Experiment No.

1
KIRCHHOFF'S LAW
I. OBJECTIVES
1. To be familiar with Kirchhoff Voltage Law and Current Law
2. To be able to identify the correct sign conventions for currents and voltages in
circuit
II. DISCUSSION

Two simple important rom Gustav Kirchhoff which were knows Kirchhoff's Law may
be stated as follows:

“The algebraic sum of the current at any function of electric circuit is zero”. This is
known as The Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) and,
“The algebraic sum of the RMS (voltages) to the resistance voltage in any continuous
path of an electric circuit is zero.” This is known The Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)

The sign convention of currents could be amended as follows: sign it catering the
function minus sign living the function; and for volume sign convention, plus sign (+) if
the looping is from positive to negative and a minus (-) sign the looping is from negative
to negative (+) or vice versa Complex circuits and those which contain more than one
source of EMF solved readily by application of Kirchhoff's Laws which relate the
currents, EMF and voltage drops in such circuits

III. INSTRUMENTS AND MATERIALS

QTY UNIT ITEM SPECS
ONE(1) Pc. Dc power supply 12Vdc
ONE(1) Set Multi-Tester (VOM)
ONE(1) Pc DC ammeter 0-1A
ONE(1) Set Connectors
ONE(1) Pc Resistor Module
ONE(1) Pc Extension Cord (optional)

IV. PROCEDURES

1. Connect the circuit shown in Fig 1-7.

2. Measure and record the voltage and current assigned in Table 7.1,7-2,7-3 and 7-4
3. Determine the total voltage and current in each row.
4. Computer the current and value in Kirchhoff’s law the compute the percent
difference.

V. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 I100
IT
I150 I75 I50

Figure 7-1

VI. DATA AND RESULTS

VS V1 Sum (LOOP1)
Measured
Values
Computed
Values

% Difference
Table 7-1

Table 7-2
V1 V2 V3 Sum (LOOP2)
Measured
Values
Computed
Values V3 V4 Sum (LOOP3)

% Difference

Measured
Values
Computed
Values

% Difference
 Table 7-3

IT I100 I150 Sum (Node A)

Measured
Values
Computed
Values

% Difference

I100 I75 I50 Sum (Node B)

Measured
Values
Computed
Values

% Difference
Table 7-4

V. COMPUTATIONS
VI. CONCLUSION
VII. QUESTIONS/PROMEMS

1. How we plus minus current sign determined?

2. Explain why the kitchen lights becomes dimmer when a toaster is turned on.

3. What will be the effect upon the solution of a problem if a current direction is arbitrary
assumed incorrectly? What is the significance of negative values of voltage and currents?
4. Solve for Van of the
circuit shown below.
Measure the resistance
across the terminal
where the 12 volt
supply is connected.