MATERIAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

20 Jan 2022

Lathe Machine And Its Operations.

Lab Report 2

NAME:
Muhammad Abtahee
200301032

COURSE INSTRUCTOR:
Sir Danish Shafique

Total Pages 15
 Table of Contents
1 Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………1

2 Lathe Machine……………………………………………………………………………...1

3 Working Principle………………………………………………………………………….1

4 Components…………………………………………………………………………...……2

4.1 Bed………………………………………………………………………………………...2

4.2 Legs……….………………………………………………………………………………2

4.3 Headstock……..………………………………………………………………………….3

4.4Gear Box…………………………………………………………………………………..3

4.5 Carriage…………………………………………………………………………………..3

4.6 TailStock………………………………………………………………………………….4

5 Operations.………………………………………………………………………………... 4

5.1 Facing...…………………………………………………………………………………...6

5.2 Turning…………………………………………………………………………………..6

5.3 Threading…….…………………………………………………………………..………7

5.4 Grooving..…………………………………………………………………………..……7

5.5 Chamfering……………………………………………………………………………….7

5.6 Boring…………………………………………………………………………………….7

6 Work Holding Devices..…………………………………………………………………...8

7Tensile test Sample.………………………………………………………………………10

8 Fatigue test sample……………………………………………………………………….11

9 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………...12

10 References………………………………………………………………………………..12
1. ABSTRACT

Lathe machine is a very sophisticated machine used to perform complex operations for
industrial components. Our objective is to study and write all the necessary operations which
can be performed using a lathe machine

2. LATHE MACHINE:
A lathe is a gadget tool which rotates the workpiece on its axis
to perform various operations consisting of reducing, sanding, knurling, drilling, or
deformation, going through, turning, with tools which can be implemented to the workpiece
to create an object which has symmetry approximately an axis of rotation. Lathes are used
in woodturning, metalworking, metal spinning, Thermal spraying/ elements reclamation, and
glass-operating. Lathes can be used to form pottery, the nice-recognised layout being the
potter's wheel.

3. WORKING PRINCIPLE:
• The lathe is a gadget device which holds the workpiece among rigid and robust supports
referred to as centres or in a chuck or face plate which revolves. The slicing tool is rigidly
held and supported in a tool submit that's fed towards the revolving work. The everyday
slicing operations are done with the cutting device fed both parallel or at proper angles to the
axis of the work.
• The cutting tool may also be fed at an perspective relative to the axis of labor for machining
tapers and angles.

4. Parts OF LATHE MACHINE:

• Beds.
• Legs.
• Headstocks.
• Gear-Box.
• Carriages.
• Tail-Stock.

4.1. BED:
It is a heavy, rugged casting in that are installed the operating elements of the lathe. It
incorporates the headstock and tail stock for supporting the workpiece and presents a base for
the movement of carriage assembly which includes the tool.

4.2. LEGS:
They carry the load of whole machine and are secured to floor by foundation bolts in
concrete.
4.3. HEADSTOCK:
The headstock is clamped at the left hand facet of beds and it serves as housing for
the using pulleys, returned gears, headstock spindle, stay centre and the feed reverse tools. The
headstock spindle is a hollow cylindrical shaft that provides a force from the motor
to work holding gadgets

4.4. GEAR BOX:

The quick-changing gear-box is below the part headstock and it contains a number of
different ratio gears which controls the speed of machine.

4.5. CARRIAGE:
Used to move cutting tool along lathe bed.
Consists of four main parts:
 Saddle carriage
 Crosss slide
 Aprone
 Compound-rest
4.6. Tail STOCK:
 It is Placed on the right side of lathe machine.
 Its purpose is to balance long material.

5. LATHE OPERATIONS:

 Straight turning  Grooving

 Taper turning  Thread cutting
 Facing  Chamfering
 Drilling  Knurling
 Boring  Spinning
 Spring winding  Under cutting
 Solder turning  Forming
 Filing  Polishing
5.1. Facing:
Finshing of face of material by removing material is called facing

5.2. Tapering Turning Operation:

Diameter of cylinder work piece decreasing or increasing gradually is called as taper turning.

Types of taper turning:

 By using form tool.
 By setting over tailstock centre.
 By swivelling the compound rest.
 By using taper turning attachment.
5.3. Thread-ing:

5.4. Grooving:

5.5. Chamfering:
Cutting the edges at an angle on sample material creates a chamfer.
5.7. Knurling:
6. Work Holding Devices:

 Four jaws independant :

Combination chuck
Magnetic chuck:
 Drill chuck:
 Devive Used for clamping drill bits, reaming parts and tapping operations.

7. Tensile test sample:

Procedure:
First of all we performed
turning on the specimen to
reduce it to the size (7.8 mm
in
diameter) we needed for this
experiment.
2. Then we used sand paper
to make its surface smooth so
it can perform more efficiently
during the experiment
First of all we performed
turning on the specimen to
reduce it to the size (7.8
mm in
diameter) we needed for this
experiment.
2. Then we used sand paper
to make its surface smooth so
it can perform more efficiently
during the experiment
 Firstly, we cut 22mm dia Aluminum rod to 201mm length with hacksaw.
 Now clamp the rod in lathe machine.
 Turning tool will be used in tool post.
 Perform facing operation on both ends.
 Mark center at one end with drill using drill chuck on tail stock.
 Clamp the specimen to spindle chuck with 10mm clamping space.
 The center we marked earlier will be used to hold the specimen so that it spins with
balance, this will be done using dead center quill on tail stock.
 Now we will do turning operation on sample and reduce its dia from 22mm to 20mm.
 Now specimen will be removed from chuck and will be clamped oppositely so that
dia of the other side grip section is reduced to 20mm.
 1500 grit Sand paper will be used to smoothen the finishing.
 Now turning operation will be performed on gauge length and diameter will be
reduced to 12mm.
 A 2mm round cut tool will be used to create an inward curved fillet at ends of gauge
length.
 2000 grit sand paper will be used to smoothen the specimen.
 We will un clamp the specimen and its ready.

8. Fatigue testing sample:

Procedure:

First of all we performed

turning on the specimen to
reduce it to the size (7.8 mm
in
diameter) we needed for this
experiment.
2. Then we used sand paper
to make its surface smooth so
it can perform more efficiently
during the experiment
First of all we performed
turning on the specimen to
reduce it to the size (7.8
mm in
diameter) we needed for this
experiment.
2. Then we used sand paper
to make its surface smooth so
it can perform more efficiently
during the experiment
 Firstly, we cut 20mm dia Aluminum rod to 160mm length with hacksaw.
 Now clamp the rod in lathe machine.
 Turning tool will be used in tool post.
 Perform facing operation on both ends.
 Mark center at one end with drill using drill chuck on tail stock.
 Clamp the specimen to spindle chuck with 10mm clamping space.
 The center we marked earlier will be used to hold the specimen so that it spins with
balance, this will be done using dead center quill on tail stock.
 Now we will do turning operation on sample from tail end towards spindle chuck at a
length of 109.5mm and reduce its dia from 20mm to 7.9mm.
 Now we will turn additional 17mm length of specimen to 14mm diameter.
 Now a 2mm round cut tool will be used to create an inward curve as shown at point
Ra.
 1500 grit Sand paper will be used to smoothen the finishing.
 Now specimen will be removed from chuck and will be clamped oppositely from that
14mm dia portion.
 Tool post will be untightened and we will set it at 60-degree angle.
 Now we will mark the face of specimen at 14mm dia.
 We will feed the tool and it will perform taper turning operation from the leading
edge to a length of 28mm hence creating a slope of 6 degrees.
 2000 grit sand paper will be used to smoothen the specimen.
 Now tool post will be set as default.
 Facing will be performed on the end reducing the dia to 11mm.
 Excess material will be removed.
 We will un clamp the specimen and its ready.

9. Conclusion:
Lathes are normally robust in construction and they will, with good care, last for many
years. It is not unusual for instance to see good lathes still in uses that are 50 years old. To
ensure good, accurate, trouble free use it is necessary that the correct maintenance
routines are regularly carried out and that important surfaces such as slide-ways are kept
well protected so as to reduce wear and thus maintain good accuracy, and the lubricants
used, are all factors that require your attention.
10. References:
 Osama, Shodhganga & Khayal, Osama. (2019). LITERATURE REVIEW ON
LATHE MACHINE.
 G. Pan, H. Xu, C. M. Kwan, C. Liang, L. Haynes, and Z. Geng, “Modeling and
intellligent hatter control strategies for a lathe machine,, vol. 4, no. 12. Dec. 1996.