HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View

Part IV Acids and bases

Chemistry: Chapter 19 Volumetric analysis involving acids and alkalis

Combined Science (Chemistry Part): Chapter 19 Volumetric analysis involving acids
and alkalis

Multiple-choice questions

Section 19.1
|!|CMEMF0041900001|!| |!|CSEMF0041900001|!|
Which of the following is a correct procedure to prepare a standard solution with a
pure solid?
A. Weigh the solid → Put into volumetric flask → Dissolve the solid → Add
water to the mark of volumetric flask
B. Weigh the solid → Dissolve the solid → Put into volumetric flask → Add
water to the mark of volumetric flask
C. Add water to the mark of volumetric flask → Weigh the solid → Dissolve
the solid → Put into volumetric flask
D. Add water to the mark of volumetric flask → Weigh the solid → Put into
volumetric flask → Dissolve the solid

##B##

|!|CMEMF0041900002|!| |!|CSEMF0041900002|!|
Which of the following substances CANNOT be used to prepare a standard solution
directly?
(1) Concentrated sulphuric acid
(2) Solid sodium hydroxide
(3) Liquid ammonia
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##D Concentrated sulphuric acid and solid sodium hydroxide absorb water from air.
This makes the weighing inaccurate. Liquid ammonia is volatile. This also makes the
weighing inaccurate.##

|!|CMEMF0041900003|!| |!|CSEMF0041900003|!|
Which of the following methods can be used to prepare a standard sodium sulphate

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solution?
(1) Dissolve a known mass of sodium sulphate crystal in a known volume of
distilled water
(2) Dilute a known molarity of sodium sulphate solution
(3) Titrate standard sodium hydroxide solution with standard sulphuric acid
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##D##

|!|CMEMF0041900004|!| |!|CSEMF0041900004|!|
2.0 M hydrochloric acid is diluted to 0.2 M. Which of the following apparatus should
be used in the dilution process?
A. Burette, volumetric flask and wash bottle
B. Pipette, conical flask and measuring cylinder
C. Pipette, volumetric flask and wash bottle
D. Burette, conical flask and pipette

##C In the dilution process, 2.0 M hydrochloric acid is withdrawn using a pipette
and transferred to a volumetric flask. Then distilled water (from wash bottle) is added
until the meniscus reaches the graduation mark.##

|!|CMEMF0041900005|!| |!|CSEMF0041900005|!|
Which of the following apparatus are required to prepare standard sodium carbonate
solution from anhydrous sodium carbonate?
(1) Volumetric flask
(2) Electronic balance
(3) Pipette
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##A Pipette is needed when preparing a standard solution from a concentrated
solution.##

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Section 19.2
|!|CMEMF0041900006|!| |!|CSEMF0041900006|!|
Which of the following apparatus should be cleaned with the solution to be held just
before use in a titration experiment?
(1) Pipette
(2) Conical flask
(3) Burette
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##B Water present inside burette and pipette will dilute the solution to be held.##

|!|CMEMF0041900007|!| |!|CSEMF0041900007|!|
In titrating 0.10 M sodium hydroxide solution with 0.10 M hydrochloric acid, the
conical flask containing the alkali has to be first washed with
A. distilled water.
B. the alkali.
C. distilled water and then the alkali.
D. the acid.

##A##

|!|CMEMF0041900008|!| |!|CSEMF0041900008|!|
Which of the following statements about washing the apparatus before titration is/are
correct?
(1) A burette should be rinsed with distilled water first, followed by the solution it is
to hold.
(2) A conical flask should be dried thoroughly after rinsing with distilled water.
(3) A pipette should not be rinsed with the solution it is about to deliver.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##A A conical flask needs not be dried after rinsing with distilled water as this will
not change the amount of solute present. A pipette should be washed with distilled

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water first, followed by the solution it is about to deliver.##

|!|CMEMF0041900009|!| |!|CSEMF0041900009|!|
Which of the following statements about the use of a conical flask in titration are
correct?
(1) It is washed with the solution it is going to hold.
(2) It is washed with distilled water.
(3) A piece of white tile is placed under it during titration.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##C Washing the conical flask with the solution it is to hold will increase the
number of moles of solute in the titration, thus affecting the result of the titration.##

|!|CMEMF0041900010|!| |!|CSEMF0041900010|!|
Which of the following apparatus can transfer 28.7 cm3 of solution most accurately?
A. Measuring cylinder
B. Burette
C. Pipette
D. Conical flask

3
##B A burette has a calibrated scale up to 0.1 cm division.##

|!|CMEMF0041900011|!| |!|CSEMF0041900011|!|
In a titration experiment, 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution is titrated against a
standard solution of sulphuric acid with phenolphthalein as an indicator. Which of the
following statements concerning this experiment is/are correct?
(1) The colour of the solution changes from colourless to pink at the end point.
(2) The colour of the solution changes from pink to colourless at the end point.
(3) The volume of sodium hydroxide solution is measured by a pipette.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##D The conical flask contains sodium hydroxide solution and phenolphthalein. The

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mixture in the conical flask is pink initially.##

|!|CMEMH0041900012|!| |!|CSEMH0041900012|!|
Solution X is slowly added to a conical flask containing vinegar and a few drops of
methyl orange. After a while, the colour of the mixture changes sharply from red to
yellow. Which of the following substances can X be?
(1) NH3(aq)
(2) Ba(OH)2(aq)
(3) Na2CrO4(aq)
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##B For the neutralization of a weak acid and a weak base, the colour change is not
sharp. Ba(OH)2 is a strong base and a sharp colour change is observed when it is
added to vinegar. Adding yellow Na2CrO4(aq) will gradually change to orange as it
changes to Na2Cr2O7(aq).##

|!|CMEMF0041900013|!| |!|CSEMF0041900013|!|
Which of the following indicators are NOT suitable for the titration of ammonia
solution and ethanoic acid?
(1) Methyl orange
(2) Phenolphthalein
(3) Universal indicator
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (2) and (3) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##D There is no suitable indicator to detect the end point of a weak acid-weak alkali
titration.##

|!|CMEMF0041900014|!| |!|CSEMF0041900014|!|
Which of the following titrations should use phenolphthalein to detect the end point?
(1) Sodium hydroxide is titrated with hydrochloric acid
(2) Sodium carbonate is titrated with nitric acid
(3) Ethanoic acid is titrated with sodium hydroxide

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A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##B##

|!|CMEMF0041900015|!| |!|CSEMF0041900015|!|
Which of the following indicators are suitable to detect the end point in the titration
between 0.2 M HCl and 0.2 M NaOH?
(1) Methyl orange
(2) Phenolphthalein
(3) Universal indicator
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##A##

|!|CMEMH0041900016|!| |!|CSEMH0041900016|!|
A dilute nitric acid is titrated against 20.0 cm3 of 2.5 M sodium hydroxide solution.
The following graph shows the change in temperature of the reaction mixture.

Q
Temperature (C)

Volume of dilute nitric acid (cm3)

Which of the following statements are correct?

(1) Q is the end point of the titration.
(2) The temperature rise at P to Q is due to the dissolution of sodium nitrate
produced.
(3) The temperature decreases at Q to R because the addition of nitric acid cools the
reaction mixture.
A. (1) and (2) only

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B. (1) and (3) only

C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##B The temperature increases from P to Q because neutralization is an exothermic
reaction.##

|!|CMEMF0041900017|!| |!|CSEMF0041900017|!|
In a titration experiment, 25.0 cm3 of ammonia solution is titrated against standard
hydrochloric acid with methyl orange as indicator. Which of the following colour
changes at the end point is correct?
A. From yellow to orange
B. From red to orange
C. From red to colourless
D. From colourless to orange

##A At first, ammonia solution is in the conical flask. Methyl orange is yellow in an
alkaline solution. The colour changes from yellow to orange at the end point.##

Sections 19.3−19.4
|!|CMEMF0041900018|!| |!|CSEMF0041900018|!|
One mole of an unknown acid requires two moles of NaOH for complete
neutralization. Which of the following deductions is/are correct?
(1) The unknown acid is dibasic.
(2) The molarity of the unknown acid is twice of that of NaOH.
(3) One mole of the unknown acid can be completely neutralized by two moles of
NH3.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##C Two moles of OH− are required to neutralize two moles of H+. Therefore, the
acid is dibasic. As the volumes of the acid and the alkali are not given, we cannot
deduce the molarity of the acid and the alkali.##

|!|CMEMF0041900019|!| |!|CSEMF0041900019|!|
Which of the following statements about 25.0 cm3 of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide

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solution and 25.0 cm3 of 0.1 M ammonia solution is/are correct?

(1) They have the same pH value.
(2) They turn methyl orange indicator yellow.
(3) Each of them requires 25.0 cm3 of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid for complete
neutralization.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##D##

|!|CMEMF0041900020|!| |!|CSEMF0041900020|!|
Consider the following two solutions:
Solution P: 50 cm3 of 0.05 M HCl
Solution Q: 25 cm3 of 0.10 M CH3COOH
Which of the following statements about solutions P and Q is correct?
A. P reacts with magnesium while Q does not.
B. P and Q require the same volume of 0.1 M NaOH for neutralization.
C. P can turn blue litmus paper red while Q cannot.
D. P reacts with sodium hydrogencarbonate while Q does not.

##B Both P and Q are acidic solutions. They have similar acidic properties. Though
CH3COOH is a weak acid, 0.1 M NaOH can react with all the ionizable hydrogen
from the weak acid. They require the same amount of NaOH for neutralization.
25
Number of moles of CH3COOH = 0.10 mol dm−3 × dm3 = 0.025 mol
1000
50
Number of moles of HCl = 0.05 mol dm−3 × dm3 = 0.025 mol##
1000

|!|CMEMH0041900021|!| |!|CSEMH0041900021|!|
25.0 cm3 of 0.20 M sulphuric acid is completely neutralized by 15.5 cm3 of sodium
hydroxide solution. What is the resultant concentration of sodium sulphate solution?
A. 0.123 M
B. 0.247 M
C. 0.323 M
D. 0.645 M

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##A H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)

25.0
Number of moles of H2SO4 used = 0.20 mol dm−3 × dm3 = 0.005 mol
1000
From the equation, mole ratio of H2SO4 : Na2SO4 = 1 : 1.
∴ number of moles of Na2SO4 formed = 0.005 mol
0.005 mol
Concentration of Na2SO4 = = 0.123 M##
(25.0 + 15.5) 3
dm
1000

|!|CMEMF0041900022|!| |!|CSEMF0041900022|!|
What is the volume of 0.25 mol dm−3 sulphuric acid required to neutralize 40.0 cm3 of
0.2 mol dm−3 sodium carbonate?
0.25  40 3
A. cm
0.2
0.25  40  2 3
B. cm
0.2
0.2  40 3
C. cm
0.25
0.2  40 3
D. cm
0.25  2

##C Na2CO3 + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2
From the equation, mole ratio of Na2CO3 : H2SO4 = 1:1.
Let M1 and V1, M2 and V2 be the molarities and volumes of acid and carbonate
respectively.
M 1V1 1
=
M 2V2 1
M1V1 = M2V2
0.2  40 3
V1 = cm ##
0.25

|!|CMEMF0041900023|!| |!|CSEMF0041900023|!|
25.0 cm3 of ammonia solution was titrated with 0.05 M hydrochloric acid. The
following table shows the results of titration.

Titration 1 Titration 2 Titration 3 Titration 4

Final reading (cm3) 2.70 3.60 11.10 9.80
3
Initial reading (cm ) 37.70 35.70 43.30 42.00

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What is the molarity of ammonia solution?

A. 0.032 M
B. 0.064 M
C. 0.070 M
D. 0.140 M

[(35.70 − 3.60) + (43.30 − 11.10) + (42.00 − 9.80)] cm 3
##B Volume of HCl used =
3
= 32.17 cm3
NH3(aq) + HCl(aq) → NH4Cl(aq)
Number of moles of HCl used = number of moles of NH3 reacted
32.17
= 0.05 mol dm−3 × dm3 = 1.61 × 10−3 mol
1000
1.61  10 −3 mol
Molarity of NH3 = = 0.064 M##
25.0 3
dm
1000

|!|CMEMA0041900024|!| |!|CSEMA0041900024|!|
In an experiment, 2.0 M sodium hydroxide solution was added to 20.0 cm3 of 1.0 M
sulphuric acid until the acid was completely neutralized. What is the concentration of
sodium sulphate in the resultant solution?
A. 0.25 M
B. 0.33 M
C. 0.50 M
D. 1.00 M

##C 2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O
20.0
Number of moles of H2SO4 = 1.0 mol dm−3 × dm3 = 0.02 mol
1000
From the equation, mole ratio of NaOH : H2SO4 : Na2SO4 = 2:1:1.
∴ number of moles of NaOH used = 0.02 mol  2 = 0.04 mol
0.04 mol
Volume of NaOH used = −3
= 0.02 dm3 = 20.0 cm3
2.0 mol dm
Number of moles of Na2SO4 formed = 0.02 mol
0.02 mol
Concentration of Na2SO4 = = 0.50 M##
(20.0 + 20.0) 3
dm
1000

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|!|CMEMF0041900025|!| |!|CSEMF0041900025|!|
What is the mass of magnesium that reacts completely with 25.0 cm3 of 0.20 M
hydrochloric acid?
(Relative atomic mass: Mg = 24.3)
A. 0.06 g
B. 0.12 g
C. 0.18 g
D. 0.24 g

##A Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
25.0
Number of moles of HCl used = 0.20 mol dm−3 × dm3 = 0.005 mol
1000
From the equation, mole ratio of Mg : HCl = 1:2.
0.005 mol
∴ number of moles of magnesium needed = = 0.0025 mol
2
Mass of magnesium needed = 0.0025 mol × 24.3 g mol−1 = 0.06 g##

|!|CMEMF0041900026|!| |!|CSEMF0041900026|!|
25.0 cm3 of 1.0 M ethanoic acid and 25.0 cm3 of 1.0 M hydrochloric acid are each
titrated with sodium hydroxide solution. Which of the following will be the same for
these two titrations?
(1) Initial pH of the solution
(2) Volume of sodium hydroxide solution required to reach the end point
(3) pH at the end point
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

##B##

|!|CMEMF0041900027|!| |!|CSEMF0041900027|!|
Which of the following solutions can completely neutralize 25.0 cm3 of 0.2 M
sulphuric acid?
(1) 25.0 cm3 of 0.2 M sodium hydroxide solution
(2) 50.0 cm3 of 0.2 M potassium hydroxide solution
(3) 25.0 cm3 of 0.2 M calcium hydroxide solution
A. (1) and (2) only

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B. (1) and (3) only

C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

##C##

|!|CMEMH0041900028|!| |!|CSEMH0041900028|!|
0.64 g of calcium metal is added to a beaker of water. After the reaction is completed,
the solution formed is treated with 0.3 M nitric acid. What is the volume of the acid
required for complete neutralization?
(Relative atomic mass: Ca = 40.1)
A. 53 cm3
B. 80 cm3
C. 107 cm3
D. 133 cm3

##C Ca(s) + 2H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)
0.64 g
Number of moles of calcium used = = 0.0160 mol
40.1 g mol −1
From the equation, mole ratio of Ca : Ca(OH)2 = 1 : 1.
∴ number of moles of calcium hydroxide formed = 0.0160 mol
Ca(OH)2(aq) + 2HNO3(aq) → Ca(NO3)2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
From the equation, mole ratio of Ca(OH)2 : HNO3 = 1 : 2.
∴ number of moles of HNO3 required = 0.0160 mol × 2 = 0.0320 mol
0.0320 mol
Volume of HNO3(aq) required = −3
= 0.107 dm3 = 107 cm3##
0.3 mol dm

|!|CMEMF0041900029|!| |!|CSEMF0041900029|!|
Citric acid is a tribasic acid. 10.0 cm3 of citric acid solution requires 45.0 cm3 of 0.10
M Ba(OH)2(aq) for complete reaction. What is the concentration of the citric acid
solution?
A. 0.10 M
B. 0.15 M
C. 0.30 M
D. 0.45 M

##C Let the formula of citric acid be H3X.
2H3X(aq) + 3Ba(OH)2(aq) → Ba3X2(aq) + 6H2O(l)

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45.0
Number of moles of Ba(OH)2 used = 0.10 mol dm−3 × dm3 = 4.5 × 10−3 mol
1000
From the equation, mole ratio of H3X : Ba(OH)2 = 2 : 3.
2
∴ number of moles of H3X present = 4.5 × 10−3 mol × = 3.0 × 10−3 mol
3
3.0  10 −3 mol
Concentration of H3X(aq) = = 0.30 M##
10.0 3
dm
1000

|!|CMEMH0041900030|!| |!|CSEMH0041900030|!|
A hydrochloric acid is titrated against 30.0 cm3 of 2.0 M potassium hydroxide
solution. The temperature of the mixture during titration is shown below:
Temperature (C)

Volume of hydrohloric acid (cm3)

What is the concentration of the hydrochloric acid?

A. 0.78 M
B. 1.00 M
C. 1.50 M
D. 1.58 M

##D HCl(aq) + KOH(aq) → KCl(aq) + H2O(l)
30.0
Number of moles of potassium hydroxide = 2.0 mol dm−3 × dm3 = 0.06 mol
1000
From the equation, mole ratio of HCl : KOH = 1:1.
Number of moles of hydrochloric acid required = 0.06 mol
From the graph, volume of HCl added for complete neutralization = 38.0 cm3

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0.06 mol
Concentration of hydrochloric acid = = 1.58 mol dm−3##
38.0
dm 3
1000

|!|CMEMF0041900031|!| |!|CSEMF0041900031|!|
When lead(II) nitrate solution is mixed with sodium sulphate solution, lead(II)
sulphate is precipitated. Which of the following pairs of solutions would produce the
greatest amount of precipitate?
A. 10 cm3 of 0.5 M Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 15 cm3 of 1.0 M Na2SO4(aq)
B. 15 cm3 of 1.0 M Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 15 cm3 of 1.0 M Na2SO4(aq)
C. 20 cm3 of 1.0 M Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 20 cm3 of 1.0 M Na2SO4(aq)
D. 25 cm3 of 0.5 M Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 20 cm3 of 1.0 M Na2SO4(aq)

##C Pb(NO3)2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) → PbSO4(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)
From the equation, mole ratio of Pb(NO3)2 : Na2SO4 = 1:1.
Number of moles of Number of moles Number of moles of
Pb(NO3)2 Na2SO4 PbSO4 formed
A. 0.005 0.015 0.005
B. 0.015 0.015 0.015
C. 0.020 0.020 0.020
D. 0.0125 0.020 0.0125
Therefore, the solutions in option (C) produce the greatest amount of precipitate.##

|!|CMEMF0041900032|!| |!|CSEMF0041900032|!|
A test tube contains 5.0 cm3 of 2.0 M sodium sulphate solution. 1.0 cm3 portions of
lead(II) nitrate solution are added successively to the test tube. The following graph
shows the height of the precipitate after each addition.
height of precipitate (cm)

volume of lead(II) nitrate solution added (cm3)

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What is the concentration of lead(II) nitrate solution?

A. 0.75 M
B. 1.00 M
C. 1.25 M
D. 1.50 M

5.0
##C Number of moles of sodium sulphate = 2.0 mol dm−3 × dm3 = 0.01 mol
1000
Na2SO4(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → PbSO4(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)
From the equation, mole ratio of Na2SO4 : Pb(NO3)2 = 1:1.
∴ number of moles of lead(II) nitrate required for complete reaction = 0.01 mol
Volume of lead(II) nitrate added for complete reaction = 8 cm3
0.01 mol
Concentration of lead(II) nitrate solution = = 1.25 M##
8 3
dm
1000

|!|CMEMH0041900033|!| |!|CSEMH0041900033|!|
What is the concentration of sulphate ions in a mixture of 30.0 cm3 of 1.0 M
Al2(SO4)3(aq) and 50.0 cm3 of 0.5 M Ba(NO3)2(aq)?
A. 0.18 M
B. 0.31 M
C. 0.81 M
D. 1.13 M

##C Ba2+(aq) + SO42−(aq) → BaSO4(s)
50.0
Number of moles of Ba2+ = 0.5 mol dm−3 × dm3 = 0.025 mol
1000
30.0
Number of moles of SO42− = 1.0 mol dm−3 × dm3 × 3 = 0.09 mol
1000
From the equation, mole ratio of Ba2+ : SO42− = 1 : 1.
∴ number of moles of SO42− not precipitated= (0.09 − 0.025) mol = 0.065 mol
0.065 mol
Concentration of SO42−(aq) = = 0.81 M##
(30.0 + 50.0) 3
dm
1000

|!|CMEMA0041900034|!| |!|CSEMA0041900034|!|
1.5 M sulphuric acid was added to 30.0 cm3 of 2.0 M potassium hydroxide solution
until the alkali was completely neutralized. What is the concentration of potassium

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sulphate in the resultant solution?

A. 0.20 M
B. 0.40 M
C. 0.60 M
D. 0.80 M

##C 2KOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
30.0
Number of moles of KOH present = 2.0 mol dm−3 × dm3 = 0.060 mol
1000
From the equation, mole ratio of KOH : K2SO4 = 2 : 1.
0.060 mol
∴ number of moles of H2SO4 required = = 0.030 mol
2
0.030 mol
Volume of H2SO4 required = −3
= 0.020 dm3 = 20.0 cm3
1.5 mol dm
From the equation, mole ratio of KOH : H2SO4 = 2 : 1.
∴ number of moles of K2SO4 produced = 0.030 mol
0.030 mol
Concentration of K2SO4 in the resultant solution = = 0.60 M##
20.0 + 30.0 3
dm
1000

|!|CMEMF0041900035|!| |!|CSEMF0041900035|!|
A mixture consists of 2 mol of calcium carbonate and 3 mol of potassium
hydrogencarbonate. What is the least volume of 2 M nitric acid required for the
reaction to produce the greatest amount of carbon dioxide?
A. 2.5 dm3
B. 3.0 dm3
C. 3.5 dm3
D. 4.0 dm3

##C CaCO3(s) + 2HNO3(aq) → Ca(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
From the equation, mole ratio of CaCO3 : HNO3 = 1 : 2.
∴ number of moles of HNO3 required = 2 × 2 mol = 4 mol
KHCO3(aq) + HNO3(aq) → KNO3(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
From the equation, mole ratio of KHCO3 : HNO3 = 1 : 1.
∴ number of moles of HNO3 required = 3 × 1 mol = 3 mol
Total number of moles of HNO3 required = (4 + 3) mol = 7 mol

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd

Chapter 19142
 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View
Part IV Acids and bases

7 mol
Volume of nitric acid required = −3
= 3.5 dm3##
2 mol dm

|!|CMEMF0041900036|!| |!|CSEMF0041900036|!|
The concentration of an acid solution is 2.0 M. 10.0 cm3 of this acid solution requires
40.0 cm3 of 1.0 M sodium hydroxide solution for complete neutralization. What is the
basicity of the acid?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

40.0
##B Number of moles of NaOH used = 1.0 mol dm−3 × dm3 = 0.04 mol
1000
10.0
Number of moles of the acid = 2.0 mol dm−3 × dm3 = 0.02 mol
1000
Number of moles of the acid 0.002 1
∵ = =
Number of moles of NaOH 0.004 2
∴ The acid is dibasic.##

|!|CMEMF0041900037|!| |!|CSEMF0041900037|!|
The formula of a solid tribasic acid is H3X. 3.89 g of the acid is dissolved in 250.0 cm3
of distilled water. 25.0 cm3 of the dilute solution requires 18.00 cm3 of 0.50 M sodium
hydroxide solution for complete neutralization. What is the molar mass of H 3X?
A. 100 g mol−1
B. 110 g mol−1
C. 120 g mol−1
D. 130 g mol−1

##D H3X + 3NaOH → Na3X + 3H2O
18.00 3
Number of moles of NaOH used = 0.50 mol dm−3 × dm = 0.009 mol
1000
From the equation, mole ratio of H3X : NaOH = 1:3.
0.009 mol
∴ number of moles of H3X in 25.0 cm3 of diluted solution = = 0.003 mol
3
Number of moles of H3X in 250.0 cm3 of diluted solution = 0.03 mol
3.89 g
Molar mass of H3X = = 130 g mol−1##
0.03 mol

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd

Chapter 19143
 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View
Part IV Acids and bases

|!|CMEMF0041900038|!| |!|CSEMF0041900038|!|
The formula of a dibasic acid is H2L. 3.60 g of the acid was dissolved in water and
made up to 250.0 cm3 of solution. 25.0 cm3 of this solution requires 20.00 cm3 of 0.5
M NaOH(aq) for complete neutralization. What is the molar mass of H2L?
A. 72.0 g
B. 78.0 g
C. 360 g
D. 720 g

##A H2L(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2L(aq) + 2H2O(l)
20.00
Number of moles of sodium hydroxide used = 0.50 mol dm−3 × dm3 = 0.01 mol
1000
0.01 mol
∴ number of moles of H2L in 25.0 cm3 of diluted solution = = 0.005 mol
2
Number of moles of H2L in 250.0 cm3 of diluted solution = 0.05 mol
3.60 g
Molar mass of H2L = = 72.0 g mol−1##
0.05 mol

|!|CMEMF0041900039|!| |!|CSEMF0041900039|!|
0.53 g of a metal carbonate L2CO3 was dissolved in distilled water and made up to
30.0 cm3 of solution. The solution required 20.00 cm3 of 0.25 M sulphuric acid for
complete reaction. What is the relative atomic mass of metal L?
(Relative atomic masses: C = 12.0, O = 16.0)
A. 69.0
B. 39.0
C. 33.0
D. 23.0

##D L2CO3 + H2SO4 → L2SO4 + H2O + CO2
20.00
Number of moles of H2SO4 needed = 0.25 mol dm−3 × dm3 = 5.00 × 10−3 mol
1000
From the equation, mole ratio of L2CO3 : H2SO4 = 1 : 1.
∴ number of moles of L2CO3 present = 5.00 × 10−3 mol
0.53 g
Molar mass of L2CO3 = = 106.0 g mol−1
5.00  10 −3 mol
(106.0 − 12.0 − 16.0  3)
Relative atomic mass of L = = 23.0##
2

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd

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 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View
Part IV Acids and bases

|!|CMEMF0041900040|!| |!|CSEMF0041900040|!|
0.57 g of a sample of hydrated sodium carbonate Na2CO3 • nH2O required 20.0 cm3 of
0.20 M hydrochloric acid for complete neutralization. What is the number of
crystallization, n, in the formula?
(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, C = 12.0, O = 16.0, Na = 23.0)
A. 1
B. 5
C. 9
D. 10

##D Na2CO3 • nH2O(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + (n+1)H2O(l)
Molar mass of Na2CO3 • nH2O
= [23.0 × 2 + 12.0 + 16.0 × 3 + n(1.0 × 2 + 16.0)] g mol−1 = (106.0 + 18n) g mol−1
20.0
Number of moles of HCl = 0.20 mol dm−3 × dm3 = 0.004 mol
1000
From the equation, mole ratio of Na2CO3 • nH2O : HCl = 1:2.
0.004 mol
∴ number of moles of Na2CO3 • nH2O used = mol = 0.002 mol
2
0.57
= 0.002
106.0 + 18n
n = 10##

|!|CMEMF0041900041|!| |!|CSEMF0041900041|!|
1.05 g of a mixture of anhydrous sodium carbonate and sodium chloride was
dissolved in 50 cm3 of distilled water. The resultant solution required 28.50 cm3 of
0.15 M sulphuric acid for complete reaction. What is the percentage by mass of
anhydrous sodium carbonate in the mixture?
(Relative atomic masses: C = 12.0, O = 16.0, Na = 23.0)
A. 21.4 %
B. 43.8 %
C. 64.3 %
D. 85.6 %

##B Na2CO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
Number of moles of H2SO4 reacted with Na2CO3
28.50
= 0.15 mol dm−3 × dm3 = 0.0043 mol
1000

© Aristo Educational Press Ltd

Chapter 19145
 HKDSE CHEMISTRY — A Modern View
Part IV Acids and bases

From the equation, mole ratio of Na2CO3 : H2SO4 = 1:1.

Number of moles of Na2CO3 in the mixture = 0.0043 mol
Molar mass of Na2CO3 = (23.0 × 2 + 12.0 + 16.0 × 3) g mol−1 = 106.0 g mol−1
Mass of Na2CO3 in the mixture = 0.0043 mol × 106.0 g mol−1 = 0.46 g
0.46 g
Percentage by mass of Na2CO3 in the mixture = × 100% = 43.8%##
1.05 g

|!|CMEMF0041900042|!| |!|CSEMF0041900042|!|
A metal carbonate has the chemical formula MCO3. 50.0 cm3 of 1.5 M hydrochloric
acid was added to 3.82 g of the metal carbonate. The unreacted hydrochloric acid
required 26.50 cm3 of 0.50 M sodium hydroxide for complete neutralization. What is
the relative atomic mass of the metal?
(Relative atomic masses: C = 12.0, O = 16.0)
A. 52.0
B. 55.8
C. 58.7
D. 63.6

##D HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
26.50
Number of moles of NaOH = 0.50 mol dm−3 × dm3 = 0.0133 mol
1000

From the equation, mole ratio of HCl : NaOH = 1:1.

∴ number of moles of unreacted HCl = 0.0133 mol

Number of moles of HCl reacted with MCO3

50.0
= 1.5 mol dm−3 × dm3 − 0.0133 mol = 0.0617 mol
1000
MCO3 + 2HCl → MCl2 + H2O + CO2
From the equation, mole ratio of MCO3 : HCl = 1:2.
0.0617 mol
∴ number of moles of MCO3 present = = 0.0309 mol
2
3.82 g
Molar mass of MCO3 = = 123.6 g mol−1
0.0309 mol
Relative atomic mass of M = 123.6 − 12.0 − 16.0 × 3 = 63.6##

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Chapter 19146