,

We know that,
Always gravitational potential energy due
to its position on height of object.
Whereas, Kinetic energy depend on
velocity of object.
It is given by
P. E = mgh
1 2
K. E = mv
2
So,
By applying force we can increase
velocity of object and height also.
so when work done by external
force Both kinetic and potential
energies may increase
Hence, Option(C) is correct
135. Answer: C
Sol:
Centre of mass of uniform semi-circular

disc is at 4R
3π
Centre of mass of uniform semi-circular

ring is at 2R
Centre of mass of solid semi-sphere is at

3R
Centre of mass of hemisphere shell is at

R
C T H R S D
h h R 2R 3R 4R
4 3 2 π 8 3π
Physics - Section B
136. Answer: C
Sol:
Y = AB
ΔY ΔA ΔB
= +
Y A B
ΔY 0.01 0.01
= + = 0. 015
Y 2 1
2
Δ Y = 0. 03 cm
2
and Y = 2. 00 cm
2
[AB] = 2. 00 ± 0. 03 cm
Sol: Sol:
Orbital radius of satellites r1 = R+R=2R Apply kepler's law of area for planetary
motion
r2= R+7R=8R
The line joining the sun to the planet
As potential energy = U, Kinetic energy = sweeps out equal areas in equal time i.e.
K, Total energy = E area velocity is constant
dA
= constant
dt
U = −
GMm
& U2 =
GMm
or A1/t1 = A2/t2

1 r1 r2
K 1 =
GMm
2r1
& K2 =
GMm
2r2 t1 =
A1
t2
A2
E GMm
& GMm
given A1 = 2A2
1 = E2 =
2r1 2r2
t1=2t2
U1 K1 E1
= = = 4
U2 K2 E2
Therefore, the correct answer is (A). Therefore, the correct answer is (D)
Sol: Sol:
As per the data, As per the given data,
The center of mass is given as :

We know that, −−→
m1 r1 +m2 r2
Rcm =
The centre of mass from the base of
m1 +m2
By substituting the given values, we get :

hemisphere is given as
−−→
3 Rcm = −2 i − j + k
COM = R
8
Thus,
Given R=16 cm
Option(C) is correct
By substituting the value of radius in the
above equation we get
3
COM = ×16 = 6 cm
8
Hence, the position of COM(Center of

mass) is 6 cm
Option(B) is correct

Sol: Sol:
|rcm | = ∣
∣
M1 x1 −M2 x2
M1 –M2
∣
∣
Moment of inertia in rotational motion is
the rotational analogue of mass in linear
motion.
M 3R
∣ M x 0−( × ) ∣
|rcm | = ∣
∣
16 4
∣ M–M/16 ∣
∣ ∣
= ∣∣
−3 MR /64
∣
15M/16 ∣
= R
20
Sol: Sol:
k =
l
Here, we apply theorem of parallel axis
√2
moment of inertia of Red length L

I0
about its axis
IB moment of inertia of Rod at its end

2
L
IB = I0 + M( )
2
2
ML
IB = I0 +
4
Sol:
1 2 2
K. E. = Iω ⇒ K. E. ∝ ω
2
KEf −KEi
% increase K. E. = × 100
KEi
2 2
5 −4
= 2
× 100
4
9
= × 100 = 56%
16
Sol: Sol:
We know that I = mK2 Shell Solid
m= mass of the disc M
4
M
k = radius of gyration M.I M.I

2 2
For solid sphere

(R –R )
outer inner
Inet = m ×
2
2 2
= 0. 1 ×
(0.2 –0.1 )
= 2. 5 × 10
–3
IS = 2
5
MRs
2
For hollow sphere
IH = = 2
3
(
M
4
)R
2
IS = IH
2 2 2 M 2
MRs = ( )R
5 3 4 H
2
RS 5
( ) = ( )
RH 12
RH 12
= √
RS 5

Sol: Sol:
From perpendicular Axis theorem :-
Ix = Iy + Iz
Moment of inertia about z-axis = Izz

Moment of inertia about y-axis = Iyy
Moment of inertia about x-axis = Ixx
Izz = Ixx + Iyy ...(1)

Here moment of inertia about x and y
axis will be same
Izz = I
from equation (1)
I = 2Ixx
Ixx = I
Therefore the correct option (B)

Chemistry - Section A
Sol: Sol:
(A) According to the graphical We know, Energy (E) = hυ ⇒ E ∝ υ
representation of the Aufbau principle.

It is based on the electronic configuration So, Hight energy difference will be
of elements and contains 118 elements. highest frequency of emission.
There are 7 periods and 18 groups.
ΔE = 13 .6 ×Z
2
(
1
2
−
1
2
) {For H-atom
n n
(B) Elements belonging to the same

1 2
Z = 1}
period have same no. of the shell as the
electrons are added in the same shell of (1) n = 2 to n = 1
the element. No. of valence shell
electrons in a period are same.
1 1 3
ΔE = 13 .6 ( 2
− 2
) = 13 .6 × = 10 .2 eV
1 2 4
(C) Third group of the periodic table (2) n = 3 to n = 2

accommodates a maximum of 32
elements. ΔE = 13 .6 ( 1
2
−
1
2
) = 13 .6 ×
5
= 1 .88 eV
2 3 36
(D) Lanthanide are placed in 6th period

(3) n = 4 to n = 3
after La and Actinides are placed in 7th
period after Ac in same group. 1 1 7
ΔE = 13 .6 ( − ) = 13 .6 × = 0 .66 eV
2 2 144
3 6
Therefore, the correct answer is (B).

(4) n = 6 to n = 4
Δ E = 13.6 (
1
2
–
1
2
) = 13.6×20
576
= 0.47 eV
4 6
Sol: Sol:
N → 2nd Period S, Cl is 3rd Period br → 4

period]
3 – Hydroxy propanenitrile
Sol: Sol:
We know that -
Energy of an electron ,E = −E∘
n
2
Given that -
The ionization potential of the hydrogen

atom is −13.6 eV
For energy level, n = 2

−13.6
E = 2
= −3. 4 eV
(2)
Therefore, the correct answer is (A).
Sol:
ns1-2(n−1)d1-10 where n = 2,3....

Sol:
1 2 3 4
For structure CH 3 − CH − CH − CH3

| |
OH CH3
Alcoholic group is present as principal

functional group so ol is used in suffix,
numbering is done such that -OH group
gets minimum number. So, name of
compound should be 3-methyl–2–
butanol.
Sol: Sol:
Fact [H = 1s1]
Sol: Sol:
No. of e −
= 17 Alkanals contains aldehydic groups. The
general formula of their homologous
E.C. −2, 8, 7 series is CnH2nO.
For valency shell Therefore, the correct answer is (C)
E.C. = 3s 2
3p
5
no. of orbitals contain e– pairs = 3
Sol: Sol:
Second ionisaton potential Given = ℓ = 1

No. of paired e–
=?

The electronic configuration of 'P' atom Ps

1s 2s , 2p , 3s , 3p3
2 2 6 2
2p6
=
From this, paired electron= 1
Sol: Sol:
In option B, coaxial overlap (along the

internuclear axis) occurs which results in
the formation of a sigma bond.
Therefore, the correct option is (B)
Sol:
Fact
Sol:
The IUPAC name of
is 2-ethanoyloxy benzoic acid.
Sol: Sol:
Molecule Bond order

1. N 2 3
2.
+
N 2. 5
2
3. NO 2. 5
4.
+
NO 3. 0
5. O 2 2. 0
6.
+
O 2. 5
2
Bond dissociation energy α B. O.
Bondlength α 1
B.O.
Sol: Sol:
rgas = 1
6
rH
2
rgas MH
2
= √
rH Mgas
2
1
rH
2
6 2
= √
rH Mgas
2
1 2
= √
6 Mgas
1 2
=
36 Mgas
4− bromo −5− methoxy −2− cyclohexene

Mgas = 72 carboxylic acid.
− COOH is main functional group.
therefore the correct answer is (C).
Sol:
VSEPR theory states that two pairs
are there on oxygen and two hydrogen

bonds are there. And there is only one
lone pair on nitrogen in NH3. Acc to
VSEPR, lone pair lone pair repulsion is
greater than lone pair bond pair which is
greater than bond pair- bond pair
repulsion.

Sol:
– – –
3I2 + 6 OH → IO + 5I + 3H2 O
3
x = 3
y = 6
Z = 5
OR Given Reaction

- - -
xI2 +yOH → IO +zI +3H2 O
3
In balancing the chemical reaction the

no. of all atom in right side should be
equal to the left side of the reaction.
Step (1) Assign oxidation no. of each

atoms in the equation
- - -
I2 +OH → IO + I + 3H2 O
3
0 +5 −1
(2)Identify the atoms that are oxidized

and those that are reduced.
Reduction → I2 → I
−
Oxidation → I 2 → IO

−
(3) Balance charges
Reduction :- I2 + 2e
−
→ 2I
–
Gain of 2
electrons
Oxidation :- I2 → 2 IO
−
3
Loss of 10
electrons
Reduction :- I 2 → 2I
−
× 5 Gain of 10
electrons toatal
Oxidation :- I2 → 2 IO
−
3
× 1 Loss of 10
electrons
(4) Balance O atoms

−
5I2 → 10I
− +
I2 + 6H2 O → 2 IO + 12H
3
(5) Add OH– to neutralize H+
I2 + 6H2O + 12OH– → 2 IO
−
3
+12H+ +
12OH–
Thus over all reaction is :-
6I2 + 12OH– → 10I– + 2 IO

−
3
+ 6H2O
or 3I2 + 6OH– → 5I– + IO

−
3
+ 3H2O
Comparing equations
x = 3, y = 6, z = 5
Therefore, the correct option is (C)

Sol: Sol:
XeO2F2 molecular geometry is originally said to
be trigonal bipyramidal but due to the
presence of lone pair in the equatorial position,
the actual shape will be see-sawed. The
repulsion between bond pair and lone pair of
electrons will be more. Here, fluorine will be
axial atoms and oxygen will be equatorial
atoms. both have similar functional group
Members of homologous series have

same functional group, and successive
members have same difference of one
− CH group, 1° amine, and have same
2
general formula. So, answer is option

(C).
Therefore, the correct answer is (B)
Sol: Sol:
According to question
∵ eq wt = MW
V.F.
Eq wt of H3PO3 = =
M M 2M+M 3M
+ =
2 4 4 4
Sol: Sol:
O2 = Paramagnetic due to the presence v.f. of KMnO4 is 5

of unpaired e- in the anti-bonding π
molecular orbital v.f. of FeC2O4 is 3
1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
O2 → (σ1s ) (σ ) (σ2s ) (σ ) (σ2 pz ) (π2 py ) (π ) = (π )
1s 2s 2 py 2 px
Sol:
lowest priority horizontal
Sol:
SF4 has sp3d-hybridisation and see-saw
shape with (4 bp + 1lp)
and resultant 0.
Sol:
Given, mass of N a 2 CO3 = 5.3gm
Molecular weight of Na CO = (23×2 + 12 2 3
×1 + 16×3) = (46+ 12 + 48) = 106gm
Therefore, moles of atoms= 5.3
106
× NA =
1
NA
20
Moles of atms of Na = 2 × 1
20
× NA = 1
10
NA .
1) Given mass of NaOH = 4gm

and, Molecular weight of NaOH = 40
So, moles of Na atom = 4
40
NA = 1
10
NA
2) Given mass of NaCl = 5.85gm

and, Molecular weight of NaCl = 58.5
So, moles of Na atom = 5.85
58.5
NA = 1
10
NA
3) Given mass of Na SO = 0.25gm 2 4
and, Molecular weight of Na SO = 142. 2 4
So, moles of Na atom = ( 0.25
142
× 2)NA =
1
NA
284
4) Given mass of Na PO = 5.6gm 3 4
and, Molecular weight of Na PO = 164. 3 4
So, moles of Na atom = ( 5.5
164
× 3)NA
≈
1
10
NA .
185. Answer: A
Sol:
C 40.92
12
3.4 1 × 3 = 3
H 4.88
1
4.58 1.33 × 3 = 4
O 54.50
16
3.4 1 × 3 = 3
E.F = C3H4O3
Chemistry - Section B
186. Answer: C
Sol:
(A) (CH3)2C=CHC2H5 has two methyl

groups attached to the same carbon of
the double bond so GI not possible.
(B) H2C=C(Br)2 has two bromine atoms

attached to the same carbon of the
double bond. The other carbon has two
hydrogen atoms attached to it. So it is
not possible.
(C) C H CH = CHCH has different groups

6 5 3
attached to both carbons of the double

bond.
(D) (C H ) C = C(C H ) has two benzyl

6 5 2 6 5 2
groups attached to the same carbon of

the double bond so not possible.
Sol: Sol:
The basic condition of tautomerism is the

(A)
presence of acidic alpha hydrogen. The
alpha hydrogen is hydrogen that is
attached to alpha carbon (the carbon
which is directly attached to a functional (B)
group).
(Intramolecular H-bonding)
(C)
(D)
In options A,B and C there is no alpha
hydrogen present. Hence, they do not
show tautomerism.
189. Answer: A 190. Answer: A
Sol: Sol:
0 .032=
32
M
× 100 the compound has plane of symmetry are
present .
105 gm/mol

1
No. of molecules = 5
× NA
10
1 23
= 5
× 6. 023 × 10
10
18
= 6. 023 × 10
Therefore, the correct option is (A)

Sol: Sol:
Ionic compound has least lattice energy 2 Mg (s) + O2 (g) → 2 MgO (g)
(fajan's Rule) 2 mol 1 mol 2 mol
2 × 24 1 × 32 2 × 40
10g Mg gives (
80
48
× 10)g MgO on complete
reaction,
i.e. 10g Mg = (
50
3
)g MgO
Mg is limiting reactant and MgO formed in

the reaction will be g. 50
Reacted amount of O2 32×10
2×24
= 6. 67
Unreacted amount of O2 = 10 - 6.67 =

3.33
Sol:
1
2Na + O2 ⟶ Na2 O
2
Na2 O + H2 O ⟶ 2 NaOH
According to the balanced reaction,
2 moles of NaOH requires 2 moles of Na.
So, 4 g (0.1 mol) requires 0.1 mol =

23×0.1 = 2.3 g Na
Sol: Sol:
O2− > F− > Na+ > Mg2+ > Al3+ (Ionic Atomic mass of x = 91.5 g
size order) 3+ 2−
∵ X2 O3 → 2x + 3O
Therefore, the correct answer is (D) (+6) (−6)
( By the law of conservation of charge)
∴ valance factor for x = 3
We know that,
Equivalent
Molecular weight
weight =
valancy factor
91.5
= = 30.5
3
So, the correct answer is option 'A'.
Sol: Sol:
In a period left to right ionization Equivalent weight =

Molecular Weight
n-factor
energy generally increases due to

increase in size of elements. Hence it is Equivalent weight of metal is W
minimum for alkali metal in a period.
Metal is divalent n-factor = 2
So, molecular weight of metal = 2W
and molecular weight of chlorides of

divalent metal is MCl2 So, molecular
weight of metal chloride =
2W+2X(Molecular weight of Cl) =
2W+2×35.5 = 2W+71

Sol: Sol:
Neutral oxides are oxides which are Ionization energy:It is the minimum
neither acidic nor basic. In other words, amount of energy required for removing
oxides which neither react with acids or an electron completely from the
with bases are called neutral oxides. outermost shell of a gaseous atom or ion.
Some of the examples of neutral oxides
are a nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide Electron affinity:It is the minimum
(NO), carbon monoxide (CO). amount of energy required for adding an
electron in the outermost shell of a
gaseous atom or ion.
The ionization energy of process (ii) =

electron affinity of process (i)
Because in process (ii) there is a loss of 1

electron from Cl and it becomes neutral
−
Cl,
While in process (i) there is a gain of 1

electron in neutral Cl and by gaining it
becomes Cl i.e both the process are
−
reverse to each other.
Since the same amount of energy

required for the gaining or losing of an
electron from an atom i.e Cl so the
ionization energy of process (ii) will be
equal to the electron affinity of process
(i).

Solution Brahmastra SMT-1 22-01-2023

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Student's Solution Copy [CODE - 12045]

NEET PATTERN TEST Brahmastra Semi Major Test-01

Date: 22-Jan-2023 Duration: 3 Hours 20 Mins Max Marks: 720

Psammophytes are plants that thrive in

Hydrophytes are plants that have special

Bryophytes comprise of three classes -

Offset is part of branch or stem by which

A creeping horizontal plant stem or

Runner is a fast growing stem that grows

Sweet potato is a modification of Marchantia multiplies vegetatively by

9. Answer: C 10. Answer: B

Spores of Funaria germinate and gives

11. Answer: C 12. Answer: A

13. Answer: D 14. Answer: B

15. Answer: C 16. Answer: C

17. Answer: C 18. Answer: D

Angiosperms are vascular plants. They

19. Answer: D 20. Answer: C

In gymnosperm, the megaspore mother

So, the correct option is C.

21. Answer: C 22. Answer: D

23. Answer: B 24. Answer: D

25. Answer: B 26. Answer: D

27. Answer: A 28. Answer: B

Bacteria include members that have

Bacteria structure is simple but its

Bacterial structure is very simple, they

Hence, the correct option is "B" -

The radial vascular bundle is a simple

Conjoint vascular bundles are present in

Radial, endarch vascular bundles are not

Conjoint, exarch vascular bundles are not

Hence, the correct answer is radial

29. Answer: A 30. Answer: B

Cellulose, galactans, mannans &

The cell wall in fungi is composed mainly

Plant cell walls are primarily made of

some protists have cell walls composed

Hence, the correct option is "B" -

31. Answer: A 32. Answer: B

Diatoms and golden algae are included in

The spring wood is lighter in colour and

In the spring season, cambium is very

33. Answer: D 34. Answer: A

Mushroom is a protein rich food and has

Biofuel is derived from biomass i.e. plant

Bioenergy is renewable energy produced

Biofertilizers are substances that contain

The floral parts of a flower are arranged

Mother axis is the branch that bears the

Hence, the correct answer is Thalamus.

37. Answer: B 38. Answer: D

Ustilago is a genus of approximately 200

39. Answer: C 40. Answer: C

Fungi depend on the dead and decaying

They release enzymes that can break

Hence, the correct option is "C" -

41. Answer: D 42. Answer: B

Leaves of certain insectivorous plants

43. Answer: D 44. Answer: A

Aerenchyma is richly found in The sexual cycle of fungi involves the

A halophyte is a salt-tolerant plant that

Xerophytes are a type of extremophiles