IDP Report of Senior

UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP)
INTEGRATED DESIGN PROJECT 2
ENT440 Design Project

SEMESTER 1 2022/2023
GROUP 16
TITLE: SMART PORTABLE COLD STORAGE BOX
MENTOR : TS. DR ANAS BIN ABDUL RAHMAN

LECTURERS NAME : 1. ASSOC PROF.IR.DR FAUZIAH MAT
2. DR WAN MOHD SYAFIQ WAN SULONG
NO GROUP MEMBER MATRIC NO

1 MUHAMMAD ASYRAAF MUHTADI BIN MOHD ARSHAT 191110688
2 ZURFATIN BINTI ZULKIFLE 191110739
3 KONG WERN YIN 191110659
4 LEE HUI KHAI 201110759
Table of Content
Table of Content........................................................................................................................................... i
List of Figure ............................................................................................................................................... v
List of Table ................................................................................................................................................ ix
Chapter 1 : INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Problem Statement............................................................................................................................ 7
1.4 Objectives........................................................................................................................................... 8
1.5 Scopes ................................................................................................................................................. 8
Chapter 2 : INFORMATION ANALYSIS ............................................................................................... 9
2.1 Market Identification........................................................................................................................ 9
2.2 Benchmarking ................................................................................................................................. 10
2.3 Gathering Information ................................................................................................................... 12
2.3.1 Interview ................................................................................................................................... 12
2.3.2 Interview Highlight .................................................................................................................. 13
2.3.3 Location of HQ for Mautapau ................................................................................................ 15
2.3.4 Questionnaire ........................................................................................................................... 16
2.3.5 Survey Analysis ........................................................................................................................ 17
Chapter 3 : DESIGN SPECIFICATION ................................................................................................ 27
3.1 Customer Requirements ................................................................................................................. 27
3.2 Engineering Characteristics ........................................................................................................... 28
3.3 House of Quality.............................................................................................................................. 29
3.4 Product Design Specification ......................................................................................................... 32
Chapter 4 : CONCEPT GENERATIONS .............................................................................................. 34
4.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 34
4.2 Design Goal and Constraints ......................................................................................................... 34
4.3 Data, Information and Knowledge ................................................................................................ 35
4.4 Functional Decomposition .............................................................................................................. 36
4.4.1 Physical Decomposition ........................................................................................................... 36
4.4.2 Functional Basis ....................................................................................................................... 36
4.4.3 Systematic Design..................................................................................................................... 37
4.4.4 Functional Block Diagram ...................................................................................................... 37
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4.5 Morphological Chart ...................................................................................................................... 38
4.6 Context Diagram ............................................................................................................................. 39
4.7 Physic of Diagram Ideals ................................................................................................................ 39
4.7.1 Thermoelectric Cooler ............................................................................................................. 39
4.7.2 Energy Store in Battery ........................................................................................................... 40
4.7.3 Power Rating of Solar Panel ................................................................................................... 41
4.8 Concept Design ................................................................................................................................ 41
4.8.1 Concept 1 .................................................................................................................................. 42
4.8.2 Concept 2 .................................................................................................................................. 43
4.8.3 Concept 3 .................................................................................................................................. 44
4.8.4 Concept 4 .................................................................................................................................. 45
4.9 Design Parameters and Constraints .............................................................................................. 46
4.9.1 Power Generation .................................................................................................................... 46
4.9.2 Environmentally Friendly ....................................................................................................... 46
4.9.3 Green Environment ................................................................................................................. 47
4.9.4 Viability..................................................................................................................................... 47
4.9.5 Sustainability ............................................................................................................................ 48
4.9.6 Innovation ................................................................................................................................. 48
Chapter 5 : CONCEPTUAL DESIGN .................................................................................................... 49
5.1 Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) ................................................................................................ 49
5.2 Pugh Chart ...................................................................................................................................... 56
5.3 Weight Decision Matrix .................................................................................................................. 57
5.4 Selected Design Concept ................................................................................................................. 63
Chapter 6 : EMBODIMENT DESIGN ................................................................................................... 65
6.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................... 65
6.2 Physical Decomposition .................................................................................................................. 65
6.2.1 Key Subsystem ......................................................................................................................... 66
6.3 Product Architecture ...................................................................................................................... 69
6.4 Configuration Design ...................................................................................................................... 72
6.4.1 Material Selection .................................................................................................................... 72
6.4.2 Manufacturing Process ............................................................................................................ 74
6.4.3 Part Layout ............................................................................................................................... 75
6.5 Parametric Design ........................................................................................................................... 79
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6.5.1 Equation for Parametric Design ............................................................................................. 79
6.5.2 Calculation for Parametric Design ......................................................................................... 81
6.5.3 Design for Robustness .............................................................................................................. 83
6.5.4 Design for Reliability ............................................................................................................... 84
6.5.5 Design for Safety ...................................................................................................................... 84
6.5.6 Design for Ergonomic .............................................................................................................. 85
6.5.7 Design for Aesthetic ................................................................................................................. 86
Chapter 7 : DETAIL DESIGN AND PROTOTYPING ........................................................................ 87
7.1 Detailed Design Overview .............................................................................................................. 87
7.1.1 Schematic Diagram .................................................................................................................. 87
7.1.2 Technical Drawing ................................................................................................................... 88
7.2 Engineering Analysis of Prototype ................................................................................................ 90
7.2.1 Load Analysis ........................................................................................................................... 90
7.2.2 Steady State Thermal Analysis ............................................................................................... 93
7.3 Proof of Concept Prototype ............................................................................................................ 94
7.4 Bill of Materials ............................................................................................................................. 100
7.5 Economic Analysis on Project ...................................................................................................... 102
7.5.1 Company Profit ...................................................................................................................... 102
Chapter 8 : DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION ..................................................................................... 104
8.1 Concept and Prototype ................................................................................................................. 104
8.2 Discussion of Solution Justification ............................................................................................. 104
8.2.1 Discussion of Solution Prototyping ....................................................................................... 104
8.2.2 Discussion on Materials ......................................................................................................... 105
8.2.3 Discussion on Manufacturing Process.................................................................................. 105
8.2.4 Discussion on Cost.................................................................................................................. 105
8.3 Impact to Society ........................................................................................................................... 105
8.4 Ethical Issues ................................................................................................................................. 106
8.5 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 107
8.6 Recommendation........................................................................................................................... 108
REFERENCE .......................................................................................................................................... 109
APPENDIX .............................................................................................................................................. 111
Appendix 1 Question for Interview ................................................................................................... 111
Appendix 2 Questionnaire .................................................................................................................. 112
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Appendix 3 Interview Photo............................................................................................................... 115
Appendix 4 Coding of the prototype ................................................................................................. 117
Appendix 5 Flow Chart ...................................................................................................................... 121
iv
List of Figure
Figure 1.1: Frozen food items stocked up during COVID-19 outbreak Malaysia 2020 ................ 1
Figure 1.2: Mapping of Mid Term Review of the 11th Malaysia Plan and the SDG .................... 2
Figure 1.3: Malaysia’s GDP, SMEs GDP and Non-SMEs at Constant Prices-Annual Percentage
Change ........................................................................................................................................... 4
Figure 1.4: Annual Percentage Change of SMEs GDP by Kind of Economic Activity for
20182020 at Constant 2015 Prices ................................................................................................. 4
Figure 1.5: Mautapau delivery service ........................................................................................... 5
Figure 1.6: Rechargeable Li-Ion Battery ....................................................................................... 6
Figure 1.7: Solar Panel ................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 1.8: Thermoelectric Cooler ................................................................................................. 6
Figure 1.9: Peltier Cooling System ................................................................................................ 7
Figure 2.1: Foodpanda Delivery Box ........................................................................................... 10
Figure 2.2: Ice Cream Delivery Truck ......................................................................................... 10
Figure 2.3: Cooler Box ................................................................................................................ 10
Figure 2.4: Ice Cream Motorcycle ................................................................................................ 10
Figure 2.5: Small Refrigerator ..................................................................................................... 10
Figure 2.6: Interview session with Mautapau Sdn Bhd ................................................................ 14
Figure 2.7: Discussion about Mautapau Delivery Box ................................................................. 14
Figure 2.8: Discussion about the Delivery Rider .......................................................................... 15
Figure 2.9: Picture of Mautapau Box ............................................................................................ 15
Figure 2.10: Inside of Mautapau Box ........................................................................................... 15
Figure 2.11: Location of the HQ for Mautapau ............................................................................ 16
Figure 2.12: Gender of respondent ............................................................................................... 17
Figure 2.13: Age of respondent .................................................................................................... 18
Figure 2.14: Employee Classification ........................................................................................... 18
Figure 2.15: Company that respondent working at ....................................................................... 19
Figure 2.16: Percentage of ice cream delivery.............................................................................. 19
Figure 2.17: Reason does not do ice cream delivery .................................................................... 20
Figure 2.18: Detail explanation from respondents ........................................................................ 21
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Figure 2.19: Possibility to deliver ice cream in future .................................................................. 21
Figure 2.20: Reasons to not delivery ice cream in the future ....................................................... 22
Figure 2.21: Customer request for ice cream delivery .................................................................. 22
Figure 2.22: Response from the riders to ice cream delivery ....................................................... 23
Figure 2.23: Knowledge about Portable Cold Storage Box .......................................................... 23
Figure 2.24: Size of the product .................................................................................................... 24
Figure 2.25: Opinion about additional improvement .................................................................... 24
Figure 2.26: Suggestion for improvement .................................................................................... 25
Figure 2.27: Opinion to be integrated into existing delivery box ................................................. 25
Figure 3.1; House of Quality ........................................................................................................ 31
Figure 4.1: Physical Decomposition for Smart portable cold storage box ................................... 36
Figure 4.2: Black Box for Smart Portable Cold Storage Box ....................................................... 37
Figure 4.3: Function Structure of Smart Portable Cold Storage Box ........................................... 38
Figure 4.4: Context Diagram ........................................................................................................ 39
Figure 4.5: Thermoelectric Peltier module .................................................................................. 40
Figure 4.6: Schematic diagram of a Thermoelectric Cooler ........................................................ 40
Figure 4.7: Concept design 1 ........................................................................................................ 42
Figure 4.10: Concept design 4 ...................................................................................................... 45
Figure 5.1: Hierarchical objective tree.......................................................................................... 59
Figure 5.2: Objective tree for the design of Smart Portable Cold Storage Box............................ 59
Figure 5.3: Concept 4 CAD Drawing ........................................................................................... 63
Figure 5.4: Inner Part of the Smart Portable Cool Storage Box ................................................... 64
Figure 5.5: First Angle Projection Sketching for Concept 4 ........................................................ 64
Figure 6.1: Embodiment design stage .......................................................................................... 65
Figure 6.2: Key subsystem of smart portable cold storage box .................................................... 66
Figure 6.3: Cooler box .................................................................................................................. 66
Figure 6.4: Thermoelectric Cooler ................................................................................................ 67
Figure 6.5: NodeMCU EP8266..................................................................................................... 68
Figure 6.6: 12V 12AH Rechargeable Seal Lead Acid Battery ..................................................... 68
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Figure 6.7: Solar Panel .................................................................................................................. 68
Figure 6.8: Geometric Layout of Portable Cold Storage Box ...................................................... 70
Figure 6.9: Schematic diagram of Portable Cold Storage Box System. ....................................... 71
Figure 6.10: Thermoelectric Cooler .............................................................................................. 74
Figure 6.11: Layer of Solar Panel Monocrystalline ..................................................................... 75
Figure 6.12: Vinyl Laminated with Fabric Delivery Box ............................................................ 76
Figure 6.13: Thermoelectric Cooler .............................................................................................. 76
Figure 6.14: Single Relay ............................................................................................................. 76
Figure 6.15: LED Light................................................................................................................. 77
Figure 6.16: Lithium-Ion Battery .................................................................................................. 77
Figure 6.17: Monocrystalline Solar Panel .................................................................................... 77
Figure 6.18: Solar Controller ........................................................................................................ 78
Figure 6.19: ESP8266 WIFI Module ............................................................................................ 78
Figure 6.20: LCD I2C Display Screen .......................................................................................... 78
Figure 6.21: Schematic diagram for conduction and convection analysis.................................... 79
Figure 7.1: Schematic Drawing of the Microcontroller Circuit .................................................... 87
Figure 7.2: Wiring Circuit drawing for Solar Converter .............................................................. 88
Figure 7.3: Isometric of Smart Portable Cold Storage Box .......................................................... 89
Figure 7.4: Dimensional of Smart Portable Cold Storage Box ..................................................... 89
Figure 7.5: Material Properties for Polyethylene .......................................................................... 90
Figure 7.6: Meshing for cooler box body ..................................................................................... 91
Figure 7.7: Static structural application for cooler box body ....................................................... 91
Figure 7.8: Total deformation for cooler box body ...................................................................... 92
Figure 7.9: Equivalent stress of the cooler box body.................................................................... 92
Figure 7.10: Meshing for heat sink ............................................................................................... 93
Figure 7.11: Temperature for heat sink......................................................................................... 93
Figure 7.12: Total heat flux for heat sink ..................................................................................... 94
Figure 7.13: The inner of the chosen box ..................................................................................... 94
Figure 7.14: The outer of the chosen box ..................................................................................... 94
Figure 7.15: Cutting a rectangular hole ........................................................................................ 95
Figure 7.16: The big exhaust fan at outside .................................................................................. 95
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Figure 7.17: The small exhaust fan at inside ................................................................................ 95
Figure 7.18: Cutting the Polyfoam and wrap with aluminium foam ............................................ 96
Figure 7.19: The inner side of the box that covered with aluminium foam.................................. 96
Figure 7.20: Connect the electronic parts ..................................................................................... 97
Figure 7.21: Assembling of electronic parts ................................................................................. 97
Figure 7.22: Temperature and Humidity is reading at display screen .......................................... 97
Figure 7.23: Creating the base ...................................................................................................... 98
Figure 7.24: Installation the base on the box ................................................................................ 98
Figure 7.25: Electronic Circuit is then installed inside the DIY control box ............................... 98
Figure 7.26: Wire installation process to cooler box .................................................................... 99
Figure 7.27: Final prototype ......................................................................................................... 99
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List of Table
Table 2.1: Benchmarking of cold storage box .............................................................................. 10
Table 3.1: Design specification..................................................................................................... 32
Table 4.1: Standard Flow Classes and Member Flow Types ....................................................... 36
Table 4.2: Morphological Chart .................................................................................................... 38
Table 5.1: AHP’s Ratings for Pairwise Comparison of Selection Criteria ................................... 49
Table 5.2: Criteria Comparison Matrix[C] ................................................................................... 50
Table 5.3: Normalized Criteria Comparison Matrix [Norm C] .................................................... 50
Table 5.4: Consistency check for (W) for Smart Portable Cold Storage Box .............................. 51
Table 5.5: Criteria Decision Matrix [C] for Material ................................................................... 51
Table 5.6: Normalized Criteria Decision Matrix [Norm C] for Material ..................................... 52
Table 5.7: Consistency Check of Material .................................................................................... 52
Table 5.8: Criteria Decision Matrix [C] for Weight ..................................................................... 52
Table 5.9: Normalized Criteria Decision Matrix [Norm C] for Weight ....................................... 53
Table 5.10: Consistency Check of Weight ................................................................................... 53
Table 5.11: Criteria Decision Matrix [C] for Cost ........................................................................ 53
Table 5.12: Normalized Criteria Decision Matrix [Norm C] for Cost ......................................... 54
Table 5.13: Consistency Check of Cost ........................................................................................ 54
Table 5.14: Criteria Decision Matrix [C] for Volume .................................................................. 54
Table 5.15: Normalized Criteria Decision Matrix [Norm C] for Volume .................................... 55
Table 5.16: Consistency Check of Volume .................................................................................. 55
Table 5.17: Criteria Decision Matrix [C] for Durability............................................................... 55
Table 5.18: Normalized Criteria Decision Matrix [Norm C] for Durability ................................ 56
Table 5.19: Consistency Check of Durability ............................................................................... 56
Table 5.20: Pugh selection chart ................................................................................................... 58
Table 5.21: Weighting Factor ....................................................................................................... 60
Table 5.22: 11 points of the scale ................................................................................................. 60
Table 5.23: Weighted Decision Matrix ......................................................................................... 62
Table 6.1: Types of Insulation Materials and Mechanical Properties for Cooler Box ................. 73
Table 6.2: Types of Temperature Sensor ...................................................................................... 73
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Table 6.3: Part Layout................................................................................................................... 76
Table 7.1: BOM for Prototype .................................................................................................... 100
Table 7.2: BOM of Actual Product ............................................................................................. 101
Table 7.3: Economic analysis data and net profit calculation for 200 products ......................... 102
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Chapter 1 : INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
Nowadays, social distancing and dining restrictions accelerated on-demand food delivery
services due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The frozen food industry in Malaysia has been
witnessing a surging demand in the recent past. The frozen food market size in Malaysia was
valued at RM1285.96 billion in 2019 and is estimated to reach RM1783.95 billion by 2027,
registering a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4.2% from 2020 to 2027 [1].
Figure 1.1 shows that the frozen food items that Malaysians have been stocking up on
during the COVID-19 outbreak as of March 2020. A survey conducted by a VASE.AI platform
on Malaysian food shopping behavior found that 63 percent of respondents stated that they had
been stocking up on frozen fast food during that time.
Figure 1.1: Frozen food items stocked up during COVID-19 outbreak Malaysia 2020 [2]
Since the frozen food market has grown, the group of entrepreneurs fills up the gap for
the frozen food supply chain by arranging a door-to-door delivery. However, due to the lack of
cold storage delivery service, any significant temperature change will affect the quality of the
frozen foods during delivery.
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Cold Storage Box is a product that is able to provide storage for a reasonable volume of
frozen food with a constant low temperature for a reasonable period during door-to-door
delivery service. This product can maintain the frozen food at specific temperature to prevent it
from melting using thermoelectric coolers as the system and connected with rechargeable energy
and solar panel as power supply.
For the internet of thing (IOT), Arduino UNO can help to support Industrial Revolution
4.0 aspiration because it is a microcontroller board. It will be inserted coding inside the Arduino
to let the Arduino to function. Arduino is connected to an IoT application that can help to
visualize the sensor data in a quick, easy and secure way. Multiple devices can be connected to
each other and allow the exchange of real-time data. This application is also able to send real-
time push and notifications and users can monitor the data from anywhere using a simple user
interface.
As for support for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to transform our world,
GOAL 7 which is Affordable and Clean Energy will be implemented into our product Cold
Storage box to pursuing balance regional development and enhancing environmental
sustainability through green growth as shown in Figure 1.2.
Figure 1.2: Mapping of Mid Term Review of the 11th Malaysia Plan and the SDG [3]
2
To achieve the goals, the system will be added with solar panels to collect solar energy.
Solar energy is a renewable clean energy source and does not produce any harmful material to
the environment. Besides, the amount of sunlight received by Malaysia is comparatively longer.
For example, there are 2,200 hours of sunshine per year in total in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia [4].
Therefore, the large amount of sunlight received by Malaysia makes solar energy a better choice
to power the system. Solar energy collected can convert it to electrical energy which is a clean
and affordable type of energy.
1.2 Background
With the current pandemic issue where the Malaysian government had implemented a
movement control order (MCO) to overcome the spread of COVID-19, frozen food industries in
Malaysia have been experiencing rapid growth. Frozen food will always be in demand with
people’s changing lifestyles and the need for convenience. But the challenge is about
maintaining freshness and authentic taste in a competitive marketplace.
In order to prevent the spreading of the virus and ensure the delivered food is not perish
and is still in a good condition, the group came up with a product that can provide storage for a
reasonable volume of goods that requires to be stored at a low-temperature environment for a
reasonable period with a constant low temperature during door-to-door delivery service.
Reviewing the present state of affairs, the coronavirus outbreak has been proclaimed as a
worldwide health disruption, threatening the global economy at the same time. As the
phenomena are unprecedented, based on the time series of Malaysia’s GDP and SMEs GDP, the
growth of SMEs GDP is usually higher than Malaysia’s GDP. However, in 2020, the growth of
SMEs' GDP registered at negative 7.3 percent, which was lower than Malaysia's GDP for the
first time over the past 17 years since 2003. Figure 1.3 shows the percentages of the industrials.
3
Figure 1.3: Malaysia’s GDP, SMEs GDP and Non-SMEs at Constant Prices-Annual Percentage
Change [5]
SMEs value-added for the Services sector decreased 9.2 percent in 2020 from 7.5 percent
in the preceding year as shown in Figure 1.4. The sluggish momentum was due to the decline in
Wholesale & retail trade, food & beverages, and accommodation sub-sector which posted a
negative growth of 7.8 percent (2019: 7.7%).
Figure 1.4: Annual Percentage Change of SMEs GDP by Kind of Economic Activity for
20182020 at Constant 2015 Prices [5]
Considering the percentage for the service sector plummeted viciously in 2020 after the
construction sector, this project has found its way somehow to be a helping hand in order to help
small businesses apart from contributing to the world to overcome this pandemic.
4
As seen from Figure 1.1 where ice cream has taken about 30% of the food that
Malaysians have been stocking up on since the pandemic. The love for ice cream solidified amid
the pandemic when comfort food saw an incredible spike in demand as consumers remained
cooped up at home.
In a conversation with MARKETING-INTERACTIVE, in collaboration with Grab Ads,

Vorapol Leelavechbutr, head of ice cream, Southeast Asia, Unilever, said the monotony of
spending days at home during the pandemic saw consumer behaviors evolve. One such
fundamental change was the growing speed at which consumers made purchases when it came
to food and the premium price, they were willing to dish out for comfort and security [5].
As a matter of fact, Malaysians really love to eat ice cream, research has been done on
how to put a fresh spin on how consumers could get their hands on the ice cream they were
craving and do so without breaking a sweat. Apart from doing that, to support small businesses
there is a newly growing local delivery business that started off in 2021, Mautapau has been
chosen to be the target market.
Figure 1.5: Mautapau delivery service [6]
In 2021, CEO Mautapau Dr Saidatul Ardeenawatie Awang decided to launch a food

delivery service. Since knowing the other brand of food delivery services do not do the delivery
and take the order from the outskirts of town, she decided to do one which will help the people
there to enjoy the food all over the place without any restriction. Today, the base of Matapau in
Jitra is about to spread its outlets to Kangar and Sungai Petani [6].
However, while delivery orders for ice cream were picking up, ordering ice cream online
was still not yet a norm for many Malaysian consumers, and the awareness to do so was pretty
low. With the help of this project, hoping that consumers will be aware of this possibility and try
5
to order it. Meanwhile the ice cream team pinpoint potential locations where there was a high
demand for ice cream [7].
To enhance the accessibility of ice-cream products within a short span of time and ensure
speedy delivery to consumers [7], the group want to produce a Cold Storage Box that is able to
provide storage for a reasonable volume of ice cream with a constant low temperature for a
reasonable period during the door-to-door delivery service. This storage box can maintain the
ice cream at a specific temperature to prevent it from melting using thermoelectric coolers as the
system and connected with rechargeable energy and solar panel as power supply.
Figure 1.7: Solar Panel [19]
Figure 1.6: Rechargeable Li-Ion Battery [18]
Figure 1.8: Thermoelectric Cooler [8]
Thermoelectric coolers operate according to the Peltier effect. The effect creates a
temperature difference by transferring heat between two electrical junctions. A voltage is
applied across joined conductors to create an electric current. When the current flows through
6
the junctions of the two conductors, heat is removed at one junction and cooling occurs. Heat is
deposited at the other junction [8].
The main application of the Peltier effect is cooling. However, the Peltier effect can also
be used for heating or control of temperature. In every case, a DC voltage is required. Figure 1.9
shows the flowing air in the peltier cooling system.
Figure 1.9: Peltier Cooling System [8]
1.3 Problem Statement
Based on the research, there are some problems that will be faced by the ice cream
delivery service. The problem for the ice cream delivery service is:
1. Lack of a cooling system in the ice cream delivery service in the delivery box so it
cannot maintain a low temperature from 0°C to 15°C.
2. It's difficult to maintain the quality and freshness of the ice cream.
3. In this modern age, there is a lack of technological advancement in the ice cream
delivery box.
7
1.4 Objectives
After conducting research from the problems of ice cream delivery service, we have
found some way to solve these problems such as:
1. To combine the cooling system with the delivery box.
2. To ensure the freshness and quality of the ice cream in good condition by controlling the
temperature from 0°C to 15°C.
3. To implement the IR4.0 of internet of things onto the delivery box.
1.5 Scopes
Nowadays ice cream can be described as phenomenon in all country whether kids, young
people also old people like to eat ice cream because ice cream is one of the desserts that can
make our necks feel cold especially when it's hot weather time so what the most important
things that customer want is ice cream that cold and not melt when arrived at customer.
Due to some obstacles or issues that we face for this project, we need to limit our project
with some scopes to fulfill the theme that has been chosen:
1. Our Portable Cold Storage Box is designed for Ice Cream because Ice Cream does not
have delivery services yet.
2. Our Cold Storage Box is designed to be used for bike delivery services for Mautapau Sdn
Bhd.
3. Temperature should be maintained in a range of 0°C to 15°C to avoid ice cream from
thawing and melting.
4. Temperature at the box can be shown in the arduino display screen.
5. Shape of the box should be in cube or cuboid, but it still be portable and suitable for the
rider to put on the bike.
6. Cost for this project must be exact from the budget that has been given to us that is below
RM250.
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Chapter 2 : INFORMATION ANALYSIS
2.1 Market Identification
1. Identification of Customer
Customers are individuals or company that set the requirements of the product to make
sure the product is marketable once it is manufactured. There are two types of customers
involved for our product that is Delivery Company and Delivery Riders.
2. Delivery Company
Delivery Company is a company that provided door to door delivery for food or anything
else such as Foodpanda, Grabfood and Mautapau. There were two types of delivery been
provided that is delivery by bike and delivery by car. For this project we chose Mautapau as our
Delivery Company and delivery by bike as our market survey.
3. Delivery Riders
Delivery Riders is a person who works for Delivery Company whose job is to deliver
foods, letters and packages using motorcycle or bicycle. They use delivery box to bring the
orders and put the box behind him on motorcycle.
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2.2 Benchmarking
Table 2.1: Benchmarking of cold storage box
Products
Figure 2.1: Figure 2.2: Ice Figure 2.4: Ice
Figure 2.3: Figure 2.5: Small
Foodpanda Cream Delivery Cream
Cooler Box [11] Refrigerator [12]
Delivery Box [9] Truck [10] Motorcycle
Capacity 80L 28316L 13L 100L 50L

Cooling
No Yes No Yes Yes
System
Durability Medium Strong Medium Strong Strong
Portability Yes No Yes No No
Weight Light Heavy Light Heavy Medium
Vinyl Laminated
Material Metal PU or EPS Metal Metal
with Fabric
Cost Low High Low Medium Medium
Low without
Food Quality
Low High ice High High
Assurance
High with ice
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-It can deliver ice -It has a larger -The weight is -It is easy to -It can store
cream in a short capacity to light can take it make sales anything inside
period while in deliver big anywhere. around the it in medium
traffic jam. quantity of ice resident area. quantity.
cream. -The cost
-Low initial is less. -The customers -It has two
expenses. -It can can make their parts of space,
maintenance the choice in front 1 is for the
cool temperature of the seller. frozen and
in a long another is for
distance. cooling part.
Advantages So, you can
-It can deliver or choose which
supply large part do you
amount of ice want you put
cream to in.
company and
-It can last
shop.
longer because
it only put
inside the
house.
-It cannot ensure -It is hard to -It required ice -It cannot make -It is not
the food is in the door-to-door to maintenance delivery because portable to take
good condition delivery in a the cool that kind of it anywhere
with it arrive. small quantity. temperature in motorcycle because the
the interior cannot drive too refrigerator
-It doesn’t have a -It cannot deliver space. fast. needs electric
cooling system to in a short period to operate it.
maintenance the because the truck -When the ice is
Disadvantages temperature. is big in size. putting inside
the space left is
-In the pre- decrease so the
cooling process, ice cream
it taking longer cannot put too
time to let the much.
interior space to
cool.
Table 2.1 focuses on outlining the different existing Cold Storage Box investigated to
develop a best new design to be integrated into the current storage box. It starts with the
11
system that been used in the current design to compete or make an improvement of cold
storage box in the current market. This benchmarking also as an idea to develop the solution
and gathering the design idea.5 existing cold storage box recently available are benchmarked.
2.3 Gathering Information
For our project we decided to divide our survey into two and become two types of survey.
First, we had Company Interview and we chose Mautapau Sdn Bhd as our target company run
the surveys through interview with a representative of Mautapau Sdn Bhd. The second one is we
had a Riders Survey and we run surveys through questionnaire in Google Form.
2.3.1 Interview
The interview is an important data gathering technique involving verbal communication

between the researcher and respondents. Interview is commonly used in survey designs. There
are many types of interviews, but we choose to do face to face interviews with company. This is
because face to face interview can ensure that the targeted participant is the respondent. We also
can ask the complex question and can see with our own eyes about their company operations.
For this interview we got a chance to interview with Miss Alia and Miss Aini as a customer
service in Mautapau HQ in Jitra, Kedah.
Generally, there are two categories, which are quantitative interviews and qualitative
interviews. As the name suggests, a quantitative interview is concerned with numbers, or the
quantity or frequency of something. For instance, some question asked in the interview was the
frequency of the orders by day, age of the company and numbers of riders in Mautapau Sdn Bhd.
Qualitative interviews are much more appropriate for collecting information about a
particular event. Here we got to know if the respondents involve in these industries or not. We
also will gain more knowledge as they tell us about their experiences in these industries. Unlike
quantitative interviews, which tend to be short and concise, qualitative interviews are usually
indepth and flexible to allow the interviewee the space to respond or tell their story. They also
can tell their opinion about our project.
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From this interview, we know the resistance of ice cream from melting depend on the
distance of delivery and speed of the riders also the temperature during the day. If it too hot, ice
cream will melt fast. From here, we also know the material of the current box that is vinyl
laminated with fabric. Based on ice cream delivery experiences by the company with the
distance about 2km-5km ice cream still in the good condition.
Therefore, the current box still has the weakness such as can’t hold the melting process
of the ice cream for too long and doesn’t have any cup holder in the box even though the box
can be put the wall inside to hold the cup but still not strong enough to withstand from
overturning. Their opinion is adding a cup holder into the box will be a great improvement.
Average the number of orders for a day is around 30-50 orders with just only 2 years the
company was established and only covered a few areas such as Jitra, Changlun and Kangar and
about to expand the business in Sungai Petani was a great achievement. Beside that we also
know the peak hour for the orders and the number of riders with them. The peak hour for the
orders is 57 pm and as of June 2022 they already have 54 riders. Their target customer was in
rural areas where the other companies do not deliver to the area.
They were interested with our improvement that we put in our product, but they said
some of the things need to be considered such as durability, weight, size and cost. This opinion
we will take it as a limitation that need to be taken carefully for our project.
2.3.2 Interview Highlight
Figure 2.6 shows the interview was attended by all the members with Miss Alia and
Miss Aini as representative of Mautapau Sdn Bhd in Mautapau HQ in Jitra, Kedah. In Figure 2.7
and 2.8 shows Miss Alia and Miss Aini showed and explain about the current delivery box used
by Mautapau’s riders. Figures 2.9 and 2.10 show the Delivery Box that Mautapau’s rider used
for delivery.
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Figure 2.6: Interview session with Mautapau Sdn Bhd
Figure 2.7: Discussion about Mautapau Delivery Box
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Figure 2.8: Discussion about the Delivery Rider
Figure 2.9: Picture of Mautapau Box Figure 2.10: Inside of Mautapau Box
2.3.3 Location of HQ for Mautapau
Figure 2.11 shows the location of the HQ for the Mautapau. The address is No.7, Taman
Mutiara Indah 06000 Jitra, Kedah.
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Figure 2.11: Location of the HQ for Mautapau
2.3.4 Questionnaire
To design a product that fulfil customer needs, survey must be distributed to targeted
customer and be analysed. A questionnaire is a useful information gathering tool that consisting
of a series of questions. This questionnaire has been divided into three sections, which are
Demographic Profile, General Overview and Product Overview.
The first section of the questionnaires is about general information of the respondents.
The general information of respondents helps us to understand more about the targeted customer
from few aspects such as gender and age. The personal information such as name, identification
number and education qualification were not included in the survey because it is not our main
concern as we want to hide their identity.
The second section is to collect the general view of respondents regarding the current
delivery box and the customer requirements. There are a few important questions that included
in this section about used of the current delivery box for ice cream delivery such as condition of
the ice cream and order request for ice cream. In addition, in this section our focus more to ice
cream delivery using the current delivery box.
For the last section is product overview where we asked the respondent about our
product regarding to specification and functional. In this section we also asked the respondent if
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this our product can be integrated into the current delivery box and also we asking their opinion
about our product improvement.
2.3.5 Survey Analysis
A survey was conducted to analyse the requirements and needs from the customers as
well as to get the exact information and feedback regarding the design of the project. This
survey was released for 5 days and been sent into the Rider’s WhatsApp group. There are 45
respondents’ feedback have been collected for this survey.
Section A – Demographic
Based on figure 2.12, the most respondents are male which is 80% and 20% for female from
total 45 respondents. From this result we find out that the majority gender in Delivery Rider’s
industry is male.
Figure 2.12: Gender of respondent
From figure 2.13 below, we found out that most of our respondents age range are between 18-24
year’s old which 53.3% occupied from total respondents. The second majority is 25-31 year’s
respondents which is 20% and then 17.8% for 32-38 years old. The remaining is above 38 years
old with 8.9%.
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Figure 2.13: Age of respondent
Based on figure 2.14, most of the respondent are come from part time as a Delivery’s Riders
with 73.3% and 26.7% was a full time Delivery’s Riders.
Figure 2.14: Employee Classification
From the figure 2.15, the respondent come from well-known company that has a huge number
of riders in Malaysia with 53.3% come from Grabfood while Foodpanda has 37.8% from the
respondent. The others were McDonald and Tapaw Delivery with each share the same
percentage that is 4.4%.
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Figure 2.15: Company that respondent working at
Section B – General Overview

Figure 2.16 shows percentage of ice cream delivery where can be figure out 62.2% from the
respondent ever delivery ice cream while 37.8% never delivered the ice cream.
Figure 2.16: Percentage of ice cream delivery
Figure 2.17 showed the condition of the ice cream that been successfully delivered to the
customer with 53.3% responses with bad condition while 46.7% said ice cream still in a good
condition when it’s been delivered.
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Figure 2.17: Condition of the ice cream
Figure 2.18 showed if the respondent said never do the ice cream delivery the reason to not do is
because of difficult to deliver and don’t have any ice cream order share the same percentage
with 24.2% of our respondent. Unsuitable delivery bag was chosen by 42.4% by the respondent
and 9.1% choose not to do ice cream delivery because of Ice cream company doesn’t provide
any delivery for ice cream.
Figure 2.17: Reason does not do ice cream delivery

Figure 2.19 showed the detail explanation about the reasons why the respondents did not do the
ice cream delivery. Most of the reasons that can be simplify is the ice cream was a thing that are
hard to deliver if didn’t have the suitable delivery box.
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Figure 2.18: Detail explanation from respondents
Figure 2.20 shows 93.3% of the responses said yes and interested to deliver ice cream in the
future as shown in figure 2.15 above. 6.7% of them said no to delivery ice cream in the future.
Figure 2.19: Possibility to deliver ice cream in future
Figure 2.21 showed the reasons of 8 responses from 45 respondent that chose No to delivery ice
cream in the future. Most of them complaint about their current delivery box or bag doesn’t suit
for ice cream delivery.
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Figure 2.20: Reasons to not delivery ice cream in the future
From the figure 2.22, 57.8% from the respondent has ever receive for ice cream delivery and
about 42.2% doesn’t receive any request for ice cream delivery.
Figure 2.21: Customer request for ice cream delivery
Figure 2.23 is a response from the riders to the customers if they ever receive any ice cream
delivery. Few of them accept the order but ice cream does not be in good condition while most
of the, rejected the request because don’t want to take a risk of ice cream melting.
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Figure 2.22: Response from the riders to ice cream delivery
Section C – Product Overview

In Figure 2.24, 57.8% from the respondent have ever heard and know about portable cold
storage box while 42.2% never hear about portable cold storage box.
Figure 2.23: Knowledge about Portable Cold Storage Box
Figure 2.25 showed 97.8% were agreed with the size and said it suitable for the delivery while
2.2% from the respondent disagreed with the size.
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Figure 2.24: Size of the product
From the figure 2.26, 48.9% from the respondent said this additional improvement does not
burden the riders.35.6% said maybe it can be a burden.13.3% choose not really burden and 2.2%
said yes it will be a burden for the riders.
Figure 2.25: Opinion about additional improvement
Figure 2.27 showed the suggestion from the respondent who said Yes or Maybe if the
improvement will be a burden for the delivery. What can be simplify from the suggestion, the
respondent want something that can secure ice cream from melt and less burden to them.
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Figure 2.26: Suggestion for improvement
Figure 2.28 shows with 97.8% from the respondent agreed if the improvement in this product
suitable to be integrated into the existing delivery box that has been using now while other 2.2%
said unsuitable to integrate this improvement into the current delivery box.
Figure 2.27: Opinion to be integrated into existing delivery box
From all the question that been asked, the improvement in this product can be conclude
as got the positive response. Many suggestions and input that come from the respondent who
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have more experience and knowledge about delivery box and can make this product get a better
improvement. With all the new specification and improvement this product will help the riders
in the future to deliver the ice cream. For sure, this product can be a new phenomenon to the ice
cream industry and delivery service.
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Chapter 3 : DESIGN SPECIFICATION
3.1 Customer Requirements
Based on the survey that has been done (Section 2.3), all the requirements and
information of the market and end-user groups for the portable cold storage box have been
identified. Eight customer requirements are finalized by the team members. The first customer
requirement is big capacity. The capacity of the box should be big and spacious enough to carry
a certain quantity of ice cream at a time so it would be easier and saves more time for delivery.
The second customer requirement is low temperature. Since the delivery will take some
time, the quality and freshness of the ice cream can change with even the slightest changes in
temperature, making it very important to utilize insulated delivery products that can keep it safe
during transport. Special care is required when shipping the product, which has to remain at a
fairly consistent temperature during transportation. High-performance insulated packaging
materials and a cooling system are needed to ensure it arrives with little to no damage from the
heat or cold that can be exposed during delivery.
The third customer requirement is safety and reliability. The Arduino and the sensor will
indicate the temperature changes which alert the user to ensure the safety of the ice cream
delivered. The power supply and materials used for the box will last a reasonable lifespan or
throughout continued use and can withstand potential challenges. The fourth customer
requirement is lightweight. The size and the weight of the box are bearable which makes it
portable and easy to move around (attach/detach) as it will make it easier for the rider to do the
delivery.
The fifth customer requirement is low electrical consumption. With the addition of solar
usage, the consumption of energy from the power supply is lower apart from being
environmentally friendly. The sixth customer requirement is water resistance. The material is
required to be water-resistant as it will be more durable and can withstand different types of
weather.
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The seventh customer requirement is high-capacity battery health. Battery life is the
amount of time the device runs before it needs to be recharged. The usage of a rechargeable
lithium-ion battery will increase the battery lifespan where the amount of time the battery lasts
until it needs to be replaced. The addition of solar and rechargeable batteries will maximize both
the power supply and will help the user get the most out of the device. The final customer
requirement is the affordability of the device. One of the power supplies for this device is a solar
panel that turns energy from natural sunlight that doesn't require any additional cost. Apart from
that, this device uses a rechargeable battery where the battery can be reused instead of buying
the new one which saves a lot of costs.
3.2 Engineering Characteristics
After finalizing the customer requirements that had been discussed in section 3.1, the
team has been researching to manage engineering characteristics. Nine engineering
characteristics had been identified, and the first is the volume. The device provides a reasonable
amount of space and volume of goods that require to be stored at a low-temperature environment
for a reasonable period with a constant low temperature during door-to-door delivery service.
The second engineering characteristic is material. The material that has been used in the system
can resist various environmental changes.
The third engineering characteristic is the use of sensors. The sensor will blink green or
red lights as a warning which indicates changes in temperature that can make the user aware of
the temperature inside the device. It is important as it will detect the drastic changes in
temperature apart from having a screen that displays the current temperature. The fourth
engineering characteristic is weight. Since the material that has been used in agriculture is better
to be in light material that satisfies the customer need for both sides where the productivity will
not be affected and enhance the user comfortability. On the other hand, in case the user wants to
change the location of the implementation of the product where it will be easier to have it with a
lightweight material.
The fifth engineering characteristic is durability. The material should be durable in

general, for example, the material used should be corrosion resistant where the material resists
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the humidity in the environment. The material also should be water-resistant as it needs to avoid
getting drenched especially when raining. On the other hand, the spare part and the cooling
system should be durable where it can stand for a longer period. The sixth engineering
characteristic is time. Like with any device it requires some time particularly for the device to
cool at a certain temperature so the time taken to cool the inside of the storage box should be
short and only take a while. Apart from that, as any system require a certain period of
installation, this particular design should not take that much time since the product is simple and
does not require more time to attach or detach the device to the motorcycle.
The seventh engineering characteristic is solar. The addition of solar into the product
makes it more environmentally friendly as it turns the natural sunlight into the power supply.
Aside from that the cost of power supply can be cut short as it uses a renewable source which
then will convert to electrical energy. The eighth engineering characteristic is the battery. By
using a rechargeable lithium-ion battery it can be reused a few times where the maintenance of
the power supply can be decreased. Since it is rechargeable, the capacity for the power supply to
last long is higher so it will be beneficial for the long run.
The last engineering characteristic is cost. Compared with other available products, this
product is found to be more affordable and cheaper in terms of the properties that this device
provides. The range budget for this product is exceptionally lower with the benefits, the cooling
system, and materials provided used.
3.3 House of Quality
Quality function deployment (QFD) is planning and problem solving focusing on the
customer requirements that have been collected from market surveys. This method is to identify
the important sets of requirements and technical characteristics that may contribute to satisfying
the requirements. QFD is a large graphical method that helps design teams systematically
identify all the elements that go into the product development process and create the relationship
between the main parameters at each process step.
This method is to determine the important set of the requirement from a survey in section
2.3 and used to identify the technical characteristic that most contribute to satisfying the
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customer's need. House of Quality (HOQ) will be translated in graphical that aids a design team
in systematically create the relationship metric between parameters.
QFD product planning stage is called the House of Quality (HOQ). HOQ consisted of 8
Rooms (Figure 3.1), and Room 4 is the central goal of the relationship between customer
requirements and engineering characteristics. Room 1 is the customer requirement that collects
from Section 2 .3 and 3 .1. Gathering data from the market survey (Section 2.1) will be listed in
Rooms 6 and 7 to make an analysis and assessment of competing products. The relationship
between Room 1 and 2, will exit at Room 8, which is the target value. Room 8 is to guides the
selection and evaluation of potential design concepts.
The HOQ in Figure 3.1 shows the most important engineering characteristic to design
the product is a cost, volume, and time. This three-parameter is important to develop a portable
cold storage box. The cost of the product is the most important as this product provides features
that will be the most beneficial to the user at a cheaper price. Besides, the volume of the cold
storage box is also an important factor. The big capacity volume of the cold storage box is
important to bring a reasonable volume of goods that require to be stored at a low-temperature
environment for a reasonable period with a constant low temperature during door-to-door
delivery service. Finally, the time taken for this product. This product must have a short time for
the cooling system to operate and ensure the inside temperature is cold enough. Besides, the
time taken for this product to install (attach and detach) from the motorcycle should not be long.
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Figure 3.1; House of Quality
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3.4 Product Design Specification
Table 3.1: Design specification
Product Design Specification: Smart portable cold storage box
Product Design Specification Physical Description
● Name: Smart portable cold storage box. ● Solar panel
● A product that will help to provide ● Rechargeable Lithium-ion battery
storage for a reasonable volume of goods ● Arduino system
that require to be stored at a low ● Thermoelectric Peltier
temperature environment for a ● 30L box
reasonable period with a constant low ● Material of the box: Vinyl laminated with
temperature during door-to-door delivery fabric.
service. ● Weight Target of the Product: TBD
Special Features Manufacturing Specifications

● A sensor that detects temperature ● Manufacturing requirements: The systems
changes. and components will be manufactured at
● A solar panel that converts sunlight to the factory.
electrical energy as a power supply. ● Suppliers: To be determined
● Arduino is used to operating and sense
temperature changes.
Market Identification
● Description of target market: Ice cream
Key Performance Target
company.
● The sensor detects any temperature
● Anticipated market demand: 60 units/ year
changes and gives a warning to the user.
● Competing products: Current delivery
● The solar used renewable energy and
brand product.
converts it to electrical energy.
● Brand name: foodpanda, grabfood.
● The cooling system used can ensure the
delivered product is still in a good
Life Cycle Target
condition.
● Useful life: 5 years
● Minimal maintenance required.
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Service Environment ● Broken components can be replaced by a
● Outdoor and indoor environment. component that is already available in the
market.
Key Project Deadlines ● Reliability: To be determined.
● 14 weeks to propose the project and
finalize the design. Financial Requirements
● Target advertising for local ice cream ● Pricing policy over the life cycle: Involve a
companies. small range of budget to accomplish this
● Time to complete the project: TBD product.
● Warranty policy: 3 months
Social Political and Legal Requirements
● Expected financial performance: TBD
● Safety and environmental regulation will
● Level of capital investment required: TBD
be followed.
● Standard: Road Transport Act 1987,
Road Transport Rules.
● Safety and product labiality: All safety
precautions will be followed in the
installation process to avoid injuries.
● Intellectual property: Will investigate the
patent potential.
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Chapter 4 : CONCEPT GENERATIONS
4.1 Overview
In this chapter, we'll develop concepts one by one once we've gathered all of the client
demands and product market specifications. A few methods are used in the generation of
concept, which includes physical decomposition, functional block diagram, morphological chart
and Pugh chart. Physical decomposition is whereby the device is being dissected into smaller
parts, and further understanding is developed towards its component, respectively. The
functional block diagram is similar to the methods of physical decomposition but in terms of
functions as the function of the device is to break down into smaller sub-functions and the
process flow is planned out and drawn out to have a general look on how the whole device
might work. The morphological chart is a continuation of the functional block diagram and
physical decomposition as the functional block diagram will show smaller sub-problems which
will process to find the solutions with the respective parts or components. A few concepts will
be generated based on the morphological chart, and the best concept will be chosen in the next
chapter.
4.2 Design Goal and Constraints
The design of the machine system is focused on the smart portable cold storage box that
can provide storage for a reasonable volume of frozen food with a constant low temperature for
a reasonable period during door-to-door delivery service. This product can maintain the frozen
food at specific temperature to prevent it from melting using thermoelectric coolers as the
system and connected with rechargeable energy and solar panel as power supply. Moreover, this
product will be added with sensor and Arduino uno to detect the temperature inside the cooler
box and allow the exchange of real-time data.
Despite that, in order to consider all the selected factor in our product design it must
involve with the cost. It might be difficult or impossible to create a product design that have
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high reliability and performance with portable cold storage box in such a low cost. Our product
has electrical engine powered by the solar panel, by that few more factors must be considered in
the process of designing so that it safer to use.
4.3 Data, Information and Knowledge
With the current pandemic issue where the Malaysian government had implemented a
movement control order (MCO) to overcome the spread of COVID-19, frozen food industries in
Malaysia have been experiencing rapid growth. Frozen food will always be in demand with
people’s changing lifestyles and the need for convenience. But the challenge is about
maintaining freshness and authentic taste in a competitive marketplace.
Based on our research from riders, we can see that most of them think that ice cream
delivery usually will lead to bad condition of ice cream and this can be due to the unsuitable
delivery bag. The design of the Smart Portable Cold Storage Box has been developed
accordingly to the reliability, stability and the safety to compete with other design product in the
market. We can assure that our product might have the potential to give a lot of convenient to
Malaysians.
To enhance the accessibility of ice-cream products within a short span of time and ensure
speedy delivery to consumers, we come out with a solution of combining the cooling system
with the delivery box. This can help to ensure the freshness and quality of the ice cream in good
condition by controlling the temperature from -4°C to 0°C. With the help of technology
advancement IR4.0 of internet of things will be implemented into this product.
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4.4 Functional Decomposition
4.4.1 Physical Decomposition
Figure 4.1: Physical Decomposition for Smart portable cold storage box
4.4.2 Functional Basis
A function basic shows the flow of classes that are energy, materials and the signal transmission.
The Table 4.1 shows the several type of energy, material and signal that will use in this project.
Table 4.1: Standard Flow Classes and Member Flow Types
Flow Classes
Energy Material Signal
Human energy Cool air Temperature

Electrical energy Connector wire Notification
Mechanical energy Battery
Solar energy Solar panel
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4.4.3 Systematic Design
The figures below show the black box of the smart portable cold storage box. This black
box indicates that there is input from the energy and material. For the energy, it is human energy,
electrical energy, and solar energy. The material for this black box would be the battery and the
solar panel.
In addition, the output of this black box is the cooling energy that makes the
product cold. Furthermore, the output of this black box is there is a temperature display on
the smart cold storage box. There also have a sensor device that functions to connect with
the apps on the smartphone or devices.
Figure 4.2: Black Box for Smart Portable Cold Storage Box
4.4.4 Functional Block Diagram
Function decomposition produces a diagram called a function structure. The functional

structure block diagram refers to a complete flow of energy, materials and signal with the arrow
point the way between the function blocks. From the Figure 4.3 shows the function structure of
Smart Portable Cold Storage Box. In the beginning, the human energy will switch ON the
Arduino to let the solar panel to absorb sunlight to produce solar energy to electric energy to
regulator/ converter. Then the regulator will pass the electrical to battery to store and use in
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thermoelectric cooler to cool up the storage box. The signal of the temperature sensor will sense
the value of temperature and send the signal to display screen and mobile phone.
Figure 4.3: Function Structure of Smart Portable Cold Storage Box
4.5 Morphological Chart

Table 4.2: Morphological Chart
Functionality Solution 1 Solution 2 Solution 3

Cooling System Dry Ice Refrigerant 134a Thermoelectric cooler
To detect the Thermistor RTD sensor Thermocouple

temperature
To control the system Arduino UNO Raspberry PI NodeMCU ESP8266
and program
Material Polystyrene Foam Vinyl laminate with
fabric
Power supply and Lead Acid Battery Lithium battery Nickel ion battery
store electrical energy
To collect solar energy Mono-crystallize Poly-crystallize Solar Thin-film Solar Panel
Solar Panel Panel
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4.6 Context Diagram
The context diagram shows how the entire system interacts with the environment and the
entities that it encounters. This diagram shows a high-level view of the overall system. Figure
4.4 shows the context diagram of smart portable cold storage box.
Figure 4.4: Context Diagram
4.7 Physic of Diagram Ideals
4.7.1 Thermoelectric Cooler
The working principle of the portable thermoelectric cooler is there's something called a
Peltier plate, and it's the Peltier plate that makes the cooler cool. Thermoelectric cooler uses the
Peltier effect to create a heat flux at the junction of two different types of materials. Figure 4.5
shows the components of the thermoelectric peltier module.
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Figure 4.5: Thermoelectric Peltier module [13]
This means that the device has two sides, and when a DC electric current flows through
the device, it brings heat from one side to the other, so that one side gets cooler while the other
gets hotter. The cold end of the Peltier is inside of the fridge, keeping the items inside chilled,
and the hot end is outside of the fridge, releasing the warmth into the outside environment.
Figure 4.6 shows the schematic diagram of a thermoelectric cooler.
Figure 4.6: Schematic diagram of a Thermoelectric Cooler [14]
4.7.2 Energy Store in Battery
Solar power requirements need to be determined for the daily use of the system. There are
three main things need to be considered to use a solar panel in this system. The first requirement
is the value of energy can be stored in the battery:
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P = VI (1)
Where, P = Power (Power available in watt-hour)
V = Voltage (Battery Voltage)
I = Current (Battery size in AH)
The power calculated in watt-hours provides that amount of the energy needed for this system.
4.7.3 Power Rating of Solar Panel
Next, the size of the solar panel also needs to be determined to ensure it charges the
battery efficiently. To calculate the energy, it can supply the battery with:
𝑃𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 (2)
𝑁𝑠 =
𝑃𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟
Where, 𝑁𝑠 = number of solar panels needed
𝑃𝑠𝑦𝑠t𝑒𝑚 = Power in watt-hour whole system needed (battery).
𝑃𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 = Power in watt-hour each solar panel provided
4.8 Concept Design
There is total four concept designs which are proposed in this project from Figure 4.7 to
Figure 4.10. Among these four-concept design, the best design will be select by using decision
making-tools.
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4.8.1 Concept 1
Figure 4.7: Concept design 1

1. Polystyrene box
2. Separation board between cool and warm place
3. Dry ice
4. Arduino UNO
5. Temperature sensor: Thermistor
In this design, it will use Arduino as a main controller to control the temperature sensor and
send information to mobile phones. The important parts for this design are the dry ice and the
separation board. The dry ice is used to cool the place in the low temperature and for the
separation board is used to separate the cold and warm place.
The advantages of this design are it uses polystyrene as the material of the box because it
is an insulator box that can keep warm or cold. It also can be waterproof from the rainy day.
Besides that, the temperature sensor thermistor is low cost and it is best in sensitivity so it can
show the accuracy of the results.
The disadvantage of this design is the dry ice because it cannot last longer, it needs to
change and is not efficient, so it is not suitable for placing in this project box. The polystyrene
box is easy to damage because the material is soft.
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4.8.2 Concept 2
1. Dynamo generator 4. RTD sensor

2. Nickel iron battery 5. Raspberry Pi
3. Refrigerant 134-a with control spray 6. Vinyl laminated with fabric
unit
From the design concept 2, a dynamo generator is placed at the rim of the motorbike so it
can produce electric energy to store in nickel iron batteries. The battery will transfer the
electrical energy to the system of refrigerant 134-a to produce the cooling air inside the storage
box. The raspberry pi will receive the electric from the battery and it is connected to a
temperature sensor which is an RTD sensor.
The advantages of this design are the dynamo generator which produces electricity from
kinetic energy to electrical energy to charge the battery, also a kind of renewable energy. Next
for the nickel iron battery which is the battery can withstand overcharged, over-discharged and
short circuiting and last longer. Besides that, the box material is waterproof and inside part of
the box is covered with aluminium foil which is insulator. Lastly, the RTD sensor is the best in
accuracy. The disadvantages of this design are that the RTD sensor has less sensitivity and the
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circuitry is complex. After that, the refrigerant 134-a needs to change when the gas is finished so
it will increase the costing.
4.8.3 Concept 3

1. Monocrystalline solar panel 4. Lead-acid battery
2. Refrigerant 134-a with control spray 5. Thermocouple
unit 6. PIC operator
3. Vinyl laminated with fabric
From the design concept 3, this design concept of the box which is in the small capacity will
be put at the two sides of the motorbike. The lead-acid battery will be charged by the solar
energy that is collected by the thin-film solar panel. After that, the refrigerant 134-a will spray
out the cool air to the storage box. The PIC will receive electricity and produce a signal to the
thermocouple to collect temperature from the storage box.
The advantages of this design concept are the storage box is in small capacity so it is easier
to let the storage box cool in a short period of time. Then, the thermocouple is good in accuracy
and linearity; it can sense the temperature range in -267 °C to 2316°C. Lastly, the storage box of
the cover is used with magic tape to close together so the product inside will not split out easily.
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There are some disadvantages when the order of the delivery food is many; the two small
storage boxes are not enough places to put. Besides that, the temperature sensor thermocouple is
expensive compared to other temperature sensors.
4.8.4 Concept 4
1. Vinyl laminated with fabric 5. Arduino display screen

2. Thermistor 6. Arduino UNO
3. Monocrystalline solar panel 7. LED (green and red)
4. Lithium-ion battery with 8. Thermoelectric cooler
regulator/converter
For the final concept design, the monocrystalline solar panel and Arduino are the main
parts of this project. The monocrystalline solar panel absorbs the sunlight which is solar energy
will go through the converter then it changes to electrical energy to charge the lithium-ion
battery. The lithium-ion battery is used as a storage device and its main power supply to
electronic components such as thermoelectric cooler, Arduino and sensor. After that, inside the
thermoelectric cooler has a peltier, the function of the peltier is one side is cool and the other
side is hot. The Arduino sends a signal to the temperature sensor to sense the temperature and
then it sends it to the display screen to show the temperature. If the temperature is high, the red
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LED will light up and send the notification to the phone. If the temperature is low, the green
LED will light up.
There are some of the advantages in this design concept such as the monocrystalline
solar panel has high efficiency, and it also has a long lifespan. The lithium-ion battery is stable,
reliable and has a longer lifespan than other batteries. It also has a high density of energy which
is enough to power up high power requirements such as thermoelectric coolers. Besides that, it is
generally smaller and lighter and has a high energy storage efficiency.
The disadvantages of this design concept, the overall cost will be highest as the item is
more and fully electronic. Next, Arduino can run one code at a time, and it is slower than
raspberry pi and PIC.
4.9 Design Parameters and Constraints
4.9.1 Power Generation
One of the most challenging consumer products to ship, great care must be made in
making packaging and shipping choices, and being temperature-sensitive, ice cream is at risk of
melting in transit. When shipping frozen foods products, that’s a great way of safeguarding
quality and reducing the risk of refrigerant not lasting as long as required for delivery. By using
solar energy and a rechargeable battery as the main power source for a smart portable cold
storage box the shipping or delivery process will be easier as it has a higher energy supply from
natural sources. Moreover, this smart cold storage box is powered by a solar panel that uses
renewable energy which will reduce the costs for the company or the rider because there's no
need to continuously buy a power supply.
4.9.2 Environmentally Friendly
An environmentally friendly system helps to reduce the impact on the environment and
preserves natural resources. The importance of eco-friendly systems for the environment is
explained by using solar energy as an energy source to run the smart cold storage box as they
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will reduce pollution and reduce the cost. The decision to use a simple system as a sustainable
energy source also makes the business environmentally friendly, it not only benefits the
environment but also saves the cost.
4.9.3 Green Environment
In environmental friendliness, the clean energy produced by solar panels quickly

compensates for the energy required to manufacture them. Combined with other positive
environmental impacts, consumers can rest assured that solar panels have a substantial positive
effect on the environment.
• Renewable energy
Renewable energy is energy produced from sources that do not deplete or can be
replenished within a human's lifetime. The most common examples include wind, solar,
geothermal, biomass, and hydropower. This contrast with non-renewable sources such as fossil
fuels. Therefore, the use of solar energy will at least help the environment from pollution and
enhance reliability to supply electricity, and able to make use of smart cold storage box.
• Low operating cost
The usage of solar is quite expensive when using it for the first time. But, with this
installation, it can be long-term savings. Besides that, the cost of maintenance also will be low as
the product are durable and of good quality for a long time. Apart from that, the solar system has
a versatile installation and does not have a complicated manual to handle it. So it will ease the
user. The solar system is a system where energy efficiency can fully benefit from the ability of
the solar panel to convert sunlight energy into usable electricity.
4.9.4 Viability
It refers to making green technology economically feasible, which is creating jobs and
careers around green technology that truly help to protect the environment and our planet. Smart
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portable cold storage box uses less energy to deliver the product. Consequently, this will give
benefits because it helps to protect the environment.
4.9.5 Sustainability
Smart portable cold storage box started to evolve as new ideas on environmentally
friendly concepts to help the small-scale company to deliver ice cream effectively. The
emergence of smart custom transporter is a new approach to sustainability by using green
technology machinery such as solar energy-powered portable storage box.
4.9.6 Innovation
This refers to developing innovations in alternate technologies that are not harmful to the
environment and the people that use them. Usage of solar energy that supplies to the system is to
make use of a sustainable energy source that produces less pollution to the environment.
Furthermore, the smart custom storage box is an innovation to help the small-scale company in
the food and beverage sectors where usually it is hard to deliver their product.
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Chapter 5 : CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
5.1 Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a popular and widely used method for multi-
criteria decision making. It is consisting of qualitative and quantitative measurements. AHP
defines a pairwise, comparison-based method for determining relative ratings for the degree to
which each of a set of option fulfills each of the criteria. There are a few criteria that used in this
project such as cost, time, volume, material, solar, battery, sensor, weight and durability. Table
5.1 shows the rating system for a pairwise comparison of two criteria and explanation for each
rating. Table 5.2, Table 5.3 and Table 5.4 are used to make the comparison between the criteria
by the customer requirement.
Table 5.1: AHP’s Ratings for Pairwise Comparison of Selection Criteria
Rating Relative Rating of Importance of Two Explanation Rating

Factor Selection Criteria A and B
1 A and B have equal importance A and B both contribute equally to the
product’s overall success.
2 A is thought to be moderately more important A is slightly more important to product
than B success than B.
3 A is thought to be strongly more important than B A is strongly more important to product

success than B.
4 A is thought to be very much more important A’s dominance over B has been
than B demonstrated
5 A is demonstrated to have much more importance There is the highest possible degree of
than B evidence that proves A is more
important to product success than B.
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Table 5.2: Criteria Comparison Matrix[C]
Criteria Comparison Matrix (C)
Criteria Cost Time Volume Material Solar Battery Sensor Weight Durability
Cost 1.0 2.0 0.33 1.0 3.0 1.0 0.2 1.0 0.33
Time 0.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 2.0 0.33 0.5 0.33 1.0
Volume 3.0 2.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 1.0 0.33 1.0 3.0
Material 1.0 1.0 0.25 1.0 5.0 3.0 1.0 0.5 4.0
Solar 0.33 0.5 0.5 0.2 1.0 0.33 0.25 0.33 0.33
Battery 1.0 3.0 1.0 0.33 3.0 1.0 0.25 0.5 3.0
Sensor 1.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 4.0 4.0 1.0 0.25 2.0
Weight 4.0 3.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 4.0 1.0 4.0
Durability 0.5 1.0 0.33 0.25 3.0 0.33 0.5 0.25 1.0
Sum 12.33 15.5 7.91 10.78 26 12.99 8.03 5.16 18.66
Table 5.3: Normalized Criteria Comparison Matrix [Norm C]
Normalized Criteria Comparison Matrix (Norman C)

Criteria
Criteria Cost Time Volume Material Solar Battery Sensor Weight Durability Weights
{W}
Cost 0.0864 0.1290 0.0417 0.0782 0.1154 0.0625 0.0245 0.2268 0.0162 0.0868
Time 0.0432 0.0645 0.0632 0.0782 0.0769 0.0206 0.0613 0.0748 0.0492 0.0591
Volume 0.2591 0.1290 0.1264 0.3130 0.0769 0.0625 0.0404 0.2268 0.1476 0.1535
Material 0.0864 0.0645 0.0316 0.0782 0.1923 0.1876 0.1225 0.1134 0.1968 0.1193
Solar 0.0285 0.0323 0.0632 0.0156 0.0385 0.0206 0.0306 0.0748 0.0162 0.0356
Battery 0.0864 0.1935 0.1264 0.0258 0.1154 0.0626 0.0306 0.1134 0.1476 0.1002
Sensor 0.0864 0.1290 0.3792 0.0782 0.1538 0.2502 0.1225 0.0567 0.0984 0.1505
Weight 0.3454 0.1935 0.1264 0.1565 0.1154 0.1251 0.4902 0.2268 0.1968 0.2196
Durability 0.0432 0.0645 0.0417 0.0196 0.1153 0.0206 0.0614 0.0567 0.0492 0.0525
Sum 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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Table 5.4: Consistency check for (W) for Smart Portable Cold Storage Box
Consistency Check
{Ws}= {C}{W}1 {W} Criteria {Cons}={Wsi}/{Wi}

Weighted Sum Vector Weights Consistency Vector
0.8489 0.0868 9.7848
0.6029 0.0591 10.2000
1.6070 0.1535 10.4675
1.2522 0.1193 10.4997
0.3549 0.0356 9.96736
0.9687 0.1002 9.66972
1.6383 0.1505 10.8853
2.2550 0.2196 10.2703
0.5054 0.0525 9.63447
Average of {Cons}=λ 10.1533
Consistency Index, CI = (λ-n)/(n-1) = 0.1442

Consistency Ratio, CR = CI/RI = 0.0994
Is Comparison Consistent: CR<0.10 0.0994<0.10 Yes
Table 5.5: Criteria Decision Matrix [C] for Material
Material Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 Concept 4

Concept 1 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.25
Concept 2 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.33
Concept 3 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.5
Concept 4 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0
Sum 9.0 5.5 4.5 2.08
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Table 5.6: Normalized Criteria Decision Matrix [Norm C] for Material
Design Alternative
Material Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 Concept 4
Priorities {Pi}
Concept 1 0.11 0.09 0.11 0.12 0.1075
Concept 2 0.22 0.18 0.22 0.16 0.1950
Concept 3 0.22 0.18 0.22 0.24 0.2150
Concept 4 0.44 0.55 0.44 0.48 0.4775
Table 5.7: Consistency Check of Material
Weighted Sum Vector Design Alternative Consistency Vector

{Ws} = [C] {Pi} 1 Priorities {Pi} {Cons} = {Ws}/{Pi}
0.4319 0.1075 4.0174

0.7826 0.1950 4.0132
0.8638 0.2150 4.0174
1.9225 0.4775 4.0262
Average of {Cons} = λ 4.0186
Consistency Index, CI = (λ - n)/(n – 1) 0.0062
Consistency Ratio, CR = CI/RI 0.0070
Is Comparison Consistent: CR < 0.10 Yes
Table 5.8: Criteria Decision Matrix [C] for Weight
Weight Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 Concept 4

Concept 1 1.0 0.33 0.25 0.33
Concept 2 3.0 1.0 0.5 0.33
Concept 3 4.0 2.0 1.0 0.5
Concept 4 3.0 3.0 2.0 1.0
Sum 11.0 6.33 3.75 2.16
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Table 5.9: Normalized Criteria Decision Matrix [Norm C] for Weight
Design Alternative
Weight Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 Concept 4
Priorities {Pi}
Concept 1 0.091 0.052 0.067 0.153 0.091
Concept 2 0.273 0.158 0.133 0.153 0.179
Concept 3 0.364 0.316 0.267 0.231 0.294
Concept 4 0.273 0.474 0.533 0.463 0.436
Table 5.10: Consistency Check of Weight

{Ws} = [C]{Pi}1 Priorities {Pi} {Cons} = {Ws}/{Pi}
0.367 0.091 4.051

0.742 0.179 4.141
1.233 0.294 4.188
1.834 0.436 4.209
Table 5.11: Criteria Decision Matrix [C] for Cost
Cost Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 Concept 4

Concept 1 1.0 0.5 3.0 0.33
Concept 2 2.0 1.0 2.0 0.33
Concept 3 0.33 0.5 1.0 0.25
Concept 4 3.0 3.0 4.0 1.0
Sum 6.33 5.0 10.0 1.91
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Table 5.12: Normalized Criteria Decision Matrix [Norm C] for Cost
Design Alternative
Cost Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 Concept 4
Priorities {Pi}
Concept 1 0.158 0.1 0.3 0.173 0.183
Concept 2 0.316 0.2 0.2 0.173 0.222
Concept 3 0.0521 0.1 0.1 0.131 0.096
Concept 4 0.474 0.6 0.4 0.524 0.499
Table 5.13: Consistency Check of Cost

{Cons} = {Ws}/{Pi}
{Ws} = [C]{Pi}1 Priorities {Pi}
0.727 0.183 3.979
0.926 0.222 4.265
0.382 0.096 4.153
2.052 0.499 4.237
Consistency Index, CI = (λ - n)/ (n – 1) 0.053
Table 5.14: Criteria Decision Matrix [C] for Volume
Volume Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 Concept 4

Concept 1 1.0 1.0 4.0 0.5
Concept 2 1.0 1.0 4.0 0.5
Concept 3 0.25 0.25 1.0 0.25
Concept 4 2.0 2.0 4.0 1.0
Sum 4.25 4.25 13.0 2.25
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Table 5.15: Normalized Criteria Decision Matrix [Norm C] for Volume
Design Alternative
Volume Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 Concept 4
Priorities {Pi}
Concept 1 0.235 0.235 0.308 0.222 0.250
Concept 2 0.235 0.235 0.308 0.222 0.250
Concept 3 0.059 0.059 0.077 0.111 0.076
Concept 4 0.471 0.471 0.308 0.444 0.423
Table 5.16: Consistency Check of Volume

{Cons} = {Ws}/{Pi}
1.018 0.250 4.068
1.018 0.250 4.068
0.307 0.076 4.021
1.730 0.423 4.086
Table 5.17: Criteria Decision Matrix [C] for Durability
Durability Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 Concept 4

Concept 1 1.0 0.33 0.33 0.25
Concept 2 3.0 1.0 0.5 0.33
Concept 3 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.33
Concept 4 4.0 3.0 3.0 1.0
Sum 11.0 6.33 4.83 1.91
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Table 5.18: Normalized Criteria Decision Matrix [Norm C] for Durability
Design Alternative
Durability Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 Concept 4
Priorities {Pi}
Concept 1 0.091 0.052 0.068 0.131 0.086
Concept 2 0.273 0.158 0.104 0.173 0.177
Concept 3 0.273 0.316 0.207 0.173 0.242
Concept 4 0.364 0.474 0.621 0.524 0.496
Table 5.19: Consistency Check of Durability

{Cons} = {Ws}/{Pi}
0.348 0.086 4.063
0.718 0.177 4.062
1.016 0.242 4.196
2.094 0.496 4.226
5.2 Pugh Chart
Pugh chart method is implemented to determine the best concept to be used for the final
design of the device. Pugh chart method is used in two stages as all concept generated is
compared with a datum of an existing product in the market based on a different criterion to
determine which concept best concept.
To determine the best concept, each concept has been compared relative to a datum or
reference concept based on each criterion whether it is better than (+), poorer than (-), or about
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the same (S) as the reference concept. Thus, it is a relative comparison technique justify by the
person who determines. Food Panda Delivery Box as one of the competitive and benchmarked
products, has been chosen as the datum for the Pugh chart.
From table 5.20, it is clearly shown that concept 4 has the highest total weighted score of
5, with 7 plus rating and 2 minus rating. Next, followed by Concept 2 and concept 3 has the
which has 3 of the weighted score. The weighted score for concept 1 will be 2 with 5 plus rating
and 3 minus rating. Concept 4 have score for the time, volume, material, solar, battery, sensor
and durability. Therefore, the Pugh chart in Table 5.20 leads to a result that points to concept 4
as the best concept available among the other concepts generated.
5.3 Weight Decision Matrix
A weighted decision matrix is a decision matrix evaluates and prioritizes a list of options
and is a decision-making tool. The team first establishes a list of weighted criteria and then
evaluates each option against those criteria. This is a variation of the L-shaped matrix.
The first step is to identify the design criteria by which the concepts will be evaluated.
The product design specification is a prime source of this information. The design criteria are
defined as (1) cost, (2) portability, (3) low temperature, (4) capacity, (5) durability, (6) safety
and reliability, (7) low energy consumption.
The next step is to determine the weighting factor for each of the design criteria. To
determine the weighting factor, we need to construct a hierarchical objective tree (as shown in
Figure 5.1). This weighting factor is calculated by direct assignment based on the engineering
judgement. The construction of hierarchical objective tree will be easier to do because the
problem is broken into two levels. The weights of individual categories at each level of the tree
must be 1.0. For the first level, the weight cost is at 0.3 while quality in service at 0.7. Then, at
the level, it is easier to decide the weights between the characteristics that have been applied to
get the weighting factor. To get the weighting factor, the lower level multiplies with the weights
as it goes up to the chain.
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Table 5.20: Pugh selection chart
Pugh selection Chart for Food Panda Delivery Box
Concepts
Food Panda Delivery
Selection Criteria
Box 1 2 3 4
Cost - - - -
Time D + + + +
Volume S + - +
Material
A - + + +
Solar
T + - + +
Battery + + + +
Sensor U + + + +
Weight + - - -
Durability
M - + + +
# of Pluses 5 6 6 7
3 3 3 2
# of Minuses
Total Weighted Score 2 3 3 5
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Figure 5.1: Hierarchical objective tree
Figure 5.2: Objective tree for the design of Smart Portable Cold Storage Box
The weighting factors are determined from Figure 5.2 and Table 5.21. Note that four of
the design criteria are measured on an ordinal scale and also with a ratio scale. Besides, the score
for each concept, for each criterion, is determined by using the 11 points scale in Table 5.21.
When a criterion is based on a ratio scale changes its magnitude from one design concept to
another, it does not necessarily reflect linear changes in its score.
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Table 5.21: Weighting Factor
No Weighting Factor Calculation Values

1 Cost 0.3 x 1.0 0.30
2 Portability 0.2 x 0.7 x 1.0 0.14
3 Low Temperature 0.2 x 0.7 x 1.0 0.14
4 Capacity 0.1 x 0.7 x 1.0 0.07
5 Durability 0.2 x 0.7 x 1.0 0.14
6 Safety and Reliability 0.2 x 0.7 x 1.0 0.14
7 Low Energy Consumption 0.1 x 0.7 x 1.0 0.07
The new score is based on the team assessment of the suitability of the new designed
based on the description in Table 5.21. Based on Dieter and Schmidt (2009), the simplest way of
dealing with different criteria expressed in a variety of ways is to use points scale.
Table 5.22: 11 points of the scale
11 points scale Description

0 Totally useless solution
1 Very inadequate solution
2 Weak solution
3 Poor solution
4 Tolerable solution
5 Satisfactory solution
6 Good solution with a few drawbacks
7 Good solutions
8 Very good solutions
9 Excellent (exceeds the requirements)
10 Ideal solution
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From Table 5.22, the rating for each concept has been obtained. The purpose is to
determine the best concept design from the four concepts that have been introduced. From the
table weighted decision matrix indicates that the best overall design concept would be concept
design 4. The simplest procedure in comparing design alternatives is to add up the rating for
each concept and declare the concept with the highest rating as the winner for the concept design.
Concept 4 have the highest rating with the rating 6.26.
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Table 5.23: Weighted Decision Matrix
Weighted Decision Matrix

Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 Concept 4
Design Weight Units Magnitude Score Rating Magnitude Score Rating Magnitude Score Rating Magnitude Score Rating
criterion Factor
Cost 0.30 RM Low 6 1.80 High 3 0.9 Fair 5 1.5 Fair 5 1.5
Portability 0.14 N/A Fair 4 0.56 Low 3 0.42 Good 7 0.98 Good 6 0.84
Low
0.14 ℃ Good 7 0.98 Good 8 1.12 Good 7 0.98 Good 7 0.98
Temperature
Capacity 0.07 Liter Fair 5 0.35 Good 7 0.49 Low 2 0.14 Good 7 0.49
Durability 0.14 N/A Low 2 0.28 Good 7 0.98 Good 7 0.98 Good 7 0.98
Safety and
0.14 N/A Fair 5 0.7 Good 7 0.98 Low 3 0.42 Good 7 0.98
Reliability
Low Energy
0.07 W Fair 4 0.28 Low 3 0.21 Good 7 0.49 Good 7 0.49
Consumption
Total 4.95 5.1 5.49 6.26
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5.4 Selected Design Concept
Finally in this project, the conceptual design 4 is selected as the final design concept that
chooses due to the highest value obtained from AHP, weighted decision matrix and PUGH chart.
Figure 5.3 shows the computer aided design (CAD) for the concept design 4. The main
component of this concept design is by using renewable energy which is solar energy as source
for recharge the lithium-ion battery and power supply for Arduino. The Arduino will give signal
to temperature sensor, the temperature sensor will sense the temperature and send the signal to
display screen and mobile phone. In the smart portable cool storage box, the thermoelectric
cooler will transfer out the cool air inside the storage box. It is easier to human to see the
temperature in mobile phone and the display screen. Figure 5.4 shows the inner part of the smart
portable cool storage box.
Figure 5.3: Concept 4 CAD Drawing
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Figure 5.4: Inner Part of the Smart Portable Cool Storage Box
Figure 5.5: First Angle Projection Sketching for Concept 4
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Chapter 6 : EMBODIMENT DESIGN
6.1 Overview
Embodiment design is one of the main steps in the product design process. It specializes
in developing a better design layout which will contribute to the inception of an advanced
detailed design. But the layout obtained in the embodiment design may still be preliminary or
temporary and the definition of specific parameters can be finalized during the detailed design
[15]. This embodiment design stage will develop further commencing from the chosen concept
then aiming for technical and economic criteria including function, durability, production,
assembly, operation, and costs that need to be carried out. Other than that there are some
requirements needed to be considered which are aesthetic values, environmentally friendly, and
social issues that will be taken into consideration to have the best design in the end. Figure 6.1
shows the embodiment design that can be divided into three sections in embodiment design
phase activities which are Product Architecture, Design Configuration, and Parametric Design.
Figure 6.1: Embodiment design stage [15]
6.2 Physical Decomposition
Physical decomposition is a method by which an existing product or system can be

dissected to establish subsystems and components in Figure 6.2. It is a process that separates the
product or subassembly directly into its subsidiary sub-assemblies and components and
accurately describes how these parts are joint together to create the behavior of the product.
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Figure 6.2: Key subsystem of smart portable cold storage box
6.2.1 Key Subsystem
Figure 6.2 shows the physical decomposition of the Smart Portable Cold Storage Box
detail on the components. There are four subsystems that will define the Smart Portable Cold
Storage Box which are:
• Cooler Box – It consists of a cooler box in Figure 6.3 with specific materials which are
mostly an insulator that is convenient to control the temperature inside. Apart from that,
there is also a cup holder which functions as holding cups still during delivery.
Figure 6.3: Cooler box
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• Cooling System – Figure 6.4 shows the cooling system that used here is a thermoelectric
Peltier which the working principle used for the portable thermoelectric cooler called a
Peltier plate where the Peltier plate is the one that will make the cooler cool. The
thermoelectric cooler uses the Peltier effect to create a heat flux at the junction of two
different types of materials.
Figure 6.4: Thermoelectric Cooler
• Control System - In the control system, to ensure the whole system is controlled by some
devices and apps, an NodeMCU ESP8266 as shown in Figure 6.5 is used to run this
system. The ESP8266 will send a signal to the temperature sensor to sense the
temperature and then it sends it to the display screen to show the temperature. If the
temperature is high, the red LED will light up and send the notification to the phone. If
the temperature is low, the green LED will light up.
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Figure 6.5: NodeMCU EP8266
• Power Supply – It is responsible for supplying the power of the source to the system.
Power supply components used in the smart portable cold storage system are motorcycle
battery Figure 6.6 and solar panel Figure 6.7. Solar panel has high efficiency, uses
renewable energy and it also has a long lifespan. The solar system is a system where
energy efficiency can fully benefit from the ability of the solar panel to convert sunlight
energy into usable electricity. Meanwhile the rechargeable seal lead acid battery has a
longer lifespan than other batteries and also has a high density of energy which is enough
to power up high power requirements such as thermoelectric coolers.
Figure 6.6: 12V 12AH Rechargeable Seal Lead Acid Battery Figure 6.7: Solar Panel
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6.3 Product Architecture
Product architecture is the organization of some functional elements of the product and is
assigned to its constituent sub-systems. This definition connects architecture to system level
design and the principles of system engineering. The schematic diagram is originally a functional
block diagram but transferred to a schematic diagram by determining the physical components
that fit the functions and clustered the physical components into respective modules. The system
implements the slot-modular architecture, where each module requires different interfaces to
perform its respective functions. There are a total of 5 modules used in the system:
1. Solar energy module

2. Sensing and Display module
3. Thermal Structure module
4. Communication module
5. Storage Box module
Each module is self-explanatory, as stated in the names of each module. The solar energy
charges the module by a solar panel that will absorb the solar energy and convert it to electrical
energy. The electrical energy that is provided from the sunlight will be stored in the battery. Next,
the sensing module has a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor with its functions and will
send signals to the microcontroller to proceed with follow-up actions. The temperature control
module will be activated when it receives a low humidity signal from the humidity sensor, and it
will operate the system and a temperature display will be shown.
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5
Figure 6.8: Geometric Layout of Portable Cold Storage Box
70
Figure 6.9: Schematic diagram of Portable Cold Storage Box System.
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6.4 Configuration Design
Configuration design is similar to conceptual design where a fixed set of predefined

components can be interfaced in predefined ways. It is also the method to establish the shape and
general dimensions of components. Each component and part come from a different process or
manufacture. In this section, there are several types of term components used such as special-
purpose parts, standard parts and standard assemblies. The standard part is one that has a generic
function and is manufactured routinely without regard to a particular product such as bolts,
washers, rivets and I-beams. The special-purpose part is designed and manufactured for a
specific purpose. The configuration design phases include the analysis of design, forecasting the
part, generating the product and evaluating the conjugation alternative.
6.4.1 Material Selection
Material selection is the critical criteria for decision making throughout the product
development and also a step that is essential when designing a product. The main purpose of
material selection is to minimize the cost of production and identify suitable and appropriate
materials properties to avoid failure during the manufacturing or assembly process. By selecting
the best material we can based on the basic general criteria such as performance characteristics,
processing characteristics, environmental profile and business consideration.
Table 6.1 shows the type of insulation materials for the cooler box so the cooler air will
not easily transfer out from the inside. Our options for the materials were polyurethane (PU),
expanded polystyrene (EPS), glass fiber and polyethylene (PE). Consideration of the mechanical
properties such as density, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength and thermal conductivity were
essential for material selection to avoid failure during the operation. From Table 6.1 it can be
seen that the PU thermal conductivity coefficient is the lowest among the other materials so it
means the PU is a good thermal insulator and the PE is the worst thermal insulator because the
thermal conductivity coefficient is the highest. For the tensile strength the PU is also the highest
and the cost for the PU was not expensive.
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Table 6.1: Types of Insulation Materials and Mechanical Properties for Cooler Box
Mechanical Properties
Thermal
Density, ρ Modulus of Tensile Conductivity Specific Heat
Material Elasticity, E Strength, σy Coefficient, Capacity, C
(kg/m3)
(GPa) (MPa) λ (J/kgK)
(W/mK)
PU 100 3.45 79.18 0.023 2076
EPS 32 2.65 55 0.033 1131
Glass Fiber 1.5 72 78.83 0.050 800
PE 970 1.50 43 0.076 1550
In this project, temperature was the main objective for our projects so we need to choose
the best temperature sensor to help us in taking the temperature measurements correctly and
accurately. There were many types of temperature sensors but each type of sensor had their own
function, advantages and disadvantages. It's necessary to compare each type of sensor for their
specification and the temperature reading range to choose the most suitable temperature sensor in
this project.
Table 6.2: Types of Temperature Sensor
Temperature Sensor Advantages Disadvantages Price per unit

• High sensitivity to • Limited
small temperatures temperature range
changes. • Fragile
• Temperature • Self-heating error
Thermistor measurements • Externally RM2.60
become more powered
stable with use. • Output is non-
• Copper or nickel linear function
extension wires
can be used.
• Reasonable • High cost
RTD Sensor linearity • Slowest response RM30
• Higher accuracy time
• Lower drift • Low sensitivity to
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• Most stable over small temperature
time changes
• Most accurate • Self-heating
• Most repeatable
temperature
measurement
• Simple and • Low sensitivity to
Rugged small temperature
• High temperature changes
operation • Extensions wire
• Low cost must be of the
Thermocouple • Fastest response to same RM12
temperature thermocouple type
changes • Wire may pick up
• No external power radiated electrical
noise if not
shielded
• Lowest accuracy
6.4.2 Manufacturing Process
In this project, there will be some components that will be joined by some process. Firstly,
was the process of joining the thermoelectric cooler. We use the bolts and nuts to join a heat sink
to another heat sink and the exhaust fan will screw it at the heat sink. The peltier will be put
between the heat sink and an adhesive gel. Figure 6.10 shows the completed assembly of the
thermoelectric cooler.
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Next is the manufacture of solar panel that can be differentiate into two parts, that is cell
manufacturing and module process. Figure 6.11 shows the layer of solar panel monocrystalline
which is aluminium frame, tempered glass, encapsulant-EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate), cells,
backsheet and junction box. All of the components play an important role as the solar energy can
be maximised to good efficiency. Cell was produced by some process that is texturing (TXT),
diffusion (DIF), selective emitter laser (SE), cobaltous oxide (CO), phosphosilicate glass (PSG),
alkaline (ALK), oxidation (OX), annealing (ALO), coating (CVD), printing (PRT) and checking
(CTS). After the cell is processed, it will be sent to the module department to assemble the other
part of the solar panel. For the module process it includes soldering, laying up, lamination,
framing, junction box installation, curing and cleaning, flash and safety test. A quality solar
backsheet must be able to protect from violet radiation, humidity and vapor penetration and
dryness, wind, dust, sand and chemicals. EVA film is used to protect photovoltaic (PV) cells in
various weather conditions. Solar cells function to convert energy from sunlight into electricity.
Figure 6.11: Layer of Solar Panel Monocrystalline [16]
6.4.3 Part Layout
The part layout was the process of several materials and components combined and
became a type of product. Each type of materials and components had their own function and
different characteristics and description. Table 6.3 shows the parts that will be used in this
project.
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Table 6.3: Part Layout
NO Parts Material Description
1 • Used to keep the

delivery food
inside.
Fabric
outside and • Size is normal
aluminium
for all the riders
foil inside the
box. to take.
Figure 6.12: Vinyl Laminated with Fabric

Delivery Box [9]
2 • Used to give the

delivery box in
low temperature.
Aluminium
3 • Microcontroller
• Long life span
• Cut-off current
Semiconduct
or flow
• Open current
Figure 6.14: Single Relay flow
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4 • Used to see if the
box temperature
is normal or not.
Figure 6.15: LED Light
5 • Supply
electricity.
• Able to
recharged
hundreds of
Battery times and more

stable
Figure 6.16: Lithium-Ion Battery
• Have a good
efficiency
compared to
other
6 • Convert solar
energy to electric
energy.
• Higher
efficiency.
Solar Panel
• Have a high
temperature
coefficient.
Figure 6.17: Monocrystalline Solar Panel
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7 • To control the
battery from
overcharging.
Micro-
controller
Figure 6.18: Solar Controller
8 • Enable micro-
controller to
connect WIFI or
Semiconduct Bluetooth to
or (silicon)
control in the
Figure 6.19: ESP8266 WIFI Module mobile phone
app BLYNK.
9 • Shows the output

Semiconduct
or of the
temperature and
humidity.
• Easy to assembly
and coding.
Figure 6.20: LCD I2C Display Screen
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6.5 Parametric Design
6.5.1 Equation for Parametric Design
1) Heat transfer rate

Heat transfer rate by the cooler box is calculated using:
Figure 6.21: Schematic diagram for conduction and convection analysis

Heat transfer rate, Q:
𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟 −𝑇𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟
𝑄= (3)
∆𝑅
Where;
Tsurr is the surrounding air temperature (°C)
Tinner is the inner cool box temperature (°C)
R is the overall thermal resistance (K/W)
The overall thermal resistance (ΔR) is determined using the following formula:
Overall thermal resistance, R:
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1 1 1
∆R = + + (4)
hinner A k1 A hsurr A
Where;
A is the surface area of the cool box (m2)
hinner is inner convective heat transfer coefficient (W/m2K)
hsurr is surrounding convective heat transfer coefficient (W/ m2K)
L is the thickness of the insulating and cool box material (m)
k1 is the thermal conductivity of the insulating and cool box material(W/mK)
2) Battery
Time for the battery to charge and discharge is calculated using:
A(Ampere hour)
Battery charge and discharge = (5)
B(Ampere)
Where;
A = Battery total current per hour
B = Solar total current
Battery size in ampere per hour is calculated using:
Total load ×Back up time in hours(Ah)

Battery Size = Battery Voltage(V)
(6)
Where;
Ah = Ampere/hour
Total electrical energy storage system can supply calculated using:
𝐸 =𝐶×𝑉 (7)
E = Energy (J)
C = Capacity
V = Battery voltage
The power output of the battery is calculated using:
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𝑃 = 𝑉 × 𝐴 × ℎ [𝑊ℎ] (8)
V = Voltage
A = Current
h = Hour
3) Solar output power

𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼
Where;
P = Power consumption of solar panel (watt)
V = Voltage for solar panel
I = Current for solar panel
Solar Output is calculated using [17]:
𝑃𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 = 𝑃 × ℎ × 75% (9)
Where;
h = Average hours of sunlight in Malaysia
6.5.2 Calculation for Parametric Design
1) Heat transfer rate
Assumption
Tinner = 0℃
Tsurr = 25.4℃
hinner @ Tinner ≅ 30 W/m2K
hsurr @ Tsurr ≅ 10 W/m2K
k1 @ Tsurr = 0.02554 W/mk
A ≅ 0.0394m2
L ≅ 0.04m
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Solution
1 1 1
∆R = + +
hinner A k1 A hsurr A
1 0.04 1
= + +
𝑊 𝑊 W
(30 ) (0.0394𝑚2 ) (0.02554 𝑚𝐾 ) (0.0394𝑚2 ) (10 2 ) (0.0394𝑚2 )
𝑚2 K 𝑚 K
= (0.8460 + 39.7505+2.5381) K/W
= 43.1346K/W
𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟 − 𝑇𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟
𝑄=
∆𝑅
25.4 − 0
=
43.1346
= 0.5889𝑊
2) Battery
Solution
A(Ampere hour)
Battery charge and discharge =
B(Ampere)
20Ah
=
2.4A
= 8.333ℎ
Power output of the battery is calculated using

P = VAH
= 12V × 20Ah
= 240Watt hour
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3) Solar output power
Assumption
I. Solar panel absorbs heat 8 hours per day
II. Solar system losses 25% due to dust, voltage drop, and rain
Solution
Refer to the specification for the solar panel:
The continuous power is 50W
P = VI = 50 Watt
Psolar = P × h × 75%
= 50 Watt × 6h × 75%
=225Watt hour
∴ Total power developed by a solar in a day = 225Watt hour
6.5.3 Design for Robustness
Robustness is the state in which technology, product or process performance is minimally

sensitive to factors that cause variability in the engineering or user environment and aging at the
lowest production cost unit. Several experiments were conducted to assess the robustness of the
system. Smart portable cold storage box has its lifespan as an aid for the user to store frozen food
and it will end their use of life when their lifetime has been completed. However, the lifetime
still needs to depend on the user's behaviour.
The casing used for the box is another robust design. Due to some careless user factor, it
must have the ability to protect items such as solar panels, thermoelectric coolers, rechargeable
batteries, etc. This is to prevent the items from working very well even if some impact occurs.
Besides, the material which is vinyl laminated with fabric is used. It must have the
function to provide adequate heat insulation to maintain the temperature inside the cooler box
and also water resistance so that it can still function well even on a rainy day.
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6.5.4 Design for Reliability
Design for reliability describes the entire set of tools that support product and process
design, typically from early in the concept stage all the way through to product obsolescence,
this is to ensure that customer expectations for reliability are fully met throughout the life of the
product with low overall life-cycle costs. The major phases of a design of reliability contain
identifying, analysing, verifying and validating failures over time. In other words, design for
reliability is a systematic, streamlined, concurrent engineering program in which reliability
engineering is weaved into the total development cycle. It relies on an array of reliability
engineering tools along with a proper understanding of when and how to use these tools
throughout the design cycle. This process encompasses a variety of tools and practices and
describes the overall order of deployment that an organisation needs to follow in order to design
reliability into its products.
Smart portable cold storage box used the solar system as a power source to supply energy
to components. The solar system is a renewable energy source. It can be harnessed in all areas of
the world and available every day. Solar energy cannot be run out like other energy sources and
can be accessed as the sun exists. The solar charge controller function is to regulate the current
from solar panels to prevent the battery from overcharging. Overcharging can cause loss of
electrolyte, resulting in damage to the battery and sense when the battery is fully charged and
stop the amount of current flowing to the battery. A solar charge controller is designed to be
discharged over a long period and recharged many times.
6.5.5 Design for Safety
Design for safety is about integrating hazard identification and risk early in the design
process to eliminate or minimise injury risks throughout the life of a product. Safety is one of the
priorities of the project, design for safety included the exterior design, material selection and the
workflow design. Safety will usually be overlooked by a designer as most of the products existed
on the market are certified. Besides, safety design can minimise the potential risk to cause
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individual injury, property loss and it is friendly to the environment. Safety should not be
compromised anywhere.
Solar energy is renewable energy that has the least negative impact on the environment
compared to another energy source. Solar does not produce a greenhouse effect and pollutes the
water. It also does not create any noise pollution. Solar is designed as a low-risk device that
protects people from electric shock. Most solar charge controllers include a low voltage
disconnect feature. It will switch off the supply to the load if the battery voltage falls below the
cut-off voltage. Hence, it prevents the battery from permanent damage and increases life
expectancy.
In short, safety design might not look attractive, but it is crucial to be considered when
designing a product prototype. Safety products will not only ensure individual safety but also can
minimise the chance for future incidents to occur.
6.5.6 Design for Ergonomic
The ergonomic aims to create comfortable, safe and productive workspaces by bringing
human limitations and abilities into the design of a workspace. Ergonomics include the
individual’s body size, strength and abilities.
This product is able to assemble and to disassemble easily as almost most of the
components were joined together by fasteners. The sensor is designed to automatically detect the
temperature inside the cooler box and also it can automatically send notification to mobile
phones as the red LED will light up if the temperature is high and the green LED will light up if
the temperature is low. The users only need to check the mobile phone or display screen to verify
the temperature and LED shown.
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6.5.7 Design for Aesthetic
Design aesthetics includes factors such as balance, pattern, colour, and shape. Aesthetic
design influences how people think and feel. It influences how much pleasure we feel from the
product. Aesthetic design matters not only to make the first impression, but also to keep
strengthening the bond with the user.
The aesthetic in the design of this product is all the wires that were used for circuit
connection and sensor coding were neatly arranged in a cooler box. Cable wiring management is
important to create a pleasing and visually clean work environment. Well organised wiring
cables will improve the airflow and prevent the wire from being exposed to sunlight and causing
overheating and rain that will cause short circuits to happen. The design aesthetic for cable
wiring is to avoid tangled and complicated cable disasters. The items such as solar panel,
thermoelectric cooler, rechargeable battery, etc. are needed to be arranged in a systematic order
so that the system will look beautiful and tidy.
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Chapter 7 : DETAIL DESIGN AND PROTOTYPING
7.1 Detailed Design Overview
All the detail design is an overall process that included conceptual design, embodiment
design and performed professionally and finalised decision and created a good design. This
section will consist of schematic drawing for electronic circuits and electrical wiring and the
technical drawing will consist of a full 3D model of the physical appearances of this prototype
and also includes the dimensions of the prototype. Moreover, this phase can help to estimate the
cost.
7.1.1 Schematic Diagram
The figure 7.1 shows a full circuit for the microcontroller that consists of electronic
components such as ESP8266 NodeMCU, single relay, LCD I2C display screen, DHT22
temperature sensor, LED and resistor that are used in the prototype Smart Portable Cold Storage
Box. The function of the circuit is when the temperature sensor reaches the high temperature that
is set in the coding, the relay will open the circuit to let the thermoelectric cooler to run and the
red LED will light up. When the temperature is reaching the low temperature, the relay will cut
off the current flow and the thermoelectric cooler will stop then the green LED light up.
Figure 7.1: Schematic Drawing of the Microcontroller Circuit
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Figure 7.2 shows the wiring connection for solar panel to solar converter and transfer to
battery, thermoelectric cooler and microcontroller ESP8266. The battery is a 12V 12AH
Rechargeable Seal Lead Acid Battery so the solar panel can charge the battery and the battery
will transfer power to the solar controller and go through thermoelectric cooler and ESP8266.
Figure 7.2: Wiring Circuit drawing for Solar Converter
7.1.2 Technical Drawing
The technical drawing with 3D and dimension for this prototype will be presented in this
section and the drawing is drawn by CATIA V5. The dimensions that were used in this prototype
is in millimetres (mm). Figure 7.3 shows the isometric view of the prototype while figure 7.4
shows the dimension or drafting of the prototype. The prototype will be placed at the back of the
motorcycle like a delivery box.
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.
Figure 7.3: Isometric of Smart Portable Cold Storage Box
Figure 7.4: Dimensional of Smart Portable Cold Storage Box
89
7.2 Engineering Analysis of Prototype
In this project, 3 dimensional models will be developed using CATIA V5 software and
applied with the static structural analysis in ANSYS R19.2. In order to analyse the deformation,
stress and strain analysis, load analysis for box body and thermal analysis for heat sink is
modelled. Based on the result obtained from the analysis, it will be compared to the material
mechanical properties to determine the usability.
7.2.1 Load Analysis
In the section for engineering data, the density of polyethylene is 950 kgm-3and the
young modulus is set to be 2x108 Pa and 0.42 of Poisson’s Ratio is shown in figure 7.5.
Figure 7.5: Material Properties for Polyethylene
Next, Meshing is the process of dividing geometry into many elements. It is important to
make the engineering simulation process where the complex geometries split into simple
elements that can be used as discrete local approximations of the larger domains. The mesh can
affect the simulation convergence, accuracy, and speed of the simulations. Figure 7.6 shows
meshing of the box body. The number of nodes and number of elements is 19760 and 11043
respectively.
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Figure 7.6: Meshing for cooler box body
Figure 7.7 shows the static structural application in ANSYS. The load will be applied on
the red colour bottom part of the box while fixed support at the blue colour edge of the box. For
the load, assumption of 1 kg which is 9.81 N is applied to support the weight for frozen food.
Figure 7.7: Static structural application for cooler box body
As we can see from figure 7.8, the total deformation of the box body is analysed. The
maximum deformation falls on the centre part of the bottom box body and the value is 3.33x 10-
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6m. In addition, there is no displacement changed at the four sides of the box body so the
minimum deformation is 0 m.
Figure 7.8: Total deformation for cooler box body
Figure 7.9 shows the equivalent stress of the box body. The maximum stress occurring in
the centre part of the box body is 2821.9 Pa while the minimum stress is 17.556 Pa which is
shown in blue colour.
Figure 7.9: Equivalent stress of the cooler box body
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7.2.2 Steady State Thermal Analysis
In this analysis, the meshing part of the heat sink for thermoelectric peltier cooler is
shown in figure 7.10. The number of nodes and number of elements is 513697 and 92520
respectively.
Figure 7.10: Meshing for heat sink

Based on figure 7.11, the temperature distribution is clearly represented in different
colours from red to blue. We can see that the maximum temperature is 18.0 C and the minimum
temperature which is the coolest part of the heat sink is 17.6 C.
Figure 7.11: Temperature for heat sink
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Figure 7.12 the total heat flux of the heat sink for thermoelectric peltier cooler. The
maximum heat flux is 1.02x104 W/m2 for a small region of red colour whereas the minimum
heat flux was only 159 W/m2 and it is located mostly at the end of every single heat sink.
Figure 7.12: Total heat flux for heat sink
7.3 Proof of Concept Prototype
A prototype is a basic filter network with specified cut-off frequencies from which other
networks may be derived to obtain sharper cut-offs. It is also a first of preliminary design version
of a device from which other forms are developed. The purpose of this prototyping is to provide
specifications of real working system rather than a theoretical. From the figure below it is shown
the chosen box for our prototype where Figure 7.13 is the outer box while the Figure 7.14 is the
inner of box.
Figure 7.14: The outer of the chosen box Figure 7.13: The inner of the chosen box
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The base for our prototype used is a 10L cooler box as it is more compatible, affordable
and portable where the scope of our project is limited to a certain budget. Since the cooling
system needed to be in a closed system the size chosen are neither too big nor too small. Figures
7.15 depict the process of cutting a rectangular hole through the outside of the box to fit in the
peltier as the first step of our prototype progression.
Figure 7.15: Cutting a rectangular hole
After hole was created, the peltier was put through the box where the bigger exhaust fan
as shown in Figure 7.16 which is the hot plate was put for the outside of the box while the
smaller fan as shown in Figure 7.17 which is the cold plate was put in the inside part of the box.
Since the exhaust bigger fan release a hot air thus it was put to the outer side of the box so that
the air released won’t interrupt the cooling system.
Figure 7.16: The big exhaust fan at outside Figure 7.17: The small exhaust fan at inside
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In order to make sure that our box is fully insulated, well-proof from the heat outside and
decrease the volume inside the box, we covered the inner side of the box with suitable insulator
materials where here we choose polyfoam vinyl with aluminium foam as our main material as
shown in figure 7.18 and figure 7.19 when fully assembly inside.
Figure 7.18: Cutting the Polyfoam and wrap Figure 7.19: The inner side of the box that
with aluminium foam covered with aluminium foam
Next, we further the process by putting the electronic parts together. The connection
between the Arduino, sensor and screen display that shows the temperature is shown in Figure
7.20. In this process we ran into a few issues, including missing a solder on the Esp8266 and a
difficulty with the breadboard which was too tiny in attempt to fit all the wiring and connections.
We then decided to solder the Esp8266 ourselves by hand and divided the breadboard into two
part to address these issues.
96
Figure 7.20: Connect the electronic parts
The connection of the Esp8266 with the DHT 22 temperature and humidity sensor and
LCD i2c screen display is shown in Figure 7.21. Once the connection is complete and the
programming has been inserted, we run the system where the temperature and humidity readings
are successfully shown on the display screen as shown in Figure 7.22.
Figure 7.21: Assembling of electronic parts Figure 7.22: Temperature and Humidity is
reading at display screen
When the connections are all made and the electronic components are finished, we
assemble the box's components. Figure 7.23 demonstrates how we make a case out of manilla
cardboard for the charge controller and electronic components. We chose to use manilla
cardboard to save money due to budgetary constraints. We begin to assemble all the parts
together to our box after constructing the base. Figure 7.24 displays the outcomes of building and
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installing the base on the box. Figure 7.25 shows the electronic circuit installing inside the
control box.
Figure 7.23: Creating the base Figure 7.24: Installation the base on the box
Figure 7.25: Electronic Circuit is then installed inside the DIY control box
The installation of all the components and creating a place to store every wire so we can
avoid the wire from becoming frayed or damaged is shown in Figure 7.26 as the final stage in
our prototype building. We made the decision to place all of the wire in our box's second layer.
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Figure 7.26: Wire installation process to cooler box
After the entire procedure, our finished prototype is shown in Figure 7.27. We will use
this prototype to demonstrate the functionality of the product to the user and audience at IDP
Day. This product will ascertain whether the user or audience is engaged, making them more
advantageous and able to utilise the system fully when they need it to be functioning properly for
the time being. We produced a product that is both affordable and transportable.
Figure 7.27: Final prototype
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7.4 Bill of Materials
The bill of material (BOM) is an extensive list of raw materials to make a product. BOM
need to include subcomponents, subassemblies and small parts. BOM also can help to ensure the
quantities of the components while in the manufacturing process so it can minimize the waste
and control the costing. Table 7.1 lists the components used in the prototype and the cost for the
material. Table 7.2 lists the components used in making a real product and the cost for each
material.
Table 7.1: BOM for Prototype
Total
NO Parts Name Quantity Price (RM)
(RM)
1. Cooler Box 1 unit 60.00 60.00
2. TEC1-12706 Thermoelectric Peltier Cooling 1 unit 40.40 40.40
Set
3. NodeMCU V3 Lua Based ESP8266 1 unit 20.50 20.50
4. DHT22 Temperature & Humidity Sensor 1 unit 21.00 21.00
5. WSS 12V 12AH Rechargeable Seal Lead Acid 1 unit 79.20 79.20
Battery
6. LCD Display USB Solar Panel Controller 1 unit 16.00 16.00
7. Polyfoam 4 units 1.25 5.00
8. Aluminum Cupboard Sheet 30*30 1 unit 2.40 2.40
9. Plastic Cardboard 1 unit 9.90 9.90
10. LCD I2C Display Screen 1 unit 19.80 19.80
11. 10W Monocrystalline Solar Panel 1 unit 55.00 55.00
12. LED Lights 2 units 0.90 1.80
13. Single Relay 1 unit 3.60 3.60
Total (RM) 334.60
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Table 7.2: BOM of Actual Product
NO Parts Name Quantity Price (RM) Total

(RM)
1. Cooler Box 1 unit 60.00 60.00
2. TEC1-12706 Thermoelectric Peltier Cooling 2 unit 40.40 80.80
Set
3. NodeMCU V3 Lua Based ESP8266 1 unit 20.50 20.50

4. DHT22 Temperature & Humidity Sensor 1 unit 21.00 21.00
5. 12V 18AH Solar Battery Matrix Rechargeable 1 unit 98.00 98.00
Sealed Lead Acid
6. 50A LCD Display USB Solar Panel Controller 1 unit 39.00 39.00
7. Polyfoam 4 units 1.25 5.00
8. Aluminum Cupboard Sheet 30*30 1 unit 2.40 2.40
9. PVC junction box 1 unit 21.00 21.00
10. LCD I2C Display Screen 1 unit 19.80 19.80
11. 50w Mono Crystalline Solar Panel 18Vmp 12V 1 unit 138.00 138.00
System
12. LED Lights 2 units 0.90 1.80

13. 1 Channel Relay High / Low Level Trigger with 1 unit 8.60 8.60
Optocoupler Isolation
Total (RM) 515.90
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7.5 Economic Analysis on Project
Economic analysis is to study the economic system and production process. The
economic analysis also benefits to determine the economic viability of the project or matter
under consideration. The economic analysis of the product will be calculated by using different
ways to acquired precise pricing for the project.
7.5.1 Company Profit
Costs of goods : RM515.90

Net sales : RM600
Gross profit : RM600 – RM515.90 = RM84.10
Gross profit margin Gross Profit
: × 100%
Net Sales
RM84.10
× 100% = 14.02%
RM600
The expected number of products to be sales at the market is 200 units in Malaysia.
Because this is the new product so for the first stage use 200 units to be a goal for company.
Gross profit will be difference between the net sales and costs of goods for the total number of
products. The expenses included selling, maintenance, general and administrative expenses.
Administrative expenses can be the sum of salary of workers, payrolls taxes, rental, office
supplies and insurance fee. Net profit for products adds up gross profit and total incomes and
minus operating cost and taxes. Net profit shows the profit that is made from selling the products
in a period of time. Net profit is sum of the gross profit and total income minus the sum of the
taxes and expense. Table 7.3 shows the economic analysis data and net profit calculation for 200
products.
Table 7.3: Economic analysis data and net profit calculation for 200 products
Item Calculation Price (RM)

Net Sales RM600 × 200 120000
Costs of Goods RM515.90 × 200 103180
Gross Profit Net Sales – Costs of Goods 16820
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RM120000 – RM103180
Selling Expenses, S - 1500
General Expenses, G 1000
Administrative Expenses, E 1800
Operating Expenses S+G+A 4300
Operating Income - 3000
Other Income - 2000
Total Income Operating + Other 5000
Income before Taxes, Inb - 1000
Income after Taxes, Ina - 650
Total interest Taxes Inb + Ina 1650
Net profit (Gross Profit + Total Income) – 15870
(Operating Expenses + Interest
income)
𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡
Gross profit margin ratio = × 100%
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑅𝑀16820
= 𝑅𝑀120000 × 100%
= 14.02%
𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡
Profit margin ratio = 𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
× 100%
15870
= × 100%
120000
= 13.22%
Based on the calculation, the profit margin ratio for every 200 products sold is estimated
at 13.22%. For the gross profit margin ratio is 14.02% for the Smart Portable Cold Storage Box.
Profit margin ratio is the indicator of the earning power for a company. Monitoring the profit
margin ratio for constantly is the key to keep the business on track.
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Chapter 8 : DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION
8.1 Concept and Prototype
Based on the design concept, the concept 4 is the best for the prototype because it get the
highest score based on the evaluation of Pugh Chart, Weight Decision Matrix and Analytic
Hierarchy Process (AHP). The prototype is almost same with the concept 4 the price that will be
sell for the actual products is about RM600 not include with the maintenance costs. Even though,
the products is expensive but the benefits of the solar panel will helps to recharge the battery. It
will save the cost to charge the battery so after a few year the net profit will gain after 2 to 3
years using our products.
8.2 Discussion of Solution Justification
8.2.1 Discussion of Solution Prototyping
Based on the design concept, we can say that the design concept 4 is the best choice.This
is because based on the evaluation on the decision tools making, concept 4 gets the most highest
score in evaluation of Pugh Chart, Weighted Decision Matrix and Analytic Hierarchy Process
(AHP).This design concept also giving us a neat and orderly arrangement of components on the
box. Furthermore, our design concept 4 have met of our customer requirements and needs such
as economical and portable design.
After thermoelectric cooling peltier is assembly then start to run the peltier to test the
temperature is low enough to achieve the objective. After trying for an hour, the surrounding
temperature inside the delivery box is 20℃ because the volume inside the box is big so need to
decrease the volume by adding the polyfoam with aluminium foam sheet to become more
insulated.
104
8.2.2 Discussion on Materials
Our primary goal is to create a prototype as well as the final product. We want to create a
durable product in addition to sustaining the temperature. Plastic is a strong and waterproof
material; thus we chose it as our basis material to achieve this goal. We used polyfoam for the
box's interior, and to insulate it, we wrapped aluminium foil around the interior of the box.
8.2.3 Discussion on Manufacturing Process
We did not encounter any challenges or significant issues during the manufacturing
process to finish our prototype. We chose to develop a prototype to the best of our abilities
because we were constrained by time, money, and equipment. We only have a slight issue with
the electronics component such as solder missing, and the breadboard is too small for our
ESP8266.
8.2.4 Discussion on Cost
According to the interview with Mautapau Delivery Sdn Bhd, they are prepared to spend
less than RM600 to buy this product. To produce a product that the vast majority can afford, the
cost of manufacturing has been estimated. With the budgetary restrictions we have, we can finish
our prototype for about RM300. We can create a better product if we are given more funding,
and we are convinced that the final product will be both inexpensive and satisfying for the
customer. The cost of manufacturing will be further decreased if the product was produced on a
larger scale.
8.3 Impact to Society
The product developed from this project brings a lot of contribution to the society and
environment. The usage of solar in this project saves a lot on the maintenance cost as it uses
renewable energy as the main source which later will be converted into electrical energy which
105
will store inside the rechargeable battery. Besides, since the usage of solar was used in this
product, it will not have any detrimental effects neither on the environment or society as it will
not cause any pollution. Utilising renewable energy can decrease carbon impression as electrical
energy utilised is not delivered from burning fossil fuel, which is very harmful to the
environment.
Moreover, the product used a rechargeable battery where the rechargeables are
environmentally friendly. It will also remind us that every single-use battery represents another
battery thrown in a landfill. Also, consider that fewer resources are required to manufacture
fewer rechargeable batteries. Fewer resources and less energy make for a more environmentally
friendly manufacturing process. Using a rechargeable battery is more convenient as it will
eliminate the need for so many repeat purchases where the daily cost of the power supply can be
reduced as it can be worn repeatedly without needing to replace it with a new one every time.
For the design concept created and selected, we can attain the main objective for this
project where we need a portable cold storage box that can maintain a constant temperature for
door-to-door delivery. Since the sizing and material used are not hefty, this increases the
portability of the cooler box which is light in weight and does not occupy much space. This will
ameliorate the delivery rider's overall experience either when delivering a long distance or when
they were stuck in traffic. Besides, the materials used for the product would not burn a hole in
the pocket as the material chosen was economical and cost-effective but would still reap the
same benefits.
8.4 Ethical Issues
Ethics can be defined as the moral values and principles that formed the standard code of
conduct for individuals, organisations and professions. The services provided by engineers
require honesty, impartiality, fairness and equity. Ethical issue is a problem or situation that
requires a person or organisation to choose between alternatives that must be evaluated as right
(ethical) or wrong (unethical). The area of personal code of ethics does not usually include an
objective comparison of laws to one’s actions nor does it result in a structured punishment. There
are specific ethical issues such as issues concerning the safety and reliability, sustainability in
various aspects and services good to the public.
106
The portable cold storage box should uphold and advance the integrity, honour and
dignity by adhering to the following code of ethics:
• Hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public in the performance of their
professional duties.
• Behave in an objective and truthful manner.
• Act in professional matters for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees.
• Maintain thorough knowledge of applicable laws and ordinances related to cooling
systems, solar systems and materials.
• Protect the environment.
Portable cold storage box is an environmentally friendly product that will not cause any
side effects to humans and the environment. This is because the system used solar as power
generation. There is no harm in greenhouse gas emissions during electricity generation with solar
panels. Since the solar panel has a small voltage, it will prevent the users or riders from getting
an electric shock. Solar systems will ensure the safety of the users or riders and the environment.
8.5 Conclusion
As a conclusion, the objectives of this project are successfully fullfilled. The first
objective is to combine the cooling system with the delivery box so the cooling system that used
is the thermoelectric cooling peltier. The peltier plate can produce cooling air to heat sink and
flow through exhaust fan to inner side of delivery box. Next, the surrounding temperature inside
the delivery box is about 15℃ and is closely to the second objective after adding the polyfoam
with aluminium foam sheet so the volume inside the box decrease the temperature will become
lower. Then is the third objective is adding the wifi module of IR4.0 and internet of things (IOT)
inside the delivery box. The IOT is that added is ESP8266 it will connected to mobile app
BLYNK so when the temperature inside is high it will send notification to the owner. By seeing
BLYNK, it will show the temperature and humidity stimulation for every second. The
Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) that use by this project is SDG 7 clean energy, so it
included the solar panel to recharge the battery because the solar is a renewable energy. The
107
battery can continue to use in a long term. This product is well equipped with several safety
features such as top cover of the exhaust fan and the cardboard control junction box for the
circuit so when it raining, it will protect the circuit from raining. It is also easy to maintenance
when the circuit got problem. This product will be very useful to delivery service company when
it is needed in the future.
8.6 Recommendation
There are some suggestions that can improve in this product when the user experience of
this product. For the solar controller, it can change to solar inverter because it more power to
supply the Peltier to be cooler to get the low temperature and maintain the freshness of the foods.
The solar panel also need to change a bigger power but small in size so it can suitable to put on
the cover delivery box. Next, for the cardboard control box can change to PVC control junction
box because it more durability and stable for the circuit to put on it. Last but not least, the
connection of the control box with the delivery box is using double sided tape so I decided to
change the connection by screw or bolts and nuts.
108
REFERENCE
[1] "Allied Market Research," Frozen Food Market, 2014. [Online]. Available:
https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/frozen-food-market. [Accessed 15 06 2022].
[2] Vase.ai, "Statista," Malaysia: frozen food items stocked up during covid-19 outbreak 2020,
04 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1110409/malaysia-
stocked-up-frozen-food-items-duringcovid-19-outbreak/. [Accessed 15 06 2022].
[3] E. P. Unit, "Ministry of Economy," SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS, 12 07

2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.epu.gov.my/en/sustainable-development-goals.
[Accessed 15 06 2022].
[4] "Climate to Travel," Malaysia Climate, [Online]. Available:

https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/malaysia#kuala_lumpur. [Accessed 15 06 2022].
[5] "Department of Statistic Malaysia Official Portal," Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
Performance 2020, 28 07 2021. [Online]. Available:
https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=159&bul_id=KzdrS
2%205pRTZ1VGFkcTlNY0FEczBYUT09&menu_id=TE5CRUZCblh4ZTZMODZIbmk2a
WRR%20QT09. [Accessed 15 06 2022].
[6] N. H. Hamid, "Sinar Harian," Mautapau servis penghantaran pertama patuh syariah, 19 12
2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/115487/edisi/mautapau-
servis-penghantaran-pertama-patuh-syariah. [Accessed 15 06 2022].
[7] S. Writer, "Breaking down Wall’s to sell ice-cream," Advertising Marketing, 25 03 2022.
[Online]. Available: https://www.marketing-interactive.com/breaking-down-wall-s-to-sell-
ice-cream. [Accessed 15 06 2022].
[8] N. Crotti, "Thermoelectric cooler solutions for medical applications," Medical Design &
Outsourcing, 13 12 2019. [Online]. Available:
https://www.medicaldesignandoutsourcing.com/thermoelectric-cooler-solutions-for-
medical-applications/. [Accessed 15 06 2022].
[9] "Delivery Foodpanda Box Medium Size," Shopee, [Online]. Available:

https://shopee.sg/NEW-SET-Delivery-Foodpanda-Box-Medium-Size-PREORDER-7-
DAYS-Runner-Hardcase-Warmer-Bag-Cooler-Food-Panda-Grab-Food-1KG-
i.365061563.9908942152. [Accessed 15 06 2022].
[10] Facebook, Artist, Ice Cream Delivery Truck. [Art]. 2021.
[11] "Cooler Box/Chilly Bin 30L (KY103)," Made in China, [Online]. Available:
https://www.made-in-china.com/showroom/boxsales/product-detailgbLQZuSKZBfP/China-
Cooler-Box-Chilly-Bin-30L-KY103-.html. [Accessed 15 06 2022].
109
[12] "Morgan MMB-NB62LSL 50L," iprice, [Online]. Available:
https://iprice.my/compare/morgan-mmb-nb62lsl/. [Accessed 15 06 2022].
[13] "How does a Thermoelectric Cooler Module work?," Pinterest, [Online]. Available:
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/773141461012755320/. [Accessed 15 06 2022].
[14] Y. Ezzahri, "Schematic diagram of a thermoelectric cooler," Research Gate, [Online].

Available: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Schematic-diagram-of-a-thermoelectric-
cooler-TEC-and-the-corresponding-thermal-network_fig1_251883099. [Accessed 15 06
2022].
[15] "Embodiment Design," Engineering Design, [Online]. Available:

https://www.mcgill.ca/engineeringdesign/step-step-design-process/design-phases-
practice/embodiment-design. [Accessed 15 11 2022].
[16] J. Svarc, "Solar Panel Construction," Clean Energy Review, 20 03 2020. [Online].
Available: https://www.cleanenergyreviews.info/blog/solar-panel-components-construction.
[Accessed 11 15 2022].
[17] A. Ash, "How to Calculate Solar Panels Output," Dynamic SLR, 2020. [Online]. [Accessed
15 11 2022].
[18] "DC-122000 Portable 12V 20000mAh Super Rechargeable Li-ion Battery Pack With Plug,"
ebay, 22 02 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.ebay.com.my/itm/384240716813.
[Accessed 15 06 2022].
[19] "Solar Cell/Panel 12V 250mA (3W) with Wires," Cytron Marketplace, [Online]. Available:
https://my.cytron.io/c-robotics-electronics/c-power/c-solar-cell-solar-panel/p-solar-cell-
panel-12v-250ma-3w-with-wires. [Accessed 15 06 2022].
110
APPENDIX
Appendix 1 Question for Interview
1) When did Mautapau start and how does it start?

2) Why is that the right time to start the company?
3) Who is the co-founder of Mautapau and how does he/she get the inspiration?
4) How did the founder come up with the business idea?
5) What trends does this company see in the market to think this business will be a success?
6) Which competitor is doing the best job and why?
7) Why do users care about this product?
8) Who exactly is the ideal customer?
9) How is this company marketing the product?
10) What is the success rate of existing franchises and how many franchises does this company
have for now?
11) As for now, how many riders are currently available?
12) If there is another type of delivery box with a few improvements that deliver a specific type
of product, would this company consider using it?
13) What type of delivery method is the most suitable for delivering ice cream?
14) What is the type of material that is suitable for this type of delivery?
15) How long usually does it take to deliver a specific product considering the location?
16) When and where will it get the most delivery requests? (Peak hours)
17) What is the standard size and weight of the delivery box that is used to deliver the product?
18) If the delivery box size is about 30L, would it be a burden for the rider?
19) Is there any probability that this company will buy a new type of delivery box just to deliver
certain types of frozen foods?
20) What is the type of material used for the delivery box to ensure the products delivered are
still fresh and in a good condition?
21) What is the range of temperature this type of delivery box can maintain?
22) If we use thermoelectric as a cooling system, would it be possible to deliver the ice cream in
good condition? or are there any other alternatives that we can use to deliver the ice cream in
a good condition?
23) If we use solar panel as our power supply, do you think this alternative will be beneficial or a
burden to the rider?
24) If there are other alternatives for delivery of a certain type of product, would this company
consider buying it?
25) What do you think of the Arduino usage on this type of delivery? Would it be beneficial for
both the company and the rider? What is your suggestion on this type of Internet of thing
IOT? (Screen display & app n etc.)
26) How much would the company be willing to pay for a new type of delivery box? What is the
range price?
111
27) What is the price range of the usual box that this company uses?
28) Would this company buy a newly improvised delivery box with a price range of
RM250~RM350?
Appendix 2 Questionnaire
A SURVEY ON PROPOSING A PORTABLE COLD STORAGE BOX PRODUCT FOR

IDP PROJECT
Dear Respondents, we are 3rd year students from University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) pursuing
Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering.We are currently conducting a survey on proposing a
Portable Cold Storage box product for our Integrated Design Project.
This questionnaire consists of three sections. Respondents are required to select the appropriate
answer for each section. All the information given will be kept confidential and be used strictly
for academic purposes only. Your cooperation to complete this survey is highly appreciated.
Thank you in advance!
Responden yang dihormati, kami adalah pelajar tahun 3 Ijazah Sarjana Muda Mekanikal,
Universiti Malaysia Perlis. Kami pada masa ini sedang menjalankan tinjauan atas cadangan
untuk membuat Peti Simpanan Sejuk Mudah Alih sebagai produk kami untuk Projek Rekabentuk
Bersepadu.
Soal selidik ini mengandungi tiga bahagian. Responden dikehendaki untuk memilih jawapan
yang bersesuaian untuk setiap bahagian. Segala informasi diberikan akan dirahsiakan dan hanya
digunakan untuk tujuan akademik semata sahaja. Kerjasama anda untuk menyiapkan soal selidik
ini amatlah dihargai. Terima kasih terlebih dahulu!
Notes: * Your response will be confidential*
Note: *Maklum balas anda akan dirahsiakan*
Section A: Demoghraphic Profile (Bahagian A: Data Demografi)

1. Gender? / Jantina?
o Male/Lelaki
o Female/Perempuan
2. Age? / Umur?
o 18-24
o 25-31
o 32-38
o 38 and above / 38 ke atas
112
3. Employee Classification? / Jenis Pekerja?
o Full time / Sepenuh masa
o Part time / Kerja sampingan
4. What agency that you’re working with? / Syarikat penghantaran manakah anda bekerja
sekarang?
o Foodpanda
o Grabfood
o Tapaw
o Honestbee
o Dah makan
o Foodtime
o MCD
o KFC
o Others / Lain-lain
Section B: General Overview (Bahagian B : Gambaran Umum)

1. Have you ever delivered any kind of ice cream? / Pernahkah anda menghantar pesananan ais
krim?
o Yes/ Ya
o No/ Tidak
2. If YES, what is the condition of the ice cream when delivered? Jika YA, apakah keadaan ais
krim sewaktu sampai kepada pelanggan?
o Bad Condition / Keadaan buruk
o Good Condition / Keadaan baik
3. If NO, what is the reason why you did not do ice cream delivery? Jika TIDAK, apakah alasan
anda tidak membuat penghantara ais krim?
o Don’t have any order / Tiada pesanan
o Difficult to deliver / Susah dihantar
o Unsuitable Delivery Bag / Beg penghantaran tidak sesuai
o Ice Cream company did not provide for delivery / Syarikat ais krim tidak menyediakan
khidmat hantar ais krim
4. Can you explain in detail your reason that you had choose above? / Boleh anda terangkan
dengan teliti sebab yang anda pilih diatas?
5. Is there any possibility to deliver ice cream in the future? Adakah ada kemungkinan untuk
menghantar ais krim pada masa akan datang?
o Yes / Ya
113
o No / Tidak
6. If NO, why do you think it is not possible to deliver ice cream in future? / Jika
TIDAK,kenapa anda merasakan tidak mungkin untuk menghantar ais krim di masa akan
datang?
7. Do you ever receive any request from customer for ice cream delivery? / Pernahkan anda
menerima permintaan daripada pelanggan untuk menghantar ais krim?
o Yes / Ya
o No / Tidak
8. If YES, what did you say to the customer if they ask for ice cream delivery? / Jika YA,
apakah yang anda katakan kepada pelanggan jika mereka meminta untuk penghantaran ais
krim?
Section C: Product Overview (Bahagian B : Gambaran Produk)

1. Have you ever heard about portable cold storage box?/ Pernahkah anda mendengar tentang
kotak penyimpanan sejuk mudah alih?
o Yes / Ya
o No / Tidak
2. Do you think 30L box (30x25x28) cm is suitable for delivery?/ Adakah anda rasa kotak
dengan saiz 30L (30x25x28)cm sesuai untuk penghantaran?
o Yes / Ya
o No / Tidak
3. Do you think it is a burden with these additional improvements on the box to use for delivery?
Mengikut pandangan anda adakah anda merasa penambahbaikan pada kotak ini
membebankan anda?
o Yes / Ya
o No / Tidak
o Maybe / Mungkin
o Not really / Tidak sangat
4. If YES or MAYBE, what is your suggestion for improvement of this product? / Jika YA atau
MUNGKIN, apakah cadangan atau penambahbaikan yang boleh anda berikan untuk produk
ini?
5. Do you think this improvement can be integrated into the existing delivery box? / Adakah
anda rasa produk kami ini boleh ditambah baik ke dalam kotak penghantaran yang sedia ada?
o Yes / Ya
114
o No / Tidak
Appendix 3 Interview Photo
Photo 1
Photo 2
115
Photo 3
Photo 4
116
Appendix 4 Coding of the prototype
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_ID "TMPL5HbH9OHK"

#define BLYNK_DEVICE_NAME "Portable Cool Storage Box"
#define BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN "XRaOooYFIP3wztLDcdKROh4ZJ_d_XUUJ"
#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial
#include "DHT.h" // DHT Sensor
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>
int relay_pin = 2;
int LED_RED = 0;
int LED_GREEN = 12;
char auth[] = "XRaOooYFIP3wztLDcdKROh4ZJ_d_XUUJ";

char ssid[] = "Wifi name"; //Enter your WIFI Name
char pass[] = "Wifi password"; //Enter your WIFI Password
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x3F,16,2);
#define DHTTYPE DHT22

#define DHTPIN 14
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
BlynkTimer timer;
float t;
float h;
void sendSensor()
{
117
float h = dht.readHumidity();
float t = dht.readTemperature(); // or dht.readTemperature(true) for Fahrenheit
if (isnan(h) || isnan(t)) {
Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");
return;
}
// You can send any value at any time.
// Please don't send more that 10 values per second.
Blynk.virtualWrite(V3, h);
Blynk.virtualWrite(V2, t);
if(t>30)
{
Blynk.logEvent("TEMP_HIGH");
}
}
void setup()
{
Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println("Temperature and Humidity Sensor Test");
dht.begin();
lcd.init(); //initialize the lcd
lcd.backlight();
timer.setInterval(1000L, sendSensor);
pinMode(relay_pin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LED_RED, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LED_GREEN, OUTPUT);
118
}
void loop()
{
Blynk.run();
timer.run();
h = dht.readHumidity();
t = dht.readTemperature();
//Print temp and humidity values to serial monitor

Serial.print("Humidity: ");
Serial.print(h);
Serial.print(" %, Temp: ");
Serial.print(t);
Serial.println(" Celsius");
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Temp: ");
lcd.print(t);
lcd.print(" C");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Humidity: ");
lcd.print(h);
lcd.print("%");
if (t > 28){
digitalWrite(relay_pin, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LED_RED, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LED_GREEN, LOW);
void data();
delay(5000);
119
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("PELTIER is ON ");
}
else{
digitalWrite(relay_pin, LOW);
digitalWrite(LED_RED, LOW);
digitalWrite(LED_GREEN, HIGH);
}
delay(1000);
}
void data()
{
h = dht.readHumidity();
t = dht.readTemperature();
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Temp: ");
lcd.print(t);
lcd.print(" C");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Humidity: ");
lcd.print(h);
lcd.print("%");
}
120
Appendix 5 Flow Chart
121
122
Verified by,
MENTOR :TS. DR. ANAS BIN ABDUL RAHMAN

DATE : 31 JAN 2023
121
123

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UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA PERLIS (UniMAP)

INTEGRATED DESIGN PROJECT 2

ENT440 Design Project

MENTOR : TS. DR ANAS BIN ABDUL RAHMAN

NO GROUP MEMBER MATRIC NO

In a conversation with MARKETING-INTERACTIVE, in collaboration with Grab Ads,

Figure 1.5: Mautapau delivery service [6]

In 2021, CEO Mautapau Dr Saidatul Ardeenawatie Awang decided to launch a food

Figure 1.7: Solar Panel [19]

Figure 1.6: Rechargeable Li-Ion Battery [18]

Figure 1.8: Thermoelectric Cooler [8]

Figure 1.9: Peltier Cooling System [8]

1.3 Problem Statement

2.1 Market Identification

Capacity 80L 28316L 13L 100L 50L

Portability Yes No Yes No No

Weight Light Heavy Light Heavy Medium

Cost Low High Low Medium Medium

2.3 Gathering Information

The interview is an important data gathering technique involving verbal communication

2.3.2 Interview Highlight

Figure 2.7: Discussion about Mautapau Delivery Box

2.3.3 Location of HQ for Mautapau

2.3.5 Survey Analysis

Figure 2.12: Gender of respondent

Figure 2.14: Employee Classification

Section B – General Overview

Figure 2.16: Percentage of ice cream delivery

Figure 2.17: Reason does not do ice cream delivery

Figure 2.19: Possibility to deliver ice cream in future

Figure 2.21: Customer request for ice cream delivery

Section C – Product Overview

Figure 2.23: Knowledge about Portable Cold Storage Box

Figure 2.25: Opinion about additional improvement

Figure 2.27: Opinion to be integrated into existing delivery box

3.1 Customer Requirements

3.2 Engineering Characteristics

The fifth engineering characteristic is durability. The material should be durable in

3.3 House of Quality

Special Features Manufacturing Specifications

4.2 Design Goal and Constraints

4.3 Data, Information and Knowledge

4.4.2 Functional Basis

Table 4.1: Standard Flow Classes and Member Flow Types

Human energy Cool air Temperature

4.4.4 Functional Block Diagram

Function decomposition produces a diagram called a function structure. The functional

Figure 4.3: Function Structure of Smart Portable Cold Storage Box

4.5 Morphological Chart

Functionality Solution 1 Solution 2 Solution 3

To detect the Thermistor RTD sensor Thermocouple

Figure 4.4: Context Diagram

4.7 Physic of Diagram Ideals

4.7.1 Thermoelectric Cooler

Figure 4.6: Schematic diagram of a Thermoelectric Cooler [14]

4.7.2 Energy Store in Battery

V = Voltage (Battery Voltage)

I = Current (Battery size in AH)

4.7.3 Power Rating of Solar Panel

Where, 𝑁𝑠 = number of solar panels needed

𝑃𝑠𝑦𝑠t𝑒𝑚 = Power in watt-hour whole system needed (battery).

𝑃𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 = Power in watt-hour each solar panel provided

4.8 Concept Design