Bol. Soc. Paran. Mat. (3s.) v. 2022 (40) : 1–5.

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Coefficient Inequalities for Classes of Univalent Functions Defined by q− Derivatives ∗

M. K. Aouf, A. O. Mostafa and N. E. Cho

abstract: Using the principal of subordination and the q−derivative, we obtain sharp bounds for some
classes of univalent functions.

Key Words: Univalent functions, q−derivative , Subordination.

Contents

1 Introduction 1

2 Main results 2

1. Introduction
Denote by A the class of analytic functions:
∞
X
f (z) = z + an z n (z ∈ U = {z : z ∈ C , |z| < 1}). (1.1)
n=2

For 0 < q < 1, the q-derivative of f ∈ A, is given by ( see [4], [5])

f (qz) − f (z)
Dq f (z) = , z 6= 0
(q − 1)z
∞
X
= 1+ [n]q an z n−1 , (1.2)
n=2

qn − 1
where, [n]q = , as q → 1− , [n]q → n, Dq f (0) = f ′ (0) and Dq (Dq f (z)) = Dq2 f (z). If η(z) = z n ,
q−1
then
q n − 1 n−1
Dq η(z) = Dq (z n ) = z = [n]q z n−1 ,
q−1

lim Dq η(z) = lim [n]q z n−1 = nz n−1 = η ′ (z).

q→1− q→1−

Denote by P the class of analytic functions φ of positive real part on U with φ(0) = 1, R{φ(z)} > 0.
Using the q-derivative Dq f (z), f ∈ A, κ ∈ P, 0 ≤ λ ≤ 1, b ∈ C∗ = C/{0}, let
     
λ 1 zDq f (z) Dq (zDq f (z))
Hq,b (κ) = f :1+ (1 − λ) +λ − 1 ≺ κ(z) , (1.3)
b f (z) Dq f (z)

where ≺ denotes the usual subordination ( see [7], [3], [2]).

λ
For different choices of q, b, λ, in (1.3), the class Hq,b (κ), generalizes many classes studied earlier,
for example ( see Seoudy and Aouf [10], [11], Ravichandran et al. [9], Ali et al. [1] with p = 1
∗ The third-named author was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Re-

search Foundation of the Republic of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology
(No. 2019R1I1A3A01050861).
2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 30C45.
Submitted June 09, 2018. Published November 07, 2018

Typeset by BSP
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style.
1 c Soc. Paran. de Mat.

2 M. K. Aouf, A. O. Mostafa and N. E. Cho

λ,α
and Ramachandran et al. [8], with α = 0 and β = 1. Also, we obtain the new class Hq,θ (κ) for
−iθ π
b = e (1 − α) cos θ, 0 ≤ α < 1, |θ| < 2 , where
 h   i 
zDq f (z) Dq (zDq f (z))
 eiθ (1 − λ) f (z) + λ Dq f (z) − α cos θ − i sin θ 
λ,α
Hq,θ (κ) = f : ≺ κ(z) .
 (1 − α) cos θ 

The following known lemma is needed to establish our results.

Lemma 1.1 [6]. If p(z) = 1 + r1 z + r2 z 2 + ... ∈ P and δ is a complex number, then

r2 − δr2  ≤ 2 max{1; |2δ − 1|}.

 
1 (1.4)
The result is sharp for the functions given by

1 + z2 1+z
p(z) = and p(z) = .
1 − z2 1−z

Also, we note that 

 −4ξ + 2 if ξ ≤ 0,
r2 − ξr12  ≤
 
2 if 0 ≤ ξ ≤ 1, (1.5)
4ξ − 2 if ξ ≥ 1,


when ξ < 0 or ξ > 1, the equality holds if and only if p(z) is (1 + z)/(1 − z) or one of its rotations. If
0 < ξ < 1, then the equality holds if and only if p(z) is (1 + z 2 )/(1 − z 2 ) or one of its rotations. If ξ = 0,
the equality holds if and only if
   
1+γ 1+z 1−γ 1−z
p (z) = + (0 ≤ γ ≤ 1)
2 1−z 2 1+z
or one of its rotations. If γ = 1, the equality holds if and only if p is the reciprocal of one of the functions
such that equality holds in the case of ξ = 0.
Also the above upper bound is sharp, and it can be improved as follows when 0 < ξ < 1:
 
r2 − ξr12  + ξ |r1 |2 ≤ 2
  1
0≤ξ≤
2
and  
r2 − ξr2  + (1 − ξ) |r1 |2 ≤ 2
  1
1 ≤ξ≤1 .
2
2. Main results

We assume in the reminder of this paper that f ∈ A, κ ∈ P, 0 < q < 1, 0 ≤ λ ≤ 1 and b ∈ C∗ .

Theorem 2.1. Let
κ (z) = 1 + d1 z + d2 z 2 + ... (2.1)
λ
with d1 > 0. If f (z) ∈ Hq,b (κ),then

a3 − µa22 
  |b| |d1 |
≤ max {1,
2([3]q − 1)[1 + λ([3]q − 1)]
 i
 d2 bd1
h
2 ([3]q −1)[1+λ([3]q −1) 
 +
 d1 ([2]q −1)[1+λ([2]q −1)]2 [1 + λ([2]q − 1) − µ ([2]q −1)  .
(2.2)

The result is sharp.

 Coefficient Inequalities for Classes of Certain Univalent Functions 3

λ
Proof: If f ∈ Hq,b (κ), then there is a function ω, analytic in U with ω(0) = 0 and |ω(z)| < 1 such that

1h zD f (z) D (zD f (z))

i
1+ (1 − λ) fq(z) + λ q Dq fq(z) − 1 = κ(ω(z)). (2.3)
b
Define the function p (z) by

1 + ω (z)
p (z) = = 1 + r1 z + r2 z 2 + ... . (2.4)
1 − ω (z)

We see that ℜ {p (z)} > 0 and p (0) = 1, since ω (z) is a Schwarz function.. Therefore,
 
p (z) − 1
κ (ω (z)) = κ
p (z) + 1
r12 r13
      
1 2 3
= κ r1 z + r2 − z + r3 − r1 r2 + z + ...
2 2 4
r2
   
1 1 1
= 1 + d1 r1 z + d1 r2 − 1 + d2 r12 z 2 + ..... (2.5)
2 2 2 4

Equating the coefficients of (2.5) and (2.3), we have

1
[[2]q − 1 + λ([2]q − 1)2 ]a2 = bd1 r1 ,
2

([3]q − 1)[1 + λ([3]q − 1)]a3 − ([2]q − 1)[1 + λ([2]q − 1)]a22

1 1 1
= ( d1 r2 − d1 r12 + d2 r12 )b,
2 4 4
or
bd1 r1
a2 = ,
2([2]q − 1)[1 + λ([2]q − 1)]
d21
  
bd1 d2 [1+λ([2]2q −1)]bd1
a3 = 2([3]q −1)[1+λ([3] q −1)]
d2 − 1 − − ([2]q −1)[1+([2]q −1)]2 .
2 d1
Therefore,
a3 − µa22 = bd1
d2 − δd21 ,


2([3]q −1)[1+λ([3]q −1)] (2.6)
where  i
1 d2 h
([3]q −1)[1+λ([3]q −1)]
δ= 1− − bd1
([2]q −1)[1+λ([2]q −1)]2 1 + λ([2]2q − 1) − µ ([2]q −1) . (2.7)
2 d1
Our result now follows by an application of (1.4). The result is sharp for the functions
 
1 zDq f (z) Dq (zDq f (z))
− 1 = κ z2 ,


1+ (1 − λ) +λ
b f (z) Dq f (z)

and  
1 zDq f (z) Dq (zDq f (z))
1+ (1 − λ) +λ − 1 = κ (z) .
b f (z) Dq f (z)
The proof of Theorem 1 is completed. 

Remark 2.1. (i) Putting λ = 0 in Theorem 1, we obtain the result of Seoudy and Aouf [10, Theorem
1];
(ii) Putting λ = 1 in Theorem 1, we obtain the result of Seoudy and Aouf [10, Theorem 2];
(iii) Theorem 1 for b = 1, corrects the result of Ramachandram et al. [8, Theorem 2, α = 0, β = 1].
4 M. K. Aouf, A. O. Mostafa and N. E. Cho

Theorem 2.2. Let κ (z) in the form (2.1), with d1 > 0 and d2 ≥ 0. Let
(d2 −d1 )([2]q −1)2 [1+λ([2]q −1)]2 +([2]q −1)[1+λ([2]2q −1)]bd21
α1 = ([3]q −1)[1+λ([3]q −1)]bd21
, (2.8)
(d2 +d1 )([2]q −1) [1+λ([2]q −1)] +([2]q −1)[1+λ([2]2q −1)]bd21
2 2
α2 = ([3]q −1)[1+λ([3]q −1)]bd21
, (2.9)
d2 ([2]q −1) [1+λ([2]q −1)]2 +([2]q −1)[1+λ([2]2q −1)]bd21
2
α3 = ([3]q −1)[1+λ([3]q −1)]bd21
. (2.10)

λ
If f (z)∈Hq,b (κ) with b > 0, then
 bd2

 ([3]q −1)[1+λ([3] q −1)]
+
[1+λ([2]2q −1)]
 2 2
 
 b d1 1
 + 2 − µ ([2]q −1) , µ ≤ α1 ,
  ([2]q −1)[1+λ([2]q −1)] ([3]qbd−1)[1+λ([3]

q −1)]

a3 − µa22  ≤

([3]q −1)[1+λ([3]q −1)] , α1 ≤ µ ≤ α2 , (2.11)
1

 bd2



 − ([3]q−1)[1+λ([3]q −1)] −
[1+λ([2]2q −1)]

b2 d21

 − 1
− µ ([2]q −1) , µ ≥ α2 .

([2]q −1)[1+λ([2]q −1)] 2 ([3]q −1)[1+λ([3]q −1)]

Further, if α1 ≤ µ ≤ α3 , then
h
a3 − µa22  +
  ([2]q −1)2 [1+λ([2]q −1)]2 bd21
([3]q −1)[1+λ([3]q −1)]d21 b
d1 − d2 − ([2]q −1)[1+λ([2]q −1)]2

 i
([3] −1)[1+λ([3] −1)] 2
× [1 + λ([2]2q − 1)] − µ q ([2]q −1) q ) |a2 | ≤ bd1
([3]q −1)[1+λ([3]q −1)] , (2.12)
and if α3 ≤ µ ≤ α2 , then
bd21
h
a3 − µa22  +
  ([2]q −1)2 [1+λ([2]q −1)]2
([3]q −1)[1+λ([3]q −1)]d21 b
d1 + d2 + ([2]q −1)[1+λ([2]q −1)]2

 i
([3] −1)[1+λ([3] −1)] 2
× [1 + λ([2]2q − 1)] − µ q ([2]q −1) q ) |a2 | ≤ bd1
([3]q −1)[1+λ([3]q −1)] . (2.13)
The result is sharp.
Proof: The proof follows by applying (1.5) to (2.6) and (2.7). To show that the bounds are sharp, we
define the functions Kκk (k = 2, 3, 4, ...) by
 
1 zDq Kκk (z) Dq (zDq Kκk (z))
− 1 = κ z n−1 ,


1+ (1 − λ) +λ
b Kκk (z) Dq Kκk (z)

Kκk (0) = 0 = Kκk (0) − 1

and the functions Fτ and Gτ (0 ≤ τ ≤ 1) by
   
1 zDq Fτ (z) Dq (zDq Fτ (z)) z (z + τ )
1+ (1 − λ) +λ −1 =κ ,
b Fτ (z) Dq τ (z) 1 + τz

Fτ (0) = 0 = Fτ (0) − 1
and    
1 zDq Gτ (z) Dq (zDq Gτ (z)) 1 + τz
1+ (1 − λ) +λ −1 =κ ,
b Gτ (z) Dq Gτ (z) z (z + τ )
′
Gτ (0) = 0 = Gτ (0) − 1.
λ
The functions Kκk , Fλ and Gλ ∈ Hq,b (κ). If µ < α1 or µ > α2 , then the equality holds if and only if f
is Kκ2 , or one of its rotations. When α1 < µ < α2 , the equality holds if and only if f is Kκ3 , or one of
its rotations. If µ = α1 , then the equality holds if and only if f is Fτ , or one of its rotations. If µ = α2 ,
then the equality holds if and only if f is Gτ , or one of its rotations. 
 Coefficient Inequalities for Classes of Certain Univalent Functions 5

Remark 2.2 (i) Taking q → 1− and λ = α, in the above results, we obtain the results of [12, with λ = 0];
(ii) Theorem 2 for b = 1, corrects the result of Ramachandram et al. [8, Theorem 1, α = 0, β = 1];
(iii) Putting λ = 0 in Theorem 2, we obtain the result of Seoudy and Aouf [10, Theorem 3];
(iv) Putting λ = 1 in Theorem 2, we obtain the result of Seoudy and Aouf [10, Theorem 3];
λ,α
(v) Taking b = e−iθ (1 − α) cos θ in the above results, we obtain results for the class Hq,θ (κ).

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M. K. Aouf,
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science
Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, EGYPT.
E-mail address: mkaouf127@yahoo.com

and

A. O. Mostafa,
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science
Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, EGYPT.
E-mail address: adelaeg254@yahoo.com

and

N. E. Cho (Corresponding Author),

Department of Applied Mathematics
Pukyong National University
Busan 608-737, South Korea.
E-mail address: necho@pknu.ac.kr