MOVEMENT OF PLATES LEAD TO

FORMATION OF FOLDS AND FAULTS

for Earth & Life Science/ Grade 11
Quarter 1 / Week 5

NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek5_v2

 FOREWORD

This self-learning kit will serve as a guide to explain how

the movement of plates leads to the formation of folds and
faults.

In this learning kit the learners will be gained knowledge

in explaining how the movement of plates leads to the
formation of folds and faults.

NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek5_v2

OBJECTIVE:
At the end of this Self-Learning Kit, the learners will be able to:
K: Define folds and faults;
S: Trace how the movement of plates leads to the formation
of folds and faults; and
A: Infer the importance of folds and faults to the formation of
new land masses.

LEARNING COMPTENCY:

Explain how the movement of plates leads to the

formation of folds and faults. (S11/12ES-Id-22)

I. WHAT HAPPENED

NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek5_v2

PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRE-TEST:

3
4
2
6

5
7

Source: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/1055599888507949/

Directions:
Name the 7 continents. Write your answer in your notebook.
1. ______________
2. ______________
3. ______________
4. ______________

NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek5_v2

 5. ______________
6. ______________
7. ______________

II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

DISCUSSION:

Plates Movement

Rocks that were originally deposited in horizontal layers

can subsequently deform by tectonic forces into folds and

NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek5_v2

faults. Folds constitute the twists and bends in rocks. Faults
are planes of detachment resulting when rocks on either
side of the displacement slip past one another.

The movement of the plates depends on the

boundaries between them. These boundaries can be
convergent, divergent, or transform.
In a convergent boundary, the plates move or collide
to each other. When the plates move away from each
other, they are in a divergent boundary. Finally, when
plates slide past each other, they are in a transform
boundary.

Source: https://edwinllarkin.blogspot.com/2012/09/plate-tectonics-and-
continental-
drift.html?m=1&fbclid=IwAR3wbxVuK5Czsk7G0Md5rM6_FH8Ymf-
96nNW5qdHGdb6uFfffi-nxZiQizc

NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek5_v2

 Plate movements cause rocks to be deformed due to
compressional stress at convergent boundaries, tensional
stress at divergent boundaries, or shear stress at transform
boundaries. Due to these stresses, rocks experience
changes in volume and shape.

There are basically 3 types of tectonic forces that can

deform rocks. The type of strain (deformation) that
develops in a rock depends on the tectonic force.

(a) Compressive forces squeeze and shorten a body.

(b) Tensional forces stretch a body and pulls it apart

(c) Shearing forces push different parts of a body in

opposite directions

When subjected to stress, rocks can deform by either

breaking (fracture) or bending (fold).

Fracture

Since the pressure and temperature are low at the

Earth’s surface, rocks tend to break or fracture when
subjected to compressional and tensional stresses. This
means that the pressure exerted in the blocks of rocks
exceeds the rock's internal strength.

Fractures can either be a fault or a joint. A fault is a

break in the rock where there is considerable movement
on the fracture surface while a joint is a break where there
is no considerable movement.
NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek5_v2
Types of Fault

There are two types of faults. They can either be dip-slip

or strike-slip faults.

Dip-slip Faults

Dip-slip faults involve the vertical movement of the

blocks of rock. These movements are described based
on the direction of the motion of the hanging wall with
respect to the footwall. A hanging wall is the block of
rock that rests on the fault plane while a footwall is the
one below the fault plane.
Dip-slip faults can either be a normal or a reverse
fault. A normal fault is caused by tensional stress. It is
characterized by the hanging wall moving downward
with respect to the footwall. A reverse fault, wherein the
hanging wall moves upward, is formed by compressional
stress.

Strike-slip Fault

Strike-slip fault involves a horizontal movement of

blocks of rock and is caused by shear stress.

NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek5_v2

 Source:http://www.geosci.usyd.edu.au/users/prey/Teaching/Geol-
1002/HTML.Lect3/sld007.htm

Fold

Deep within the crust, where pressure and

temperature are high, rocks are plastic-like; thus, they do
not break but they tend to bend or fold. When rocks in
this area are compressed, they become thicker. When
rocks become thinner, they are pulled apart.

Types of Fold

When blocks of rock are bent upwards, they form

anticline structures. Synclines are formed when blocks of
rock bend downwards. A slightly bent rock from the parallel
undeformed layers forms monoclines.

NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek5_v2

Source: https://www.geocaching.com/geocache/GC7V7DB_you-gotta-
know-when-to-fold-em?guid=20489149-eec1-4da4-8cde-67afe72c1997

Anticline is a fold that is convex up and has its oldest beds at

its core. The term is not to be confused with antiform, which is
a purely descriptive term for any fold that is convex up.
Therefore, if age relationships between various strata are
unknown, the term antiform should be used

A syncline is a fold with younger layers closer to the center of

the structure. Synclines are typically a downward fold,
termed a synformal syncline (i.e. a trough); but synclines that
point upwards, or perched, can be found when strata have
been overturned and folded (an antiformal syncline).

Monocline is a local warping in horizontal strata. Rock beds

lying at two level separated by steep inclined limbs. It is form
by vertical movement and generally found fault below
monocline. a step-like fold in rock strata consisting of a zone
of steeper dip within an otherwise horizontal or gently-
dipping sequence.

NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek5_v2

 Source: Quipper.com

III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

ACTIVITY 1:
Activity Clay Time!

Materials Needed:

• Clay or Clay Soil (preferably use different colors to

make layers.)
• Ruler
• Pencil and Paper
NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek5_v2
Procedure:

1. Make slabs out of clay or Clay Soil (preferably use

different colors to make layers.)
2. Measure the slabs: 2 inches length, 1inch width, ½ inch
height

½ inch

1 inch

2 inches
3. Make 9 slabs of clay.
4. Stack the 3 slabs of clay and make a three pile of stack
clay slabs.

NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek5_v2

 Source: Quipper.com

5. Apply compressional, tensional, and shear stress on

the slabs of clay.
6. How do the layers move or look like after applying
each type of stress? Complete and answer the
table below in your notebook.

Compressional Stress Tensional Stress Shear Stress

(Describe what happen to the (Describe what happen to the (Describe what happen to the
clay) clay) clay)

NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek5_v2

 (Draw what happen to the clay) (Draw what happen to the clay) (Draw what happen to the clay)

Activity 2:
Essay:
Directions: Write a short essay for 10 points. Rubrics will be
used on this activity.

1. How importance of folds and faults to the formation of

new land masses

Rubrics: Content------------------------5 pts.

Cohesiveness-----------------5 pts.
______________________________________
Total 10 pts.

EVALUATION/POST TEST:

Directions:
Multiple Choice: Write the letter of the correct answer in your
notebook.
1. It is a break in the rock where there is considerable
movement on the fracture surface while a joint is a break
where there is no considerable movement.
A. Fold C. Fracture E. None of the Above
NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek5_v2
 B. Fault D. Plates
2. When pressure and temperature are high, rocks are
plastic-like; thus, they do not break but they tend to
bend
A. Fold C. Fracture E. None of the Above
B. Fault D. Plates
3. When pressure and temperature are low at the Earth’s
surface, rocks tend to break or ______.
A. Fold C. Fracture E. None of the Above
B. Fault D. Plates
4. A type of faults involves the vertical movement of the
blocks of rock. Can either be a normal or a reverse fault.
A. Dip-slip C. Fracture E. None of the Above
B. Fault D. Strike-slip
5. A fault involves a horizontal movement of blocks of rock
and is caused by shear stress.
A. Dip-slip C. Fracture E. None of the Above
B. Fault D. Strike-slip

Enumeration:
6-8: What are the three types of Folds?
9-10: What are the two types of Faults?

NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek5_v2

REFERENCES:
Earth and Life Science LC 10 Week 5

Jill Nance, Pangaea Puzzle Pieces, accessed July 11, 2020,

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/1055599888507949/

edlarkin.blogspot.com, Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift, accessed

July 11, 2020. https://edwinllarkin.blogspot.com/2012/09/plate-tectonics-
and-continental-
drift.html?m=1&fbclid=IwAR3wbxVuK5Czsk7G0Md5rM6_FH8Ymf-
96nNW5qdHGdb6uFfffi-nxZiQizc

P.F. Rey, School of Geosciences, Division of Geology & Geophysics, The

University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EARTH PROCESSES AND
RESOURCES, accessed July 11, 2020.
http://www.geosci.usyd.edu.au/users/prey/Teaching/Geol-
1002/HTML.Lect3/sld007.htm

NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek5_v2

ArtieD. Geocaching You Gotta Know When to Fold 'Em. Accessed Ju;y 11,
2020. https://www.geocaching.com/geocache/GC7V7DB_you-gotta-
know-when-to-fold-em?guid=20489149-eec1-4da4-8cde-67afe72c1997

Quipper.com

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

FAY C. LUAREZ, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Acting CID Chief

ADOLF P. AGUILAR
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

NILITA L. RAGAY, Ed.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
Education Program Supervisor – (SCIENCE & MATH)

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

THOMAS JOGIE U. TOLEDO

Writer/Illustrator/Lay –out Artists
__________________________

BETA TEAM
ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA
DORIN FAYE D. CADAYDAY
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DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide accessible learning
modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The contents of this module are carefully
researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were
clearly instructed to give credits to information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to
SYNOPSIS
copyright and may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division.

This Self-Learning Kit is designed and

develop to help the learners understand
the specific lesson. The lesson on this
Learning Kit is made simple and
contextualize to meet the standard of the
K-12 curriculum.

The lesson on this Self-Learning Kit is

modified and develop to help learners on
their self-study habit. With the close
supervision of every individual and effort of
the learners, we can achieve the through
purpose of the teaching-learning process.

NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek5_v2

ABOUT THE AUTHOR
THOMAS JOGIE U. TOLEDO finish his course at Negros
Oriental State University with a degree of Bachelor of
Secondary Education major in Biological Science last
2015. A Senior High Teacher II at Sumaliring High School
and District Planning Coordinator of Siaton 1 District.
Currently finishing his master’s degree, Masters of Art in
Science Teaching at Negros Oriental State University.

NegOr_Q1_Earth and LifeSci11_SLKWeek5_v2