Amliz Danilow: Student S Book

Amliz Danilow
4
Student´s Book
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ISBN
978-958-59356-7-9
Serie Beyond the Road
Student´s Book 4
Primera Edición
©2019 Michigan Master S.A.S
Publicado y Distribuido por:

Michigan Master S.A.S
NIT 900913022-5
Avenida Boyacá N° 48A - 69
Tel. 7031062
Bogotá, Colombia
Autor:
Amliz Danilow
Diagramación:
Arca Digital S.A.S
www.arcadigital.co
Todos los derechos reservados.
Ni la totalidad ni parte de este libro pueden

reproducirse por ningún procedimiento electrónico
o mecánico incluyendo fotocopia, grabación
magnética o cualquier almacenamiento de
información de archivos de recuperación sin
permiso escrito de Michigan Master S.A.S.
Impreso en Colombia.
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Beyond the Road
Student´s Book 4
First Edition
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Content
Lessons Grammar
Unit A. Future continuous. ͳͳFuture continuous.
1 B. Future continuous VS future simple.

C. We’ll be waiting for you…
ͳͳFuture continuous VS future
simple.
D. Talk to your nation!
Pag. 1 - 8
Unit A. Embedded questions. ͳͳEmbedded questions.
2 B. Reported speech.
C. Third hand information!
ͳͳReported speech.
D. I believe!
Pag. 9 - 16
A. Future perfect. ͳͳFuture perfect.

Unit B. Future perfect continuous. ͳͳFuture perfect continuous.
3 C. When is he going to retire?
D. What will the world be like in 200
years?
Pag. 17 - 24
Unit A. Subjunctive. ͳͳSubjunctive.

4 B. Third conditional.
C. If I had studied harder…
ͳͳThird conditional.
D. A space shuttle disaster!

Pag. 25 - 32
Unit A. The subordinate clause. ͳͳThe subordinate clause.
5 B. Needn’t have and didn't need to.

C. It’s not going to rain!
ͳͳNeedn’t have and didn't need
to.
D. Giving your opinion!
Pag. 33 - 40
Unit A. Future in the past. ͳͳFuture in the past.
6 B. Unless.
C. Did you see grandma?
ͳͳUnless.
D. What do you think?

Pag. 41 - 48
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Reading and
Listening Speaking writing
ͳͳListen to the following ͳͳFive years from now… ͳͳReading: The Queen’s
dialogue and fill in the spaces address.
according to what you hear.
ͳͳWriting: Talk to your nation!
ͳͳListen to a phone ͳͳMake embedded questions! ͳͳReading: I’m not sure if

conversation between a man mermaids exist!
and his wife giving directions ͳͳWriting: I believe!
to a taxi driver. Do you know
where the restaurant is?
ͳͳListen to the conversation ͳͳWill you have…? ͳͳReading: What will life be like
between two school mates. in 2150?
Then underline the future
ͳͳWriting: What will the world
perfect tenses you find.
be like in 200 years?
ͳͳListen to the conversation and ͳͳ What would you…? ͳͳReading: A tornado!

practise the pronunciation. ͳͳWriting: A space shuttle
disaster!
ͳͳListen to the conversation and ͳͳRandom questions! ͳͳReading: The Great Wall of
practise the pronunciation. China!
ͳͳWriting: Giving your opinion!
ͳͳListen to these two girls ͳͳUnless… ͳͳReading: Carnival of Venice!

talking on the phone and
complete the conversation ͳͳWriting: What do you think?
below with the information
you hear.
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Content
Lessons Grammar
A. Gerunds as a subject, object or ͳͳGerunds as a subject, object or

Unit complement.
7 B. Participle phrases.
complement.
C. Matching activity! ͳͳParticiple phrases.

D. Pick one!
Pag. 49 - 56
A. Causatives: have and get. ͳͳCausatives: have and get.

Unit
8 B. Parallelism.
C. The sound of silence!
ͳͳParallelism.
D. A road trip!
Pag. 57 - 64
A. Suffixes. ͳͳSuffixes.
Unit
9 B. Prefixes.
C. A coffee addict!
ͳͳPrefixes.
D. Give us your opinion!

Pag. 65 - 72
A. Would rather. ͳͳWould rather.

Unit
10 B. Continuous conditionals.
C. Driving experience!
ͳͳContinuous conditionals.
D. Express your ideas!

Pag. 73 - 80
A. Shall. ͳͳShall.
Unit
11 B. Should and ought to.
C. A visit to Madrid!
ͳͳShould and ought to.
D. What do you think?

Pag. 81 - 88
A. Conjunctions. ͳͳConjunctions.
Unit
12 B. Whether VS if.
C. Matching activity!
ͳͳWhether VS if.
D. Giving opinion!
Pag. 89 - 97
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Reading and
Listening Speaking writing
ͳͳListen to the audios and ͳͳRandom questions! ͳͳReading: Eating out in unique
number the pictures places!
ͳͳWriting: Pick one!
ͳͳListen to the following ͳͳSpeaking activity! ͳͳReading: An alien or a

narration and fill in the lightning?
spaces with the information ͳͳWriting: A road trip!
you hear.
ͳͳListen to the conversation ͳͳSpeaking activity. ͳͳReading: Stonehenge

and then circle the correct Monument.
answer. ͳͳWriting: Give us your
opinion!
ͳͳListen to the following ͳͳWould you rather…? ͳͳReading: Reading

dialogue, then say if the reduces stress!
sentences below are true ͳͳWriting: Express your
(T) or false (F). ideas!
ͳͳListen to the conversation ͳͳAbout your city! ͳͳReading: Best travel tips!
and practise the ͳͳWriting: What do you
pronunciation. think?
ͳͳListen to the audios and ͳͳRandom questions! ͳͳReading: Sea turtles.

number the pictures ͳͳWriting: Giving opinion!
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1. Future continuous
Grammar explanation
It is used mainly to talk about events that will be in progress at a specific time in the
future. It expresses that an ongoing action in the future will be interrupted by a separate action
(this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time).
The structure is as follows: will be + verb + ing.
E.G. I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.
Examples:
Other future continuous uses
-To express an action that will be in progress at a certain or specified time in the future.
(To project ourselves into the future).
E.G. This time next week, I will be playing football.
E.G. This time tomorrow, I will be celebrating my birthday.
- For an action which will happen as a matter of routine or as scheduled.

E.G. The first train will be departing at 5:00 AM.
E.G. You will be working with Mr Smith again when you turn up for work tomorrow.
-For an action that lasts a period of time in the future.

E.G. Her husband will be working all day tomorrow.
2. Exercises
Instructions: Complete the following sentences with future continuous.
A. This time next month, we ____________________________________ (lie) on the beach.
B. Next week, I ________________________________ (drive) from Glasgow to Dundee.

You won't be able to contact me for a couple of days.
C. My mother ____________________________________ (not/do) laundry on the

weekend. She_________________________________ (play) golf with her friends in Salt
Spring Island.
D. At three o’clock tomorrow, he ________________________________ (shop) in New York.
1 Beyond the Road / Book 4
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Unit 1
3. We will be doing…
Instructions: Complete the following paragraph with future continuous. Include an appropriate
verb for each sentence. Be creative!
My husband and I__________________________ through Asia this
summer. We ___________________________ eight countries in one month.
I'm a little concerned that we __________________________ to do too much.
However, I think it will be enthralling. I________________________ a brand
new camera, and I'm sure that I_________________________ thousands of
good pictures. We __________________ many old friends in each country.
We met people from lots of countries when we were studying at Cambridge
last summer. That made me happy. We____________________ about many
different cultures and we ________________________ the local food at each
stop. It will be a great time together.
4. Speaking activity
Instructions: Ask your classmates some of the following hypothetical questions and practise
the future continuous tense.
- What will we be having for dinner?
- Next year, where will you be living?
- What will you be doing for Christmas?
- Will you be going to the party tonight?
- What will you be doing on Sunday morning?
- Will you be bringing your friend to the pub tonight?
- What will you be doing when you have retired from work?
Beyond the Road / Book 4 2
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1. Future continuous VS future simple
Grammar explanation
We mainly use the future continuous to indicate that we will be in the middle of doing
something at a specified time in the future (actions in progress). There are no intentions or
decisions. On the other hand, simple future generally denotes willingness, intentions, offers,
opinions and decisions.
Examples:
Future simple
-To express a general intention.
E.G. Martha will change her telephone number.
- To express opinions or predictions (based on personal judgement or intuition).

E.G. That horse will not win the race.
E.G. I think it will rain.
- For decisions or offers made at the moment of speaking.

E.G. Can I drive you home? No, thank you. I'll take a taxi.
E.G. I will help you with that.
Future continuous
-For activities that will be in progress at a specific time.
E.G. At 6 o'clock, I will be travelling to Andorra.
- For an action that will happen in the normal course of events (routines).
E.G. They will be taking hip hop dance lessons after school every Tuesday.
-For parallel actions in the Future.

E.G. Tonight, they will be eating dinner, talking about their lives and drinking wine.
2. Exercises
Instructions: Complete the sentences with the correct form of future.
A. We _____________ still ____________ (sail) through the Mediterranean when you arrive.
B. We ________________________________ (attend) a meeting between 1 p.m. and 3 p.m.
C. Don’t worry buddy, they __________________________________ (win) the match today!
D. If I am elected president of the United States, I_________________ (make) sure everyone
has access to inexpensive health insurance.
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Unit 1
3. Find the mistakes!

Instructions: Read the following conversations and highlight the mistakes you find.
Karen: Oh no… look at that mountain of dirty dishes!

Will I wash all of them?
Brad: No…I promise I’ll be doing them when I get
home from work.
Karen: Thanks.
Brad: When you get home this evening, I’ll be making sure
there are stacks of sparkling clean dishes and the cups
will be sitting in the cabinets.
Erick: When we get to the party, Mark will watch TV while

Sam is making drinks. Lucy will be dancing alone, and
Stewart will be complaining about his day at work.
Robin: Maybe, this time, they won't all be doing the same
thing.
Erick: I am absolutely sure they all will be doing the same
thing.
4. Be creative!
Instructions: Think about the people you know, or celebrities. Imagine what they will be doing
now, or what they will be doing at a certain time and give some examples. Be creative.
E.G: After the class, I need to leave as my friends will be waiting for me.
E.G: Ben Afleck will be playing the new Batman. I don’t know how I feel about that.
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1. We’ll be waiting for you…
Instructions: Listen to the following dialogue and fill in the spaces according to what you hear.
Sonya: What____________________________________? My husband

and I will______________________ your neighbourhood. We
_______________________________ through some of the new
furniture stores. It would be nice to spend some time together.
Sasha: I'd like to help, but I'm sure that my knees will be acting up. They
always hurt when I have to go shopping. But you could come
around after that. I’ll be serving dinner and drinks when you
arrive.
Sonya: Ok! That’s a terrific idea, Sasha! In that case, _________________
at around 8:00 PM.
Sasha: Perfect, ____________________________________________.
2. Simple future or future continuous?

Instructions: Complete the following conversation with the correct form of future.
Alice: Just think, next week at this time, I ________________ (lounge)

on a tropical beach in Aruba, drinking a strawberry daiquiri and
eating pineapple.
Austin: While you are basking in the sun, on the beach, I ___________
(be) stressed over this marketing project. How are you going
to enjoy yourself knowing that I ____________ (work) like a
slave back home?
Alice: I__________________________________ (manage) somehow.
Austin: You're a dreadful friend. Can't you take me with you?
Alice: No, but I_______________ (send) you a postcard of a stunning,

white sand beach.
Austin: Awesome, that ________________ (make) me feel much better.
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Unit 1
3. Five years from now…

Instructions: Ask your classmates the following questions and write any extra information that
they provide.
Topic Name Additional information

Who will be living
abroad?
Who will be learning
another language?
Who will be still living
at the same place?
Who will be working at
the same company?
Who will look very
different from today?
Who will be retired?
4. Questions time!
Instructions: Answer the following questions according to what you think.
A. Who will be ruling the world in 100 years? Why?
B. Will there ever be a universal language? What will it be?
C. How will our planet be changing in the next decade?
D. Will the governments of the world be doing everything possible to protect their people in
the event of a global crisis?
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1. Opening the time capsule!
Instructions: Schools often ask children to write their plans for the future so they can seal the
letters inside a capsule along with other items of importance. In 10 or 20 years the capsule will
be opened to see if the intentions went according to plan. Read the plans of a few students
and practise the pronunciation.
A. When I finish school, I will be an astronaut! I will fly to the moon and see all the stars, I
will be researching new planets and places where people have never been before! Maybe
I will even discover a new planet and name it!
B. I want to help people just like my Dad. He is a doctor and he is always working and doing
good things for people he has never met. He can be making dinner at home and then, in
an instant, he has to leave. “I will be back before you know it”, he always says. He is a great
man and I will be just like him when I grow up.
C. I have always loved cars and car racing. One day, I will be the best driver in the world. I
will be travelling my whole life to compete in all the biggest races on the globe. I will need
to practice tremendously to be a professional, but it will all be worth it in the end when
I am the best in the game. Every time I step onto the track, the fans will be cheering and
chanting my name.
D. I don’t care about school, college or university. As soon as I can, I will be leaving this place
to follow my dreams of playing music. I already know how to play the guitar and piano, but
I will devote all my time to learning seven different instruments instead of worrying about
silly things like math! If I practise hard enough, I’ll be playing for whichever band I choose.
2. Reminiscing!
Instructions: 20 years have passed. Read the letters again and try to match them to the right
person. Give evidence why you believe each image matches each person mentioned above.
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Unit 1
3. The Queen’s address

Instructions: Leaders of countries and nations have a great responsibility to the people who
have voted them into power. Promises to improve the nation are common but maybe not so
commonly kept. Read the extracts from a speech delivered to the citizens of the UK from Queen
Elizabeth in 2016 and practise the pronunciation.
My Lords and Members of the House of Commons.

My government will use the opportunity of a strengthening economy to deliver
security for working people, to increase life chances for the most disadvantaged and to
strengthen national defences.
My ministers will continue to bring the public finances under control so that Britain
lives within its means, and to move to a higher wage and lower welfare economy where
work is rewarded. They will ensure the United Kingdom is at the forefront of technology
for new forms of transport, including autonomous and electric vehicles.
My government will support aspiration and promote home ownership through
its commitment to build a million new homes.
A bill will be brought forward to lay foundations for educational excellence in all schools,
giving every child the best start in life. There will also be a fairer balance between schools,
through the National Funding Formula.
The Queen’s Speech 2016

Government transparency and accountability
4. Talk to your nation!

Instructions: You are the head of a nation. Write a speech to your people advising what you
will be doing during your time in power to improve the country, and the results you expect
from these actions.
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1. Embedded questions
Grammar explanation
These are questions that appear in a declarative statement or in another question.
Unlike conventional interrogative structures, in which word order is reversed, the subject usually
comes before the verb in an embedded question. Also, the auxiliary verb “do” is not used.
Examples:
Simple statement Embedded question in a statement

Sorry, I don't know the time. Sorry, I don't know what time it is.
Direct question Embedded question

Is he a doctor? Do you know if he is a doctor?
Some rules to use in embedded questions

- If the question has an auxiliary verb, switch the positions of the auxiliary verb and
the subject.
E.G. When can you go? Do you know when you can go?
-You cannot contract the verb if it is the last word in the sentence.
E.G. Have you any idea what time it is?
E.G. Have you any idea what time it’s? X
- If the question is in present or past simple, take away from the question the words
do/does/did.
E.G. Why did you read the book? Could you tell me why you read the book?
E.G. What time do you get up? Can you tell me what time you get up?
E.G. Where does he live? I wonder where he lives.
- If a question does not have a question word (where, what, why etc.) use “if” or
“whether” before the subject.
E.G. Does Victor live here? Do you know if Victor lives here?
E.G. Are they going to the beach? Do you know whether they are going to
the beach?
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Unit 2
2. Exercises
Instructions: Rewrite the sentences without changing the meaning.
A. Where is the nearest mall? Can you tell me ?

B. Is there any wine here? Could you tell me ?
C. Is Liz coming tomorrow? Do you know ?
D. Why is that little boy crying? Can you tell me ?
E. How many purses does she have? Do you know ?
F. When did the new cinema open? I wonder .
3. Which is right?
Instructions: Read the options and select the best answer. Then write the correct letter in the
space.
How far is Seattle from here? Is she going to come tonight?

I'd like to find out _________. I’m wondering____________.
A. How far Seattle is from here A. If is coming

B. Where is Seattle B. If is she going to come tonight
C. Seattle is far C. If she’s going to come tonight
Where are the restrooms in this building? When did the Cold War begin?
Could you please tell me______ in this Do you happen to know_____?
building?
A. Where the restrooms are A. If the Cold war begin

B. Where are the restrooms B. When the Cold War began
C. If are there C. When the Cold War begun
4. Make embedded questions!

Instructions: Read the questions below, then ask embedded questions with them without
changing the meaning.
- How much does this computer cost?

- Does this school have a cafeteria?
- Do you like animals?
- What time did you leave yesterday?
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1. Reported speech
Grammar explanation
When you tell somebody else what you or another person said, it is reported speech.
Repeating exactly what someone has said is called direct speech and it appears within quotation
marks ("..."). In reported speech you do not use quotation marks to enclose what the person
said and it doesn't have to be word for word.
Examples:
Direct speech Reported speech
He says: “I like spring.” He says that he likes spring.
- In reported speech pronouns often change.

Direct Speech “I teach French online,” she said.
Reported Speech She told me she teaches French online.
- Backshift of tenses.
We sometimes change the tense of the reported clause by moving it back one tense. For
example, you change the tense if the introductory clause is in past tense (E. G. He said). We use
backshift when it is logical to use it. That’s to say, if five minutes ago Jade said "I am starving",
and I am now telling her brother, I might not use backshift (because Jade is still starving). “Jade
just said she is starving.”
Direct Speech Noah said “I work in the airport.”

Reported Speech Noah said that he worked in the airport.
Some tenses change when using reported speech
Direct speech Reported speech

Simple Past Past Perfect
She said: "I visited London last She said that she had visited London the
year.” previous year.
Past Progressive Past Perfect Progressive

He said: "I was playing football.” He said that he had been playing football.
Future Simple Conditional (would + verb).

She said: "I will open the door." She said that she would open the door.
Modals
"I can do it." He said he could do it.
"May I go out?" He wants to know if he can go out.
“She must apply for the job." He said that she must/had to apply for the job.
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Unit 2
2. Exercises
Instructions: Backshift the tenses in reported speech.
A. Lucas: "I often have a big sandwich.”

Lucas says (that) .
B. Tyler: "Dominic is living in New Jersey."

Tyler told me (that) .
C. Olivia: "Emma went to the movies last night."

Olivia mentioned (that) .
D. Klaus "Leroy is out trying his new wakeboard today."

Klaus said (that) .
E. Leah “Mr Hemelaar, were you sleeping when I called?"

Leah asked (if) .
3. Reported questions
Instructions: Finish the sentences using reported speech. Remember that with yes/no
questions, you use the words if or whether.
E.G. Paul: "Do you want to dance?" Paul asked me if I wanted to dance.
1. Sean: "How much pocket money does Lisa get?" ________________________________.

2. Ron: "Do you speak Turkish?” ______________________________________________.
3. Scott: "Will Mandy have lunch with Rue?" _____________________________________.
Instructions: Ask your classmates the following questions. Then they have to report them.
- Did you watch the latest Tarantino film? - When did you arrive?
- Do you want to ski with me? - Can I help you?
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1. Third hand information!
Instructions: Listen to a phone conversation between a man and his wife giving directions to
a taxi driver. Do you know where the restaurant is?
Wife: OK dear, I need some help to find the restaurant. I’m not really sure where it is.
Husband: You’re hopeless darling! Ask the driver if he knows whether Kent St is open?
Wife: Excuse me sir… my husband asked if you happened to
know whether Kent St is open tonight?
Driver: It sure is ma’am.
Husband: Great, tell him to head North on Kent.
Wife: Please go North on Kent St, sir.
Driver: No problem, but I don’t understand why you
want to go this way. Do you know what the
address is ma’am?
Wife: Just a sec, I’ll ask. Honey, the taxi driver thinks this might be the wrong way, he
asked if you knew what the exact address is.
Husband: I’m not sure, but it’s in Northbridge across the road from the theatre. Ask him if
he knows where that is.
Wife: This is crazy! Sorry Sir, do you know where the Royal Theatre is? Because the
restaurant is across the road from there.
Driver: Oh yeah! That’s South on Kent not North. Hang on… we’ll turn around. Could you
ask him if the name of the restaurant is something like ‘Harringtons’?
Wife: Is the restaurant called Harringtons dear?
Husband: That’s it!! Harringtons Grill.
Wife: Yes sir, that’s the place, do you know how to get there?
Driver: Absolutely. You should have just said that in the first place. We’ll be there in 10
minutes ma’am.
Wife: Ok, the driver said about ten minutes, the reservation is at 7:00 PM so I have plenty
of time. Relax dear, I’ll see you soon.
Instructions: Answer the following questions according to the previous conversation.
A. Did the taxi driver know where they were going?

B. Do you remember the name of the restaurant?
C. What time was their reservation?
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Unit 2
3. Questionnaire!
Instructions: Answer the following questions with your thoughts, then listen to the following
general knowledge quiz and record the contestant’s answers in the box below.
1) In what ocean did the Titanic sink?

A. The Pacific Ocean.
B. The Atlantic Ocean.
C. The Arctic Ocean.
D. The Indian Ocean.
2) Do you know where the highest water fall in the world is located?
A. Canada.
B. Venezuela.
C. Zimbabwe.
D. Laos.
3) Do you know how many dots are on a die?

A. 17.
B. 19.
C. 21.
D. 23.
4) Can you tell me, what is the deadliest animal of all time?
A. Lion.
B. Shark.
C. Mosquito.
D. Spider.
Questions Gail Shannon Fern Nathan You

1
2
3
4
4. What did they say?

Instructions: According to the previous answers, write one of the things they said using reported
speech.
Gail:
Fern:
Shannon:
Nathan:
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1. I’m not sure if mermaids exist!
Instructions: Read the article written by marine biologist Sheanna Steingass as she debunks
possible theories about the existence of mermaids.
Sheanna Steingass, is a graduate student at Oregon State University’s Marine

Mammal Institute studying the behavioural ecology of pinnipeds. She has stated that
most scientists wouldn’t touch the subject of mermaids with a ten foot pole, and here
in her report there are five reasons why.
1. They would freeze to death. The truth is, the human-like body form is not made for surviving
long periods in the water and the average temperature of the ocean is by far too cold to sustain
a human for extended lengths of time.
2. You can’t pick and choose body parts. Picture your typical mermaid, a graceful female with
the scaled tail of a fish. Mammals are defined by being warm-blooded and having hair; fish do
not. An animal cannot have both human and fish-defining characteristics, it’s just all wrong,
evolutionarily speaking.
3. They would go extinct. How do mermaids reproduce? They are human down to the waist,
after all. Well, there are two options for that. They could do it human-style. Which means
that they’d have to get it on the mammalian way, with internal fertilization. But what if you
have fish parts down there? Most fish reproduce externally- with females depositing eggs in
the environment and males fertilizing them.
4. They would be constipated. While we’re talking about plumbing, the fish and mammal
digestive processes are so very different, they cannot jive. Mammals digest food via complex
digestive tracts, which produce solid waste and urine- a sterile by-product composed mostly
of water and waste, salts, and proteins. Fish kidneys produce ammonia, which is expelled via
their gills.
5. We have no physical evidence. Really, if the existence of such a creature were true, it would
literally change the face of science, and why would it be covered up if it were a real animal?
That makes for a good plotline, but doesn’t make any logical sense. What global conspiracy
would cover these things up? If mermaids existed, the scientific world would be studying them
endlessly, and grant money would fall like rain during monsoon season. The world would know.
Instructions: Answer the questions from the text above.
A. Why do you think she says scientists wouldn’t touch mermaids with a ten foot pole?
B. How do fish excrete waste products?
C. What don’t fish possess that mermaids do?
book_four-2019.indd 15 5/04/2019 10:10:58 a. m.

Unit 2
3. I believe!
Instructions: These days there are many myths and fables surrounding the existence of creatures
dating back to ancient times. Many people have theories and personal accounts of encounters
with such myths. Write about a myth that you feel strongly about, either you have experienced
in real life or you have heard compelling evidence to influence your belief. Include the myth and
the experience you have had and any factual information you can to strengthen your report.
4. I wonder if it’s true!

Instructions: Write a few examples of well-known myths. Write in point form argumentative
ideas for and against the claim of their existence, and discuss the topics with the class.
Myths Arguments
book_four-2019.indd 16 5/04/2019 10:10:58 a. m.

1. Future perfect
Grammar explanation
We use future perfect to talk about actions that will be finished before a relevant point
in the future. We also use this tense to express situations that are not finished yet but will be
completed at a definite moment in the future with precise certainty.
Future perfect structure: Subject + will have + verb (past participle form).
Examples:
E.G. Benjamin will have lived in Canada for 20 years by next month.
E.G. You will have perfected your English by the time you come back from the United
Kingdom.
- For actions that will be finished before a relevant specified point in the future.
E.G. Before they come, we will have cleaned up the house.
- It expresses a collective result of completed auxiliary actions when a principal action

is finalised at a specific time.
E.G. By the time I finish this course, I will have taken 48 tests.
- A state that will continue up to sometime in the future.
E.G. In July, I will have lived here for three years.
2. Exercises
Instructions: Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs. There are two extra
verbs.
Spend Complete Make Sell Leave Begin Build
A. How much of your assignment ___________________________________ by Friday?

B. At this rate, you _______________________________ all your money in two months.
C. By the time he's 30, he___________________________________________ fifty films.
D. By next year, they_______________________________________ all their properties.
E. If we don't hurry, our friends ______________________ before we get to their house.
book_four-2019.indd 17 5/04/2019 10:10:59 a. m.

Unit 3
3. Match the answers!

Instructions: Match the most suitable answers to the questions.
1. When will you have finished the game?

2. Will he have proposed to her before Christmas?
3. Where will they have made camp tonight?
4. Will it have taken 23 hours by the time we arrive?
5. How will she have coped with the weather by the end of winter?
I think it will have finished no later than 4:00.

I think she will have dealt with it rather well actually!
No, not that long.
I think they will have stopped on top of that ridge.
I certainly hope so! By then, he will have waited 5 years!
4. Number the sentences!

Instructions: Number the sentences and put the conversation in the correct order.
What do you want to do tonight?
What are the options?
Movies, dinner, drinks, dancing or other.
What does “other” include?
Well let’s have a look at what’s happening tonight.
Let me check that section. There is an art gallery that will have just opened tonight.
No, I hate art galleries.
Well…There is an outdoor music festival that won’t have sold out yet.
That could be OK.
What movies are playing?
The new superhero one won’t have started until next week, but there is a kind of
romantic film which will have opened by this afternoon.
OK, maybe dinner and a movie, but we need to leave soon or we won’t have
enough time.
book_four-2019.indd 18 5/04/2019 10:10:59 a. m.

1. Future perfect continuous
Grammar explanation
Future perfect continuous is used when a single action has been ongoing for a period
of time and will continue through the moment of speaking and be completed at a specific or
known time in the future.
The structure is as follows: subject + will have + been + present participle.
Examples.
E.G. He will have been sleeping for 8 hours by 6:00 AM.
E.G. In a few hours, it will have been raining all day.
- Actions that will continue through the time of speaking until a time in the future.
(The action may continue past the stated time or may be the end of the action).
E.G. I will have been reading this book for a week on Friday.
E.G. They won’t have been listening for the whole class.
- Cause of changing or interrupting an action.
E.G. He needs a break, next week he will have been working for a month straight.
E.G. We need to stop at the next town, we will have been travelling for over 14 hours.
2. Exercises
Instructions: Complete the sentences in future perfect continuous. Use the verbs in parentheses.
1. By the end of the week, I _________________________ (work) here for four months.
2. By the end of this month, we______________________ (live) together for four years.
3. By midnight, we ___________________________ (play) this video game for 12 hours.
4. By 2020, Steven and I ________________________________ (live) in London for 14

years.
5. In June, you _________________________________ (use) my computer for five months.
book_four-2019.indd 19 5/04/2019 10:10:59 a. m.

Unit 3
3. Missing words!
Instructions: Complete the sentences with the correct future perfect continuous grammar.
Use the verbs in the box and add any extra words you need.
Learn Live Talk Sleep Look Live Learn
A. Jacob: How long ______ you __________________English in one month from now?
Louis: By next month, I____________________________________ English for 2 years.
B. Liam: ________you ________________with her long by the time you get married?
Ron: Yes, we ____________________________together for about four years by then.
C. By the end of this lesson, he __________________________________for two hours

about fish.
D. Can you go and wake your father up please? In another hour, he ________________
__________________for over 12 hours.
E. Where is the house? We _________________________________for it for 2 hours at

10:00 o’clock.
4. Answer the questions!

Instructions: Read the following questions and then answer them.
1. People began taking pictures in the 1830’s. By 2070, how long will people have been
taking pictures? __________________________________________________________.
2. Doctors began using morphine in the 1860s. By 2050, how long will doctors have been
using morphine? _________________________________________________________.
3. I started working as a translator (English- French) in 2010. In 2042, how long will I have
been working as a translator?
_______________________________________________________________________.
book_four-2019.indd 20 5/04/2019 10:11:00 a. m.

1. When is he going to retire?
Instructions: Listen to the conversation between two school mates. Then underline the future
perfect tenses you find.
Dane: Man! When is Mr Hutchinson going to retire? He forgets what he is doing all the
time, and I can see that he struggles to walk around the school sometimes. Poor
guy.
Walter: He’s been around for a while you know, at the end of this semester, he will have
been working here for 30 years! That’s incredible.
Dane: Yeah! I think he is pushing seventy years old. It´s time to go and relax somewhere.
Walter: Maybe he will have retired by next year, but then, we will have to get used to a
new teacher.
Dane: Don’t get me wrong… I like him as a teacher, but I think he might be getting a bit
tired and want to make a change.
Walter: I heard someone say that by the time we graduate, he will have taught more than
20,000 kids.
Dane: That’s a lot of students. I wonder if he remembers all their names.
Walter: Hehehe! I don’t think so!
2. Cooking lessons!
Instructions: Listen to the introduction speech to a class of students who are learning to cook.
List the different things they will have learnt by the end of each class.
Pastry cooking Asian cuisine The fundamentals

and desserts of cooking
book_four-2019.indd 21 5/04/2019 10:11:00 a. m.

Unit 3
3. Leaving a mark in the world!

Instructions: By the end of your life, what will you have been doing to make the world a better
place? Write all the ideas you have and remember to use future perfect continuous.
4. Will you have…?

Instructions: Ask your classmates the following hypothetical questions, and then record their
answers.
Questions Name: Name:

A. How much money will you
have saved by next year?
B. When will you have finished
this course?
C. How long will you have been
studying when you graduate?
D. By tomorrow, how much time
will you have spent doing this
project?
E. By June 2029, where will you
have been living?
F. When will you have left your
job?
G. By tomorrow, will you have
finished your homework?
H. By 2032, how long will you
have been living here?
book_four-2019.indd 22 5/04/2019 10:11:01 a. m.

1. What will life be like in 2150?
Instructions: Complete the following text with future perfect.
By 2150, the population of the planet __________________ (increase) up to around 40

billion people. Many forests in the world ___________________ (cut down). Unknown diseases ___
_____________________________________ (appear). Probably, people ___________________
(learn) to communicate telepathically. Additionally, we ______________________ (not/
use) vacuum-cleaners or dishwashers for about thirty years because new household ap
pliances________________________ (be) invented by then. Great number of wildlife
species____________________ (die out). For sure, climate__________________________
(change) drastically. There _____________________ (have) been conflicts because of water
scarcity. Advances in medicine______________________ (enable) people to live up to 120
years. A few people __________________________________________________ (settle) on
Mars. Mankind__________________ (start) polluting space. Of course, it_______________
(become) trendy to own a spacecraft. A third of the world population will be suffering from an
addiction or a hereditary disease of some kind in 2150.The sea level_______________________
(rise) and as a result of that, a large percentage of coastal areas__________________ (flood).
2. What will the world be like in 200 years?

Instructions: In the previous exercise you read a text about the possible changes the earth can
suffer. Now, you have to give your opinion about this topic. What will the world be like in 200
years? What will have happened by then?
book_four-2019.indd 23 5/04/2019 10:11:01 a. m.

Unit 3
3. A 10 year plan!
Instructions: Use future perfect to write the goals or dreams you think you will have achieved
in ten years! Then, share them with the class.
E.G. By this time in 10 years, I will have had 3 children.
4. Projections of the future!

Instructions: Think of an activity or a project you are working on or studying for. Use future
perfect tenses to tell us about it and include details.
E.G. I am studying law at university. In two years, I will have finished my course and by that time,
I will have been studying for six years total.
book_four-2019.indd 24 5/04/2019 10:11:01 a. m.

1. Subjunctive
Grammar explanation
Subjunctive mood is when we use a verb to express possibility, uncertainty, suggestion

or wishes. It is normally used in hypothetical or conditional situations that we want or would
want to happen.
Note: Subjunctive verbs are written in the infinitive form without ‘to’, and never conjugated
in the third person.
Examples:
- Hypothetical or conditional situation with ‘were’. (All subjects use the verb ‘to be’
in plural past: ‘were’).
E.G. If I were the boss, I would take a vacation.

E.G. If he weren’t listening, he wouldn’t know the answer.
- Using ‘had’ or ‘if + had’ in past conditional sentences.
E.G. Had they been aware of the time, they might have left earlier.
E.G. If he had been more careful, he wouldn’t have broken the glass.
- Using ‘as if’ or ‘as though’ with the verb to be to describe the hypothetical reason
for an action.
E.G. He seems as if he were drunk.

E.G. The article that appeared as though it were 10 years old.
- In formal wishes, commands, suggestions from a subject to an object.
E.G. They demanded that we leave immediately!

E.G. We wish that he be excused from school today.
E.G. My mother suggested that she take the medicine in the morning.
book_four-2019.indd 25 5/04/2019 10:11:02 a. m.

Unit 4
2. Exercises
Instructions: Correct the following sentences and change them to subjunctive tense.
- The school asked that students are seated during the assembly.
- I would not be so late if there was a better transport system.
- If she knew there was a better way, she would have done it that way.
- We recommend that Mr Davis stays for another night.
- I wish it was the weekend!
- He was driving like he was being chased.
3.Matching activity!
Instructions: Match the correct subjunctive verb to the sentences.
1) The judges proposed that he ________________________________ one more time.

A. Tries B. Try C. Tried
2) He sounds ______________________________________________________ happy.

A. As if he was B. As though he is C. As if he were
3) I really wish I__________________________________________ here! It’s so boring.

A. Wasn’t B. Were C. Weren’t
4. Fill in the gaps!

Instructions: Complete the following sentences with the correct subjunctive form.
1. It is essential that Johanna _____________________________ (to be) at the meeting.
2. It's important that Frank ____________________ (to remember) to take his medicine.
3. The organisation requested that the government ____________ (to amend) its policy.
4. The nutritionist recommended that Joe _____________ (to reduce) his daily fat intake.
book_four-2019.indd 26 5/04/2019 10:11:02 a. m.

1. Third conditional
Grammar explanation
We use the third conditional to describe a situation (a hypothetical condition) in the
past that didn't happen, and to imagine the result of this situation. The third conditional is
formed as follows: (If + past perfect) … (Would have + past participle).
Examples:
If clause Main clause

If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a new house.
If I had worked harder at school, I would have got better grades.
You can invert the order without changing the meaning.

Main clause If clause
I would have bought a new house if I had won the lottery.
I would have got better grades if I had worked harder at school.
Note: Sometimes, the main clause can contain should have, could have, or might have instead
of would have, for example: If you had bought a lottery ticket, you might have won.
2. Exercises
Instructions: Put the words in brackets into the correct form to make third conditional sentences.
A. If I________________ (pass) my driving test last month, I___________________ (buy)

a car straight away.
B. If the job _________________ (not/take) so long, we _________________ (have) more

time to do other things.
C. If Shirley ________________ (go) to bed early, she _______________ (not/wake) up

late.
D. Klaas________________ (not/meet) her if he_________________ (not/come) to Berlin.
E. If I ____________ (go) to university, I ____________________ (like) to study economics.
book_four-2019.indd 27 5/04/2019 10:11:02 a. m.

Unit 4
3. Choose the best option!

Instructions: For each question, read the situation and choose the best sentence using the
third conditional.
A. I wasn't thirsty. I didn't drink the orange juice.

If I was thirsty, I would drink the orange juice.
If I had been thirsty, I would've drunk the orange juice.
If I would have been thirsty, I drank the orange juice.
B. I ate the yoghurt that was in the fridge. I thought it was mine, not yours.
If I would have known the yoghurt was yours, I wouldn't have eaten it.
If I had known the yoghurt was yours, I wouldn't have eaten it.
I hadn't eaten the yoghurt if I knew it was yours.
C. I didn't know Madeleine was in town. I didn't call her.

If I had known Madeleine was in town, I would have called her.
I had called Madeleine if I had known she was in town.
I would had called Madeleine if I have knew.
D. I did not know watching this documentary was so important for our exam, and I did not
watch it.
If I knew this documentary was important, I had watched it.
If I would have known this documentary was important, I had watched it.
If I had known this documentary was important, I would've watched it.
4. What do you do if…?

Instructions: Ask your partners the following hypothetical questions.
-If you had passed that exam, what would you have done to celebrate?
-If you hadn't come here to learn English, where would you have studied?
-If you hadn't done your homework, what would your teacher have said to you?
book_four-2019.indd 28 5/04/2019 10:11:03 a. m.

1. If I had studied harder…
Instructions: Listen to the conversation and practise the pronunciation.
Isabel: Connie, I’m curious to know how you met your boyfriend.
Connie: I met him in Dublin. I was there in a conference.
Isabel: Wow, that’s really exciting!
Connie: Yeah, I only went there because my colleague couldn’t go.
If Patricia had been well, I would have never met John.
Changing the subject Isabel, are you going to take the
marketing test soon?
Isabel: I took it last year and failed, I could have passed it if I had
studied harder. I would have taken it again if I had had the
time.
Connie: If I were you, I would take it immediately! Don’t waste time.
Isabel: Yeah, I know. I am going to do it! It’s not too late for me.
And this time, I’ll get good grades.
Connie: That’s the right attitude!

Instructions: Listen to the conversation and fill in the spaces according to what you hear.
Melissa: Why didn't Ben stop at that traffic light? That was a very careless mistake.
Gabriel: He wasn't looking. that red light.
Melissa: But when he drove through the red light, you didn't say anything. How come?
Gabriel: Ben doesn't like criticism. ,

I would have said something to him about that.
Melissa: Didn't Ben get a ticket last year for making an illegal U-turn?
Gabriel: Yes, he made an illegal U-turn because he was in a hurry. If he hadn't been in
a hurry, . I know… it was dangerous.
Melissa: We have to talk to him seriously. Otherwise, he’s going to kill himself.
book_four-2019.indd 29 5/04/2019 10:11:03 a. m.

Unit 4
3. If you…
Instructions: Ask your classmates some of the following questions.
A. If you were offered a job in another part of the country, would

you be willing to take it, assuming that the pay is very good?
B. If you were in a bank and somebody started to rob it, what would
you do? How would you react?
C. If you had one wish, what would it be?
D. If you could do any job in the world, what would you like to do?
And why?
E. If you had to choose between having love and no money, or money
and no love for the rest of your life, which one would you choose?
F. If you were abducted by aliens, would you tell anybody? Why or
why not?
G. If you were given the chance to be born again, how would you
change your life?
H. If you were invited to have tea with the Queen of England, what
would you say?
I. If you woke up suddenly because your house was on fire, which
three items would you save as you ran outside?
4. If I…
Instructions: Give some examples of things you would or wouldn’t do using the third conditional.
A. If I’d been a child prodigy, __________________________________________________.
B. If I’d married someone famous, ______________________________________________.
C. If I had never met my best friend, ____________________________________________.
D. If I hadn’t come to this English class, ________________________________________.
E. If I had gone to England last summer, _________________________________________.
F. If I had been born with a different gender, ___________________________________.
G. If I’d been born with a different nationality, ____________________________________.
H. If I’d dreamt about the people in this class last night, _____________________________.
book_four-2019.indd 30 5/04/2019 10:11:04 a. m.

1. The tornado!
Instructions: Read the following paragraph and then answer the questions below.
Amelia’s neighbourhood was destroyed by a tornado. If Amelia had known about the
dangers, she would have left the city. In addition, if the government had warned the citizens, then
many people would not have been trapped in their houses by floodwaters. Also, if the mayor
had listened to the warnings of environmentalists, the city could have taken more precautions.
If there had been better planning, the damage wouldn’t have been so severe. Definitely, if
Amelia had been notified she could have gathered emergency supplies of food and water. And
finally, if people in charge had provided buses and transportation, then everyone would have
evacuated the area.
1. If Amelia had known about the dangers of the tornado, what would she have done?
2. What could have prevented people being trapped in their houses?
3. If the government had listened to environmentalists, what would have happened differently?
4. What would have lessened the damage of the tornado?
5. Amelia could have gathered emergency supplies if…
6. What would have allowed everyone to evacuate the area?
2. Speaking activity!
Instructions: Ask your classmates the following question related to the previous text.
- What would you have done if you were the mayor of a city in danger?
Mention at least four actions that you would have taken if you had been
in charge.
book_four-2019.indd 31 5/04/2019 10:11:04 a. m.

Unit 4
3a. Guilty!
Instructions: Read the text and underline the subjunctive mood.
The court had requested that the defendant be remanded until further notice. It is
imperative that he remain in the custody of the State. It looks as though the defendant were
working with an accomplice. Had we seen this new evidence at the beginning of the trial, we
would have proceeded in a different manner. The trial will be adjourned to allow adequate time
for preparation of the defence and the prosecution. It is essential to the trial that the defence
bring the necessary documents pertaining to the argument. The prosecution requests that the
defendant be made available for questioning during this recess. If I had determined anything
from the proceedings today, it would have been that the defendant need to know the possible
consequences, should he be found guilty.
3b. What would…?

Instructions: Ask one of your classmates the following questions and then record the answers.
Questions Name:
What would you have done this week if you’d
had more time? Why?
What would you have done last year if you’d
had more money?
Think of a time when you helped someone,
what would they have done without your help?
4. A space shuttle disaster!

Instructions: There was a space shuttle disaster. You were in charge of the construction of the
rocket. You know your story, you know you made mistakes, but you really do not think you are
to blame for the accident. People are attacking you for everything you did and didn’t do. You
must defend yourself. Think of some things you can say in a debate.
book_four-2019.indd 32 5/04/2019 10:11:04 a. m.

1. The subordinate clause
Grammar explanation
A subordinate clause, also called a dependent clause, begins with a subordinate
conjunction or a relative pronoun, and contains both a subject and a verb. This combination
of words cannot stand alone as a whole sentence because they do not express a complete
thought (it’s dependent on other words to make a full sentence). Subordinate clauses can act
as adjectives, adverbs, or nouns.
Examples:
E.G. Whatever you learn will help you in the future.

E.G. Mike wears a jacket which looks nice.
Common subordinating conjunctions Relative pronouns

After, although, because, before, once, than, How, that, which, who, whom,
until, when, where, while, why. whose, whoever, whatever.
Types of subordinate clauses
-The adjective clause (clause acting as an adjective).

E.G. Mike is the one who ate the popcorn.
Who (relative pronoun acting as subject) + ate (verb) is an adjective clause that describes Mike.
-The noun clause (clause acting as a noun).

E.G. Whoever gave the dog cereal is in trouble!
“Whoever gave the dog cereal” is the noun in the sentence, meaning the person who gave
the dog cereal.
-The adverb clause (clause acting as an adverb).

E.G. I worked until the sun went down.
“Until the sun went down” is functioning as one adverb modifying (in terms of time) the verb
“to work”.
book_four-2019.indd 33 5/04/2019 10:11:04 a. m.

Unit 5
2. Exercises
Instructions: Underline the subordinate clause in the following sentences.
A. I waited for her until she came.

B. I like to go outside when the sun is shining.
C. My grandma said that honesty is the best policy.
D. After the movie was over, I went out to eat something.
E. Whoever dislikes the new rules is more than welcome to leave.
F. Even though the broccoli was covered in parmesan cheese, Louis refused to eat it.
3. Independent or dependent clauses?

Instructions: Determine whether the underlined section refers to an independent clause or a
dependent (subordinate) clause.
A. Christian opposed the plan, so he B. Leonor rushed to the telephone when

spoke honestly against it. she heard the marvellous news.
Independent clause. Independent clause.

Subordinate clause. Subordinate clause.
C. Ryan understands the sums problems, D. While I was watching the exhibition
but he still makes mistakes. someone stole my cell phone.
Independent clause. Independent clause.

Subordinate clause. Subordinate clause.
4. Order the words!

Instructions: Put the words in the correct order to create sentences.
A. Read/I/because/I/love/stories. .
B. Whatever/wants/she/to/do/is/me/fine/with. .
C. To/school/I/will/go/unless/it/rains. .
D. I/met/had/helped/the/boy/who/me. .
book_four-2019.indd 34 5/04/2019 10:11:05 a. m.

1. Needn’t have and didn't need to
Grammar explanation
Needn't have and didn't need to are used to talk about past events, and both forms
mean that an action was needless. When we say that someone needn't have done something, it
means that they did it, but they didn’t know it was unnecessary. On the other hand, didn't need
to is used to express that someone knew that something was unnecessary and they decided
to do it or not.
Needn't Have - You didn't know something was unnecessary but you did it.
Didn't need To - You knew something was unnecessary and you either did it or not.
Examples:
E.G. You needn't have washed the dishes. I would've put them in the dishwasher.
E.G. I didn’t need to go to work today, but I went as I knew they were really busy on this new
contract.
2. Exercises
Instructions: Fill in the spaces with "needn't have" or "didn't need to".
1. I (take) any money to the museum. I didn't realise it was free

entrance.
2. Mariam (get) a taxi to the party. I would have given her a lift in
my car.
3. Oh Karl, you (buy) me anything for my birthday! A simple card

would have been perfectly acceptable.
4. Today was the last day of school and we (attend) classes in the
afternoon, but we did because we wanted to say good bye to our friends.
5. You (say) anything to Liam about the broken glass. He understood

what had happened anyway.
6. Yesterday was my day off, that’s why I (get up) early.
7. Melisa and I went for a lovely walk in the woods last Sunday. We took a huge picnic but
there was a café there anyway. We (take) anything!
book_four-2019.indd 35 5/04/2019 10:11:05 a. m.

Unit 5
3. Pick one!
Instructions: According to the sentences, pick the correct answer.
1. I went to the shop, but I found out afterwards that it wasn’t necessary.
I didn’t need to go/I needn’t have gone.
2. Briana paid a lot of money for a ticket, but then her father gave her one.
She didn’t need to buy the ticket /she needn’t have bought the ticket.
3. Henry was going to buy a chocolate bar, but a friend gave him one.
He didn’t need to buy a chocolate bar /he needn’t have bought a chocolate.
4. Rachel was going to water the flowers, but it started to rain.
She didn’t need to water the flowers/she needn’t have watered the
flowers.
4. Are they right or not?

Instructions: Read the following sentences and correct them if they have any mistakes. If they
are OK do not fill in the spaces.
1. My boss told me I had three more days to finish the report, so I needn’t have worked so hard.
.
2. Clark told me they had enough food, so I didn’t need to brought any food to the party.
.
3. I needn’t have to take cash to Spain because they accepted credit cards everywhere.
.
4. They called off the meeting, so I didn’t have to travelled to Vienna.
.
5. The train arrived 5 minutes after you left, so you needn't have taken a cab.
.
6. Joshua and Michael had plenty of petrol in the tank, so they didn't need to fill it up.
.
7. You needn’t have done the washing up as I was going to do that tomorrow.
.
book_four-2019.indd 36 5/04/2019 10:11:05 a. m.

1. It’s not going to rain!
Trevor: You know, global warming is increasing the frequency and

intensity of some types of extreme weather. For example,
it’s causing more rain to fall in heavy downpours.
Laura: Come on Trevor! You’re obsessed with the weather. Look
at the sky… You needn't have taken an umbrella. It isn't
going to rain.
Trevor: Well… I don't know. It might. I prefer to have it, just in
case!
Laura: I think rainy days have decreased lately.
Trevor: OK, Laura, I just hope it does not rain because I will not
lend you my brolly then.

Instructions: Complete the following paragraphs with the correct missing words. Remember
to use needn't have or didn't need to. After that, order them from 1 to 4.
My team was very effective from the

In the end, the project was carried
start. They __________to receive
out successfully. In fact, it turns out
more than occasional direction
that we ___________ worked as
from me, once I had explained the
quickly as we finished in record time. objectives they knew what to do.
On my first day, Maxim invited me Before accepting the job, I was a

to meet the other team managers in bit apprehensive about taking on
so much responsibility; but soon
his division. He ________________
after I had begun working full time
done that, of course, as I knew them with the group, I realised that I
all quite well already. _______________worried.
book_four-2019.indd 37 5/04/2019 10:11:06 a. m.

Unit 5
3. What type of clause is it?

Instructions: For the following sentences, please choose the function of the underlined clause.
A. After the concert was over, we went out to eat. Adverb clause
B. Ryan doesn’t know what he’s going to do now.
C. What I did yesterday is none of your business.
D. Mike got a detention because he was late for class.
E. That history test, which was supposed to be so hard,

turned out to be quite easy.
4a. Number the pictures!

Instructions: Listen to the descriptions and number the pictures according to what you hear.
4b. Random questions!

Instructions: Ask your classmates the following questions. Then record their answers.
Questions Name:
Do you know what the referee

says to the opponents at the
start of a boxing match?
Could you please tell me where

the nearest museum is located
and when it opens?
book_four-2019.indd 38 5/04/2019 10:11:06 a. m.

1. Giving your opinion!
Instructions: What is your opinion about violence on television? Write a short essay telling
your point of view about this. Remember to use some subordinate clauses.
2. What do you think about it?

Instructions: Imagine you have been working night and day on your final project. Then you
realise you needn’t have worked so hard because the teacher has changed the deadline. How
do you feel about it? Was it worth the effort?
book_four-2019.indd 39 5/04/2019 10:11:07 a. m.

Unit 5
3. The Great Wall of China!

Instructions: Read the following text and underline the subordinate clauses you find.
The Great Wall of China which is one of the greatest wonders of the world,
was built between 220–206 BC, and it did not become the "Great" Wall until the Qin
Dynasty. The Emperor Qin Shihuang prospered in his effort to have the walls joined
together to serve as fortification to protect the Northern borders of the Chinese Empire
from invasion. Afterwards, it was rebuilt and maintained over the years.
One of the myths related to the Great Wall of China is that it’s the only man-made
structure that can be seen from the Moon with the naked eye. Although this legend
has been debunked many times, it’s still ingrained in popular culture. Unsurprisingly,
no lunar astronaut has ever claimed to have seen the Great Wall from the Moon. In
2001, Neil Armstrong stated about the view from Apollo 11: "I do not believe that, at
least with my eyes, there would be any man-made object that I could see. I have not
yet found somebody who has told me they've seen the Wall of China from Earth orbit.
(...) I've asked various people, particularly shuttle guys that have been on many orbits
around China in the daytime and the ones I've talked to didn't see it." A more probable
assumption would be to say that the Great Wall can be visible from a low orbit of the
earth, which is not exclusive in this regard as many other artificial constructions can be
seen from that height. However, some authors have disputed that due to limitations
of the optics of the human eye and the spacing of photoreceptors on the retina, it is
impossible to see the Wall with the naked eye. Then, who is right? Only time will tell
us the answer to this question.
4. True or false!
Instructions: Write true (T), false (F) or no information given (NI) according to the text you
have read above.
1. Some astronauts have seen the Wall from the Moon._____.
2. Some authors state that it’s impossible to see the wall with the naked eye._____.
3. Neil Armstrong definitely saw the Great Wall from the moon in 2001._____.
4. The Great Wall was first designed to help trade between different provinces._____.
book_four-2019.indd 40 5/04/2019 10:11:07 a. m.

1. Future in the past
Grammar explanation
This tense is used when you want to discuss something in the past that you thought
would happen in the future. There are two ways to form the future in the past. The first one
is was/were + going to + verb (for plans), and the second one is would + verb (to volunteer or
promise).
Examples:
Use of was/were going to

It is commonly used when an anticipated event does not occur or an expectation is not fulfilled.
E.G. I was going to call you, but I forgot. (Plan).
E.G. I thought we were going to dance tonight. (Plan).
E.G. Sebastian said he was going to see the match but it was cancelled. (Plan).
Use of would + verb

It’s used as the past tense of will when you are talking about something in the past that someone
promised or volunteered to do.
E.G. We knew Angelina would make breakfast. (Voluntary action).
E.G. Ivan promised he would send a postcard from Denmark. (Promise).
E.G. Emma assured she would call when she arrived home. (Promise).
2. Exercises
Instructions: Complete the following sentences with the correct words.
1. I________________________________________ (call) you, but I couldn’t find a phone.
2. Isaac knew that she _______________________________________ (return) next week.
3. I thought that Rene_______________________________________ (buy) some oranges.
4. Anastasia said that she _____________________________________ (be) home by eight.
5. Gabriel, for god’s sake! I forgot you____________________________ (come) for supper.
6. Yesterday, she believed that it_________________________________________ (snow).
book_four-2019.indd 41 5/04/2019 10:11:07 a. m.

Unit 6
3. Match the words!

Instructions: Match the words in column A to the words in column B to create sentences.
A. I thought she was going to buy the tickets, but then I realised I couldn't afford it.
B. I was going to buy a cell phone yesterday, but she forgot them.
C. She was going to drive to Pennsylvania, but he couldn't.
D. I was going to change my job last year, but her car broke down, so she went
by bus.
E. He said that he would be there at eight, but my boss offered me more money,
so I stayed.
4. Excuses!
Instructions: Read the following sentences, then complete them using excuses.
1. I believed you were going to do the laundry.

I know I said that I was going to do the laundry, but there was a power failure.
2. I assumed you were going to take our dog to the vet.
3. I thought you were going to bring more pizza.
4. I supposed you were going to my birthday party.
5. I understood you were going to finish the refurbishment before 5 o’clock.
6. I thought you were going to prepare a beautiful dinner.
book_four-2019.indd 42 5/04/2019 10:11:08 a. m.

1. Unless
Grammar explanation
The conjunction unless expresses a negative condition, and we use it to say that a
particular situation will occur except if or only if another specified action happens earlier.
Unless is like “if” in that we don’t use will/would after it.
Examples:
Unless someone like you
E.G. Don’t tell Patrick what I said unless he asks you. cares a whole awful lot
E.G. You can't go on vacation unless you save some money.
nothing is going to get
better. It’s not.
Some ways to use “unless” Dr Seuss
-To highlight an exception to what is generally true.

E.G. Thiago will arrive at 3:00 PM unless there is traffic.
E.G. I will have my yoga class tonight unless the yoga centre is closed.
-It is possible to use “if… not” instead of unless.

E.G. We’ll be late if we don’t hurry. (Unless we hurry).
E.G. You can’t go to university if you do not finish high school. (Unless you finish).
-We often use unless in warnings.

E.G. Unless you work hard, you are not going to pass your English test.
E.G. Felix and Kris will miss the train unless they hurry.
2. Exercises
Instructions: Read the following sentences and rewrite them using unless.
A. You have to train more or you won’t lose weight.
B. If her performance doesn’t improve, she won’t get a pay rise.
C. I have to get a raise or I’ll look for another job.
D. Theresa has to apologise to me or I won’t forgive her.
book_four-2019.indd 43 5/04/2019 10:11:08 a. m.

Unit 6
3a. Unless…
Instructions: Ask one of your classmates the following questions and then record their answers.
Questions Name:
Unless there's an emergency, when will

you get up tomorrow morning?
Where will you go next weekend unless

something unexpected happens?
Unless you don’t have money, how are

you planning to celebrate your birthday?
3b. Complete the sentences!

Instructions: Read the following sentences and complete them using your creativity.
A. I will take the job _________________________________________________________.
B. I will be back tomorrow ____________________________________________________.
C. I won’t be able to solve this problem _________________________________________.
D. I won't mention that he's left _______________________________________________.
E. We are having a picnic tomorrow ____________________________________________.
F. You won’t be successful ____________________________________________________.
4. Be creative!
Instructions: Write four sentences using unless.
A.
B.
C.
D.
book_four-2019.indd 44 5/04/2019 10:11:09 a. m.

1. Did you see grandma?
Instructions: Listen to these two girls talking on the phone and complete the conversation
below with the information you hear.
Claire: Hi, how are you? I wanted to know if you had seen grandma
yesterday.
Sophie: Yes, but in the end
we decided not to.
Claire: Did granny cook?
Sophie: No, Claire, I did. We knew the weather would not be

good and we didn’t want to be outside. So we thought
to spend time
together.
Claire: That was really lovely. I bet grandma enjoyed it so much.
Sophie: Both of us did. .
What happened?
Claire: I’m sorry… , but I
had something to do and I couldn’t call later.
Sophie: It’s fine, but you missed granny’s cookies!
Claire: I know… that was the hardest part!
2. Did you…
Instructions: Answer the following questions using was/were going to.
E.G. Did you travel by train? No, I was going to travel by train but I changed my mind.
A. Did you buy those shoes that you saw in the shop window?
No, I
B. Did Rosie get married?

No, she
C. Did Michael and Sasha go to Ankara for their holiday?

No, they
D. Did you play squash yesterday?

No, I
book_four-2019.indd 45 5/04/2019 10:11:09 a. m.

Unit 6
3. Right or wrong?
Instructions: Read the following sentences and decide whether they are correct or not, either
in grammar or meaning.
A. Natasha doesn’t watch TV unless the news is on.
B. Rachel, unless you will wear a thick coat, you will get very cold.
C. Vincent, we can sit near the front unless you don't want to sit at the back.
D. Unless they are showing an action film, we could go to the movies tomorrow night.
E. You can borrow my clothes unless you ask me first.
4. Number the pictures!

Instructions: Listen to the following conversations and number the pictures according to what
you hear.
book_four-2019.indd 46 5/04/2019 10:11:09 a. m.

1. What do you think?
Instructions: Blood sports have become a hot topic for debate in recent years. As society
develops, it is increasingly seen as an uncivilized activity and cruel to the helpless animals that
are killed. All blood sports should be banned.
Discuss the main arguments for this statement and give your opinion. Remember to use unless
at least once into your essay.
book_four-2019.indd 47 5/04/2019 10:11:10 a. m.

Unit 6
2. Carnival of Venice!
Instructions: Read the following text and practise the pronunciation.
Last month, I went to the Venetian Carnival. I thought it was going to be boring
compared to the Brazilian Carnival, but it wasn’t. This celebration is believed to date back
to ancient Roman times and it takes place just before Lent. This winter festival is very
important for tourists. The streets were full of people in masks, they have always been a
symbol of the Venetian Carnival, and no differentiation could be made between nobility
and the common people. The festival opened with a traditional boat parade (gondolas) and
the event included a big feast known as the King’s banquet. Anyway, the Venice Carnival is
a spectacular adventure worth experiencing; better if you can do it with a local friend!
3. True or false!
Instructions: According to the text above, write if the following sentences are true (t) or false (f).
A. The Venetian Carnival is not dull.______.
B. There are not feasts during the event.______.
C. The festival is celebrated a fortnight after the Lent.______.
D. Costumes and masks are illustrative during the festival. ______.
4. What can I do?

Instructions: I don't understand anything I read unless I read out loud. How can I solve this
problem? Write your opinion about this statement.
book_four-2019.indd 48 5/04/2019 10:11:10 a. m.

1. Gerunds as a subject, object or complement
Grammar explanation
When a verb ends in -ing, it may be a present participle or it may be a gerund. It is
important to understand that they are not the same thing. Like nouns, gerunds can be the
subject, object or complement of a sentence.
Note: Don’t confuse a gerund with the present progressive.
Cycling is a gerund. Cycling is part of the present progressive verb.

My favourite sport is cycling. Anastasia is cycling in the park right now.
Examples:
E.G. Reading helps you learn English. Subject of the sentence.
E.G. My favourite hobby is writing. Complement of the sentence.
E.G. We enjoy swimming. Object of the sentence.
- Since Violet was four years old, singing has been her passion.
Singing = subject of the verb has been.
- Violet's first love was singing.

Singing = subject complement of the verb was.
-Violet enjoys singing more than spending time with her best friend Alina.
Singing = direct object of the verb enjoys.
2. Exercises
Instructions: Complete the following sentences.
1. (Work) ____________________________ overtime is quite common in this corporation.
2. (Find) ______________________________ a parking space is quite difficult in this place.
3. (Get) _________________________________________ a good job in this city is not easy.
4. (Learn) _____________________ about other cultures makes people more open-minded.
book_four-2019.indd 49 5/04/2019 10:11:10 a. m.

Unit 7
Instructions: Ask your classmates the following questions and record their answers.
Questions Name:
What do you like about living in a
big city?
Are you really interested in learning
a new language?
What are some things you enjoy
doing every day?
What is something you love doing,
but don’t have enough time for?
4a. Subject, object or complement?

Instructions: Read the following sentences and write if the gerund is acting as a subject,
object or complement.
1. Computing saves a lot of time. Gerund as a subject.
2. She hates going out at night.
3. Hiking is my hobby.
4. Walking is good for your health.
5. Do you enjoy spinning?
6. Hunting can be dangerous.
7. Doing homework is boring.
8. Flying makes me feel nervous.
9. Why don't you like writing essays?
10. Please have a drink before leaving.
4b. Be creative!
Instructions: Complete the sentences using your imagination.
Running ______________________. Reading mystery stories_________________.
Eating ________________________. Working hard _________________________.
Skiing ________________________. Following others ______________________.
book_four-2019.indd 50 5/04/2019 10:11:11 a. m.

1. Participle phrases
Grammar explanation
Participles are words that are formed from verbs but act as adjectives. Participle phrases
can start with past participles or present participles plus any modifiers, objects and complements.
- Present Participles (ending -ing).

- Past Participles (usually ending -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n).
Examples:
Past participle phrase Present participle phrase
Invented by an Indiana housewife in 1889, Rising out of the sea in front of us, the sun
the first dishwasher was driven by a steam started to warm our faces.
engine.
Placement of participle phrases
- A participle phrase will often appear at the start of a sentence to describe

something in the main clause.
E.G. Excited about lunch, Christian ran the whole way home.
Excited is the past participle, and “excited about lunch” is the participial phrase. (The participial
phrase modifies Christian.)
-A participle phrase can also appear immediately after whatever it's modifying.
E.G. I saw Michelle looking for a book.
There is no comma when a participle phrase is placed immediately after its noun (Michelle in
this case.)
-It is also possible to use a participle phrase at the end of a clause and not
immediately after whatever it's modifying.
E.G. Rachel nervously watched the man, alarmed by his silence.
(The phrase modifies Rachel, not man.)
book_four-2019.indd 51 5/04/2019 10:11:11 a. m.

Unit 7
2. Exercises
Instructions: Write the correct participles to complete the sentences.
A. (To remove) _______________________________ his coat, Jack rushed to the river.
B. (To injure) __________________during the tennis match, Gian had to leave the field.
C. (To frighten) ______________________by the fireworks, the cat hid under the table.
D. (To wait) ____________________________patiently in line, people read or chatted.
E. Early films were still pictures (to project) ___________________________on a wall.
F. Quickly (to freeze) __________________ food is necessary to preserve its freshness.
3. Rewriting!
Instructions: Rewrite the sentences replacing the underlined part with a present participle.
A. Caroline was talking to her friend and forgot everything around her.
Talking to her friend Caroline forgot everything around her.
B. Since we read the news every day, we know what's going on in the country.
C. While Noah was tidying up his room, he found some old photos.
D. Stephan walked home and met an old friend.
4. Identifying!
Instructions: Underline the participial phrases in the following sentences.
1. Mikhail went to the store determined to buy carrots.
2. Shunned by the community, Adrian endures his loneliness.
3. Viktor, tired from a long night of studying, almost fell asleep behind the wheel.
book_four-2019.indd 52 5/04/2019 10:11:12 a. m.

1. Matching activity!
Instructions: Listen to the audios and number the pictures according to what you hear.
2. Proverbs!
Instructions: Read the following proverbs and complete them with the correct words from
the box.
Choosing Doing Swimming Seeing

Borrowing Speaking Saying Recalling
A. Be slow in_________________________________a friend, slower in changing him.
B. He who likes _____________________________________________dislikes paying.
C. By_____________________________________________nothing we learn to do ill.
D. Learn to swim by_____________________________________________________.
E. Think twice before____________________________________________________.
F. Doing is better than___________________________________________________.
G. The word spoken is past_______________________________________________.
H. __________________________________________________________is believing.
book_four-2019.indd 53 5/04/2019 10:11:12 a. m.

Unit 7

Instructions: Listen to the following conversations and fill in the spaces with the information
you hear.
Doris: Tomorrow is a holiday. Let's ____________together!

Jasmin: Cool! I ____________________________very much.
Doris: Where would you like to go?
Jasmin: I suggest___________________________________.
Doris: That's a good idea. I like going to Harbour City.
Jasmin: Perfect! I look __________________you tomorrow.
Molly: I love____________________, but I wish that eating

________________________________.
Timothy: Yes, I understand. I always get hungry. And
sometimes, when you have to finish something, all
you want to do is eat in front of the computer.
Molly: I think, ____________________________starve…
Timothy: No… There are rules you have to follow.
Molly: Yeah, I know.
4. Gerunds or participial phrases?

Instructions: Each sentence contains an underlined phrase. Identify if they are gerund phrases
or participial phrases.
A. Reading a good book always brings me pleasure.
B. Clearing his throat, Peter began to give his speech.
C. They enjoyed taking long walks on the trail.
D. The laughing woman clapped her hands with joy.
book_four-2019.indd 54 5/04/2019 10:11:12 a. m.

1. Eating out in unique places!
Instructions: Would you like to try something new? Check the following restaurant
recommendations around the world.
“El Bulli” “Ithaa Undersea Restaurant”
This restaurant with 3 Michelin I t ’s a st u n n i n g a n d i nt i m ate

stars offers molecular gastronomy. It blends underwater restaurant (seating capacity of 14
physics and chemistry to transform the tastes people). The all-glass restaurant has a menu
and textures of food. The result? New and consisting of seafood. The supper menu is
innovative eating experiences. Perfect for extraordinary with extravagant add-ins, for
sharing with friends or someone special. example, caviar, lobster, or foie gras showing
Some of the signature dishes are: Iranian up.The place offers its diners a 360-degree
caviar (made of melon and passion fruit), panoramic view of sea creatures swimming
nitro-caipirinha with tarragon concentrate in the Maldives. It’s one of the most iconic
or fruit kebab with honey jelly. underwater structures in the world.
“Dinner in the Sky” “O.NOIR”
Originating in Belgium, the idea “Dining in the dark” is the concept

includes a crane hoisting guests, who are of this restaurant. The evening starts in a lit
securely strapped into “dining chairs” 160 bar where guests place their orders; then
feet up in the air. The experience includes they are led by a server into an unlit dining
a table, waiting staff, and everything that’s room, where a two-hour seated dinner
required to enjoy a meal floating above the service begins with waiters explaining where
ground. everything is placed on the table.
book_four-2019.indd 55 5/04/2019 10:11:13 a. m.

Unit 7
2. Pick one!
Instructions: Which of the previous restaurants would you choose to go to? Why?

Instructions: Complete the spaces with the correct form of the verbs.
My friend Gerard liked _________________ (eat) fast food. But he had a problem,
he was gaining weight. That’s why he decided _________________ (go) on a diet. First,
Gerard stopped _________________ (eat) junk food and started _________________ (buy)
more fruit and vegetables. After two months, he had lost a few pounds. But he wanted
___________________ (lose) more. I suggested _________________ (join) a gym. Gerard

disliked ______________________ (exercise), but he agreed _________________ (try) it.
Now he works out every day, looks better and he’s looking forward _________________
(lose) more weight.
4. Random questions!
Instructions: Ask your classmates the following questions.
A. Is your hometown worth visiting?
B. What is something you miss doing?
C. What is something that you have recently avoided doing?
D. What do you like to do at the end of the day when you finish working?
E. If you saw an accident at the side of the road, would you keep on driving?
book_four-2019.indd 56 5/04/2019 10:11:13 a. m.

1. Causatives: have and get
Grammar explanation
Causative verbs are used when we want to talk about something that someone else
did for us or for another person. It means that the subject caused the action to happen, but
didn't do it itself.
Examples:
- Have (give someone else the responsibility to do something).
Grammatical structures:
Subject + have (had) + object + past participle.
Have + person + verb (base form).
E.G. Andrea had her teeth whitened; her smile looks great!
E.G. My washing machine is broken; I need to have it repaired.
E.G. I’ll have my assistant call you to reschedule the appointment.
- Get (convince, persuade or trick someone into doing something).

The form is: get (got) + person + to + verb.
E.G. He got the mechanic to repair the machine.

E.G. How can we get all the employees to arrive on time?
E.G. My husband hates housework; I can never get him to wash the dishes!
2. Exercises
Instructions: Change the sentences using the structure 'have something done' or 'get
something done'.
E.G. I will be cutting my hair. I will be getting my hair cut.
A. I fixed the washing machine. (Get).
B. I will repair the roof. (Have).
C. I dyed my hair. (Have).
D. You had ironed your T-shirt. (Get).
book_four-2019.indd 57 5/04/2019 10:11:14 a. m.

Unit 8
3. Multiple choice!
Instructions: Read the following sentences and pick the correct answer.
1. Instead of buying a new watch, 3 . We go t t h e co m p u te r g u y

why don't you have your old one ____________ the new software for
_____________? us.
To fix Install
Fixing Installed
Fixed To install
2. Your car engine is making some 4 . We h a d o u r n e i g h b o u rs

strange sounds. Why don't you have a ___________having loud parties
mechanic _____________ at it? every weekend.
Looking Stop
Look Stopped
Looked Stopping

Instructions: Complete the spaces using the prompts in the brackets.
E.G. My friend _______________________________________ (windows/paint/brother).

Answer: My friend had her windows painted by her brother.
1. We should______________the____________before the summer begins. It looks

dirty. (Pool/clean).
2. The local council want all dog owners to ____________ their ________________to
reduce the problem of strays. (Dogs/tag).
3. After the accident, Kelly had to _______________ her ____________________ by a

_________________________and looked as she did before. (Nose/reshape/famous
plastic surgeon).
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1. Parallelism
Grammar explanation
Parallelism is the use of elements in a sentence that are grammatically the same; or
similar in their construction, sound, meaning or meter. By convention, items in a series appear
in parallel grammatical form: an -ing form with other -ing forms, a noun is listed with other
nouns, and so on.
Examples:
- Parallelism is used with elements joined by coordinating conjunctions.
E.G. My son likes playing and to read. X
E.G. My son likes playing and reading.

- Parallelism is used with elements in lists or in a series.
E.G. This activity can be done individually, in pairs, or can be done in groups of four. X
E.G. This activity can be done individually, in pairs, or in groups of four.
- Use parallel structure with elements joined by a linking verb or a verb of being.
E.G. To succeed is opening a new opportunity. X
E.G. To succeed is to open a new opportunity.
2. Exercises
Instructions: Read the sentences below, then decide whether or not it contains an error in
parallel structure. If the sentence is correct put a tick ( ), if it is wrong put an (X).
1. Terry looked behind the sofa, in the laundry basket, and checked under the bed, but he
could not find Squeeze, his nine-foot albino python. ______.
2. Spiders that bite, hissing snakes, and squealing rodents fill the aquariums in Desmond’s
basement. ______.
3. Class with Mr. Black was a nightmare: the clock seemed stuck in time, the air conditioner
blew inadequate cool, and a fluorescent bulb buzzed overhead. ______.
4. Natalia blinked her eyes, wiped her glasses, and then squinted at the screen, but she
could not decipher the small text crammed onto the presentation slide. ______.
book_four-2019.indd 59 5/04/2019 10:11:14 a. m.

Unit 8
3. Parallel structure!
Instructions: Read the following sentences and highlight the correct answer.
A. Gilbert has __________________. D. Miranda was known ____________.
- A beautiful wife, a big house and he - For her beauty and generosity.
has lovely children.
- For her beauty and generous.
- A beautiful wife, a big house and
lovely children.
B. I consider your behavior _______. E. I like ______________________.
- Rude, irresponsible and offensive. - Swimming better than to dive.
- Rude, irresponsible and I think is - Swimming better than diving.

offensive.
C. I advise you __________________. F. The performance ____________.
- To sleep early, eat healthy food and - Was both enjoyable and it was
exercise regularly. educational.
- To sleep early, eat healthy food and - Was both enjoyable and educational.
to exercise regularly.
Instructions: Match the words in column A to column B to create sentences.
Column A Column B
I have worked in Spain hard-working.
Corinne is smart, diligent and more than reading a book.
Kristine likes reading better than writing.
She is mad about watching TV and in Ireland.
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1. The sound of silence!
Instructions: Listen to the following narration and fill in the spaces with the information you hear.
, I started to cross the street when

I heard the sound of a coin dropping. It wasn't much but, as I turned, my eyes caught
the heads of several other people turning too. A man had dropped what appeared to
be a dime. The jingling sound of a coin dropping on pavement is something that draws
attention. It can be nothing more than a penny. Whatever the coin is, no one ignores
the sound of it. This situation got me thinking about sounds again. We are overwhelmed
by so many sounds that attract the most attention. For example, people in London City
rarely turn to look when a fire engine, a police car or an ambulance comes screaming
along the street. . I don't turn either. Like the locals.
However, when I am at home, in my little town in Vermont, it's different. The distant wail
of a police car, an emergency vehicle or a fire siren brings me to my feet if I'm seated and
brings me to the window if I'm in bed. It's the quietest sounds that have most effect on
us, not the loudest. In the middle of the night, I can hear a dripping tap a hundred yards
. I’ve been hearing little creaking noises and sounds
for thirty-two years in our house. I know, it’s insane.
The fact is that, not only the sounds but also the silence affect everyone in different
ways, , even the slightest sound can call your attention.
2. Pick one!
Instructions: According to the previous text, underline the correct answer.
1. The sounds are part of our lives/make us feel at home.

2. The writer has lived in Vermont/is interested in fire engines.
3. The author exaggerates quiet sounds/believes it's rather quiet at night.
4. People in London don't care about emergencies/are used to loud noises.
5. The sound of a coin dropping makes people pay attention to it/ look at each other.
6. If the writer is in London, he’s affected by the sirens/he’s not affected by the noise.
7. If you are used to the silence nothing calls your attention/noises call your attention.
book_four-2019.indd 61 5/04/2019 10:11:15 a. m.

Unit 8
3. Order the words!

Instructions: Put the following words in order to make sentences with the causatives get and
have.
-Had/have/our/house/we/repainted.
-Father/I/an/iPod/had/my/buy/me.
-I/got/my/brother/my/bike/to/wash.
-Got/us/to/our/mother/clean/our/room.
-The/town/had/hall/rebuilt/the/council/has/just.
-Yesterday/my/car/serviced/I/went/to/the/garage shop/to/get.
-Last/week/to/have/my/eyes/tested/I/went/to/the/optician´s.
-Have/my/annual/I´m/talking/my/accountant/to/accounts/done/to.
4. Matching activity
book_four-2019.indd 62 5/04/2019 10:11:15 a. m.

1. A road trip!
Instructions: Imagine that you are planning a road trip and require a great deal of preparation
and many errands. Compile a list of things you must get done and write who will do them for
you.
E.G. I will have my travel agent book my hotel room. One day before my trip, I will have the
car washed…
2. Speaking activity!
Instructions: Ask your classmates the following hypothetical questions, then record their
answers.
Questions Answers
Did you have the car
washed yesterday?
Did you get your hair cut

before the weekend?
Who gives orders and gets

things done in your job?
Did you get the copy

machine fixed?
book_four-2019.indd 63 5/04/2019 10:11:16 a. m.

Unit 8
3. An alien or a lightning?
Instructions: Read the following paragraphs and put the story into the correct order.
Mr. Gilchrest and his four Thinking that the man must
daughters were driving from have been so tired that he was
hallucinating, the police gave
Perm to Molebka during the night him a cup of tea hoping to calm
in 1992. him down.
Unexpectedly, a strange light In a state of shock, Mr. Gilchrest

seemed to be over the car, drove to the nearest town and
sucking it up off the road before reported the incident to the
dropping it down again. police.
When he saw a light flashing on Feeling petrified and out of

control, the family noticed a
the road ahead, he slowed down black powder dribbling inside
thinking that it was a lightning. their car along with a hideous
stench.
Meanwhile, a local truck driver This story was quickly taken up

following the same route as Mr. by some people as proof of the
Gilchrest, confirmed that he had presence of Martians on our
also seen the strange light from planet.
a distance.
Finally, the police agreed to Other people who prefer to

inspect the car and when they believe in a scientific explanation
did, they saw the dust, noticed have suggested that electrical
the smell and also perceived
some small dents in the roof of forces in the atmosphere caused
the car. this and other incidents.
4. Parallel sentences!
Instructions: Use your imagination and write 4 parallel sentences correctly. Then compare
them with your classmates.
book_four-2019.indd 64 5/04/2019 10:11:16 a. m.

1. Suffixes
Grammar explanation
A suffix is a letter or group of letters added at the end of a word to change its meaning.
The new word is most often a different word class from the original one.
Examples:
Words Suffix New words
Forget, use. -ful Forgetful, useful.
Note: In the chart above, the suffix -ful has changed verbs to adjectives.
Some common adjective suffixes

Suffix Meaning Examples
-less Without. Fearless, homeless, flawless.
-Y Characterized by. Cloudy, rainy, windy.
-ly Characteristic of. Friendly, nicely, kindly.
-able Can be done/able to be. Acceptable, honourable.
Some common noun suffixes

-ment Action or process. Disappointment, pronouncement.
-ity, -ty State of. Felicity, conformity, velvety.
-al Having the characteristics of. Arrival, burial, personal.
-ness State of/condition of. Happiness, bitterness, brightness.
Some common verb suffixes

-en To increase the quality. Soften, darken, fasten.
-ify Action or process. Clarify, identify, exemplify.
-ise/ize To make Economise, realise, industrialize.
-fy To make Satisfy, falsify, beautify.
Some rules to remember

- Words ending in a consonant plus "Y”, "Y" is changed to "I" when adding the suffix.
E.G. Lonely + ness = loneliness
- For most words ending in a vowel + a consonant, you need to double the last letter when you
add suffixes. E.G. Fun + y = funny.
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Unit 9
2. Exercises
Instructions: Make adjectives by using the suffixes: -OUS, -Y, -IVE, -ABLE, -FUL, -LESS.
Danger ______. Create ______. Dirt _______. Drink _______. Enjoy ______.
Comfort _____. Wash _______. Attract _____. Wonder _____. Use ________.

Instructions: Complete the sentences with the right words.
Careless Sleepy Happiness Hopeless Useful Comfortable Realise
1. Associations are working to provide to distressed people.
2. Caroline spends her money with great care, but Stefan is pretty .
3. Thanks for those notes. They were really .
4. When it's bedtime I start feeling .
5. I would like to put my head down on a pillow.
6. You don’t how serious my job is.
7. Until today, Sally was full of hope that she would get the job, but now she thinks the situation
is .
4. What’s the suffix?

Instructions: Fill in the spaces with the correct word that matches the meaning.
1. Read. Reader Someone who reads.
2. Use. Helpful to others.
3. Dark. Absence of light.
4. Power. Having great power or force.
5. Friend. Someone kind.
6. Home. Someone without a home.
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1. Prefixes!
Grammar explanation
Prefixes are letters we add to the beginning of a word to make a new word with a
different meaning (opposite to the word attached). They can also give a word a negative sense,
or express relations of time, place or manner.
Examples:
Base word Prefixed word Meaning
Perfect Imperfect. Opposite/negative.
Payment Non-payment. Negative.
War Post-war. Time (after).
Abundant Overabundant Manner (too much).
Some of the most common prefixes

Prefix Meaning Examples
Anti- Against/opposed to. Antiracism, antithesis, antisocial.
Auto- Self. Autobiography, autoimmune.
Dis- Reverse or oppose. Disagree, disconnect, dishonest.
Extra- Beyond. Extraterrestrial, extraordinary.
Hyper- Extreme. Hyperactive, hypersensitive.
Post- After. Post-election, postgraduate.
Pro- In favour of. Pronoun, proverb, pro-peace.
Sub- Under/below. Submarine, subcutaneous.
Up- Make higher. Upgrade, upload, upland.
Some rules to remember

Use il- before words starting with l. Legible Illegible.
Use ir- before words starting with r. Relevant Irrelevant.
Use im- before words stating with m, p and b. Mature Immature.
2. Complete the chart!

Instructions: Write three words with each prefix given below.
Prefixes Words Prefixes Words

Sub Un
Mis Mid
Im Hyper
Ir Under
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Unit 9
3. Exercises
Instructions: Fill in the spaces with the correct prefixes.
1. My coauthor and I published a book.

2. Martin L. King was ____content with the laws.
3. Stealing and lying are ____honest things to do.
4. People who can neither read nor write are termed ____literate.
5. In Japan, it's considered very ____polite to blow your nose in public.
6. The cyclist was ____qualified from the race after failing a drugs test.
7. If we prove that a theory is wrong, we say that we have ____approved it.
8. During the mid- 1800's, many people joined the ____slavery movement.
9. The Queen ____veiled a memorial statue to over 55,000 airmen yesterday.
10. Smoking while pregnant is ____responsible and puts the child at risk of illnesses.
4a. Circle the prefix!

Instructions: Circle the word with the prefix in each sentence given below. Then write the
base word on the line provided.
1. I had to untie my shoes.

2. I made sure to take the pre-test.
3. The janitor came to unlock the door.
4. My parents bought a new automobile.
5. We were unsure as to where to stand.
6. Our team was undefeated last season.
7. We learned about the postmodern era in history class.
8. I had to re-organize my backpack before going back to school.
4b. Be creative!
Instructions: Write three sentences using the following prefixed words.
Disappear Proactive Invisible
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1. A coffee addict!
Instructions: Listen to the conversation and then circle the correct answer.
1. If someone likes doing a 3. The horrible physical and

particular activity very much mental effects of stopping.
and they can’t stop doing it,
we can say that they have…
A. Insomnia. A. Indigestion.
B. An addiction. B. A psychoactive drug.
C. Tachycardia. C. Withdrawal symptoms.
2. Caffeine is a stimulant and 4. It’s a pain in your stomach

it can also be found in… when it can’t process the
nutrients that you've just
eaten.
A. Sparkling water. A. Indigestion.

B. Juices. B. Insomnia.
C. Tea. C. Peptic ulcer disease.
2a. Coffee addiction VS coffee benefits!

Instructions: In your opinion, what are the advantages and disadvantages of drinking coffee?
2b. Speaking activity

Instructions: Ask your classmates the following random questions.
- What factors may result in the breakdown of a good friendship?

- Do you think men and women show their anger differently?
book_four-2019.indd 69 5/04/2019 10:11:18 a. m.

Unit 9
3. Carbon monoxide can kill you!

Instructions: Listen to the following audio and fill in the spaces with the information you hear.
Klauss stepped outside his front door to see what the weather was like. It was
sunny and warm. That was lovely, because for the past four weeks, it had been cold and
rainy. It had been so cold that he had had to turn his heater on. , because
his heater worked and .
Some people around the world were not so lucky. Unable to use their home
radiator, they placed charcoal into a barbecue grill and lit it. The heat kept them warm,
. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless

and tasteless toxic gas that kills.
This occurs almost every winter in different places. People shut all the windows
tight to keep the cold out, then light the charcoal. Soon enough, the oxygen in their home
is consumed by the open flames. The family suffocates to death.
Everyone knows that smoke detectors are required, but many people don't know
about it, or don't think they need carbon monoxide detectors. They're not expensive. A
$35 .
People always think that nothing bad will happen to them; it always happens to
"the other guy." So they forget to put fresh batteries into their smoke detectors annually,
and they don't bother to buy carbon monoxide detectors.
4. True or false?
Instructions: According to the previous text, tell us if the following sentences are true (T) or
false (F).
A. Charcoal is poisonous. _____.
B. The text suggests that carbon monoxide is difficult for people to detect. ____.
C. The author advises that carbon monoxide can kill in an enclosed space. ____.
D. It’s not important to install a battery-operated CO detector in your home. ____.
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1. Stonehenge Monument
Instructions: Read the following paragraph and practise the pronunciation.
Stonehenge is an ancient monument situated about ten miles north of Salisbury in

England. It was built about 4500 years ago, but by whom and for what purpose remains a
mystery. The builders must have known about geometry. They may have been influenced
by the Mycenaeans, whose architecture was similar. Some of the stones must have been
brought from West Wales, over 135 miles away. These stones weigh more than fifty tons.
They may have been brought on rafts and rollers. Experts say that it must have taken
1500 men and more than five years to transport them. Stonehenge was probably built in
three stages. First, settlers from continental Europe built a temple for the Sun worship.
Later, the "Beaker" people added the stone circles. Finally, people of the Wesse culture
transformed Stonehenge into an observatory. They could calculate the exact time of the
solstices and the equinoxes.
2. Multiple selection!
Instructions: According to the previous text, select the correct option.
We understand from the passage that the construction of the Stonehenge…

A. Began 135 miles away from Salisbury.
B. Took place in more than one stage.
C. Was first documented by the Mycenaeans.
D. Is not a mystery that needs to be solved.
E. Was completed in less than five years.
According to the passage, there is no information about…

A. Where the Stonehenge was built.
B. What kind of stones were used in the construction of the Stonehenge.
C. How to calculate the exact time of midsummer and midwinter.
D. How the stones used in the construction of the Stonehenge were transported.
E. Whether some of the stones are in position to reflect the movements of the sun and the moon.
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Unit 9
3. Give us your opinion!

Instructions: Do you think it would be possible for you to still be friends with an ex-boyfriend
or ex-girlfriend?
4a. Make sentences!

Instructions: Make five sentences using suffixes and prefixes.
4b. Speaking activity

Instructions: Ask your classmates the following random questions.
A. Do you think that happiness lies within you? Or does it depend upon other people and
external things?
B. Will robots replace humans?
C. Do you exchange presents with your family at Christmas?
D. What are your earliest childhood memories?
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1. Would rather
Grammar explanation
We use would rather to express a preference when making a choice. Would rather and
“would prefer” have the same meaning and are interchangeable. 'Rather' is usually immediately
followed by a verb in base form (verb without 'to').
Examples:
E.G. Steven would rather spend time on the beach.
E.G. I would rather learn a new language than study maths.
Would rather has two different constructions.
Same subject (+ base form). Different subject (+ past simple clause).

I’d rather stay at home than go out tonight. I’d rather you stayed at home tonight.
I’d rather not go out tonight. I’d rather you didn’t go out tonight.
- When the subjects of the two clauses are different, we often use the past simple
to talk about the present or future, and the past perfect to talk about the past.
E.G. I would rather they did something about it instead of just talking about it.
(Past simple to talk about the present.)
E.G. I’d rather you hadn’t rung me at work. (Past perfect to talk about the past.)
- Would rather is often used with 'than' with two verbs or objects when making
a choice between two specific actions.
E.G. He would rather play soccer than go horseback riding.
E.G. Would you rather work for George than for Caroline?
2. Exercises
Instructions: Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verbs.
1. We would rather you_________ (allow) us to stay than________ (show) us where

the nearest hotel is.
2. He would rather _____________ (save) up than ___________ (spend) all his money.
3. We would rather _________ (read) the article now by ourselves than _____________
(listen) to your retelling.
4. They would rather I______ (shovel) the snow on my own, than_________ (help) me.
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Unit 10
3. Would you rather...?

Instructions: Ask your classmates the following random questions and then discuss their
answers.
A. Would you rather eat tacos or pizza?
B. Would you rather have cookies or cake?
C. Would you rather be Batman or Spiderman?
D. Would you rather be a police officer or fire fighter?
E. Would you rather lose your sense of taste or your sense of smell?
F. Would you rather win the Nobel Peace Prize or 5 million dollars?
G. Would you rather win an Olympic gold medal or an Academy Award?
H. Would you rather travel 100 years in the past or 100 years in the future?
I. Would you rather be completely bald or covered from head to toe with hair?
J. Would you rather be an actor/actress in a film or in a television show? Why?
K. Would you rather spend 48 straight hours in a public restroom or the same amount
of time in a morgue?
4. Rewrite the sentences!

Instructions: Rewrite the following sentences using would rather.
1. I would like you to go home now.
2. I would prefer to go in December rather than in May.
3. I prefer starting early rather than leaving everything to the last minute.
4. I prefer to walk rather than drive.
5. I want you to stay in a hostel rather than in a hotel.
6. I would like you to find a job.
7. They would like to build a new house instead of repairing the old one.
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1. Continuous conditionals
Grammar explanation
Present unreal conditional + continuous is used to make hypothetical statements about

what could be happening right now and what you would be doing about it.
- If the continuous conditional is in the “if clause”: (if + were + present participle).
- If the continuous conditional is in the “result”: (would be + present participle).
Examples:
E.G. If the sun were shining, I would go to the beach.

E.G. If I were in Miami I would be lying on the beach.
Past unreal conditional + continuous is used to make hypothetical statements about

what was happening at a specific time in the past and what you would have done about it.
- If the continuous conditional is in the “if clause”: (if + had been + present participle).
- If the continuous conditional is in the “result”: (would have been + present participle).
Examples:
E.G. If Mandy had been standing near the house when the wall collapsed, it would have killed her.
E.G. If he had missed his train, she would have been waiting for him at the station for hours.
2. Exercises
Instructions: Complete the following sentences using continuous conditionals and your
imagination.
1. If I were a detective,
2. If I were in Egypt,
3. If the music had been better,
4. If they had offered more food,
book_four-2019.indd 75 5/04/2019 10:11:20 a. m.

Unit 10
3. Fill in the spaces!

Instructions: Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate
continuous conditional form.
1. They canceled all the flights out of London today because of the snowstorm. If it
____________________ (snow, not) so hard, I would not have been stuck in the airport.
2. Patrick arrived late again to work yesterday. He came running into the office complaining
of car problems, but everyone knew it was a lie. If the boss ______________ (stand) there
when he showed up, I am sure he would have been fired.
3. When Jeremy came home yesterday, he claimed he had been jogging. I didn't believe
a word he said. If he had really been jogging, he ____________________ (sweat). I think
he went down to the coffee shop and had a biscuit.
4. If Niklaus _______________ (stand, not) behind us right now, I would tell you what
happened. Just wait until he leaves, and I'll tell you the whole story.
5. I wish we had time to organise a surprise party for Rachel. If all of her friends
______________________ (sit) in her apartment waiting for her when she gets home
from work tomorrow, she would be so surprised!
6. Jane's plane arrived a half an hour ahead of schedule. If we hadn't decide to go to

the airport early, ______________________ (wait) there a long time before we arrived.
4. Would…
Instructions: Put the verbs into the correct form. Use “would”.
E.G. If I had not picked her up now, she would have been waiting (wait) for me.
1. If the party were better, everybody (dance) now.
2. If I had not broken my arm, I (dive) in the Caribbean.
3. If the weather were nicer, we (play) outside.
4. If you had taken another route, we (not / stand) in the traffic jam.
5. If he had won the race, he (celebrate) three days in a row.
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1. Would you rather…?
Instructions: Listen to the conversation and fill-in the spaces according to what you hear.
Betty: Where shall we go for our vacation this year, Harry?

Harry: How about Costa Rica? It's cheap, and good weather is
guaranteed.
Betty: this year. Have you seen this
ad for adventure holidays in Colorado?
Harry: I prefer lying on a beach to trekking and canoeing.
Betty: But we do that every single year.
this time. I do not want to go anywhere so crowded.
Harry: Well, you have a point. I'd rather visit somewhere quiet too.
Betty: How about Crystal Bay? The weather's usually good and there
are .
Harry: It sounds OK to me.
Betty: Perfect!
2. Driving experience!
Instructions: Listen to the following dialogue, then say if the sentences below are true (T) or
false (F).
Lilly: If I had just taken more lessons, I'd be driving better.

Liz: Relax and breathe. I think you are too nervous.
Lilly: Thanks for helping me. I'd be much worse if you weren't
accompanying me.
Liz: You only have to get used to the traffic. Just focus on
what you're doing, and everything will be okay.
Lilly: If there were fewer cars on the road, it would be easier.
Liz: If I were you, I would talk less. Don’t think about the
other cars. And please, watch out for that pedestrian!
You almost hit him!
1. Lilly is driving badly because she took enough driving lessons. _____.
2. Liz thinks her friend must concentrate on what she’s doing. _____.
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Unit 10
3. Expressing preferences!
Instructions: Which of the following activities would you rather do and why? Record your
answers.
Parkour Windsurfing Zorbing Paragliding
4. Be creative!
Instructions: Write 6 sentences using the continuous conditional structure.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
book_four-2019.indd 78 5/04/2019 10:11:21 a. m.

1. Express your ideas!
Instructions: Would you rather be rich working a job you hate or poor working a job you love?
Express and argument your ideas.
2. About yourself!
Instructions: Answer the following hypothetical questions and then discuss them with your
classmates.
1. Would you rather have a rewind button or a pause button in your life? Why?
2. Would you rather lose your vision or your hearing? Why?
3. Would you rather read an awesome book or watch a good movie? Why?
4. Would you rather go deep sea diving or bungee jumping? Why?
5. Would you rather put a stop to war or end world hunger? Why?
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Unit 10
3. Reading reduces stress!

Instructions: Read the following text and practise your pronunciation.
It is a proven fact that reading can help reduce stress. Many of us take this simple
act for granted, because we have so much "required" reading in our daily lives: the
newspaper, traffic signs, emails, and bills. But how often do we read for pleasure?
Reading can be a delightful (and healthy) escape from the stress of everyday
life. Simply by opening a book, you allow yourself to be invited into a literary world that
distracts you from your daily stressors. Reading can even relax your body by lowering
your heart rate and easing the tension in your muscles. A 2009 study at the University of
Sussex found that reading can reduce stress by up to 68%. It works better and faster than
other relaxation methods, such as listening to music or drinking a hot cup of tea. This is
because your mind is absorbed into a fictitious universe that is free from the negative
factors that plague your life day after day.
Find a book or magazine that piques your interest and set aside 40 minutes to
read every day in a quiet place where you won't be interrupted. Remember that reading
the news may not be the best choice if it makes you feel angry or helpless. Try to read a
novel, or about topics you relish such as hobbies, travel, cooking. If you do this regularly,
you will notice the benefits soon.
So, what would you rather do? Reading or feeling stressed? I am pretty sure that
after reading this article, you definitely know the answer.
4. True or false?
Instructions: According to the previous text, answer if the following statements are true (t)
or false (f).
1. Reading only helps reduce your stress if you pick something you enjoy. _____.
2. When you read, your mind is free from stressors. _____.
3. The text suggests that listening to music doesn’t help to reduce stress. _____.
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1. Shall
Grammar explanation
Shall is used to indicate a future action. It is most commonly used in sentences with "I"
or "we," and it is often found in suggestions, promises or voluntary actions. In formal English,
the use of "shall" to describe future events often states inevitability or predestination. "Shall"
is much more commonly heard in British English than in American English. It’s an alternative
to “will”.
Examples:
E.G. Shall we begin dinner? (Suggestion).

E.G. I shall never forget where I came from. (Promise).
E.G. He shall become our next king. (Predestination).
E.G. I'm afraid Mrs. Wesley shall become our new director. (Inevitability).
Affirmative form Negative form

- I shall not be there. I have
- I shall be there by 7:00.
a previous commitment.
2. Exercises
Instructions: Fill in the blanks using “shall”.
1. We_________________________________________(to play) games in the playground.
2. __________________ I _______________________________(to carry) this bag for you?
3. __________________we __________________________(to move) into the living room?
4. __________________we __________________________(to watch) the match in a bar?
5. We ___________________________________________(to write) an article next week.
6. We _______________________(to need) an extra bedroom when the new baby arrives.
7. We _________________never _____________(to forget) the holiday we had in Munich.
8. ________________I ___________________________________(to put) the heating on?
9. ________________we ___________________________________(to go) to the Louvre?
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Unit 11
3a. Speaking activity

Instructions: Ask your classmates the following hypothetical questions and then record
theirs answers.
Questions Answers
Shall we dance?
Shall we stay or go out?
Shall we have a lesson on Monday?
Shall I get a pizza for dinner tonight?
What shall I do to get rid of my acne?
What shall I do with your mail when it arrives?
Shall we go to the restaurant?
Where shall we go tomorrow?
3b. Be creative!
Instructions: Write 6 sentences using shall correctly.
4. Read and match!

Instructions: Match the sentences in column A to column B.
A. Shall we go to Pisa? Of course, I’ll be waiting.

B. Shall I call again on Tuesday? Sure! I want to see the Leaning Tower.
C. Shall I open the window? If it´s too hot, do it!
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1. Should and ought to
Grammar explanation
Generally, modal verbs should and ought to are used to say what it is right or good for
people to do. In most cases, both should and ought to can be used with the same meaning.
Nevertheless, there is a very slight difference. When we use should, we give our own subjective
opinion, in other words, ‘what I think is best for you to do’; ought to has a rather more objective
sense, and is used when we are talking about laws, duties and regulations, that’s to say, ‘what
is necessary, and cannot be avoided'.
Should Shouldn’t Ought to Oughtn't to
Examples:
E.G. Melissa and Tim ought to follow the school’s policy, or they will get expelled.
E.G. You should call your mother more often.
Ought to
To say what it is the right thing to do.

E.G. According to this road sign, they ought to stop here.
To say what you expect or would like to happen.

E.G. Children ought to be able to read by the age of 5.
To say what you advise or recommend.

E.G. This is delicious. You ought to try some.
Should
To give an opinion or a recommendation.

E.G. They should do something about this terrible train service.
For giving advice.

E.G. He shouldn't smoke. And he should stop drinking too.
To express expectation
E.G. Emma should have arrived in Denmark last week. Let's call her and see what she is up to.
book_four-2019.indd 83 5/04/2019 10:11:22 a. m.

Unit 11
2. Exercises
Instructions: Complete the following sentences using your imagination.
A. I'm hungry. You should
B. I'm cold. You ought to
C. I have a toothache. Hannah, you should
D. I have the hiccups. What should I do? You
E. It’s really hot here. You ought to
F. I have a headache. You should
G. Someone stole my bicycle. What should I do? You
H. I bought a pair of pants that don't fit. They're too long. You should
Instructions: Ask your classmates the following hypothetical questions and the record their
answers.
Questions Answers
What process ought I follow to apply for this job?
What should people do to be happy?
What ought to be done when travelling abroad?
What should you do to improve your English?
4. Pick one!
Instructions: Read the following sentences and circle the correct answer.
A. I'm going to visit your country. Where should/ought to I go if I want to go shopping?
B. We should/ought to protect the environment. It’s our duty with the planet.
C. I ought to/should get a public service medal tonight.
book_four-2019.indd 84 5/04/2019 10:11:22 a. m.

1. A visit to Madrid!
Mikaela: What do you think I should see in Madrid first?
Valerie: Well, historical places, I think. You should go to Puerta

del sol, and if you can, go to the Royal Palace and the
Temple of Debod.
Mikaela: And what about the Prado Museum? I was told one
ought to see it.
Valerie: I suppose you must go there. It features one of the

world’s finest collections of European art, dating from
the 12th century to the early 20th century, based on
the former Spanish Royal collection.
Mikaela: How can I get to the centre?
Valerie: I think you can go by subway. That’s a very pleasant

way to travel.
2. About your city!

Instructions: Ask your classmates the following hypothetical questions about their cities, then
record their answers.
Questions Answers
What do you think I ought to see
in your city?
How can I get to the most famous
museum in your city?
Should I try the local food?
What kind of restaurants should I

visit?
Should I walk alone at night in your
home city?
How would you describe the
architecture of your city?
book_four-2019.indd 85 5/04/2019 10:11:23 a. m.

Unit 11
3. What shall we do?

Instructions: Listen to the conversation and complete the spaces with the information you hear.
Damon: Sean, would you like to do something with me this

weekend?
Sean: Sure.
Damon: I don't know. Do you have any ideas?
Sean: Why don't we watch a film?
Damon: That sounds good to me. ?
Sean: Let's see "The Action Man 5".
Damon: I’d rather not. I don’t like action films. How about "Mad
Doctor White"? I heard it's quite a funny film.
Sean: OK. Let's watch that. When is it on?
Damon: It's on at 9 o'clock. ?
Sean: Sure, that sounds great. What about going to the Greek
restaurant 'Mikonos'?
Damon: Great idea! Let's meet there at six.
Sean: OK. I'll see you at 'Mikonos' at six.
4. Be creative!
Instructions: Write six sentences using ought to and should correctly.
book_four-2019.indd 86 5/04/2019 10:11:23 a. m.

1. What do you think?
Instructions: What are the three most important subjects that students ought to study in high
school to prepare them for the future? Why?
2. Giving advice!
Instructions: Imagine that someone you know had a car accident. Someone is calling you
because they are too nervous and need your help now. Write down as many pieces of advice
as you can think of using “you should” or “you ought to”.
E.G. You should stay calm.
book_four-2019.indd 87 5/04/2019 10:11:23 a. m.

Unit 11
3. Best travel tips!

Instructions: To celebrate her “travelversary”, Gina has decided to share a collection of her
best and most useful travel tips to help inspire you to make travel a priority in your life.
1. You should be patient!

Don’t sweat the stuff you can’t control. Did you miss your train? No worries, there will be
another one. ATMs out of money? Fantastic! Take an unplanned road trip over to the next
town and explore.
2. You ought to wake up early!

Rise at sunrise to have the best attractions all to yourself while avoiding crowds. It’s also a
perfect time for photos due to soft diffused light, and usually easier to interact with locals.
Sketchy areas are less dangerous in the morning too. Honest hardworking people wake up
early; touts, scammers, and criminals sleep in.
3. You should stash money!

In case of an emergency, make sure to store some cash in a few different places. Then, if
you lose your wallet, your credit card stops working, or the ATMs run out of money, you’ll
be happy you did it.
4. You ought to meet local people!

Start conversations with local people. Learn from those who live in the country you’re visiting.
People enrich your travels more than sights do.
5. You should take lots of photos!

You may only see these places and meet these people once in your life. Remember them
forever with plenty of photos. They don’t cost anything, they’re easy to share with others,
and they don’t take up space in your luggage.
4. According to your personal experience!

Instructions: Share some of your own best travel tips in the chart below.
book_four-2019.indd 88 5/04/2019 10:11:24 a. m.

1. Conjunctions
Grammar explanation
A conjunction is a part of the speech that is necessary to create compound sentences,

or to join multiple ideas together. In English, conjunctions are classified as either coordinating
conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions or correlative conjunctions. They are considered to
be invariable grammar particles, and they may or may not stand between items they conjoin.
Examples:
E.G. They said that the movie was fantastic, so I watched it. E.G. Fish and chips.
Some common conjunctions.
Coordinating Subordinating Correlative

conjunctions conjunctions conjunctions
For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. Because, since, as, although, Either…or, neither…nor, not
though, while, and whereas. only… but also.
- Coordinating conjunctions allow you to join words, phrases, and clauses of

equal grammatical rank in a sentence.
E.G. Football is entertaining in the winter, but it’s better in the heat of the summer.
Note: If a coordinating conjunction is joining together two independent clauses (things that
could feasibly stand alone as complete sentences), it needs to have a comma with it.
- Subordinating Conjunctions join an independent and a dependent clause.

E.G. Before she leaves, make sure her room is clean.
Note: They don’t need to go in the middle of the sentence. It has to be part of the dependent
clause, but the dependent clause can come before the independent clause.
- Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that work together.

E.G. I like not only apples, but also pears.
Note: They always come in pairs.
book_four-2019.indd 89 5/04/2019 10:11:24 a. m.

Unit 12
2. Exercises
Instructions: Read the following sentences and complete them with the conjunctions in the
chart below. There is an extra option.
Since And Although So For Neither/nor Either/or
1. I have two goldfish a dog.
2. I’d like a bike commuting to work.
3. My dad always worked hard, we could afford the things we wanted.
4. he was angry with her, he didn't utter a word.
5. she was very ill, she didn't take any medicine.
6. This is my offer. You take it leave it.
3. Pick one!
Instructions: Read the following sentences and circle the correct answer.
A. I'll text you after/then I have arrived in Toronto.
B. He was late although/because the bus didn’t come.
C. I want to go for a hike or/but I have to go to work today.
D. Listen to the story and/or answer the questions in complete sentences.
E. This is the hotel when/where we stayed the last time we visited the city.
F. So/while Lenny was watching the planes his wife was reading in the car.
4. Be creative!
Instructions: Write 3 sentences (one of each type) using conjunctions.
book_four-2019.indd 90 5/04/2019 10:11:24 a. m.

1. Whether VS if
Grammar explanation
Occasionally, the use of these two conjunctions is confusing. Sometimes, if and whether
are interchangeable, but in other cases using one or the other will change the meaning of your
sentence.
Examples:
E.G. I can’t decide whether to accept that job or not.
E.G. I am unsure whether I will be attending the meeting.
E.G. Nina wondered if she had unplugged the iron.
E.G. Call the bakeries around town and find out if any of them sell raspberry pies.
“Whether” and “if” (interchangeable).

- When reporting yes/no questions.
E.G. Florence asked whether/if I liked English films.
E.G. Are you going to the party? She asked me whether/if I was going to the party (or not).
Only whether can be used in the following cases.

- For alternatives (a choice or a doubt between two options).
E.G. Tell Thomas whether you want chicken or beef.
E.G. She doesn’t know whether her son is dead or alive.
- When followed by an infinitive.

E.G. I don’t know whether to buy the blue one or the red one.
E.G. I have been thinking whether to grow my own carrots this year.
- After prepositions
E.G. It depends on whether I get home early or not.
E.G. I would like to talk about whether you are going to Dallas.
- Directly before “or not”.

E.G. Can you tell me whether or not you’re interested in the job?
E.G. Reprimand Michael whether or not he is on time today.
book_four-2019.indd 91 5/04/2019 10:11:25 a. m.

Unit 12
2. Exercises
Instructions: Complete the following sentences using if or whether. In some cases, you can
use the option both.
A. She asked me______________________________________________ I was working.
B. ______________________________he came to stay with you, I'd be really relieved.
C. _______________________________________ you sink or swim is not my concern.
D. __________________________________________ you sing, I'll pay you ten pounds.
E. _______I invest in your project, I want to be able to decide on the strategy we'll follow.
F. When Charlie arrived, he asked_______________________________ he could stay

for a few days, or if he had to leave tonight.
G. I wondered _________________________ Paco had left the country as I hadn't seen

him for some time.
3. Change the order!

Instructions: Change these sentences around so that “whether” is separated from “or not”.
1. You can come to the football game whether or not you have enough money.
You can come to the football game whether you have enough money or not.
2. The result will be the same whether or not you give the officials extra money.
3. He's coming whether or not you want him to.
4. She gets up at 5am whether or not it is dark.
4. Making sentences!
Instructions: Make two sentences using “whether” and “if”.
book_four-2019.indd 92 5/04/2019 10:11:25 a. m.

2. Can you break a twenty-dollar bill?

Instructions: Michelle has a 20-dollar bill and wants to break it, so that she may have some
smaller bills and change for the laundry. Listen to the conversation and then practise the
pronunciation.
Cashier: How can I help you, Miss?

Michelle: Could you break a 20 for me?
Cashier: Sure. How do you want it?
Michelle: Could I have two 5's and the rest in ones?
Cashier: Well, I have some 5's, but I don't have enough 1's.
Are quarters fine with you?
Michelle: Oh, that's even better! In that case, I won't have
to worry about small change for the laundry.
Cashier: Here you go!
Michelle: Thanks a lot!
book_four-2019.indd 93 5/04/2019 10:11:25 a. m.

Unit 12
3. Which one?
Instructions: Fill in the gaps with the correct conjunction.
1. It is great __________________________________________fun.
2. We'll have to go shopping _________ we have nothing for dinner.
3. I like French ______________________________I prefer German.
4. Are the questions right ____________________________ wrong?
5. My brother likes math ________________ he doesn't like history.
6. Would you like hot chocolate _____________________breakfast?
7. I want a new TV _______________ the one I have now is broken.
8. Billy forgot his homework, _____ the teacher was angry with him.
4. Making new sentences!

Instructions: Join each pair of the following sentences by means of a suitable conjunction.
E.G. Tim smokes. His brother does not smoke. Tim smokes but his brother doesn’t.
1. I like him. He is very sincere.
2. She is ill. She is cheerful.
3. He did not win. He worked hard.
4. Karen hasn’t come. Mary hasn’t come.
5. You must start at noon. You will be late.
6. She speaks English. She speaks Spanish.
7. We decided to go out. It was raining.
8. The piper played. The children danced.
9. He must be tired. He has been working

since morning.
book_four-2019.indd 94 5/04/2019 10:11:26 a. m.

1. Giving opinion!
Instructions: Some people choose to eat no meat or fish. They believe that this is not only
better for their own health but also benefits the world as a whole. Discuss this view and give
your opinion.
2. Random questions!
Instructions: Ask your classmates the following hypothetical questions, then discuss their
answers.
1. What teacher in school impacted you the most and why?
2. What is something you’ve always wanted to try but have been too scared to?
3. If you could shop for free at one store, which one would you choose? And why?
4. If you could trade lives with one person for an entire day who would it be and why?
book_four-2019.indd 95 5/04/2019 10:11:26 a. m.

Unit 12
3. Sea turtles
Instructions: Read the following text written by Sara Gibbens from National Geographic and
practise your pronunciation.
Sea turtles are one of a small number of species alive today that once roamed with
dinosaurs, as far back as 150 million years ago. But despite their long history on this planet,
sea turtles are now facing an existential crisis. Of the seven species that swim in our oceans
today, all face potential threats.
Sea turtles feel the brunt of human influence on the environment. These animals inhabit
both marine and beach ecosystems, and experts warn their extinction could harm sea grass
beds and other ecosystems on which people also depend.
The world's most vulnerable sea turtles face threats at all stages of their life. Sea turtle
eggs are frequently harvested and consumed as a delicacy. The beaches upon which they
depend to lay eggs and hatch their young are also disappearing or being degraded.
As adults, sea turtles face threats from commercial fishing practices. Since the 1970s,
incidental take, which refers to the unintentional catch of endangered or threatened species,
has been identified as the largest threat to sea turtles associated with commercial fisheries.
Shrimp boats in particular regularly drown and suffocate sea turtles with their nets and trawls.
Of the seven sea turtles found around the globe, six travel through U.S. waters and are
therefore protected under the Endangered Species Act. Because sea turtles can migrate as
many as 10,000 miles across multiple oceans, multilateral agreements have been established
internationally to ensure that each turtle is protected across all the regions it inhabits.
Conservationists say that identifying key migration routes and nesting beaches are key to saving
these species.
4. True or false?
Instructions: According to the previous text say if the following statements are true (t) or false (f).
1. Sea turtles are prehistoric animals. ______.
2. Sea turtle’s eggs are considered a gourmet dish. ______.
3. Some species face dangers at all stages of their life.______.
4. There are not international treaties to protect sea turtles.______.
5. More than six of the seven sea turtles found around the globe travel through
U.S. waters. ______.
book_four-2019.indd 96 5/04/2019 10:11:26 a. m.

IRREGULAR VERBS
Base form Simple past Past participle

Be Was/were Been
Become Became Become
Begin Began Begun
Build Built Built
Choose Chose Chosen
Come Came Come
Cut Cut Cut
Do Did Done
Drive Drove Driven
Eat Ate Eaten
Find Found Found
Forget Forgot Forgotten
Go Went Gone
Have Had Had
Know Knew Known
Leave Left Left
Make Made Made
Meet Met Met
Put Put Put
Read Read Read
Say Said Said
See Saw Seen
Show Showed Shown
Sing Sang Sung
Sleep Slept Slept
Speak Spoke Spoken
Spend Spent Spent
Swim Swam Swum
Think Thought Thought
Wake Woke Woken
Wear Wore Worn
Win Won Won
Write Wrote Written
book_four-2019.indd 97 5/04/2019 10:11:26 a. m.

CONTINUOUS EVALUATION
UNIT 1/10 UNIT 1/10 ORAL TEST 1 1/5
1A 7A F P S G
1B 7B
1C 7C
1D 7D
2A 8A ORAL TEST 2 1/5

2B 8B
F P S G
2C 8C
2D 8D
3A 9A
3B 9B
ORAL TEST 3 1/5
3C 9C
3D 9D F P S G
4A 10A
4B 10B
4C 10C
4D 10D ORAL TEST 4 1/5
5A 11A
F P S G
5B 11B
5C 11C
5D 11D
6A 12A
F= Fluency
6B 12B P= Pronunciation
6C 12C S= Syntax
G= Grammar
6D 12D
book_four-2019.indd 98 5/04/2019 10:11:26 a. m.

NOTES
book_four-2019.indd 99 5/04/2019 10:11:27 a. m.

NOTES
book_four-2019.indd 100 5/04/2019 10:11:27 a. m.

book_four-2019.indd 101 5/04/2019 10:11:27 a. m.

Amliz Danilow: Student S Book

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book_four-2019.indd 1 5/04/2019 10:10:51 a. m.

©2019 Michigan Master S.A.S

Publicado y Distribuido por:

Todos los derechos reservados.

Ni la totalidad ni parte de este libro pueden

book_four-2019.indd 2 5/04/2019 10:10:51 a. m.

book_four-2019.indd 3 5/04/2019 10:10:51 a. m.

Unit A. Future continuous. ͳͳFuture continuous.

1 B. Future continuous VS future simple.

Unit A. Embedded questions. ͳͳEmbedded questions.

A. Future perfect. ͳͳFuture perfect.

Unit A. Subjunctive. ͳͳSubjunctive.

D. A space shuttle disaster!

Unit A. The subordinate clause. ͳͳThe subordinate clause.

5 B. Needn’t have and didn't need to.

Unit A. Future in the past. ͳͳFuture in the past.

D. What do you think?

book_four-2019.indd 4 5/04/2019 10:10:51 a. m.

ͳͳListen to a phone ͳͳMake embedded questions! ͳͳReading: I’m not sure if

ͳͳListen to the conversation and ͳͳ What would you…? ͳͳReading: A tornado!

ͳͳListen to these two girls ͳͳUnless… ͳͳReading: Carnival of Venice!

book_four-2019.indd 5 5/04/2019 10:10:51 a. m.

A. Gerunds as a subject, object or ͳͳGerunds as a subject, object or

C. Matching activity! ͳͳParticiple phrases.

A. Causatives: have and get. ͳͳCausatives: have and get.

D. Give us your opinion!

A. Would rather. ͳͳWould rather.

D. Express your ideas!

D. What do you think?

book_four-2019.indd 6 5/04/2019 10:10:51 a. m.

ͳͳListen to the following ͳͳSpeaking activity! ͳͳReading: An alien or a

ͳͳListen to the conversation ͳͳSpeaking activity. ͳͳReading: Stonehenge

ͳͳListen to the following ͳͳWould you rather…? ͳͳReading: Reading

ͳͳListen to the audios and ͳͳRandom questions! ͳͳReading: Sea turtles.

book_four-2019.indd 7 5/04/2019 10:10:51 a. m.

E.G. I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.

Other future continuous uses

- For an action which will happen as a matter of routine or as scheduled.

-For an action that lasts a period of time in the future.

A. This time next month, we ____________________________________ (lie) on the beach.

B. Next week, I ________________________________ (drive) from Glasgow to Dundee.

C. My mother ____________________________________ (not/do) laundry on the

D. At three o’clock tomorrow, he ________________________________ (shop) in New York.

1 Beyond the Road / Book 4

book_four-2019.indd 1 5/04/2019 10:10:52 a. m.

My husband and I__________________________ through Asia this

summer. We ___________________________ eight countries in one month.

I'm a little concerned that we __________________________ to do too much.

However, I think it will be enthralling. I________________________ a brand

new camera, and I'm sure that I_________________________ thousands of

good pictures. We __________________ many old friends in each country.

We met people from lots of countries when we were studying at Cambridge

last summer. That made me happy. We____________________ about many

different cultures and we ________________________ the local food at each

stop. It will be a great time together.

- What will we be having for dinner?

- Next year, where will you be living?

- What will you be doing for Christmas?

- Will you be going to the party tonight?

- What will you be doing on Sunday morning?

- Will you be bringing your friend to the pub tonight?

Beyond the Road / Book 4 2